CN115338496A - Brazing method for evaporating preset brazing filler metal - Google Patents
Brazing method for evaporating preset brazing filler metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN115338496A CN115338496A CN202211139469.4A CN202211139469A CN115338496A CN 115338496 A CN115338496 A CN 115338496A CN 202211139469 A CN202211139469 A CN 202211139469A CN 115338496 A CN115338496 A CN 115338496A
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- brazing
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- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000619 316 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018619 Si-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008289 Si—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K3/00—Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods
- B23K3/08—Auxiliary devices therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K3/00—Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods
- B23K3/08—Auxiliary devices therefor
- B23K3/087—Soldering or brazing jigs, fixtures or clamping means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
- B23K31/125—Weld quality monitoring
Abstract
The invention provides a brazing method for evaporating preset brazing filler metal, which relates to the technical field of welding, and is characterized in that a tool fixture is adopted to shield a non-to-be-welded surface on a workpiece, then the brazing filler metal is adopted as a coating material to evaporate the workpiece, so that the evaporated brazing filler metal can be selectively condensed to form a film at a specific position, the pre-welding prefabrication of the brazing filler metal on the to-be-welded surface is realized, the coating film is formed by condensing the vaporized brazing filler metal, the distribution uniformity of the brazing filler metal is ensured, the thickness of the brazing filler metal on each part of the to-be-welded surface can be kept consistent, and finally the workpiece is subjected to vacuum brazing and detection, so that the precise and high-strength connection on the to-be-welded surface is completed, and the welding quality is evaluated. Compared with the prior art, the brazing filler metal presetting device can accurately and uniformly preset brazing filler metal on the to-be-welded interface of a workpiece with a micro-channel, so that the brazing filler metal is uniformly filled and distributed in a welding seam, the welding defect caused by blocking of the channel or local non-welding is avoided, and the strength of a product joint is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a brazing method for evaporating preset brazing filler metal.
Background
The brazing is a near-allowance processing and manufacturing technology, can be used for connecting various complex and precise parts, is very suitable for manufacturing cavity parts such as a heat exchanger, a cold plate, a vapor chamber and the like in the actual production process, adopts brazing filler metal in the forms of foil, powder and the like according to the characteristics of a joint structure, and uniformly presets the brazing filler metal on the surface to be welded so as to realize high-strength connection of the interface to be welded.
However, with the rapid development of technologies in the fields of heat energy, nuclear energy and electronics and the rapid increase of heat dissipation requirements, in order to obtain higher heat dissipation capability, the internal flow channel structure of a heat dissipation product is continuously developed towards millimeter level and micron level, and especially when the flow channel structure is reduced to micron level, uniform presetting of solder at an interface to be welded becomes very difficult, and welding defects such as flow channel blockage or local lack of welding are particularly easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a brazing method for evaporating preset brazing filler metal, which can accurately and uniformly preset the brazing filler metal on an interface to be welded of a workpiece with a micro-channel, so that the brazing filler metal is uniformly filled and distributed in a welding seam, the welding defect caused by blocking of the channel or local non-welding is avoided, and the strength of a product joint is improved.
Embodiments of the invention may be implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a brazing method for evaporating a preset brazing filler metal, comprising:
shielding a non-to-be-welded surface on a workpiece by using a tool clamp, and exposing the to-be-welded surface;
evaporating the workpiece by using brazing filler metal as a coating material so as to form a solid film on the surface to be welded;
assembling the workpiece before welding;
carrying out vacuum brazing on the workpiece;
carrying out ultrasonic detection on the welded workpiece;
and carrying out a sealing test on the welded workpiece.
In an optional embodiment, the step of evaporating the workpiece by using a brazing filler metal as a coating material includes:
putting the brazing filler metal foil into an evaporation source;
clamping and fixing the workpiece;
heating the evaporation source to a first preset temperature under a vacuum-pumping condition, so that the brazing filler metal foil is gasified and then is incident to the surface to be welded, and is condensed into the solid film on the surface to be welded;
and ending heating when the solid film is deposited to a preset thickness.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of heating the evaporation source to a first preset temperature under vacuum condition comprises:
vacuumizing the evaporation chamber to a first preset vacuum degree;
and heating the evaporation source to a first preset temperature.
