CN115340482B - 一种布立西坦的合成方法 - Google Patents
一种布立西坦的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115340482B CN115340482B CN202211028336.XA CN202211028336A CN115340482B CN 115340482 B CN115340482 B CN 115340482B CN 202211028336 A CN202211028336 A CN 202211028336A CN 115340482 B CN115340482 B CN 115340482B
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- brivaracetam
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- MSYKRHVOOPPJKU-BDAKNGLRSA-N brivaracetam Chemical compound CCC[C@H]1CN([C@@H](CC)C(N)=O)C(=O)C1 MSYKRHVOOPPJKU-BDAKNGLRSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229960002161 brivaracetam Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical group ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 sodium triacetoxyborohydride Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid Chemical group CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical group [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012321 sodium triacetoxyborohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006273 (C1-C3) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N([Na])[Si](C)(C)C WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanoborohydride Chemical compound [Na+].[B-]C#N BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- QAZLUNIWYYOJPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfenamide Chemical class [Cl-].COC1=C(C)C=[N+]2C3=NC4=CC=C(OC)C=C4N3SCC2=C1C QAZLUNIWYYOJPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 14
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 7
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanal Chemical compound CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=O HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- HPHUVLMMVZITSG-ZCFIWIBFSA-N levetiracetam Chemical compound CC[C@H](C(N)=O)N1CCCC1=O HPHUVLMMVZITSG-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960004002 levetiracetam Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-VKHMYHEASA-N (-)-Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClC[C@H]1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 3
- AKSLRYGHJVUELA-GSVOUGTGSA-N (2r)-2-bromobutanamide Chemical compound CC[C@@H](Br)C(N)=O AKSLRYGHJVUELA-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N ethyl (e)-3-[3-amino-2-cyano-1-[(e)-3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\SC(=C(C#N)C(N)=O)S\C=C\C(=O)OCC NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- CESUXLKAADQNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butanesulfinamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S(N)=O CESUXLKAADQNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HNNJFUDLLWOVKZ-VKHMYHEASA-N (2s)-2-aminobutanamide Chemical compound CC[C@H](N)C(N)=O HNNJFUDLLWOVKZ-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 2
