CN115360035A - Preparation method of CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance - Google Patents
Preparation method of CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance Download PDFInfo
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- CN115360035A CN115360035A CN202210805833.XA CN202210805833A CN115360035A CN 115360035 A CN115360035 A CN 115360035A CN 202210805833 A CN202210805833 A CN 202210805833A CN 115360035 A CN115360035 A CN 115360035A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
- H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/06—Alloys based on chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/11—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of chromium or alloys based thereon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
- H01H1/0206—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches containing as major components Cu and Cr
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
- H01H2001/0205—Conditioning of the contact material through arcing during manufacturing, e.g. vacuum-depositing of layer on contact surface
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- High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance, which comprises the following steps: weighing and proportioning Cu and Cr according to 1:1 by weight percent, and then weighing and proportioning Te with the weight ratio of the copper-chromium mixture being 0.003-0.6 wt%; preparing a consumable electrode bar by using the weighed raw material powder, and then performing vacuum sintering degassing, arc melting, forging annealing and machining to obtain a CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance; the CuCr50Te contact material prepared by the vacuum consumable arc melting technology has good electric and thermal conductivity, reduces the fusion welding force of the CuCr contact, achieves grain refinement and uniform component distribution, reduces the shutoff value of the material, improves the pressure resistance of the material, and improves the current breaking capability; the invention has the advantages of simple overall process, lower process cost and shorter preparation flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of copper-chromium contact preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance.
Background
With the development of vacuum arc-extinguishing chambers to high voltage class 40.5kV, 72.5kV and even higher 126kV and 252kV and miniaturization, the contact material is required to have higher stability, excellent breaking performance, low cut-off value, and simultaneously have high voltage resistance, welding resistance, high electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and mechanical strength.
When the material is designed, if the material modification is adopted to reduce the volatilization of metal steam in the breaking process so as to improve the breaking performance, the material has a larger cut-off value and can cause overvoltage, and when the cut-off value of the material is reduced by adding a low-melting-point third element, the compressive strength can also be reduced. It has been found that a certain electrical contact performance is affected by one or more material parameters, which in turn affect several electrical performance parameters.
The relation between the comprehensive performance and the electrical performance of the contact is complex and is mutually related, the requirement of the vacuum switch on the contact material is very strict, and the proposed requirement is contradictory to the inherent physical performance of the contact material, so that more difficulty is added to the design and the manufacture of the contact material.
The added Te element of the CuCr contact material is basically limited to the material with the Cr content of below 40%, and the CuCr contact material with high Cr content has the characteristic of strong arc extinguishing capability, so that the CuCr contact material can be developed more excellently by increasing the Cr content. In the prior art, the preparation process of the CuCr contact material with high Cr content has the problems of complex process, long period, high preparation cost and uneven microstructure of the prepared copper-chromium contact material. Therefore, a preparation process of a CuCr contact material with high Cr content is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The design scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing materials
Weighing and proportioning Cu and Cr according to 1:1 by weight percent, and then weighing and proportioning Te with the weight ratio of the copper-chromium mixture being 0.003-0.6 wt%; wherein Cu is added in the form of copper powder, cr is added in the form of chromium powder, and Te is added in the form of tellurium powder or CuTe alloy powder;
s2, preparation of consumable electrode bar
S2-1, mixing
Putting the weighed raw material powder into an automatic mixer, introducing protective inert gas, and mixing for 1-6 h to obtain uniformly mixed copper-chromium-tellurium mixed powder;
s2-2, cold isostatic pressing
Filling the uniformly mixed copper-chromium-tellurium mixed powder into a die through an automatic powder filling machine, and then placing the die into cold isostatic pressing equipment, and maintaining the pressure for 5-30 min under the condition that the pressure is 80-500 Mpa to obtain a consumable electrode rod with a certain size;
s3, vacuum sintering
Carrying out vacuum sintering degassing on the consumable electrode rod in a vacuum sintering furnace;
s4, arc melting
Smelting the electrode rod subjected to vacuum sintering in the S3 in a vacuum consumable arc smelting furnace, and cooling to obtain an ingot;
s5, forging and annealing
Turning the outer circle of the cast ingot of the step S4, sawing off a riser and a bottom sheet, and then forging and annealing to obtain a forged alloy ingot;
s6, machining
And (5) carrying out size processing on the alloy ingot in the step S5 according to the drawing requirements to obtain the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance.
