CN115349390A - Method for treating water and soil loss source of loess hilly barren mountains - Google Patents

Method for treating water and soil loss source of loess hilly barren mountains Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115349390A
CN115349390A CN202210944940.0A CN202210944940A CN115349390A CN 115349390 A CN115349390 A CN 115349390A CN 202210944940 A CN202210944940 A CN 202210944940A CN 115349390 A CN115349390 A CN 115349390A
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plate
slope
planting
crescent
nursery
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CN202210944940.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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刘荣国
刘才洋
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00Forestry
    • A01G23/02Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
    • A01G23/04Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G27/00Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40Afforestation or reforestation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of environmental management, in particular to a method for managing water and soil loss sources of loess hills and barren mountains, which adopts a forest cultivation plate, wherein the forest cultivation plate is in a semi-cylindrical shape cut into a wedge shape, and the method comprises the following steps: s1, fixedly arranging a plurality of forest cultivating plates on slope surfaces of barren mountains and/or hills, wherein one obliquely arranged side of each forest cultivating plate is attached to the slope surface, so that crescent-shaped pits are formed between the inner side walls of the forest cultivating plates and the slope surfaces; s2, drilling planting holes in the slope surface in the crescent pits, wherein the depth of the planting holes is determined according to the space required by the root system development of the nursery stock to be planted; after the planting holes are drilled, the nursery stock is planted in each planting hole.

Description

Method for treating water and soil loss source of loess hilly barren mountains
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental management, in particular to a method for managing water and soil loss sources of a loess hilly barren mountain.
Background
The loess hilly barren mountain area is generally dry and has serious water and soil loss, for example, the southern and northern mountains in Lanzhou of China belong to loess plateau areas, the average precipitation for many years is about 319.6 mm, and the evaporation is about 1446.4 mm. In recent years, the afforestation has been started in many countries to improve the environment and control the water and soil loss.
However, the inventor has noticed that the conventional method for treating water and soil loss of loess hilly barren mountains mainly adopts a mode of digging a horizontal platform to plant trees, and utilizes a mode of combining electric power lifting irrigation and pit irrigation to irrigate and replenish water, wherein about 1 month is a rotation irrigation period. Researches show that the excavation horizontal table tree planting has a plurality of problems, firstly, the excavation and later maintenance costs are huge, the excavation cost per mu is usually about 900 yuan, usually, dredging needs to be carried out once every three years, and the cost per mu is usually about 300 yuan; secondly, the original vegetation is greatly damaged, the gentle part of the mountain is usually damaged by about 60 to 70 percent, the steep part is usually damaged by about 100 percent, and the vegetation can be recovered after 3 to 5 years even if the rain is good; thirdly, the environment is damaged, dust flies when the soil is excavated, and the dust flies when the soil is blown out at ordinary times; fourthly, the evaporation capacity of water in the barren mountains is increased, the evaporation capacity of water in the barren mountains and hills of loess is large, vegetation is damaged once a horizontal table is excavated, the exposed loess is exposed outside, and the evaporation capacity is larger; fifthly, after the excavation of the horizontal platform is finished, the soil of the place where the tree is planted is immature soil, nursery stocks are not easy to survive, the tree is not easy to grow, the tree is not easy to die every year after being planted, a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed, and the labor and the time are saved.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a method for treating the source of water and soil loss of the loess hilly barren mountains, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for treating water and soil loss sources of loess hills and barren mountains, which adopts a forest cultivation plate, wherein the forest cultivation plate is in a semi-cylindrical shape cut into a wedge shape, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, fixedly arranging a plurality of forest cultivation plates on slope surfaces of barren mountains and/or hills, wherein one side of each forest cultivation plate which is obliquely arranged is attached to the slope surface, so that crescent pits are formed between the inner side walls of the forest cultivation plates and the slope surfaces;
s2, drilling planting holes in the slope surface in the crescent-shaped pits, wherein the depth of the planting holes is determined according to the space required by the root system development of the nursery stock to be planted; after the planting holes are drilled, the nursery stock is planted in each planting hole.
Optionally, the method further comprises the following steps:
and S3, after the nursery stock is planted into the planting hole, drilling seepage-promoting holes at the two sides of the planting hole and close to the inner side wall of the forest cultivation plate, inserting one end of a seepage-promoting pipe below the surface layer of the slope from the seepage-promoting holes, wherein the seepage-promoting pipe is used for introducing water accumulated in the crescent pits below the surface layer of the slope.
Further optionally, the permeation promoting pipe is a straight pipe, both ends of the permeation promoting pipe are sealed, a plurality of through holes are formed in the positions, close to the side walls of the both ends, of the straight pipe, the aperture of the through hole in the position, at one end, of the permeation promoting pipe, extending into the permeation promoting hole, of the side wall of the permeation promoting pipe is larger than that of the through hole in the position, at the other end, of the permeation promoting pipe, and the end, at one end, extending into the permeation promoting hole, of the permeation promoting pipe is conical.
