CN112458328A - Process for preparing consumable electrode for arc melting by using CuCr alloy powder material - Google Patents
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Cu] Chemical compound [Cr].[Cu] GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009614 chemical analysis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017813 Cu—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/20—Arc remelting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention provides a process for preparing a consumable electrode for arc melting by using a CuCr alloy powder material, which specifically comprises the following steps: preparing a CuCr alloy powder material with the chromium content of 1-50 wt%; filling the prepared CuCr alloy powder material into a rubber sleeve, carrying out cold isostatic pressing, and demoulding the rubber sleeve after forming to obtain a consumable electrode bar blank; carrying out vacuum sintering treatment on the consumable electrode bar blank; smelting the consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc smelting furnace in a high-current and low-voltage mode; the consumable electrode is formed by pressing the alloy scraps or the alloy powder, so that the phenomenon of uneven mixing of the mixed powder due to performance difference is avoided, the electric arc energy required for melting the consumable electrode in the electric arc melting process is reduced, the temperature of a molten pool is reduced, and the microstructure of the material is optimized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of consumable electrode preparation, in particular to a process for preparing a consumable electrode for arc melting by using a CuCr alloy powder material.
Background
In the prior art, the process flow for preparing the consumable electrode bar by the copper-chromium alloy vacuum consumable electric arc melting process comprises the following steps: weighing copper powder and chromium powder, mixing, cold isostatic pressing, vacuum sintering and arc melting, wherein the copper powder and the chromium powder are prepared by an electrolysis method and an aluminothermic method respectively, the chromium powder and the copper powder are weighed according to a certain proportion and mixed in a mixer before the powder is mixed, and then the self-consuming electrode rod is prepared by cold isostatic pressing and vacuum sintering. However, this process has the following drawbacks:
1. the mixed powder is not uniformly mixed due to the difference of powder flowability, density and granularity in the mixing process of the copper powder and the chromium powder, so that the segregation phenomenon of the material after smelting is caused;
2. during the smelting process, more arc energy is needed, so that the temperature of a molten pool is increased, large dendrites appear in the cast ingot, and the performance of a contact material is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a process for preparing a consumable electrode for arc melting by using a CuCr alloy powder material, which has the advantages of uniform mixing and lower required arc energy.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a process for preparing a consumable electrode for arc melting by using a CuCr alloy powder material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of CuCr alloy powder material
Preparing a CuCr alloy powder material with the chromium content of 1-50 wt%; wherein the CuCr alloy powder material is CuCr alloy powder or CuCr alloy scrap powder;
the specific preparation method of the CuCr alloy powder comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: the raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: 1-50% of Cr and the balance of Cu, and weighing the needed copper powder and chromium powder for later use; wherein, Cr element adopts high-purity metal chromium powder with the purity of 99.99 percent, and Cu element adopts high-purity metal copper powder with the purity of 99.99 percent;
2) mixing: performing ball milling treatment on the spare copper powder and chromium powder for 3-5 hours under a vacuum condition to obtain mixed powder;
3) smelting: smelting the mixed powder obtained in the step 2) in a vacuum induction smelting furnace;
4) atomizing to prepare powder: atomizing the molten alloy to prepare powder to obtain atomized CuCr alloy powder;
the specific preparation method of the CuCr alloy scrap powder comprises the following steps: placing CuCr alloy scraps with the chromium content of 1-50 wt% into a metal container; then immersing the metal container in liquid nitrogen, and vibrating the metal container to break the alloy material to obtain broken alloy scraps; then collecting, drying and sieving the crushed alloy scraps to obtain CuCr alloy scrap powder;
step two: cold isostatic pressing
Filling the CuCr alloy powder material prepared in the step one into a rubber sleeve, carrying out cold isostatic pressing, and demoulding the rubber sleeve after forming to obtain a consumable electrode bar blank; the cold isostatic pressing is used for forming the material by using the Pascal principle, and the pressed bar has the characteristic of uniform density distribution, so that defects and the like caused by nonuniform density during material melting are avoided;
step three: sintering
Carrying out vacuum sintering treatment on the consumable electrode bar blank;
step four: melting
In the vacuum consumable electric arc melting furnace, consumable electrodes are melted in a high-current and low-voltage mode.