Further, electrolytic copper powder or atomized copper powder is adopted as the copper powder in S1, and the powder granularity is 30-150 mu m; the specific preparation process of the atomized copper powder comprises the following steps: placing the electrolytic copper plate in a vacuum induction smelting furnace for smelting to obtain molten copper; then, atomizing by using an atomizing device and adopting argon as a gas source under the condition of gas atomization pressure of 15-20 MPa to prepare powder; the smelting process comprises the following specific steps: vacuumizing the vacuum induction smelting furnace until P is less than or equal to 1Pa, increasing the power to 90-100 kW at the speed of 10kW/min, reducing the power to 35-40 kW after the raw materials in the vacuum induction smelting furnace are uniform, simultaneously filling high-purity argon into the furnace body to increase the pressure to 0.1MPa, stopping filling the argon, increasing the power to 90kW at the speed of 20kW/min, and refining for 5min; the purity of the copper powder raw material is ensured to be more than 99.7 percent.
Further, the chromium powder in S1 is electrolytic chromium powder or aluminothermic reduction chromium powder, and the powder granularity is 20-100 mu m; ensuring that the purity of the chromium powder raw material is more than 99.5 percent.
Further, the CuTe alloy powder in the S1 is prepared by a vacuum ball milling method, and the particle size of the powder is 50-200 mu m; the specific preparation process of the CuTe alloy powder comprises the following steps: placing tellurium powder and copper powder in a planetary ball mill according to the weight percentage of 10-15 to 30-50, and ball-milling for 40-50 h at the rotating speed of 300r/min and under the condition of taking high-purity argon as protective gas according to the ball-material ratio of 15-20; the purity of the tellurium powder raw material is ensured to be more than or equal to 99.9 percent.
Further, the S3 specifically is: and (3) placing the consumable electrode bar in a vacuum sintering furnace, and preserving the heat for 1-30 min at the temperature of 500-1080 ℃.
Further, the S3 specifically is: placing the consumable electrode bar in a vacuum sintering furnace, vacuumizing, filling argon, vacuumizing again, heating to 450-500 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 1-2 min; then raising the temperature to 800-100 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min and preserving the temperature for 5-10 min.
Further, the S4 specifically is: placing the electrode bar subjected to vacuum sintering in a vacuum consumable arc melting furnace, melting under the conditions that the melting point current is 1.0-5 KA and the arc voltage is 10-30V, and cooling to obtain an ingot; and the short circuit times in the smelting process are less than or equal to 3 times, and the environmental temperature and humidity requirements are as follows: temperature less than or equal to 30 ℃, humidity less than or equal to 60 percent RH.
Further, the S5 specifically is: and (5) turning the outer circle of the ingot casting in the step (S4), sawing off a riser and a bottom sheet, forging at the temperature of 500-1000 ℃, and annealing at the temperature of 600-1100 ℃ to obtain a forged alloy ingot.
Further, preheating treatment is required before forging in the step S5; the preheating treatment specifically comprises the following steps: heating to 300 ℃ at the speed of 30-50 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 10-15 min, and then heating to the forging temperature at the speed of 10-20 ℃/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the CuCr50Te contact material prepared by the vacuum consumable arc melting technology has good electric and thermal conductivity, reduces the fusion welding force of the CuCr contact, achieves grain refinement and uniform component distribution, reduces the shutoff value of the material, improves the pressure resistance of the material, and improves the current breaking capability; the invention has the advantages of simple overall process, lower process cost and shorter preparation flow.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic picture (100X) of CuCr50Te0.003 contact material prepared in accordance with example 7;
FIG. 3 is a gold phase diagram (100X) of the CuCr50Te0.001 contact material prepared in example 8;
FIG. 4 is a gold phase diagram (100X) of the CuCr50Te0.3 contact material prepared in example 9;
FIG. 5 is a gold phase diagram (100X) of the CuCr50Te0.6 contact material prepared in example 10.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The preparation method of the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance shown in FIG. 1 comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing materials
