CN104889401A - Method for preparing CuCr25 electrical contact - Google Patents
Method for preparing CuCr25 electrical contact Download PDFInfo
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- CN104889401A CN104889401A CN201510274169.0A CN201510274169A CN104889401A CN 104889401 A CN104889401 A CN 104889401A CN 201510274169 A CN201510274169 A CN 201510274169A CN 104889401 A CN104889401 A CN 104889401A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing CuCr25 electrical contact by utilizing the vacuum self-consuming arc-melting technology. The method comprises the steps that 1, qualified Cu powder and Cr powder are selected according to composition proportion of CuCr25 electrical contact materials and mixed; 2, cold isostatic pressing is conducted on the evenly mixed powder; 3, sintering is conducted on a self-consuming electrode which is subject to cold isostatic pressing; 4, self-consuming smelting is conducted on the electrode which is subject to sintering. By means of the method for preparing the CuCr25 electrical contact by utilizing the vacuum self-consuming arc-melting technology, the inclusion problem caused by scaling-off of a crucible in the preparation process of the electrical contact materials through the smelting and casting technology is solved, microstructures of the CuCr25 electrical contact materials in the casting state are refined, the gas content in a casting ingot is reduced, and the alloy casting ingot is purified.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of metal matrix composite, be specifically related to a kind of method utilizing vacuum consumable arc-melting technique to prepare CuCr25 electrical contact.
Background technology
Because contacts for vacuum-break switches has higher requirement to the gas content of copper chromium material and microscopic structure.And chromium is oxytropism element, the extraordinary metallurgical method such as vacuum arc consumable smelting, vacuum induction melting, electronic torch melting, electro-bombardment melting can be used in theory.Vapour pressure due to copper and chromium in practical operation is higher, is difficult to solve high vacuum and electron gun pollution problem.Electronic torch melting should not be used in large-scale production, technically, although vacuum casting method solves subproblem, but the advantage of relative vacuum electric arc melting copper-chromium contact material in electrical property, fusion casting does not still reach the advantage of electric arc consumable smelting method in 40.5KV grade, and mainly in even dispersion, distribution distribution of dendritic is few in copper for chromium average particle size.
Research shows: the CuCr25 electrical contact material prepared by vacuum consumable arc-melting technique, and its microstructure has the advantages that the metallographic structure of Cu, Cr phase is tiny, material air content is low, field trash is few.
The method of the current CuCr25 of preparation contact material comprises: vacuum casting method, mixed powder sintering method, plasma spraying process.Vacuum casting method refers to proportionally carries out proportioning by oxygen-free copper and Cr powder, material good for proportioning is melted and pours into a mould in vaccum sensitive stove, it is low that the CuCr25 contact material that the method is prepared has air content, low cost and other advantages, but the material prepared is because the Inclusion Problem that crucible causes cannot be avoided, and thick Cr dendrite in metallographic microstructure, is had to there is the break performance affecting contact material.
Mixed powder sintering method refers to that the Cu powder of certain particle size according to a certain percentage and Cr powder fully mix under protective atmosphere, compressing, then sinters under protective atmosphere or vacuum.The method technique is simple, and cost is low, but is difficult to ensure to reach densified requirement, and material prepared by the method to have oxide content higher, there is larger pore in microscopic structure, etc. defect.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiency that prior art exists, the object of the invention is to utilize vacuum consumable arc-melting legal system for Cr content at 23%-26% (wt) CuCr electrical contact material, material pore-free, loosen, be mingled with, without macro and micro defects such as Cu, Cr enrichments, and Cu, Cr microstructure is less than 30um.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has come by following technical solution, and a kind of method preparing CuCr25 electrical contact, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) qualified Cu powder is chosen according to CuCr25 electrical contact material composition proportion and Cr powder mixes
Utilize copper billet and chromium block to prepare qualified Cu powder and Cr powder respectively, choose Cu powder and Cr powder according to CuCr25 electrical contact material composition proportion, weight ratio is 74 ~ 77: 23 ~ 26, then by both Homogeneous phase mixing 3 ~ 5h in batch mixer;
2) powder mixed is carried out isostatic cool pressing compacting
By in step 1) in the material composition that mixes put into cold isostatic press, suppress under the pressure of 150 ~ 200Mpa, obtain alloy bar; The cylinder body of this cold isostatic press is the crucible shape cylinder cylindrical shell of top opening, and reinforcing stirrup is housed outside it, and form double shell cylinder body structure, the upper and lower plug in cylinder body is movable, and the axial force of cylinder body is born by framework;
3) consutrode suppressed is sintered
By step 2) in obtain alloy bar be placed in vacuum sintering furnace, at the temperature of 800 ~ 1000 DEG C sinter 80 ~ 100min, obtain alloy electrode; This vacuum sintering furnace is filled with hydrogen shield after evacuation, utilizes Frequency Induction Heating, and the crucible in load coil is graphite crucible; In sintering process, utilize optical fiber infrared radiation thermometer and armoured thermocouple continuous temperature measurement, and by after intelligent temperature control instrument is compared with setting program, select executing state to feed back to intermediate frequency power supply, the height of A.T.C and insulation program;
4) consumable smelting is carried out to the electrode sintered
Alloy electrode after sintering is placed in the water jacketed copper crucible of consumable electrode vacuum furnace, melting is carried out be not less than the vacuum environment of 0.5Pa in vacuum under, melting electric current is not less than 1000A, alloy electrode is molten into alloy molten solution gradually, the alloy molten solution of fusing is by the slag bath process of melting, alloy molten solution is purified, cooling, crystallization is fast realized in the water mold of alloy molten solution instillation afterwards, ingot casting after the crystallization height that rises gradually carries out directional solidification, obtain CuCr25 ingot casting after thorough cooling, finally machined is carried out to CuCr25 ingot casting.