- NVTUTJMZAZZKAZ-ZCFIWIBFSA-N (4r)-4-propyloxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCC[C@H]1COC(=O)C1 NVTUTJMZAZZKAZ-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HTSGKJQDMSTCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylbutane-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C(C(=O)C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)CC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 HTSGKJQDMSTCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LTMRRSWNXVJMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2,2-diethylpropanedioate Chemical compound CCC(CC)(C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O LTMRRSWNXVJMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- YEDUAINPPJYDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybenzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(O)=NC2=C1 YEDUAINPPJYDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNTKZYQUFRHQKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propyloxane-2,6-dione Chemical compound CCCC1CC(=O)OC(=O)C1 LNTKZYQUFRHQKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011914 asymmetric synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxybenzotriazole Substances O=C1C=CC=C2NNN=C12 NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940117803 phenethylamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyrrole Natural products C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- YAQLSKVCTLCIIE-GSVOUGTGSA-N (2r)-2-bromobutanoic acid Chemical compound CC[C@@H](Br)C(O)=O YAQLSKVCTLCIIE-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCBVCRLVTCSQAG-ZCFIWIBFSA-N (4r)-4-propylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCC[C@H]1CNC(=O)C1 NCBVCRLVTCSQAG-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trichloro-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O YRIZYWQGELRKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYGCVPMEMBXPSM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfinamide Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C([S@](N)=O)C(C)=C1 TYGCVPMEMBXPSM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKSLRYGHJVUELA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromobutanamide Chemical compound CCC(Br)C(N)=O AKSLRYGHJVUELA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWJSQKNYHPYZRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-2-sulfonamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S(N)(=O)=O GWJSQKNYHPYZRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKKFQOPIRHHEGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylsulfinyl-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S(=O)C(C)(C)C HKKFQOPIRHHEGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDPVOERMBGQAKQ-SNVBAGLBSA-N 