In an alternative embodiment, the first predetermined temperature is higher than an equilibrium vapor pressure temperature of the solder at the first predetermined vacuum level.
In an alternative embodiment, the first predetermined vacuum level is 1e -3 Pa to 1e -4 Pa。
In an alternative embodiment, the predetermined thickness is 1 to 100 μm.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of vacuum brazing the workpiece comprises:
placing the workpiece into a vacuum chamber;
vacuumizing the vacuum chamber to a second preset vacuum degree;
heating the workpiece to a second preset temperature according to a preset heating rate;
preserving the heat for a preset time;
and cooling the workpiece according to a preset cooling rate.
In an alternative embodiment, the second predetermined vacuum degree is 1e -3 Pa to 1e -4 Pa。
In an optional embodiment, the preset heating rate is 1-20 ℃/min; the cooling rate is 1-20 ℃/min.
In an optional embodiment, before the step of shielding the surfaces to be welded on the workpiece with the tool fixture and exposing the surfaces to be welded, the brazing method for evaporating the preset brazing filler metal further includes:
and polishing and cleaning the surfaces of the brazing filler metal foil and the workpiece.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of polishing and cleaning the solder foil and the surface of the workpiece comprises:
polishing the brazing filler metal foil and the surface to be evaporated of the workpiece by using sand paper;
cleaning the surface to be evaporated of the workpiece by using acid or alkali solution;
carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the surfaces of the brazing filler metal foil and the workpiece by using absolute ethyl alcohol;
and drying the brazing filler metal foil and the workpiece by compressed air for later use.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment of the invention include, for example:
the embodiment of the invention provides a brazing method for evaporating a preset brazing filler metal, which comprises the steps of firstly adopting a tool clamp to shield a non-to-be-welded surface on a workpiece, namely a non-planar structure such as a flow channel on the workpiece, and exposing the to-be-welded surface, then adopting the brazing filler metal as a coating material to evaporate the workpiece, evaporating the brazing filler metal in a certain heating mode under a vacuum condition, and enabling the evaporated brazing filler metal to selectively finish a condensation film forming process at a specific position due to the shielding effect of the tool clamp, namely forming a brazing filler metal film on the to-be-welded surface, thereby realizing the prefabrication before welding of the to-be-welded surface brazing filler metal, ensuring the distribution uniformity of the brazing filler metal due to the condensation of the vaporized brazing filler metal, enabling the brazing filler metal at each position of the to-be-welded surface to keep consistent in thickness, then assembling the workpiece before welding, finally carrying out vacuum brazing on the workpiece, completing the precise and high-strength connection of the to-be-welded surface, and finally carrying out the detection and the sealing performance test on the welded workpiece, and effectively evaluating the welding quality. Compared with the prior art, the brazing method for evaporating the preset brazing filler metal can accurately and uniformly preset the brazing filler metal on the to-be-welded interface of the workpiece with the micro flow channel, so that the brazing filler metal is uniformly filled and distributed in the welding line, the welding defect caused by blocking of the flow channel or local non-welding is avoided, and the strength of a product joint is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the steps of a brazing method for evaporating preset brazing filler metal provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is an overall structure diagram of the stainless steel microchannel cold plate provided by the invention.
Icon:
100-a base plate; 110-a flow channel; 200-cover plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings or the orientation or positional relationship which the product of the present invention is used to usually place, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but it is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As disclosed in the background, conventional brazing processes, which typically apply a brazing material directly to the surfaces to be welded and then weld, are suitable for use with a completely planar or larger size non-planar structure, and are clearly unsuitable when the workpiece is provided with a smaller size non-welded structure, such as a runner structure. Particularly, when the flow channel structure is reduced to the micron level, even if a special mechanical arm is used for coating, the solder can overflow to the flow channel inevitably. Moreover, the solder is preset by adopting conventional coating and other modes, the consistency of the solder layer at all positions is poor, the solder layer is difficult to be uniformly distributed, welding defects such as partial non-welding and the like are easily caused, and the product quality is influenced.