Optionally, the lower edge of the nursery sheet is serrated.
Optionally, educate the inside drainage plate that is equipped with the crescent along the inside wall of woods board, the upper surface of drainage plate is wavy, and the drainage plate is on a parallel with the last border setting of educating the woods board.
Optionally, the planting holes are arranged vertically or slightly inclined to the horizontal plane.
Optionally, the nursery stock is a container nursery stock.
Optionally, in S1, a plurality of forest raising boards are fixedly arranged on the slope of the barren mountain and/or hilly land, specifically:
after the bearing plate is placed on the slope surface, a steel nail is nailed into the lowest point and the two highest points of the side wall of the bearing plate respectively, and the steel nails are nailed into the surface layer of the slope surface to a certain depth, so that the bearing plate is fixedly connected with the slope surface.
Optionally, in S2, after the nursery stock is planted in the planting hole, a plastic film is covered on the top of the crescent-shaped pit.
Optionally, in S2, after the nursery stock is planted in the planting hole, sand with a height of about 10cm is covered on the bottom in the crescent-shaped pit.
Compared with the prior art, the method for treating the water and soil loss source of the loess hilly wasteland provided by the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the original vegetation of the mountain is damaged little, even basically not damaged; has the function of preserving soil moisture, and can prolong the rotation irrigation period; rainwater can be effectively retained, and surface runoff is prevented from being formed to scour mountains; the seepage promoting pipe can promote the accumulated water retained in the crescent-shaped pit to quickly permeate to the surface of the mountain below 1m, so that the soil conservation effect is achieved; the construction is convenient, and only the reinforcing steel bar is nailed into the mountain.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a nursery sheet according to the method of example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the overall effect of the method of embodiment 1 after installing a nursery sheet in an actual use scene;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section effect diagram after planting in an actual use scene by the method of embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a nursery sheet in accordance with the method of example 2 of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the overall effect of the method of embodiment 2 of the present application after installing a nursery sheet in an actual use scene;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the structure of the permeation enhancer tube 4 in the method of example 2 of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal section effect diagram after planting in an actual use scene by the method of embodiment 2 of the present application;
FIG. 8 is an isometric view of a nursery sheet in accordance with the method of example 3 of the present application;
fig. 9 is a diagram of the overall effect of the method of embodiment 3 of the present application after installing the nursery sheet in an actual use scene.
In the figure: 1-a forest cultivating plate, 2-a slope, 3-seedlings, 4-a penetration promoting pipe, 5-reinforcing steel bars, 6-planting holes, 7-a penetration promoting hole, 8-a fixing hole and 9-a drainage plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for treating a source of water and soil loss in a loess hilly barren mountain, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, comprising the following steps:
firstly, combining a forest cultivation plate 1 to manufacture fish scale pits; the forest cultivating plate 1 is designed according to the slope of a mountain, is tightly combined with the mountain and forms a crescent pit together with the mountain in the plate, and is in a semi-cylindrical shape cut into a wedge shape; the plate body of the forest cultivation plate 1 is vertical to the horizontal plane, the plate top is parallel to the horizontal plane, one side of the forest cultivation plate 1 which is obliquely arranged is attached to the slope surface 2, and a crescent pit is formed between the inner side wall of the forest cultivation plate 1 and the slope surface; in actual construction, a steel bar 5 can be obliquely pressed into two sides of the top of the forest cultivation plate 1, the steel bar 5 is pressed into the bottom of the forest cultivation plate 1, three steel bars 5 penetrate through the forest cultivation plate 1 and are nailed into the ground below the surface layer of the slope surface 2 to a certain depth, the forest cultivation plate is firmly fixed on the slope surface 2, specifically, fixing holes 8 vertical to or slightly inclined to the slope surface 2 are formed in the side walls of two sides and the outer wall of the bottom of the forest cultivation plate 1, and the steel bars 5 are inserted into the fixing holes 8 and are nailed into the ground;
secondly, drilling a planting hole 6 vertically or slightly outwards inclined to the horizontal plane in the crescent pit for planting the nursery stock 3, wherein the aperture and the depth of the planting hole 6 are determined according to the space required by the root system development of the nursery stock 3 to be planted, and a drill bit with a corresponding size can be selected according to the actual situation; the nursery stock 3 adopts container seedlings, which is convenient to plant, has high survival rate, does not limit the planting time and can be planted in any season; after the trees are planted, appropriate planting soil is filled into the crescent-shaped pits;
in actual operation, a plastic film can be covered on the top of the crescent-shaped pit for the purpose of moisture preservation (not shown in the attached drawings).