3-ethylpentane-3-sulfinamide Chemical compound CCC(CC)(CC)[S@](N)=O DDPVOERMBGQAKQ-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNJDSRPIGAUCEE-SNVBAGLBSA-N 4-methylbenzenesulfinamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([S@](N)=O)C=C1 YNJDSRPIGAUCEE-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBDVMHLKEBXUQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxy-4-propyl-3h-furan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC1=C(O)OC(=O)C1 ZBDVMHLKEBXUQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010067484 Adverse reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010010904 Convulsion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100027731 Endogenous retrovirus group K member 16 Rec protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 101000580913 Homo sapiens Endogenous retrovirus group K member 16 Rec protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QWCKQJZIFLGMSD-VKHMYHEASA-N L-alpha-aminobutyric acid Chemical class CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O QWCKQJZIFLGMSD-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010061334 Partial seizures Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006923 Schmidt rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005842 biochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- IYYIVELXUANFED-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromo(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Br IYYIVELXUANFED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanamide Chemical compound CCCC(N)=O DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N caproic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010568 chiral column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007012 clinical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- DGJMPUGMZIKDRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanoacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CC#N DGJMPUGMZIKDRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FZNZMKYHAARKOO-XNCJUZBTSA-N ethyl (1s,5r)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1OC(=O)[C@]2(C(=O)OCC)[C@H]1C2 FZNZMKYHAARKOO-XNCJUZBTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZVJPBPAJMKQEC-JAMMHHFISA-N ethyl (4R)-2-oxo-4-propyloxolane-3-carboxylate Chemical compound C(CC)[C@@H]1C(C(OC1)=O)C(=O)OCC HZVJPBPAJMKQEC-JAMMHHFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl chloroformate Chemical compound CCOC(Cl)=O RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JXYZHMPRERWTPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;morpholine;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C1COCCN1 JXYZHMPRERWTPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D207/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/24—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D207/26—2-Pyrrolidones