Weighing and proportioning Cu and Cr according to 1:1 by weight percent, and then weighing and proportioning Te with the weight ratio of the copper-chromium mixture being 0.003 wt%; wherein Cu is added in the form of copper powder, cr is added in the form of chromium powder, and Te is added in the form of tellurium powder or CuTe alloy powder; electrolytic copper powder is adopted as the copper powder, and the granularity of the copper powder is 30-150 mu m; the chromium powder is electrolytic chromium powder or aluminothermic reduction chromium powder, and the granularity of the powder is 20-100 mu m; the CuTe alloy powder is prepared by a vacuum ball milling method, and the particle size of the powder is 50-200 mu m; the specific preparation process of the CuTe alloy powder comprises the following steps: placing tellurium powder and copper powder into a planetary ball mill according to the weight percentage of 10;
s2, preparation of consumable electrode bar
S2-1, mixing materials
Putting the weighed raw material powder into an automatic mixer, and introducing protective inert gas for mixing for 1h to obtain uniformly mixed copper-chromium-tellurium mixed powder;
s2-2, cold isostatic pressing
Filling the uniformly mixed copper-chromium-tellurium mixed powder into a die through an automatic powder filling machine, and then placing the die into cold equal static pressure equipment, and maintaining the pressure for 30min under the condition that the pressure is 80Mpa to obtain a consumable electrode rod with a certain size;
s3, vacuum sintering
Placing the consumable electrode bar in a vacuum sintering furnace, and preserving heat for 30min at 500 ℃;
s4, arc melting
Placing the electrode rod subjected to vacuum sintering in the S3 vacuum consumable arc melting furnace, melting under the conditions that the melting point current is 1.0KA and the arc voltage is 10V, and cooling to obtain an ingot; and the short circuit frequency in the smelting process is less than or equal to 3 times, and the environmental temperature and humidity requirements are as follows: RH is less than or equal to 30 ℃ and the humidity is less than or equal to 60%;
s5, forging and annealing
Turning the excircle of the S4 cast ingot, sawing off a riser and a bottom sheet, forging at 500 ℃, and annealing at 600 ℃ to obtain a forged alloy ingot;
s6, machining
And (4) carrying out size processing on the S5 alloy ingot according to the drawing requirements to obtain the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance.
Example 2
The preparation method of the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance shown in FIG. 1 comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing materials
Weighing and proportioning Cu and Cr according to 1:1 by weight percent, and then weighing and proportioning Te with the weight ratio of the copper-chromium mixture being 0.1 wt%; wherein Cu is added in the form of copper powder, cr is added in the form of chromium powder, and Te is added in the form of tellurium powder or CuTe alloy powder; electrolytic copper powder is adopted as the copper powder, and the granularity of the copper powder is 30-150 mu m; the chromium powder is electrolytic chromium powder or aluminothermic reduction chromium powder, and the granularity of the powder is 20-100 mu m; the CuTe alloy powder is prepared by a vacuum ball milling method, and the particle size of the powder is 50-200 mu m; the specific preparation process of the CuTe alloy powder comprises the following steps: placing tellurium powder and copper powder into a planetary ball mill according to the weight percentage of 15;
s2, preparation of consumable electrode bar
S2-1, mixing
Putting the weighed raw material powder into an automatic mixer, and introducing protective inert gas for mixing for 3 hours to obtain uniformly mixed copper-chromium-tellurium mixed powder;
s2-2, cold isostatic pressing
Filling the uniformly mixed copper-chromium-tellurium mixed powder into a die through an automatic powder filling machine, and then placing the die into cold isostatic pressing equipment to maintain the pressure for 15min under the condition that the pressure is 200Mpa, so as to obtain a consumable electrode rod with a certain size;
s3, vacuum sintering
Placing the consumable electrode bar in a vacuum sintering furnace, and preserving the heat for 10min at the temperature of 800 ℃;
s4, arc melting
Placing the electrode rod subjected to vacuum sintering in the S3 vacuum consumable arc melting furnace, melting under the conditions that the melting point current is 3KA and the arc voltage is 20V, and cooling to obtain an ingot; and the short circuit frequency in the smelting process is less than or equal to 3 times, and the environmental temperature and humidity requirements are as follows: RH is less than or equal to 30 ℃ and the humidity is less than or equal to 60%;
s5, forging and annealing
Turning the excircle of the S4 cast ingot, sawing off a riser and a bottom sheet, forging at 900 ℃, and annealing at 800 ℃ to obtain a forged alloy ingot;
s6, machining
And (4) carrying out size processing on the S5 alloy ingot according to the drawing requirements to obtain the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance.