Particularly, when the flow channel structure is reduced to several micrometers, uniform presetting of foil and powdered brazing filler metal becomes very difficult, and uniform presetting of the to-be-welded surface of the brazing filler metal cannot be realized, so that the flow distribution of the brazing filler metal becomes very uneven, the flow channel is easily blocked or the defect of local non-welding is easily caused, and further, cracking and liquid leakage of a product in the using process are caused, and huge economic loss is caused.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a brazing method for evaporating and presetting brazing filler metal, which can realize uniform presetting of the brazing filler metal, can avoid non-welded structures such as a flow channel structure blocked by the brazing filler metal, and has high connection strength and tight welding. It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the embodiment provides a brazing method for evaporating a preset brazing filler metal, which is used for welding workpieces, and can uniformly preset the brazing filler metal on an interface to be welded of the workpiece with a micro flow channel 110, so that the brazing filler metal is uniformly distributed, a welding defect caused by blocking the flow channel 110 or local non-welding is avoided, and the product quality is improved. And accurate and uniform presetting of the brazing filler metal on a micron-sized structure can be realized, so that filling and flow distribution of the brazing filler metal in a welding seam are improved, and the effect of improving the structural strength of a brazed joint is achieved.
The invention provides a brazing method for evaporating preset brazing filler metal, which comprises the following steps:
s1: and cleaning the brazing filler metal foil and the workpiece.
Specifically, the surfaces of a brazing filler metal foil and a workpiece are polished and cleaned, before welding, the brazing filler metal foil and the workpiece can be firstly assembled according to the material of parts to be brazed, a proper brazing filler metal grade is selected, an Al-Si brazing filler metal is selected for general aluminum alloy, a nickel-based brazing filler metal is selected for stainless steel and high-temperature alloy, and a titanium-based brazing filler metal is selected for titanium alloy. Then preparing an amorphous brazing filler metal foil with the thickness of 10-1000 mu m, and cleaning the foil; preparing a workpiece to be evaporated and cleaning the workpiece.
Specifically, 1000# abrasive paper can be adopted to polish the surfaces of the brazing filler metal foil and the workpiece to be subjected to evaporation when the brazing filler metal foil and the workpiece are cleaned, the surfaces of the workpiece to be subjected to evaporation are cleaned by acid or alkali solution, then the brazing filler metal foil and the workpiece are cleaned by ultrasonic waves through absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally compressed air is used for drying the brazing filler metal foil and the workpiece for later use.
S2: and shielding the surface, which is not to be welded, on the workpiece by using the tool clamp, and exposing the surface to be welded.
Specifically, a workpiece is clamped before evaporation, a specially-made tool fixture is used for clamping and fixing the workpiece, other surfaces except the welding surface are shielded, and only the surface to be welded is exposed.
For example, for the structure of the flow channel 110, a corresponding mask structure may be prepared as a tooling fixture to completely shield the structure of the flow channel 110.
S3: and (3) evaporating a workpiece by using brazing filler metal as a coating material so as to form a solid film on the surface to be welded.
Specifically, the brazing filler metal foil can be firstly placed in an evaporation source, then a workpiece is clamped and fixed on a fixed substrate, then the evaporation source is heated to a first preset temperature under a vacuum condition, so that the brazing filler metal foil is gasified and then enters the surface to be welded, the brazing filler metal foil is condensed into a solid film on the surface to be welded, and the heating is finished when the solid film is deposited to a preset thickness. When heating, the evaporation chamber can be firstly vacuumized to a first preset vacuum degree, and then the evaporation source is heated to a first preset temperature.
The first preset temperature is higher than the equilibrium vapor pressure temperature of the brazing filler metal under the first preset vacuum degree. Meanwhile, the first preset vacuum degree is 1e -3 Pa to 1e -4 Pa. The preset thickness is 1-100 μm.