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- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/60—Two oxygen atoms, e.g. succinic anhydride
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- C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种布立西坦的合成方法,巧妙地使用5‑羟基‑4‑丙基呋喃‑2‑酮与手性亚磺酰胺衍生物反应,制备得到具有天然立体结构的中间体化合物,其结构中的烯键可被选择性还原为(4R)构型,经水解生成具有内酰胺环4R手性中心的关键中间体,进而合成得到布立西坦。本发明方法规避了布立西坦合成中手性色谱柱的使用及化学拆分的操作,所用试剂常规易得,溶剂用量少、反应条件温和、非常利于产业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物合成领域,具体涉及一种布立西坦的合成方法。
背景技术
布立西坦(Brivaracetam,简称BRV,商品名为),化学名为(S)-2-((R)-2-氧代-4-丙基吡咯烷-1-基)丁酰胺,是比利时优时比制药公司(UCB)研发的第3代抗癫痫药物,于2016年分别获得欧洲医药管理局(EMA)和美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准,用于成年人局灶性癫痫发作的辅助治疗,并于2016年2月可用于口服和静脉注射制剂被引入德国市场。
布立西坦与左乙拉西坦结构非常类似,是在左乙拉西坦结构中的吡咯烷4号位上连接了一个R构型的丙基。作用机制也与左乙拉西坦相同,均为通过与脑内突出囊泡蛋白(SV2A)结合,影响突触功能调节神经递质释放来发挥抗癫痫作用。但布立西坦的临床效果明显优于左乙拉西坦,且耐受性好、不良反应轻。
布立西坦作为小分子药物,结构较为简单,其分子结构中含有(2S,4R)两个手性中心,其中2S手性中心可以直接从L-2-氨基丁酸的衍生物引入,其合成的关键点在于内酰胺环4R手性中心的构建。目前关于布立西坦的合成文献报道较多,根据4R手性中心的构建方法,我们可以将其分为三大类:手性柱拆分路线、化学拆分路线和不对称合成路线。但这些合成路线均存在一定的缺陷:
1、手性柱拆分路线
手性柱拆分路线是先合成4位外消旋的混合物,再用手性柱拆分得到4R构型的布立西坦。如Bourguignon等人([1]Bourguignon J.J.,Schoenfelder A.,Schmitt M.,etal.Analogues of 7-Hydroxy butyric Acid.Synthesis and Binding Studies[J].J.Med.Chem.,1988,31:893-897.[2]Bourguignon J.J.,Wermuth C.G.Lactonechemistry:Synthesis ofβ-substituted,γ-functionalized butan-and butenolidesand succinaldehydic acids from glyoxylic acid[J].J.Org.Chem.,1981,46:889-4894.)报道了一条简洁的布立西坦合成路线。正戊醛(1-2)与乙醛酸(1-3)在吗啉盐酸盐的作用下经羟醛缩合,再发生酯化反应得化合物(1-4),(1-4)与(S)-2-氨基丁酰胺经氨解与加成等反应生成化合物(1-5),而后经还原得到(1-6),最后用手性柱拆分对映体得布立西坦(1-1):
该路线步骤简短,原料廉价易得,操作方便,但最后需要用手性柱色谱分离才能得到目标化合物,操作繁琐、物料及溶剂规模大,不易于工业化生产。
2、化学拆分路线
化学拆分路线中,由于布立西坦的拆分手性中心位于(4R),分子内不含常规可供拆分基团,因此需先引入可供拆分的基团,通过化学拆分得到所需构型后,再经一系列反应得到目标化合物。如CN106748950中,先用正戊醛和乙醛酸经一系列反应制得化合物B-IV,其在异丙醇中用R-苯乙胺拆分得到4R构型的化合物B-VI,分子结构中的羧酸再经氨解成酰胺制得布立西坦,具体路线见下图。
该路线步骤简单,原料廉价易得,且均为常规操作,但化学拆分物料损失大,溶剂用量大且操作繁琐,同时B-IV的拆分基团离手性中心较远,拆分难度大,具体效果有待验证。
3、不对称合成路线
布立西坦的不对称合成主流路线为先合成关键手性中间体(R)-4-丙基-二氢呋喃-2-酮,其再与(S)-2-胺基-丁酰胺反应生成目标化合物。如CN106279074中,(R)-环氧氯丙烷(36)在甲醇钠作用下与丙二酸二乙酯(37)反应得到(1S,5R)-2-氧代-3-氧杂双环[3,1,0]-己烷-1-甲酸乙酯(38),38与乙基溴化镁选择性开环得(4R)-4-丙基-2-氧代四氢呋喃-3-甲酸乙酯(39),然后在氯化锂作用下水解脱羧得关键中间体(R)-4-丙基二氢呋喃-2-酮(40),40可通过两条途径得到终产品1:1)40在三甲基溴硅烷和乙醇作用下开环得(R)-3-溴甲基己酸乙酯(41),后与中间体5发生亲核取代反应得到中间体42,42在HOBT作用下环合得终产品1;2)40在氯化亚砜和氯化锌作用下得到(R)-3-氯甲基己酰氯(43),然后与中间体5亲核取代得中间体44,经HOBT环合得终产品1。
该路线以(R)-环氧氯丙烷为起始物料,该化合物容易降解消旋,且是一种高毒化合物,会导致人体肺水肿、肝、肾等损伤,我国规定车间空气中最高容许浓度为1mg/m3,同时路线中还使用了格氏试剂乙基溴化镁,其在工业化生产中不易控制,安全隐患较大。
除了以上典型的合成路线外,也有研究报道了直接通过制备得到手性关键中间体与(R)-2-溴丁酸、氨气反应制得布立西坦的方法(WO2019168269A1)以规避化学拆分的步骤,但该手性关键中间体需要使用高毒性的二氰甲烷原料,在特殊的手性催化剂作用下反应制备,从成本、工艺难度上难以推广大规模应用。