Further, the specific step of step 2) in the specific preparation method of the CuCr alloy powder is as follows: putting the mixed powder into a calcium oxide crucible, putting the calcium oxide crucible into a vacuum induction melting furnace, and raising the power to 45-50 kW for 5-8 min when the vacuum degree is pumped until the pH value is less than or equal to 3 Pa; then, increasing the power to 80kW at a rising rate of 5kW/min, keeping for 1-2 min, and then slowly filling high-purity argon into the furnace body of the vacuum induction melting furnace for protection; and increasing the power to 120-140 kW at a rising rate of 10kW/min until the mixed powder is completely melted.
Further, the specific step of step 3) in the specific preparation method of the CuCr alloy powder is: after the mixed powder is completely melted into a liquid state, introducing the melted alloy liquid into a tundish for heat preservation, then spraying the alloy liquid by using inert gas with the flow rate of 18-25L/min and the pressure of 50-120 MPa, dispersing the alloy liquid into fine liquid drops, cooling and solidifying in the falling process, and preparing atomized CuCr alloy powder; wherein, the inert gas adopts high-purity argon with the concentration of 99.99 percent.
Furthermore, the prepared atomized CuCr alloy powder is subjected to ball milling treatment for 24 hours on a high-energy ball mill by taking zirconia as a ball milling medium at the rotating speed of 1000 r/min.
Further, the step three vacuum sintering treatment is specifically operated as follows: heating to 900-950 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1.5-2.5 h.
Further, the vacuum sintering treatment in the third step is specifically operated as follows: heating to 450-550 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/min, preheating for 0.5-1 h, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 25 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2 h.
Further, the smelting in the fourth step is specifically carried out as follows: smelting the consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc smelting furnace in a mode that the current is 1000-3000A and the voltage is 25-30V; the melted copper-chromium alloy structure can be uniformly distributed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the alloy scraps or alloy powder are pressed into the consumable electrode, so that the phenomenon of uneven mixing of the mixed powder due to performance difference is avoided, the electric arc energy required for melting the consumable electrode in the electric arc melting process is reduced, the temperature of a molten pool is reduced, and the microstructure of the material is optimized; the oxygen content of the consumable electrode prepared by the method is less than 600PPM, and the uniformity of the distribution of copper and chromium in the powder particles is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of CuCr alloy powder particles in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a gold phase diagram of a consumable electrode prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1: a process for preparing a consumable electrode for arc melting by using a CuCr alloy powder material specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of CuCr alloy powder material
Preparing a CuCr alloy powder material with the chromium content of 1 percent by weight; wherein the CuCr alloy powder material is CuCr alloy powder;
the specific preparation method of the CuCr alloy powder comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: the raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: weighing needed copper powder and chromium powder for later use, wherein the Cr is 1 percent, and the Cu is the balance; wherein, Cr element adopts high-purity metal chromium powder with the purity of 99.99 percent, and Cu element adopts high-purity metal copper powder with the purity of 99.99 percent;
2) mixing: performing ball milling treatment on the spare copper powder and chromium powder for 3 hours under a vacuum condition to obtain mixed powder;
3) smelting: smelting the mixed powder obtained in the step 2) in a vacuum induction smelting furnace; the method specifically comprises the following steps: putting the mixed powder into a calcium oxide crucible, putting the calcium oxide crucible into a vacuum induction melting furnace, and raising the power to 45kW for 5min when the vacuum degree is pumped until the pH value is 2 Pa; then, increasing the power to 80kW at a rising rate of 5kW/min, keeping for 1min, and then slowly filling high-purity argon into the furnace body of the vacuum induction melting furnace for protection; then increasing the power to 120kW at a rising rate of 10kW/min until the mixed powder is completely melted;
4) atomizing to prepare powder: atomizing the molten alloy to prepare powder to obtain atomized CuCr alloy powder;
step two: cold isostatic pressing
Filling the CuCr alloy powder material prepared in the step one into a rubber sleeve, carrying out cold isostatic pressing, and demoulding the rubber sleeve after forming to obtain a consumable electrode bar blank;
step three: sintering
Carrying out vacuum sintering treatment on the consumable electrode bar blank; the method specifically comprises the following steps: heating to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 1.5 h;
step four: melting
And smelting the consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc smelting furnace by adopting a mode of 1000A of current and 25V of voltage.