Preferably, step 1) in preparation qualified Cr powder step be
A) be immersed in liquid nitrogen by crome metal particle, carry out low temperature shock grinding simultaneously, the time is 6-8 hour;
B) the hafnium metal powfer ethanol after being ground by low temperature liquid nitrogen washes twice, and each 2 ~ 5min, then dries in vacuum drying oven, finally sieves, and selects-300 ~-500 object chromium powder powder;
C)-300 ~-500 object chromium powder powder are inserted high energy ball mill and carry out ball milling, the abrading-ball in high energy ball mill is sintered carbide ball, and ratio of grinding media to material 15: 1, passes into nitrogen protection in mechanical milling process, and gas flow is 12m
3/ h, rotating speed is 500r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 40 hours, finally obtains qualified Cr powder.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, step 2) in compacting alloy bar be of a size of length L=800mm, outside diameter d=70mm.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, step 3) in alloy bar be placed in vacuum sintering furnace, at the temperature of 900 DEG C, sinter 90min, obtain alloy electrode.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described step 4) in completely fusing after alloy molten solution temperature be 1820 ~ 1880 DEG C.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the purity that the purity of Cu powder used is not less than 99.3%, Cr powder is not less than 99.8%.
The present invention is that isostatic cool pressing is pressed into bar with choosing qualified Cu powder and Cr powder proportionally mixes, and carries out consumable smelting and become alloy cast ingot after sintering.Under the effect of high-temperature electric arc, there is stratiform and disappear and melt and drip to bottom water mold in consutrode rapidly and uniformly, coordinates the peripheral cooldown rate fast of crystallizer to realize solidifying of CuCr25 alloy cast ingot, therefore obtain evenly tiny CuCr alloy structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. founding can be avoided to produce CuCr25 contact material for the CuCr25 contact material prepared by vacuum consumable arc-melting technique because the non-metallic inclusion that when melting, crucible is brought into, the simultaneously effective refinement microstructure of CuCr25 alloy, reduces material gas content.
2. vacuum consumable arc-melting technique is because choose the few Cu powder of the low field trash of gas content and Cr powder prepares consutrode, simultaneously after comsumable melt in water-cooled oxygen-free copper crystallizer crystallization and freezing, avoid with pollution sources contact nonmetal with other to cause occurring being mingled with in metallographic structure; Because consutrode instills after being melted down in water-cooled copper crystallizer and cools fast, high cooling velocity inhibits the segregation of Cu, Cr phase, realizes rapid crystallization thus refinement copper chromium crystalline structure.
3. in consumable smelting process, in the effect and stove of electromagnetic force, the double action of vacuum effectively decreases field trash in material and gas content, alloy cast ingot of having purified.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the edge metallograph of the CuCr25 ingot casting that the inventive method obtains;
Fig. 2 is the edge metallograph at the CuCr25 center that the inventive method obtains.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
Proportionally Cu (wt%): Cr (wt%)=75 (wt) %: 25 (wt) % mixes 4h in batch mixer, in cold isostatic press, the pressure of 180Mpa makes length L=800mm, the alloy bar of outside diameter d=70 sinters 90min at the temperature of 900 DEG C subsequently in vacuum sintering furnace, subsequently the bar after sintering is carried out melting in consumable electrode vacuum furnace, be 1000A to obtain tiny microscopic structure melting size of current, cooling is fast realized in alloy molten solution instillation water mold after fusing, ingot casting after subsequent crystallisation rises height gradually, consutrode feeds gradually from top to bottom and shortens.