此外,现有报道的其他上述手性关键中间体的合成方案,也受合成路原料、工艺条件的限制难以实现工业化生产,或者引入生物性杂质,不适于进一步用于合成布立西坦;例如:
1)US10781170公开了如下合成方案:
即以正丁醛和2-氰基乙酰胺反应得化合物V,其再经水解开环得VI,VI用S-1-苯乙胺拆分得到S构型的化合物II,II经三氯异氰尿酸氯化得化合物III,碱性条件下关环得到目标化合物TG。该路线中第一步制备V时反应温度较高(140℃-150℃)且反应时间较长收率较低(62.4%),同时目标化合物的手性依然需要由S-1-苯乙胺拆分得到,拆分步骤物料损失大、溶剂用量多且操作繁琐,不适合工业化生产。
2)WO2020148731公开了如下合成方案:
以3-丙基-戊二酸酐和R-苯乙胺反应生成IVA,IVA经氯甲酸乙酯保护,其后羧基再与叠氮化纳发生Schmidt重排生成伯胺,再在酸性条件下水解成羧酸得到化合物III,III在对甲苯磺酸催化下脱水关环得到目标化合物IIA。该路线的起始物料3-丙基-戊二酸酐无市售厂家,难以商业化获得,同时在制备III的过程中使用了叠氮化钠,该试剂剧毒且易爆,放大生产操作难度高,风险大,不适合工业化生产。
3)WO2016075082公开了如下合成方案:
该专利中的起始物料需要经过生物酶催化选择性还原为R构型,再用氯化钴、硼氢化钠还原氰基为氨基,后经胺酯交换生成目标化合物IIIa。该路线的手性中心由酶催化反应构建,由于布立西坦为化学制剂,在其合成步骤中使用生化反应会引入生物性杂质,会对产品的质量研究工作造成影响并会增大审评风险,因此此路线合成的中间体不适于进一步合成布立西坦。
可见,目前现有的合成布立西坦的方法均有待进一步地改良,研究一种全新的布立西坦合成路线,使用常规易得、安全的试剂,通过相对温和的反应条件合成布立西坦,同时规避布立西坦合成中手性色谱柱的使用及化学拆分的操作,将在布立西坦的工业化生产中起到重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种全新的布立西坦的合成方法。
本发明提供了一种布立西坦的合成方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)化合物3与化合物4在有机溶剂中,酸和催化剂的作用下,反应制得化合物5;
(2)化合物5在有机溶剂中,钯催化剂作用下与氢气反应,再与酸反应制得化合物6;
(3)化合物6与化合物8在有机溶剂中,无机碱、催化剂的作用下反应得到布立西坦;
反应式如下:
其中,R为C1~C8的烷基,或C1~C3烷基取代的苯基。
进一步地,步骤(1)所述酸是路易斯酸,所述路易斯酸为醋酸、三氟化硼、甲磺酸、三氯化铝或三氯化铁,所述还原剂是三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠、氰基硼氢化钠或硼氢化钠,所述有机溶剂为氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲醇或乙醇。
和/或步骤(2)所述的催化剂是过渡金属催化剂,所述过渡金属催化剂为钯催化剂、镍催化剂或铂催化剂;所述酸是氯化氢或硫酸;
和/或步骤(3)所述无机碱是:碳酸钾、碳酸钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠或六甲基二硅烷重氮钠;所述催化剂是相转移催化剂,所述相转移催化剂是四丁基溴化铵、四丁基溴化铵或四丁基氯化铵,所述有机溶剂为乙酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、甲苯、丙酮、四氢呋喃或丁酮。
更进一步地,步骤(1)所述酸是醋酸,所述催化剂是三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠,所述有机溶剂为氯仿;
和/或步骤(2)所述的钯催化剂是钯碳;所述酸是氯化氢;
和/或步骤(3)所述无机碱是:碳酸钾;所述催化剂是四丁基溴化铵;所述有机溶剂为乙酸异丙酯。
进一步地,步骤(1)所述化合物3、化合物4、酸和催化剂的摩尔比为:(0.1~0.13):(0.12~0.15):(0.01~1):(0.15~0.2);优选为0.11:0.13:0.01:0.16;
和/或步骤(2)所述化合物5与催化剂的摩尔比为(0.05~0.1):(0.005~0.01);优选为0.06:0.006;所述化合物5与所述酸的质量比为(12~16):(10~13),优选为14:10.8;
和/或步骤(3)所述化合物6、化合物8、无机碱和催化剂的摩尔比为(0.03~0.08):(0.05~0.1):(0.05~0.1):(0.005~0.015);优选为0.05:0.06:0.09:001。
进一步地,步骤(1)所述反应条件是20~30℃反应6~10小时;
和/或步骤(2)所述与氢气的反应条件是:2~4MPa压强,20~70℃下反应3~5小时;所述与酸反应的条件是:冰浴滴加酸的醇溶液,加毕于20~30℃反应2~5小时;
和/或步骤(3)所述反应条件是:加热回流反应18~22小时。
更进一步地,步骤(1)所述反应条件是20~30℃反应8小时;
和/或步骤(2)所述与氢气的反应条件是:3MPa压强,40℃下反应4小时;所述与酸反应的条件是:冰浴滴加酸的乙醇溶液,加毕于20~30℃反应3小时;
和/或步骤(3)所述反应条件是:加热回流反应20小时。
进一步地,步骤(1)所述反应后,还包括加水淬灭、洗涤有机相、干燥、减压浓缩、层析纯化的步骤;
和/或步骤(2)所述反应后,还包括调pH至7.5~8.5,减压浓缩,乙酸乙酯萃取,洗涤有机相、干燥、减压浓缩的步骤;
和/或步骤(3)所述反应后,还包括浓缩去除溶剂、打浆、过滤、干燥的步骤。
更进一步地,步骤(1)所述洗涤有机相是用饱和食盐水洗涤,所述干燥是用无水硫酸钠干燥;
和/或步骤(2)所述洗涤有机相是用饱和食盐水洗涤,所述干燥是用无水硫酸钠干燥;
和/或步骤(3)所述打浆是用乙酸乙酯和异丙醇的混合物打浆,优选地,所述乙酸乙酯和异丙醇的体积比为9:1。
进一步地,上述化合物3由化合物1和化合物2在有机溶剂中40~45℃反应18~22小时制备而成;反应式如下:
所述有机溶剂是正庚烷和吗啉的混合溶剂,正庚烷和吗啉的体积比为40:(10~15);
所述化合物1、化合物2的摩尔比为(0.1~0.15):(0.1~0.15),优选为0.14:0.14。