Example 3
The preparation method of the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance shown in figure 1 comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing materials
Weighing and proportioning Cu and Cr according to 1:1 by weight percent, and then weighing and proportioning Te with the weight ratio of the copper-chromium mixture being 0.6 wt%; wherein Cu is added in the form of copper powder, cr is added in the form of chromium powder, and Te is added in the form of tellurium powder or CuTe alloy powder; electrolytic copper powder is adopted as the copper powder, and the granularity of the copper powder is 150 mu m; the chromium powder is electrolytic chromium powder or aluminothermic reduction chromium powder, and the granularity of the powder is 100 mu m; the CuTe alloy powder is prepared by a vacuum ball milling method, and the particle size of the powder is 200 mu m; the specific preparation process of the CuTe alloy powder comprises the following steps: placing tellurium powder and copper powder in a planetary ball mill according to the weight percentage ratio of 15 to 50, and ball-milling for 50 hours at the rotating speed of 300r/min and under the condition of taking high-purity argon as protective gas according to the ball-material ratio of 20;
s2, preparation of consumable electrode bar
S2-1, mixing materials
Putting the weighed raw material powder into an automatic mixer, and introducing protective inert gas for mixing for 6 hours to obtain uniformly mixed copper-chromium-tellurium mixed powder;
s2-2, cold isostatic pressing
Filling the uniformly mixed copper-chromium-tellurium mixed powder into a die through an automatic powder filling machine, and then placing the die into cold isostatic pressing equipment to maintain the pressure for 5min under the condition that the pressure is 500Mpa, so as to obtain a consumable electrode rod with a certain size;
s3, vacuum sintering
Placing the consumable electrode bar in a vacuum sintering furnace, and preserving heat for 1min at the temperature of 1080 ℃;
s4, arc melting
Placing the electrode bar subjected to vacuum sintering in the S3 into a vacuum consumable arc melting furnace, melting under the conditions that the melting point current is 5KA and the arc voltage is 30V, and cooling to obtain an ingot; and the short circuit frequency in the smelting process is less than or equal to 3 times, and the environmental temperature and humidity requirements are as follows: RH is less than or equal to 30 ℃ and the humidity is less than or equal to 60%;
s5, forging and annealing
Turning the excircle of the S4 cast ingot, sawing off a riser and a bottom sheet, forging at 1000 ℃, and annealing at 1100 ℃ to obtain a forged alloy ingot;
s6, machining
And (4) carrying out size processing on the S5 alloy ingot according to the drawing requirements to obtain the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is: atomized copper powder is adopted as the copper powder, and the powder granularity is 30-150 mu m; the specific preparation process of the atomized copper powder comprises the following steps: placing the electrolytic copper plate in a vacuum induction smelting furnace for smelting to obtain molten copper; then, atomizing by using an atomizing device and adopting argon as a gas source under the condition of gas atomization pressure of 15MPa to prepare powder; wherein the smelting process comprises the following steps: and vacuumizing the vacuum induction smelting furnace until P is less than or equal to 1Pa, increasing the power to 90kW at the speed of 10kW/min, reducing the power to 35kW after the raw materials in the vacuum induction smelting furnace are uniform, simultaneously filling high-purity argon into the furnace body to increase the pressure to 0.1MPa, stopping filling the argon, increasing the power to 90kW at the speed of 20kW/min, and refining for 5min.
Example 5
The difference from example 2 is: atomized copper powder is adopted as the copper powder, and the powder granularity is 30-150 mu m; the specific preparation process of the atomized copper powder comprises the following steps: placing the electrolytic copper plate in a vacuum induction smelting furnace for smelting to obtain molten copper; then, atomizing by using an atomizing device and adopting argon as a gas source under the condition of gas atomization pressure of 18MPa to prepare powder; wherein the smelting process comprises the following steps: and vacuumizing the vacuum induction smelting furnace until P is less than or equal to 1Pa, increasing the power to 95kW at the speed of 10kW/min, reducing the power to 40kW after the raw materials in the vacuum induction smelting furnace are uniform, simultaneously filling high-purity argon into the furnace body to increase the pressure to 0.1MPa, stopping filling the argon, increasing the power to 90kW at the speed of 20kW/min, and refining for 5min.