Embodiment 2
1) qualified Cu powder is chosen according to CuCr25 electrical contact material composition proportion and Cr powder mixes
Utilize copper billet and chromium block to prepare qualified Cu powder and Cr powder respectively, the purity that the purity of Cu powder used is not less than 99.3%, Cr powder is not less than 99.8%; Choose Cu powder and Cr powder according to CuCr25 electrical contact material composition proportion, weight ratio is 74 ~ 77: 23 ~ 26, then by both Homogeneous phase mixing 3 ~ 5h in batch mixer;
2) powder mixed is carried out isostatic cool pressing compacting
By in step 1) in the material composition that mixes put into cold isostatic press, suppress under the pressure of 150 ~ 200Mpa, obtain alloy bar, the alloy bar of compacting is of a size of length L=800mm, outside diameter d=70mm; The cylinder body of this cold isostatic press is the crucible shape cylinder cylindrical shell of top opening, and reinforcing stirrup is housed outside it, and form double shell cylinder body structure, the upper and lower plug in cylinder body is movable, and the axial force of cylinder body is born by framework;
3) consutrode suppressed is sintered
By step 2) in obtain alloy bar be placed in vacuum sintering furnace, at the temperature of 800 ~ 1000 DEG C sinter 80 ~ 100min, obtain alloy electrode; This vacuum sintering furnace is filled with hydrogen shield after evacuation, utilizes Frequency Induction Heating, and the crucible in load coil is graphite crucible; In sintering process, utilize optical fiber infrared radiation thermometer and armoured thermocouple continuous temperature measurement, and by after intelligent temperature control instrument is compared with setting program, select executing state to feed back to intermediate frequency power supply, the height of A.T.C and insulation program;
4) consumable smelting is carried out to the electrode sintered
Alloy electrode after sintering is placed in the water jacketed copper crucible of consumable electrode vacuum furnace, melting is carried out be not less than the vacuum environment of 0.5Pa in vacuum under, melting electric current is not less than 1000A, and alloy electrode is molten into alloy molten solution gradually, and the alloy molten solution temperature completely after fusing is 1820 ~ 1880 DEG C; The alloy molten solution of fusing is by the slag bath process of melting, alloy molten solution is purified, cooling, crystallization is fast realized in the water mold of alloy molten solution instillation afterwards, ingot casting after the crystallization height that rises gradually carries out directional solidification, obtain CuCr25 ingot casting after thorough cooling, finally machined is carried out to CuCr25 ingot casting.
Set temperature sensor on described water mold, type is thermocouple sensing.The sensitivity of thermocouple is hot spot variations in temperature 1 DEG C, the variable quantity of output potential difference be 10 ~ 20 microvolts/DEG C between.
In above-described embodiment, step 1) in the step of the qualified Cr powder of preparation be
A) be immersed in liquid nitrogen by crome metal particle, carry out low temperature shock grinding simultaneously, the time is 6-8 hour;
B) the hafnium metal powfer ethanol after being ground by low temperature liquid nitrogen washes twice, and each 2 ~ 5min, then dries in vacuum drying oven, finally sieves, and selects-300 ~-500 object chromium powder powder;
C)-300 ~-500 object chromium powder powder are inserted high energy ball mill and carry out ball milling, the abrading-ball in high energy ball mill is sintered carbide ball, and ratio of grinding media to material 15: 1, passes into nitrogen protection in mechanical milling process, and gas flow is 12m
3/ h, rotating speed is 500r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 40 hours, finally obtains qualified Cr powder.
See Fig. 1 and 2, the CuCr25 contact material prepared by vacuum consumable arc-melting technique founding can be avoided to produce CuCr25 contact material because fusing time the crucible non-metallic inclusion brought into, the effective refinement microstructure of CuCr25 alloy.