进一步地,上述化合物8由化合物7和溴化钾在2.5N稀硫酸中,控温5℃以下加入饱和亚硝酸盐溶液,然后20~30℃反应0.5~1.5小时制备而成;
所述化合物7为所述化合物7、溴化钾和饱和亚硝酸盐溶液的质量比为(5~10):(35~45):(5~10),优选为8:40:8。
本发明的有益效果:本发明提供了一种全新的布立西坦的合成方法,巧妙地使用5-羟基-4-丙基呋喃-2-酮(化合物3)与手性亚磺酰胺衍生物(化合物4)反应,制备得到具有天然立体结构的化合物5,其结构中的烯键可被选择性还原为(4R)构型,经水解生成关键中间体6,进而合成得到布立西坦。本发明方法规避了布立西坦合成中手性色谱柱的使用及化学拆分的操作,所用试剂常规易得,溶剂用量少、反应条件温和、非常利于产业化生产。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
本发明5-羟基-4-丙基呋喃-2-酮(化合物3)可以通过购买市售产品获得,或通过如下方法合成:
将40ml正庚烷、13ml吗啉加入反应瓶中,冰浴滴加正戊醛15ml(12.2g,0.14mol),滴毕升温20℃保温搅拌1h,滴加乙醛酸(20g,15ml,0.14mol,50w%水溶液)升温至43℃反应20h,降温至20℃,缓慢加入37%浓盐酸(20ml),搅拌2h。体系分液,水相用正庚烷洗涤3次后用异丙醚萃取3次,合并异丙醚溶液,用饱和食盐水洗涤后无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩蒸干溶剂,得17g油状物,即为目标产物M1,收率89%。1H-NMR(CDCl3,δin ppm):6.04(s,1H),5.84(s,1H),2.50-2.43(m,1H),2.38-2.31(m,1H),1.73-1.54(m,2H),1.00(t,3H)。
本发明(R)-2-溴-丁酰胺(化合物8)可以通过购买市售产品获得,或通过如下方法合成:
将8.0g S-2-氨基丁酰胺40g KBr加入三口瓶中,滴加20ml 2.5N稀硫酸,冰水浴冷却搅拌,控温5℃以下缓慢滴加8.0g饱和亚硝酸钠溶液,滴毕室温搅拌1h,TLC鉴定反应完全后,反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取2次,将有机相混合,干燥,浓缩得到R-2-溴丁酰胺12g,收率92%。1H-NMR(CDCl3,δin ppm):6.64-6.48(d,2H),4.29-4.25(t,1H),2.21-1.98(m,2H),1.13-1.05(t,3H)。
本发明所用原料与设备均为已知产品,通过购买市售产品所得。
实施例1、布立西坦的合成
1、(R)-1-(叔丁基亚砜基)-4-丙基-1,5-二氢-2H-吡咯-2-酮的合成
将15.0g M1(0.11mol)、15.3g叔丁基亚磺酰胺(0.13mol)和0.66g醋酸(0.01mol)加入150ml氯仿中,缓慢加入33.55g三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(0.16mol),室温搅拌反应8h,加入250ml纯化水淬灭,分液保留有机相,水相用100ml氯仿萃取2次,合并有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥、减压浓缩得黄色固体,过柱纯化得目标产物M2 14.5g,收率60%。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δin ppm):6.18(s,1H),3.63-3.68(dd,2H),2.16-2.20(t,2H),1.30-1.38(m,11H),0.96-0.99(t,2H)。
2、(R)-4-丙基吡咯烷-2-酮的合成
将14g M2(0.06mol),1.4g Pd/C加入140ml乙醇溶液中,于3.0MPa压强40℃下催化加氢反应4h,过滤,滤液冰浴滴加30ml氯化氢的乙醇溶液(36w%),加毕于室温搅拌反应3h,体系用氢氧化钠溶液调节PH至8附近,减压浓缩除去乙醇,残留物用乙酸乙酯萃取2次,合并有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤后无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩所得灰白色油状物即为目标物M36.8g,收率87%。[α]D 20=+2.3(c 1.0,MeΟΗ),1H-NMR(CDCl3,δin ppm):0.90(t,3H),1.30-1.45(m,4H),1.85-2.00(m,1H),2.30-2.48(m,2H),2.99(dd,1H),3.38-3.48(m,1H),6.90-7.10(m,1H)。
3、布立西坦的合成
将6.0g M3(0.05mol),9.4g溴代丁酰胺(0.06mol),12.4g碳酸钾(0.09mol)、3.2g四丁基溴化铵(0.01mol)加入30ml乙酸异丙酯中,回流搅拌反应20h,浓缩除去溶剂得无色油状物,残留物用乙酸乙酯/异丙醇=9/1打浆,过滤、干燥得白色固体7.0g即为目标API,收率70%,ee=95.2%。1H-NMR(CDCl3,δin ppm)6.43(s,1H),5.78(s,1H),4.46(dd,J=8.8,6.9Hz,1H),3.50(dd,J=9.7,7.9Hz,1H),3.05(dd,J=9.8,7.1Hz,1H),2.58(dd,J=16.8,8.6Hz,1H),2.39-2.27(m,1H),2.07(dd,J=14.8,6.4Hz,1H),2.00-1.88(m,1H),1.75-1.62(m,1H),1.46-1.37(m,2H),1.37-1.29(m,2H),0.91(td,J=7.3,5.2Hz,6H)。
实施例2、布立西坦的合成
将步骤1中的叔丁基亚磺酰胺替换为2,4,6-三甲基苯亚磺酰胺:其余条件不变,合成得到布立西坦。
实施例3、布立西坦的合成
将步骤1中的叔丁基亚磺酰胺替换为甲基亚磺酰胺:其余条件不变,合成得到布立西坦。
实施例3、布立西坦的合成
将步骤1中的叔丁基亚磺酰胺替换为3-乙基戊烷-3-亚磺酰胺:其余条件不变,合成得到布立西坦。
实施例4、布立西坦的合成
将步骤1中的叔丁基亚磺酰胺替换为(R)-(-)-4-甲基苯亚磺酰胺:其余条件不变,合成得到布立西坦。