Example 6
The difference from example 3 is: atomized copper powder is adopted as the copper powder, and the powder granularity is 30-150 mu m; the specific preparation process of the atomized copper powder comprises the following steps: placing the electrolytic copper plate in a vacuum induction smelting furnace for smelting to obtain molten copper; then, atomizing by using an atomizing device and adopting argon as a gas source under the condition of gas atomization pressure of 20MPa to prepare powder; wherein the smelting process comprises the following steps: and vacuumizing the vacuum induction smelting furnace until P is less than or equal to 1Pa, increasing the power to 100kW at the speed of 10kW/min, after the raw materials in the vacuum induction smelting furnace are uniform, reducing the power to 40kW, simultaneously filling high-purity argon into the furnace body to increase the pressure to 0.1MPa, stopping filling the argon, increasing the power to 90kW at the speed of 20kW/min, and refining for 5min.
Example 7
A preparation method of a CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing materials
Weighing and proportioning Cu and Cr according to 1:1 by weight percent, and then weighing and proportioning Te with the weight ratio of the copper-chromium mixture being 0.003 wt%; wherein Cu is added in the form of copper powder, cr is added in the form of chromium powder, and Te is added in the form of tellurium powder or CuTe alloy powder; atomized copper powder is adopted as the copper powder, and the powder granularity is 30-150 mu m; the chromium powder is electrolytic chromium powder or aluminothermic reduction chromium powder, and the granularity of the powder is 20-100 mu m; the CuTe alloy powder is prepared by a vacuum ball milling method, and the particle size of the powder is 50-200 mu m; the specific preparation process of the CuTe alloy powder comprises the following steps: placing tellurium powder and copper powder into a planetary ball mill according to the weight percentage of 10;
the specific preparation process of the atomized copper powder comprises the following steps: placing the electrolytic copper plate in a vacuum induction smelting furnace for smelting to obtain molten copper; then, atomizing by using an atomizing device and adopting argon as a gas source under the condition of gas atomization pressure of 15MPa to prepare powder;
the smelting process comprises the following steps: vacuumizing the vacuum induction smelting furnace until P is less than or equal to 1Pa, increasing the power to 90kW at the speed of 10kW/min, reducing the power to 35kW after the raw materials in the vacuum induction smelting furnace are uniform, simultaneously filling high-purity argon into the furnace body to increase the pressure to 0.1MPa, stopping filling the argon, increasing the power to 90kW at the speed of 20kW/min, and refining for 5min;
s2, preparation of consumable electrode bar
S2-1, mixing materials
Putting the weighed raw material powder into an automatic mixer, and introducing protective inert gas for mixing for 1h to obtain uniformly mixed copper-chromium-tellurium mixed powder;
s2-2, cold isostatic pressing
Filling the uniformly mixed copper-chromium-tellurium mixed powder into a die through an automatic powder filling machine, and then placing the die into cold isostatic pressing equipment to maintain the pressure for 5min under the condition that the pressure is 80Mpa, so as to obtain a consumable electrode rod with a certain size;
s3, vacuum sintering
Placing the consumable electrode bar in a vacuum sintering furnace, vacuumizing, filling argon, vacuumizing again, heating to 450 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 2min; then heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min and preserving the heat for 10min;
s4, arc melting
Placing the electrode rod subjected to vacuum sintering in the S3 vacuum consumable arc melting furnace, melting under the conditions that the melting point current is 1KA and the arc voltage is 10V, and cooling to obtain an ingot; and the short circuit frequency in the smelting process is less than or equal to 3 times, and the environmental temperature and humidity requirements are as follows: RH is less than or equal to 30 ℃ and the humidity is less than or equal to 60%;
s5, forging and annealing
Turning the excircle of the S4 cast ingot, sawing off a riser and a bottom sheet, and performing heat treatment; then forging is carried out at the temperature of 500 ℃, and then annealing is carried out at the temperature of 600 ℃ to obtain a forged alloy ingot; wherein the preheating treatment specifically comprises the following steps: heating to 300 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, and then heating to the forging temperature at the speed of 10 ℃/min;
s6, machining
And (4) carrying out size processing on the S5 alloy ingot according to the drawing requirements to obtain the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance.
Example 8
The difference from example 7 is: weighing and proportioning Cu and Cr according to 1:1 by weight percent, and then weighing and proportioning Te with the weight ratio of the copper-chromium mixture being 0.01 wt%.