Example 2: a process for preparing a consumable electrode for arc melting by using a CuCr alloy powder material specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of CuCr alloy powder material
Preparing a CuCr alloy powder material with the chromium content of 40 percent by weight; wherein the CuCr alloy powder material is CuCr alloy powder;
the specific preparation method of the CuCr alloy powder comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: the raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: weighing the required copper powder and chromium powder for later use, wherein the Cr accounts for 40%, and the Cu accounts for the balance; wherein, Cr element adopts high-purity metal chromium powder with the purity of 99.99 percent, and Cu element adopts high-purity metal copper powder with the purity of 99.99 percent;
2) mixing: performing ball milling treatment on the spare copper powder and chromium powder for 4 hours under a vacuum condition to obtain mixed powder;
3) smelting: smelting the mixed powder obtained in the step 2) in a vacuum induction smelting furnace; the method specifically comprises the following steps: putting the mixed powder into a calcium oxide crucible, putting the calcium oxide crucible into a vacuum induction melting furnace, and raising the power to 48kW for 7min when the vacuum degree is pumped until the pH value is 1 Pa; then, increasing the power to 80kW at a rising rate of 5kW/min, keeping for 1.5min, and then slowly filling high-purity argon into the furnace body of the vacuum induction melting furnace for protection; then increasing the power to 130kW at a rising rate of 10kW/min until the mixed powder is completely melted;
4) atomizing to prepare powder: atomizing the molten alloy to prepare powder to obtain atomized CuCr alloy powder;
step two: cold isostatic pressing
Filling the CuCr alloy powder material prepared in the step one into a rubber sleeve, carrying out cold isostatic pressing, and demoulding the rubber sleeve after forming to obtain a consumable electrode bar blank;
step three: sintering
Carrying out vacuum sintering treatment on the consumable electrode bar blank; the method specifically comprises the following steps: heating to 920 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 2 h;
step four: melting
And smelting the consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc smelting furnace by adopting a mode of current magnitude of 2000A and voltage of 28V.
Example 3: a process for preparing a consumable electrode for arc melting by using a CuCr alloy powder material specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of CuCr alloy powder material
Preparing a CuCr alloy powder material with the chromium content of 50 percent by weight; wherein the CuCr alloy powder material is CuCr alloy powder;
the specific preparation method of the CuCr alloy powder comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: the raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: 50% of Cr and the balance of Cu, and weighing the needed copper powder and chromium powder for later use; wherein, Cr element adopts high-purity metal chromium powder with the purity of 99.99 percent, and Cu element adopts high-purity metal copper powder with the purity of 99.99 percent;
2) mixing: performing ball milling treatment on the spare copper powder and chromium powder for 5 hours under a vacuum condition to obtain mixed powder;
3) smelting: smelting the mixed powder obtained in the step 2) in a vacuum induction smelting furnace; the method specifically comprises the following steps: putting the mixed powder into a calcium oxide crucible, putting the calcium oxide crucible into a vacuum induction melting furnace, and raising the power to 50kW for 8min when the vacuum degree is pumped until p is 2 Pa; then, increasing the power to 80kW at a rising rate of 5kW/min, keeping for 2min, and then slowly filling high-purity argon into the furnace body of the vacuum induction melting furnace for protection; then increasing the power to 140kW at a rising rate of 10kW/min until the mixed powder is completely melted;
4) atomizing to prepare powder: atomizing the molten alloy to prepare powder to obtain atomized CuCr alloy powder;
step two: cold isostatic pressing
Filling the CuCr alloy powder material prepared in the step one into a rubber sleeve, carrying out cold isostatic pressing, and demoulding the rubber sleeve after forming to obtain a consumable electrode bar blank;
step three: sintering
Carrying out vacuum sintering treatment on the consumable electrode bar blank; the method specifically comprises the following steps: heating to 950 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 2.5 h;
step four: melting
And smelting the consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc smelting furnace by adopting a mode of 3000A of current and 30V of voltage.
Example 4: the difference from example 1 is: the atomization powder preparation method comprises the following specific steps: after the mixed powder is completely melted into liquid, introducing the melted alloy liquid into a tundish for heat preservation, then spraying by using inert gas with the flow rate of 25L/min and the pressure of 120MPa, dispersing into fine liquid drops, cooling and solidifying in the falling process, and preparing atomized CuCr alloy powder; wherein, the inert gas adopts high-purity argon with the concentration of 99.99 percent.