综上,本发明提供了一种全新的布立西坦的合成方法,规避了布立西坦合成中手性色谱柱的使用及化学拆分的操作,所用试剂常规易得,溶剂用量少、反应条件温和、非常利于产业化生产。
Claims (13)
1.一种布立西坦的合成方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)化合物3与化合物4在有机溶剂中,酸和还原剂的作用下,反应制得化合物5;
(2)化合物5在有机溶剂中,钯催化剂作用下与氢气反应,再与酸反应制得化合物6;
(3)化合物6与化合物8在有机溶剂中,无机碱、催化剂的作用下反应得到布立西坦;
反应式如下:
其中,R为C1~C8的烷基,或C1~C3烷基取代的苯基;
步骤(1)所述酸是路易斯酸,所述路易斯酸为醋酸、三氟化硼、甲磺酸、三氯化铝或三氯化铁,所述还原剂是三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠、氰基硼氢化钠或硼氢化钠,所述有机溶剂为氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲醇或乙醇;
步骤(2)所述酸是氯化氢或硫酸;
步骤(3)所述无机碱是:碳酸钾、碳酸钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠或六甲基二硅烷重氮钠;所述催化剂是相转移催化剂,所述相转移催化剂是四丁基溴化铵、四丁基溴化铵或四丁基氯化铵,所述有机溶剂为乙酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、甲苯、丙酮、四氢呋喃或丁酮。
2.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述酸是醋酸,所述还原剂是三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠,所述有机溶剂为氯仿;
和/或步骤(2)所述的钯催化剂是钯碳;所述酸是氯化氢;
和/或步骤(3)所述无机碱是:碳酸钾;所述催化剂是四丁基溴化铵;所述有机溶剂为乙酸异丙酯。
3.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述化合物3、化合物4、酸和还原剂的摩尔比为:(0.1~0.13):(0.12~0.15):(0.01~1):(0.15~0.2);和/或步骤(2)所述化合物5与钯催化剂的摩尔比为(0.05~0.1):(0.005~0.01);所述化合物5与所述酸的质量比为(12~16):(10~13);
和/或步骤(3)所述化合物6、化合物8、无机碱和催化剂的摩尔比为(0.03~0.08):(0.05~0.1):(0.05~0.1):(0.005~0.015)。
4.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述化合物3、化合物4、酸和还原剂的摩尔比为0.11:0.13:0.01:0.16;
步骤(2)所述化合物5与钯催化剂的摩尔比为0.06:0.006;所述化合物5与所述酸的质量比为14:10.8;
步骤(3)所述化合物6、化合物8、无机碱和催化剂的摩尔比为0.05:0.06:0.09:001。
5.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述反应条件是20~30℃反应6~10小时;
和/或步骤(2)所述与氢气的反应条件是:2~4MPa压强,20~70℃下反应3~5小时;所述与酸反应的条件是:冰浴滴加酸的醇溶液,加毕于20~30℃反应2~5小时;
和/或步骤(3)所述反应条件是:加热回流反应18~22小时。
6.如权利要求5所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述反应条件是20~30℃反应8小时;
和/或步骤(2)所述与氢气的反应条件是:3MPa压强,40℃下反应4小时;所述与酸反应的条件是:冰浴滴加酸的乙醇溶液,加毕于20~30℃反应3小时;
和/或步骤(3)所述反应条件是:加热回流反应20小时。
7.如权利要求1~6任一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述反应后,还包括加水淬灭、洗涤有机相、干燥、减压浓缩、层析纯化的步骤;
和/或步骤(2)所述反应后,还包括调pH至7.5~8.5,减压浓缩,乙酸乙酯萃取,洗涤有机相、干燥、减压浓缩的步骤;
和/或步骤(3)所述反应后,还包括浓缩去除溶剂、打浆、过滤、干燥的步骤。
8.如权利要求7所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述洗涤有机相是用饱和食盐水洗涤,所述干燥是用无水硫酸钠干燥;
和/或步骤(2)所述洗涤有机相是用饱和食盐水洗涤,所述干燥是用无水硫酸钠干燥;
和/或步骤(3)所述打浆是用乙酸乙酯和异丙醇的混合物打浆。
9.如权利要求8所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述乙酸乙酯和异丙醇的体积比为9:1。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述化合物3由化合物1和化合物2在有机溶剂中40~45℃反应18~22小时制备而成;反应式如下:
所述有机溶剂是正庚烷和吗啉的混合溶剂,正庚烷和吗啉的体积比为40:(10~15);
所述化合物1、化合物2的摩尔比为(0.1~0.15):(0.1~0.15)。
11.如权利要求10所述的合成方法,其特征在于,
所述化合物1、化合物2的摩尔比为0.14:0.14。
12.如权利要求8或9所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述化合物8由化合物7和溴化钾在2.5N稀硫酸中,控温5℃以下加入饱和亚硝酸盐溶液,然后20~30℃反应0.5~1.5小时制备而成;
所述化合物7为所述化合物7、溴化钾和饱和亚硝酸盐溶液的质量比为(5~10):(35~45):(5~10)。
13.如权利要求12所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述化合物7、溴化钾和饱和亚硝酸盐溶液的质量比为8:40:8。
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