Example 9
A preparation method of a CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing materials
Weighing and proportioning Cu and Cr according to 1:1 by weight percent, and then weighing and proportioning Te with the weight ratio of the copper-chromium mixture being 0.3 wt%; wherein Cu is added in the form of copper powder, cr is added in the form of chromium powder, and Te is added in the form of tellurium powder or CuTe alloy powder; atomized copper powder is adopted as the copper powder, and the powder granularity is 30-150 mu m; the chromium powder is electrolytic chromium powder or aluminothermic reduction chromium powder, and the granularity of the powder is 20-100 mu m; the CuTe alloy powder is prepared by a vacuum ball milling method, and the particle size of the powder is 50-200 mu m; the specific preparation process of the CuTe alloy powder comprises the following steps: placing tellurium powder and copper powder in a planetary ball mill according to the weight percentage of 15;
the specific preparation process of the atomized copper powder comprises the following steps: placing the electrolytic copper plate in a vacuum induction smelting furnace for smelting to obtain molten copper; then, atomizing by using an atomizing device and adopting argon as a gas source under the condition of gas atomization pressure of 18MPa to prepare powder;
the smelting process comprises the following steps: vacuumizing the vacuum induction smelting furnace until P is less than or equal to 1Pa, increasing the power to 95kW at the speed of 10kW/min, reducing the power to 40kW after the raw materials in the vacuum induction smelting furnace are uniform, simultaneously filling high-purity argon into the furnace body to increase the pressure to 0.1MPa, stopping filling the argon, increasing the power to 90kW at the speed of 20kW/min, and refining for 5min;
s2, preparation of consumable electrode bar
S2-1, mixing materials
Putting the weighed raw material powder into an automatic mixer, and introducing protective inert gas for mixing for 5 hours to obtain uniformly mixed copper-chromium-tellurium mixed powder;
s2-2, cold isostatic pressing
Filling the uniformly mixed copper-chromium-tellurium mixed powder into a die through an automatic powder filling machine, and then placing the die into cold isostatic pressing equipment to maintain the pressure for 20min under the condition that the pressure is 300Mpa, so as to obtain a consumable electrode rod with a certain size;
s3, vacuum sintering
Placing the consumable electrode bar in a vacuum sintering furnace, vacuumizing, filling argon, vacuumizing again, heating to 500 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 1min; then heating to 100 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min and preserving the heat for 5min;
s4, arc melting
Placing the electrode rod subjected to vacuum sintering in the S3 vacuum consumable arc melting furnace, melting under the conditions that the melting point current is 3KA and the arc voltage is 25V, and cooling to obtain an ingot; and the short circuit frequency in the smelting process is less than or equal to 3 times, and the environmental temperature and humidity requirements are as follows: RH is less than or equal to 30 ℃ and the humidity is less than or equal to 60%;
s5, forging and annealing
Turning the excircle of the S4 cast ingot, sawing off a riser and a bottom sheet, and performing heat treatment; then forging the alloy ingot at 950 ℃, and then annealing the alloy ingot at 650 ℃ to obtain a forged alloy ingot; wherein the preheating treatment specifically comprises the following steps: heating to 300 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/min, preserving heat for 15min, and then heating to the forging temperature at the speed of 20 ℃/min;
s6, machining
And (4) carrying out size processing on the S5 alloy ingot according to the drawing requirements to obtain the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance.