Example 2
This example provides a method for treating the source of water and soil loss in loess hilly wasteland, as shown in fig. 4-7, the steps are basically the same as those of example 1, except that,
the lower edge of the forest cultivation plate 1 is in a sawtooth shape, as shown in figure 4, the design can increase the friction force between the forest cultivation plate and the slope surface of the mountain, so that the combination of the forest cultivation plate and the mountain is more compact and firm;
in the second step, the method further comprises the following steps:
the method is characterized in that a position, close to the inner side wall of a nursery board 1, of two sides of a planted nursery stock 3 in a crescent-shaped pit is perpendicular to a slope surface 2 or slightly inclines outwards to form a penetration promoting hole 7, a penetration promoting pipe 4 is inserted into the penetration promoting hole, and the penetration promoting pipe 4 is mainly used for guiding rainwater accumulated in the pit to the position 1m underground and penetrating into the position below the surface layer of the slope surface 2 to achieve the effect of conserving soil; through holes are formed in the side walls of two ends of the permeation promoting pipe 4, wherein the through hole, namely the upper hole, at one end outside the permeation promoting hole 7 is used for water inflow, the pipe body stores water, and the through hole, namely the lower hole, at one end inside the permeation promoting hole 7 is used for water permeation to the position below the surface layer of the slope 2; water is not directly fed from the upper end of the permeation promoting pipe 4 so as to prevent impurities from entering and reduce evaporation loss; the aperture of the through hole at the side wall of one end of the permeation promoting pipe 4 extending into the permeation promoting hole 7 is larger than that of the through hole at the side wall of the other end, namely, the aperture of the lower hole of the permeation promoting pipe 4 is larger than that of the upper hole, the aperture of the upper hole is smaller, so that sundries can be prevented from entering the permeation promoting pipe 4 to influence the functions of the permeation promoting pipe, the aperture of the lower hole is larger, the rapid and sufficient water flow release is more convenient, and the water flow can more sufficiently permeate into the ground; it should be noted that, as shown in fig. 7, when burying the planting soil, attention is needed to be paid so as not to cover the end part of the permeation promoting pipe and prevent the water permeation from being blocked;
in actual operation, sand with the height of about 10cm can be coated on the bottom of the crescent pit to achieve the purpose of moisturizing (not shown in the attached drawings).
Example 3
This example provides a method for treating the source of water and soil loss in loess hilly wasteland, as shown in fig. 8-9, the steps are basically the same as those of example 2, except that,
the drainage plate 9 of crescent still is equipped with along the inside wall in the board 1 of educating woods, as shown in fig. 8, and the upper surface of drainage plate 9 is wavy, and the drainage plate 9 is on a parallel with the last border setting of the board 1 of educating woods, and its effect lies in holding back the rainwater of vertical whereabouts mainly, prevents that the rainwater from educating outside the board of educating from the juncture of the board 1 bottom of educating woods and slope 2 straight from top to bottom.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. The method for treating the water and soil loss source of the loess hills and barren mountains is characterized in that a forest cultivation plate is adopted, the forest cultivation plate is cut into a wedge-shaped semi-cylindrical shape, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, fixedly arranging a plurality of forest cultivation plates on the slope surface of a barren mountain and/or a hilly land, wherein one side of each forest cultivation plate which is obliquely arranged is attached to the slope surface, so that a crescent pit is formed between the inner side wall of each forest cultivation plate and the slope surface;
s2, drilling planting holes in the slope surface in the crescent pits, wherein the depth of the planting holes is determined according to the space required by the root system development of the seedlings to be planted; and after the planting holes are drilled, planting nursery stocks into the planting holes.
2. The method for treating the source of water and soil loss in loess hilly wasteland as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
and S3, after the nursery stock is planted into the planting hole, drilling seepage-promoting holes at the positions, close to the inner side wall of the forest culture plate, of two sides of the planting hole, inserting one end of a seepage-promoting pipe into the position below the surface layer of the slope from the seepage-promoting holes, wherein the seepage-promoting pipe is used for introducing water accumulated in the crescent pits into the position below the surface layer of the slope.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the infiltration promoting pipe is a straight pipe with two closed ends and a plurality of through holes on the side wall near the two ends, the diameter of the through hole on the side wall of one end of the infiltration promoting pipe extending into the infiltration promoting pipe is larger than that of the through hole on the side wall of the other end, and the end of the infiltration promoting pipe extending into the infiltration promoting pipe is conical.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the infiltration promoting holes are arranged perpendicular to the slope and 1-1.3 m deep.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper edge of the said nursery board is horizontally arranged and the side wall of the said nursery board is vertically arranged.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower edge of the nursery sheet is serrated.
7. The method for treating the source of water and soil loss of loess hilly wasteland as claimed in claim 1, wherein a crescent-shaped drainage plate is provided inside the said nursery sock growing plate along the inner sidewall, the upper surface of said drainage plate is wavy, and said drainage plate is provided parallel to the upper edge of said nursery sock growing plate.
