CN115340431A - 一种利用猪粪制作高效有机肥的方法 - Google Patents
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- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用猪粪制作高效有机肥的方法,属于固体废物处置及资源化利用领域。其技术要点是:在猪粪中加入20%–30%量的粉碎后的麦秆、玉米秸等物,并混合均匀,可以先拿少部份物料与发酵菌种混合均匀,然后再用这一部分物料与大量的物料混合。在环境温度为15℃以上,将物料堆成高约1.2–1.5米,宽约2米。当堆肥温度各点达到60–65℃时,对物料进行翻垛,翻垛次数达到3次后的第三天结束发酵,总发酵期一般在21–28天之间。本发明的重点在于,将猪粪与少量农作物秸杆混合,然后均匀拌入发酵专用菌剂,制成高效有机肥料,制作工艺简单,在减少畜禽粪便污染的同时,还能充分利用猪粪制作高效有机肥。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于固体废物处置及资源化利用领域,具体涉及一种利用猪粪制作高效有机肥的方法。
背景技术:
畜禽粪便是畜产废弃物中数量最多、危害最严重的污染源。畜禽每天排出的粪尿量相当于体重的5%–8%。据测定:一个10万只鸡场,年产鸡粪可达3600t,鸡粪中BOD5总量为人粪尿的0.7倍;一个5000头的猪场每天排出的粪便约10t,一头猪的排泄量相当于2个人的排泄量,猪粪便中BOD5总量为人粪尿的13倍。畜禽粪便不仅产量大,其所含的污染物数量和种类也非常多,主要包括:粪尿本身及其分解物所含的恶臭成分,粪尿厌氧条件下分解产生的大量硫化氢、氨、醇类、酚类、酰胺类、胺类和吲哚等,大量的病原菌和微生物以及重金属和兽药等。这些物质可通过大气、水体和土壤污染环境,产生恶臭,刺激人畜呼吸道,引起呼吸道疾病及导致畜禽生产力下降;招引蚊蝇,孳生和传播疾病;污染饮用水、土壤和农作物,传播人畜共患病及畜禽传染病。同时,畜禽粪便是一种制作有机肥的原料,因此充分且高效地利用畜禽粪便制作有机肥不仅可以从根本上解决这些污染问题,还能变废为宝。
有机肥料是国家重点新产品,具备产品肥药双效、全面而营养及绿色环保的特点。集以菌治菌的药效性,无机肥料的速效性、微量元素和植物生理性物质的增效性,四位一体,适用面广。增产效果显著,特别是产品肥药双效的奇特功效,填补国内空白,处于世界领先水平,是高效绿色农业的最优肥料。本发明开发了一种利用猪粪作为原料制作高效有机肥料的技术,包括以下步骤:猪粪腐化有机肥的生产工艺主要将猪粪与辅料(秸秆粉、米糠)等混合,使原料含水量低于60%后,均匀拌入发酵专用菌剂,通过连续池式发酵21–28天后将物料移出凉干,水份约25%时即可添加多抗菌制剂和N、P、K元素制备出畜禽有机肥。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是针对目前养猪场产生的大量猪粪,提供一种利用猪粪制作高效有机肥的方法。本发明通过将猪粪与辅料混合,加入发酵专用菌剂,然后通过发酵、干燥和添加抗菌剂制作出高效有机肥。
本发明是一种利用猪粪制作高效有机肥的技术,主要包括以下步骤:
在猪粪中加入20%–30%量的粉碎后的麦秆、玉米秸等物,并混合均匀,可以先拿少部份物料与发酵菌种混合均匀,然后再用这一部分物料与大量的物料混合。
将原料堆成高约1.2–1.5米,宽约2米,环境温度15℃以上。当堆肥温度各点达到60–65℃时,进行翻垛(经常测量堆内温度)。
翻垛次数达到3次(一般5–7天翻垛一次,如堆温超过65℃,再次翻倒)后的第三天发酵结束,总发酵期一般在21–28天之间。
发酵结束后,将物料通风晾干,待水分降至25%左右时,加入多抗菌制剂和N、P、K元素制备出畜禽有机肥。
与其它类型的肥料(如化肥和复合肥)相比,本发明具有以下优点:
1.养分全,含量高。含有作物生长所必需的各种营养元素。
2.肥效持续时间长,即有前劲,又有后效,可完全满足作物整个生育期对各种养分的需求,生长后期不脱肥。
3.用法简便,做底肥一次性施足,施用方法简便,省工、省时、省力。
4.成本低,是同类商品中价格最低的。
5.效益高,投入产出比可达1:10~30或更多。
6.用途广泛,广泛适用于各类土质和各种作物,包括各种大棚蔬菜、果树、经济类作物、粮食作物以及药材、花卉、草坪、苗木等。
具体实施方式:
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1:温度对制作高效有机肥的影响
温度是显示好氧发酵中微生物活动程度的重要指标,高温的产生标志发酵过程运转良好。发酵周期一般为21~28d。通常采用翻料和强制通风的方法来改善供氧状态,促使前期物料快速升温和维持中期60~65℃的高温。猪粪的不良物理形状是影响发酵升温的主要障碍,必要时加入高C/N和低水分的有机物予以改善。
实施例2:湿度对制作高效有机肥的影响
分是微生物活动不可缺少的重要因素。在好氧发酵工艺中,物料适宜的含水率为60%~70%。物料含水过高过低都影响好氧微生物活动,发酵前应进行水分调节。物料含水率小于60%,升温慢,温度低,腐解程度差;大于70%,影响通气,形成厌氧发酵,升温慢,腐解度亦差。鲜粪一般含水量较高,降低含水量的方法是掺合低含水分的有机物料。如糠壳、泥炭、锯末、秸秆等。
Claims (4)
1.一种利用猪粪制作高效有机肥的方法,其特征在于,将猪粪与农作物秸秆辅料混合,加入发酵菌,经过一定时长的发酵后制成畜禽有机肥,包括以下步骤:将猪粪与辅料(秸秆粉、米糠)等混合,使原料含水量低于60%后,均匀拌入发酵专用菌剂,通过连续池式发酵21–28天后将物料移出凉干,水份约25%时即可添加多抗菌制剂和N、P、K元素制备成畜禽有机肥。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用猪粪制作高效有机肥的方法,其特征在于,所述发酵过程受温度影响大。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种利用猪粪制作高效有机肥的方法,其特征在于,所述发酵的温度是显示好氧发酵中微生物活动程度的重要指标,高温的产生标志发酵过程运转良好,所述发酵采用翻料和通风的方法来促使前期物料快速升温和维持中期60~65℃的高温。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用猪粪制作高效有机肥的方法,其特征在于,所述物料的含水率为60%~70%,所述物料含水率小于60%,升温慢,温度低,腐解程度差;大于70%,影响通气,形成厌氧发酵,升温慢,腐解度差。
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CN106431561A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 南京国龙生物科技有限公司 | 一种利用农业废弃物制备有机肥的方法 |
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