Example 10
A preparation method of a CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing materials
Weighing and proportioning Cu and Cr according to 1:1 by weight percent, and then weighing and proportioning Te with the weight ratio of the copper-chromium mixture being 0.6 wt%; wherein Cu is added in the form of copper powder, cr is added in the form of chromium powder, and Te is added in the form of tellurium powder or CuTe alloy powder; atomized copper powder is adopted as the copper powder, and the powder granularity is 30-150 mu m; the chromium powder is electrolytic chromium powder or aluminothermic reduction chromium powder, and the granularity of the powder is 20-100 mu m; the CuTe alloy powder is prepared by a vacuum ball milling method, and the particle size of the powder is 50-200 mu m; the specific preparation process of the CuTe alloy powder comprises the following steps: according to the weight percentage of 15:50 placing tellurium powder and copper powder in a planetary ball mill, and ball-milling for 50h at the ball-material ratio of 20, the rotating speed of 300r/min and high-purity argon as protective gas;
the specific preparation process of the atomized copper powder comprises the following steps: placing an electrolytic copper plate in a vacuum induction smelting furnace for smelting to obtain molten copper; then, atomizing by using an atomizing device and adopting argon as a gas source under the condition of gas atomization pressure of 20MPa to prepare powder;
the smelting process comprises the following steps: vacuumizing the vacuum induction smelting furnace until P is less than or equal to 1Pa, increasing the power to 100kW at the speed of 10kW/min, reducing the power to 40kW after the raw materials in the vacuum induction smelting furnace are uniform, simultaneously filling high-purity argon into the furnace body to increase the pressure to 0.1MPa, stopping filling the argon, increasing the power to 90kW at the speed of 20kW/min, and refining for 5min;
s2, preparation of consumable electrode bar
S2-1, mixing materials
Putting the weighed raw material powder into an automatic mixer, and introducing protective inert gas for mixing for 1-6 h to obtain uniformly mixed copper-chromium-tellurium mixed powder;
s2-2, cold isostatic pressing
Filling the uniformly mixed copper-chromium-tellurium mixed powder into a die through an automatic powder filling machine, and then placing the die into cold equal static pressure equipment, and maintaining the pressure for 5min under the condition that the pressure is 500Mpa to obtain a consumable electrode rod with a certain size;
s3, vacuum sintering
Placing the consumable electrode bar in a vacuum sintering furnace, vacuumizing, filling argon, vacuumizing again, heating to 500 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 2min; then heating to 100 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min and preserving the heat for 10min;
s4, arc melting
Placing the electrode rod subjected to vacuum sintering in the S3 vacuum consumable arc melting furnace, melting under the conditions that the melting point current is 5KA and the arc voltage is 30V, and cooling to obtain an ingot; and the short circuit frequency in the smelting process is less than or equal to 3 times, and the environmental temperature and humidity requirements are as follows: RH is less than or equal to 30 ℃ and the humidity is less than or equal to 60%;
s5, forging and annealing
Turning the excircle of the S4 cast ingot, sawing off a riser and a bottom sheet, and performing heat treatment; then forging is carried out at the temperature of 1000 ℃, and annealing is carried out at the temperature of 1100 ℃ to obtain a forged alloy ingot; wherein the preheating treatment specifically comprises the following steps: heating to 300 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/min, preserving heat for 15min, and then heating to the forging temperature at the speed of 20 ℃/min;
s6, machining
And (4) carrying out size processing on the S5 alloy ingot according to the drawing requirements to obtain the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance.
Test examples
The physical and chemical properties of the CuCr50Te contact materials prepared in the examples 1-10 were measured, and the results of the physical measurements are shown in Table 1; microscopic observation is carried out on the CuCr50Te contact materials prepared in the examples 7-10, and the metallographic diagrams shown in the figures 2-5 are obtained;
table 1: results of measuring physical and chemical properties of CuCr50Te contact materials prepared in examples 1 to 10
And (4) conclusion: the CuCr50Te contact material prepared in the embodiments 1-10 of the invention has good electric conductivity and heat conductivity, and the compressive strength of the material is good.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing materials
Weighing and proportioning Cu and Cr according to 1:1 by weight percent, and then weighing and proportioning Te with the weight ratio of the copper-chromium mixture being 0.003-0.6 wt%; wherein Cu is added in the form of copper powder, cr is added in the form of chromium powder, and Te is added in the form of tellurium powder or CuTe alloy powder;
s2, preparation of consumable electrode bar
S2-1, mixing materials
Putting the weighed raw material powder into an automatic mixer, introducing protective inert gas, and mixing for 1-6 h to obtain uniformly mixed copper-chromium-tellurium mixed powder;
s2-2, cold isostatic pressing
Filling the uniformly mixed copper-chromium-tellurium mixed powder into a die through an automatic powder filling machine, and then placing the die into a cold isostatic pressing device, and maintaining the pressure for 5-30 min under the condition that the pressure is 80-500 Mpa to obtain a consumable electrode rod with a certain size;
s3, vacuum sintering
Carrying out vacuum sintering degassing on the consumable electrode rod in a vacuum sintering furnace;
s4, arc melting
Smelting the electrode rod subjected to vacuum sintering in the S3 in a vacuum consumable arc smelting furnace, and cooling to obtain an ingot;
s5, forging and annealing
Turning the outer circle of the cast ingot of the step S4, sawing off a riser and a bottom sheet, and then forging and annealing to obtain a forged alloy ingot;
s6, machining
And (5) carrying out size processing on the alloy ingot in the step S5 according to the drawing requirements to obtain the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance.