Each step in the inventive method is all optimal selections, can realize the optimal effectiveness of the inventive method.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, and be not restriction the present invention being made to other form, any those skilled in the art may utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to be changed or be modified as the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations.But everyly do not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling done above embodiment according to technical spirit of the present invention, still belong to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. prepare a method for CuCr25 electrical contact, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) qualified Cu powder is chosen according to CuCr25 electrical contact material composition proportion and Cr powder mixes
Utilize copper billet and chromium block to prepare qualified Cu powder and Cr powder respectively, choose Cu powder and Cr powder according to CuCr25 electrical contact material composition proportion, weight ratio is 74 ~ 77: 23 ~ 26, then by both Homogeneous phase mixing 3 ~ 5h in batch mixer;
2) powder mixed is carried out isostatic cool pressing compacting
By in step 1) in the material composition that mixes put into cold isostatic press, suppress under the pressure of 150 ~ 200Mpa, obtain alloy bar; The cylinder body of this cold isostatic press is the crucible shape cylinder cylindrical shell of top opening, and reinforcing stirrup is housed outside it, and form double shell cylinder body structure, the upper and lower plug in cylinder body is movable, and the axial force of cylinder body is born by framework;
3) consutrode suppressed is sintered
By step 2) in obtain alloy bar be placed in vacuum sintering furnace, at the temperature of 800 ~ 1000 DEG C sinter 80 ~ 100min, obtain alloy electrode; This vacuum sintering furnace is filled with hydrogen shield after evacuation, utilizes Frequency Induction Heating, and the crucible in load coil is graphite crucible; In sintering process, utilize optical fiber infrared radiation thermometer and armoured thermocouple continuous temperature measurement, and by after intelligent temperature control instrument is compared with setting program, select executing state to feed back to intermediate frequency power supply, the height of A.T.C and insulation program;
4) consumable smelting is carried out to the electrode sintered
Alloy electrode after sintering is placed in the water jacketed copper crucible of consumable electrode vacuum furnace, melting is carried out be not less than the vacuum environment of 0.5Pa in vacuum under, melting electric current is not less than 1000A, alloy electrode is molten into alloy molten solution gradually, the alloy molten solution of fusing is by the slag bath process of melting, alloy molten solution is purified, cooling, crystallization is fast realized in the water mold of alloy molten solution instillation afterwards, ingot casting after the crystallization height that rises gradually carries out directional solidification, obtain CuCr25 ingot casting after thorough cooling, finally machined is carried out to CuCr25 ingot casting.
2. the method preparing CuCr25 electrical contact according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 1) in preparation qualified Cr powder step be
A) be immersed in liquid nitrogen by crome metal particle, carry out low temperature shock grinding simultaneously, the time is 6-8 hour;
B) the hafnium metal powfer ethanol after being ground by low temperature liquid nitrogen washes twice, and each 2 ~ 5min, then dries in vacuum drying oven, finally sieves, and selects-300 ~-500 object chromium powder powder;
C)-300 ~-500 object chromium powder powder are inserted high energy ball mill and carry out ball milling, the abrading-ball in high energy ball mill is sintered carbide ball, and ratio of grinding media to material 15: 1, passes into nitrogen protection in mechanical milling process, and gas flow is 12m
3/ h, rotating speed is 500r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 40 hours, finally obtains qualified Cr powder.
3. the method preparing CuCr25 electrical contact according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that step 2) in compacting alloy bar be of a size of length L=800mm, outside diameter d=70mm.
4. the method preparing CuCr25 electrical contact according to claim 3, is characterized in that step 3) in alloy bar be placed in vacuum sintering furnace, at the temperature of 900 DEG C, sinter 90min, obtain alloy electrode.
5. the method preparing CuCr25 electrical contact according to claim 4, is characterized in that described step 4) in completely fusing after alloy molten solution temperature be 1820 ~ 1880 DEG C.
6. the method preparing CuCr25 electrical contact according to claim 5, is characterized in that the purity that the purity of Cu powder used is not less than 99.3%, Cr powder is not less than 99.8%.
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| CN106350683A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-25 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing CuCr contact materials by means of vacuum self-consuming arc melting |
| CN106498205A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-03-15 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of manufacture method of the CuCr alloys of large scale high-compactness high uniformity |
| CN106676517A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-17 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing copper-chromium composite contact material through electron beam cladding process |
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| CN110842208A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-02-28 | 南方科技大学 | Method for recycling copper-chromium contact waste |
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| CN115323217A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-11 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of low-cost CuCr25 contact material |
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| CN106350683A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-25 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing CuCr contact materials by means of vacuum self-consuming arc melting |
| CN106498205A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-03-15 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of manufacture method of the CuCr alloys of large scale high-compactness high uniformity |
| CN106498205B (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-03-09 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of manufacture method of the CuCr alloys of large scale high-compactness high uniformity |
| CN106676517A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-17 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing copper-chromium composite contact material through electron beam cladding process |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: 710077 Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Yanta District fish of the village fish bucket Road No. 273 Applicant after: SHAANXI SIRUI ADVANCED MATERIALS CO., LTD. Address before: 710077 Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Yanta District fish of the village fish bucket Road No. 273 Applicant before: Shaanxi Sirui Industries Co., Ltd. |
|
| COR | Change of bibliographic data | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: 710077 high tech Zone, Shaanxi, Xi'an Zhang Road No. 87, No. 12 Applicant after: SHAANXI SIRUI ADVANCED MATERIALS CO., LTD. Address before: 710077 Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Yanta District fish of the village fish bucket Road No. 273 Applicant before: SHAANXI SIRUI ADVANCED MATERIALS CO., LTD. |
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| COR | Change of bibliographic data | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20150909 |