Example 5: the difference from example 1 is: and performing ball milling treatment on the prepared atomized CuCr alloy powder for 24 hours on a high-energy ball mill at the rotating speed of 1000r/min by taking zirconium oxide as a ball milling medium.
Example 6: the difference from example 1 is: the third step is as follows: heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/min, preheating for 1h, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 25 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 2 h.
Example 7: a process for preparing a consumable electrode for arc melting by using a CuCr alloy powder material specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of CuCr alloy powder material
Preparing a CuCr alloy powder material with the chromium content of 1 percent by weight; the CuCr alloy powder material is CuCr alloy scrap powder; the specific preparation method of the CuCr alloy scrap powder comprises the following steps: CuCr alloy scraps with the chromium content of 1% by weight are put into a metal container; then immersing the metal container in liquid nitrogen, and vibrating the metal container to break the alloy material to obtain broken alloy scraps; then collecting, drying and sieving the crushed alloy scraps to obtain CuCr alloy scrap powder;
step two: cold isostatic pressing
Filling the CuCr alloy powder material prepared in the step one into a rubber sleeve, carrying out cold isostatic pressing, and demoulding the rubber sleeve after forming to obtain a consumable electrode bar blank;
step three: sintering
Heating to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/min, preheating for 0.5h, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 25 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 2 h;
step four: melting
And smelting the consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc smelting furnace by adopting a mode of 1000A of current and 25V of voltage.
Example 8: a process for preparing a consumable electrode for arc melting by using a CuCr alloy powder material specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of CuCr alloy powder material
Preparing a CuCr alloy powder material with the chromium content of 10 percent by weight; the CuCr alloy powder material is CuCr alloy scrap powder; the specific preparation method of the CuCr alloy scrap powder comprises the following steps: CuCr alloy scraps with the chromium content of 10 percent by weight are put into a metal container; then immersing the metal container in liquid nitrogen, and vibrating the metal container to break the alloy material to obtain broken alloy scraps; then collecting, drying and sieving the crushed alloy scraps to obtain CuCr alloy scrap powder;
step two: cold isostatic pressing
Filling the CuCr alloy powder material prepared in the step one into a rubber sleeve, carrying out cold isostatic pressing, and demoulding the rubber sleeve after forming to obtain a consumable electrode bar blank;
step three: sintering
Heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/min, preheating for 0.5h, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 25 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 2 h;
step four: melting
And smelting the consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc smelting furnace by adopting a mode of current magnitude of 2000A and voltage of 28V.
Example 9: a process for preparing a consumable electrode for arc melting by using a CuCr alloy powder material specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of CuCr alloy powder material
Preparing a CuCr alloy powder material with the chromium content of 50 percent by weight; the CuCr alloy powder material is CuCr alloy scrap powder; the specific preparation method of the CuCr alloy scrap powder comprises the following steps: CuCr alloy scraps with the chromium content of 50 percent by weight are put into a metal container; then immersing the metal container in liquid nitrogen, and vibrating the metal container to break the alloy material to obtain broken alloy scraps; then collecting, drying and sieving the crushed alloy scraps to obtain CuCr alloy scrap powder;
step two: cold isostatic pressing
Filling the CuCr alloy powder material prepared in the step one into a rubber sleeve, carrying out cold isostatic pressing, and demoulding the rubber sleeve after forming to obtain a consumable electrode bar blank;
step three: sintering
Heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/min, preheating for 1h, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 25 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 2 h;
step four: melting
And smelting the consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc smelting furnace by adopting a mode of 3000A of current and 30V of voltage.
Experimental example: the consumable electrodes prepared in examples 1 to 9 were tested, and the specific test method was as follows:
1. according to JB/T8443.1-2014 copper-chromium contact material chemical analysis method part 1: the chromium content in the prepared copper-chromium contact piece is tested according to the standard of chromium determination;
2. according to JB/T8443.2-2014 copper-chromium contact material chemical analysis method part 2: the copper content in the prepared copper-chromium contact piece is tested according to the standard of copper determination;
3. performing performance test on the prepared copper-chromium contact sheet according to the standard of GB/T24273-2009 Electrical Performance test method for Electrical contact materials;
the specific test results are as follows:
and (4) conclusion: the copper-chromium consumable electrode prepared in the embodiments 1 to 9 has better performance; as can be seen from the comparison of examples 1, 2 and 3 and examples 7, 8 and 9, the performance of the copper-chromium contact piece has a large relationship with the contents of chromium and copper; comparing examples 3 and 9, it is known that the CuCr alloy powder used as the raw material is prepared by atomization powder, which can further improve the conductivity of the final Cu-Cr contact piece, but the hardness is reduced.