2. The method for preparing the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance according to claim 1, wherein electrolytic copper powder or atomized copper powder is adopted as the copper powder in S1, and the powder granularity is 30-150 μm; the specific preparation process of the atomized copper powder comprises the following steps: placing the electrolytic copper plate in a vacuum induction smelting furnace for smelting to obtain molten copper; then, atomizing by using an atomizing device and adopting argon as a gas source under the condition of gas atomization pressure of 15-20 MPa to prepare powder; the smelting process comprises the following specific steps: and vacuumizing the vacuum induction smelting furnace until P is less than or equal to 1Pa, increasing the power to 90-100 kW at the speed of 10kW/min, reducing the power to 35-40 kW after the raw materials in the vacuum induction smelting furnace are uniform, simultaneously filling high-purity argon into the furnace body to increase the pressure to 0.1MPa, stopping filling the argon, increasing the power to 90kW at the speed of 20kW/min, and refining for 5min.
3. The method for preparing the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance according to claim 1, wherein the chromium powder in S1 is electrolytic chromium powder or aluminothermic chromium powder, and the powder granularity is 20-100 μm.
4. The method for preparing a CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance according to claim 1, wherein the CuTe alloy powder of S1 is prepared by a vacuum ball milling method, and the particle size of the powder is 50-200 μm; the specific preparation process of the CuTe alloy powder comprises the following steps: placing tellurium powder and copper powder into a planetary ball mill according to the weight percentage of 10-15 to 30-50, and ball milling for 40-50 hours under the conditions that the ball-material ratio is 15-20, the rotating speed is 300r/min and high-purity argon is used as protective gas.
5. The method for preparing the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance according to claim 1, wherein S3 specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the consumable electrode bar in a vacuum sintering furnace, and preserving the heat for 1-30 min at the temperature of 500-1080 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance according to claim 1, wherein S3 specifically comprises the following steps: placing the consumable electrode bar in a vacuum sintering furnace, vacuumizing, filling argon, vacuumizing again, heating to 450-500 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 1-2 min; then raising the temperature to 800-100 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min and preserving the temperature for 5-10 min.
7. The method for preparing the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance according to claim 1, wherein S4 specifically comprises the following steps: placing the electrode bar subjected to vacuum sintering in the S3 into a vacuum consumable arc melting furnace, melting under the conditions that the melting point current is 1.0-5 KA and the arc voltage is 10-30V, and cooling to obtain an ingot; and the short circuit frequency in the smelting process is less than or equal to 3 times, and the environmental temperature and humidity requirements are as follows: temperature is less than or equal to 30 ℃, humidity is less than or equal to 60 percent RH.
8. The method for preparing the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance according to claim 1, wherein S5 specifically comprises the following steps: and (5) turning the outer circle of the ingot casting in the step (S4), sawing off a riser and a bottom sheet, forging at the temperature of 500-1000 ℃, and annealing at the temperature of 600-1100 ℃ to obtain a forged alloy ingot.
9. The method for preparing CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance according to claim 8, wherein the step S5 is performed by preheating treatment before forging; the preheating treatment specifically comprises the following steps: heating to 300 ℃ at the speed of 30-50 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 10-15 min, and then heating to the forging temperature at the speed of 10-20 ℃/min.
10. The method for preparing the CuCr50Te contact material with high fusion welding resistance according to claim 1, wherein S5 specifically comprises the following steps: and (4) turning the outer circle of the ingot casting in the step (S4), sawing off a riser and a bottom sheet, heating to 300 ℃ at the speed of 30-50 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10-15 min, then heating to 500-1000 ℃ at the speed of 10-20 ℃/min, forging, and then annealing at the temperature of 600-1100 ℃ to obtain the forged alloy ingot.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115838875A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-03-24 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method suitable for high-voltage-grade large-size contact material |
| CN116083739A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-05-09 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-purity low-pressure environment-friendly copper-chromium contact |
| CN116005020B (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2024-03-26 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of CuTe contact material for high-voltage direct-current contactor |
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- 2022-07-08 CN CN202210805833.XA patent/CN115360035A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115838875A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-03-24 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method suitable for high-voltage-grade large-size contact material |
| CN116083739A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-05-09 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-purity low-pressure environment-friendly copper-chromium contact |
| CN116005020B (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2024-03-26 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of CuTe contact material for high-voltage direct-current contactor |
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