8. The method for treating the source of water and soil loss in the loess hilly land as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, a plurality of said forest cultivation plates are fixedly arranged on the slope of the hilly land and/or hilly land, specifically:
after the afforestation plate is placed on a slope surface, a piece of steel nail is nailed into the lowest point and the two highest points of the side wall of the afforestation plate respectively, and the steel nails are nailed into the surface layer of the slope surface to a certain depth, so that the afforestation plate is fixedly connected with the slope surface.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, after the nursery stock is planted in the planting hole, a plastic film is covered on the top of the crescent-shaped hole.
10. The method for treating the source of water and soil loss in loess hilly wasteland as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, after said nursery stock is planted in said planting hole, sand with a height of about 10cm is covered on the bottom of said crescent pit.
CN202210944940.0A 2022-08-08 2022-08-08 Method for treating water and soil loss source of loess hilly barren mountains Pending CN115349390A (en)

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Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2678346Y (en) * 2004-02-13 2005-02-16 西北农林科技大学 Runoff infiltration promoting pipe for hillside fields
CN105210494A (en) * 2015-10-20 2016-01-06 宝鸡市林业科学研究所 Loess steep slope is mixed hands over Afforestation method
CN105724202A (en) * 2016-04-22 2016-07-06 北华大学 Water-fertilizer replenishing device straight to root of tree
CN206043005U (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-03-29 北京市政路桥管理养护集团有限公司 It is a kind of to ooze pipe for green area irrigation
CN206888131U (en) * 2017-05-23 2018-01-16 王生贵 A kind of domatic water and soil conservation of terraced fields rush of damming oozes device
CN207099966U (en) * 2017-09-05 2018-03-16 邢台时雨绿化工程有限公司 A kind of deserted mountain hills afforestation forest cultivation plate
CN208884680U (en) * 2018-09-07 2019-05-21 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 A kind of anatonosis prefabricated component
CN209449217U (en) * 2018-12-19 2019-10-01 杭州市园林绿化股份有限公司 A kind of multi-functional buried soakaway trench
CN111713294A (en) * 2020-06-19 2020-09-29 北京地格生态环境科技有限公司 Soil fixing plate, plant planting device and using method of planting device
CN211816177U (en) * 2020-03-26 2020-10-30 三门峡市水利勘测设计有限责任公司 Prevent soil erosion and water conservancy grid of soil erosion and water loss
CN111851532A (en) * 2020-07-20 2020-10-30 河南城建学院 Improved expansive soil high and steep slope structure
CN215421995U (en) * 2021-08-19 2022-01-07 南京市园林经济开发有限责任公司 Protection device is used in gardens of prevention soil erosion and water loss
CN217038243U (en) * 2021-12-16 2022-07-26 宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所(宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室) Afforestation structure for increasing survival rate of afforestation in mountainous regions in arid regions and promoting growth of trees

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2678346Y (en) * 2004-02-13 2005-02-16 西北农林科技大学 Runoff infiltration promoting pipe for hillside fields
CN105210494A (en) * 2015-10-20 2016-01-06 宝鸡市林业科学研究所 Loess steep slope is mixed hands over Afforestation method
CN105724202A (en) * 2016-04-22 2016-07-06 北华大学 Water-fertilizer replenishing device straight to root of tree
CN206043005U (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-03-29 北京市政路桥管理养护集团有限公司 It is a kind of to ooze pipe for green area irrigation
CN206888131U (en) * 2017-05-23 2018-01-16 王生贵 A kind of domatic water and soil conservation of terraced fields rush of damming oozes device
CN207099966U (en) * 2017-09-05 2018-03-16 邢台时雨绿化工程有限公司 A kind of deserted mountain hills afforestation forest cultivation plate
CN208884680U (en) * 2018-09-07 2019-05-21 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 A kind of anatonosis prefabricated component
CN209449217U (en) * 2018-12-19 2019-10-01 杭州市园林绿化股份有限公司 A kind of multi-functional buried soakaway trench
CN211816177U (en) * 2020-03-26 2020-10-30 三门峡市水利勘测设计有限责任公司 Prevent soil erosion and water conservancy grid of soil erosion and water loss
CN111713294A (en) * 2020-06-19 2020-09-29 北京地格生态环境科技有限公司 Soil fixing plate, plant planting device and using method of planting device
CN111851532A (en) * 2020-07-20 2020-10-30 河南城建学院 Improved expansive soil high and steep slope structure
CN215421995U (en) * 2021-08-19 2022-01-07 南京市园林经济开发有限责任公司 Protection device is used in gardens of prevention soil erosion and water loss
CN217038243U (en) * 2021-12-16 2022-07-26 宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所(宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室) Afforestation structure for increasing survival rate of afforestation in mountainous regions in arid regions and promoting growth of trees

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