Claims (7)
1. A process for preparing a consumable electrode for arc melting by using a CuCr alloy powder material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of CuCr alloy powder material
Preparing a CuCr alloy powder material with the chromium content of 1-50 wt%; wherein the CuCr alloy powder material is CuCr alloy powder or CuCr alloy scrap powder;
the specific preparation method of the CuCr alloy powder comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: the raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: 1-50% of Cr and the balance of Cu, and weighing the needed copper powder and chromium powder for later use; wherein, Cr element adopts high-purity metal chromium powder with the purity of 99.99 percent, and Cu element adopts high-purity metal copper powder with the purity of 99.99 percent;
2) mixing: performing ball milling treatment on the spare copper powder and chromium powder for 3-5 hours under a vacuum condition to obtain mixed powder;
3) smelting: smelting the mixed powder obtained in the step 2) in a vacuum induction smelting furnace;
4) atomizing to prepare powder: atomizing the molten alloy to prepare powder to obtain atomized CuCr alloy powder;
the specific preparation method of the CuCr alloy scrap powder comprises the following steps: placing CuCr alloy scraps with the chromium content of 1-50 wt% into a metal container; then immersing the metal container in liquid nitrogen, and vibrating the metal container to break the alloy material to obtain broken alloy scraps; then collecting, drying and sieving the crushed alloy scraps to obtain CuCr alloy scrap powder;
step two: cold isostatic pressing
Filling the CuCr alloy powder material prepared in the step one into a rubber sleeve, carrying out cold isostatic pressing, and demoulding the rubber sleeve after forming to obtain a consumable electrode bar blank;
step three: sintering
Carrying out vacuum sintering treatment on the consumable electrode bar blank;
step four: melting
In the vacuum consumable electric arc melting furnace, consumable electrodes are melted in a high-current and low-voltage mode.
2. The process for preparing a consumable electrode for arc melting by using a CuCr alloy powder material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific step of mixing in step 2) in the specific preparation method of the CuCr alloy powder is as follows: putting the mixed powder into a calcium oxide crucible, putting the calcium oxide crucible into a vacuum induction melting furnace, and raising the power to 45-50 kW for 5-8 min when the vacuum degree is pumped until the pH value is less than or equal to 3 Pa; then, increasing the power to 80kW at a rising rate of 5kW/min, keeping for 1-2 min, and then slowly filling high-purity argon into the furnace body of the vacuum induction melting furnace for protection; and increasing the power to 120-140 kW at a rising rate of 10kW/min until the mixed powder is completely melted.
3. The process for preparing a consumable electrode for arc melting by using a CuCr alloy powder material according to claim 1, wherein the step 3) of the specific preparation method of the CuCr alloy powder comprises: after the mixed powder is completely melted into a liquid state, introducing the melted alloy liquid into a tundish for heat preservation, then spraying the alloy liquid by using inert gas with the flow rate of 18-25L/min and the pressure of 50-120 MPa, dispersing the alloy liquid into fine liquid drops, cooling and solidifying in the falling process, and preparing atomized CuCr alloy powder; wherein, the inert gas adopts high-purity argon with the concentration of 99.99 percent.
4. The process for preparing the consumable electrode for arc melting by using the CuCr alloy powder material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum sintering treatment specific operations of the third step are as follows: heating to 900-950 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1.5-2.5 h.
5. The process for preparing the consumable electrode for arc melting by using the CuCr alloy powder material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum sintering treatment specific operations of the third step are as follows: heating to 450-550 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/min, preheating for 0.5-1 h, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 25 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2 h.
6. The process for preparing the consumable electrode for arc melting by using the CuCr alloy powder material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the smelting in the fourth step is specifically performed by: and smelting the consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc smelting furnace by adopting a mode of 1000-3000A of current and 25-30V of voltage.
7. The process for preparing a consumable electrode for arc melting from CuCr alloy powder material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Cr element is high-purity metal chromium powder with a purity of 99.99%, and the Cu element is high-purity metal copper powder with a purity of 99.99%.
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