In this embodiment, the evaporation step can be completed in the evaporation chamber, i.e. the evaporation chamber is vacuumized to 1e -3 Pa to 1e -4 And Pa, heating the brazing filler metal foil to a temperature higher than the equilibrium vapor pressure temperature of the alloy elements under the current vacuum degree through a heating evaporation source to enable the brazing filler metal foil to be gasified and escaped from the surface to form vapor flow, and enabling the vapor flow to enter the surface to be welded of the workpiece to be finally condensed to form a solid film, wherein when the solid film is deposited to the specified thickness, the vacuum evaporation is finished.
S4: and assembling the workpiece before welding.
Specifically, the evaporated workpiece is assembled and charged before welding, and specifically, the evaporated workpiece and the welding tool can be assembled into a whole, and a certain pressure is applied, and then the workpiece is ready to be placed into a vacuum chamber.
S5: and carrying out vacuum brazing on the workpiece.
Specifically, firstly, the assembled workpiece is placed into a vacuum chamber, then the vacuum chamber is vacuumized to a second preset vacuum degree, certain welding pressure of about 0.01 MPa-0.1 MPa is applied to the workpiece, then the workpiece is heated to a second preset temperature according to a preset heating rate, and the workpiece is cooled according to a preset cooling rate after heat preservation for a preset time. Wherein the second predetermined vacuum degree is 1e -3 Pa to 1e -4 Pa, and the preset temperature rising rate is 1-20 ℃/min, and the preset temperature reducing rate is 1-20 ℃/min.
During actual brazing, the evaporated workpiece can be assembled and charged before welding, and the vacuum chamber is vacuumized to 1e -3 Pa to 1e -4 Pa, applying a certain welding pressure of about 0.01-0.1 MPa to the workpiece, heating the workpiece to the brazing temperature at the temperature rise rate of 1-20 ℃/min and the axial pressure of 0.01-0.1 MPa, keeping the temperature for 1-30 min, completing the brazing process at the temperature drop rate of 1-20 ℃/min, realizing the integrated precise and high-strength connection of the workpiece, and finally carrying out the brazing rate detection and the sealing performance test on the welded workpiece to effectively evaluate the product quality.
S6: and carrying out ultrasonic detection on the welded workpiece.
The specific process is as follows: and (3) vertically irradiating water immersion longitudinal waves to the surface of the diffusion welding seam, and evaluating all signals which are determined to be defective and display amplitude of which exceeds 10% -30% after probe focus and gain adjustment.
S7: and carrying out a sealing test on the welded workpiece.
The specific process is as follows: firstly, a pressing nozzle is prefabricated at the position of a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet of a workpiece (the prefabrication mode comprises welding, gluing and the like), a test working medium is filled into the workpiece on a pressure platform, the test pressure is slowly increased and maintained for a certain time, meanwhile, the phenomena of bulging, cracking, leakage and the like at the welding seam of a flow channel are observed, then, the pressure is slowly released, the pressing nozzle is removed, the workpiece is cleaned and dried, and finally, the tightness test of the workpiece is completed.
The brazing of the stainless steel microchannel cold plate is taken as an example for specific description:
the workpiece to be welded is a 316 stainless steel microchannel cold plate, which consists of a bottom plate 100 and a cover plate 200, wherein the cover plate 200 is a flat plate, the bottom plate 100 is distributed with a snake-shaped rectangular flow channel 110, the rib width of the flow channel 110 is 5 mu m, and the flow channel 110 plate is formed by chemical etching. Brazing for a stainless steel microchannel cold plate is primarily to weld the base plate 100 with the flow channels 110 and the cover plate 200 together.
Firstly, brazing filler metal is required to be selected, a BNi-2 amorphous brazing filler metal foil can be selected as an evaporation source, the main alloy component is Ni-Cr-B-Si-Fe, the brazing temperature is 1010-1177 ℃, and the thickness is 100 mu m.
Before vacuum evaporation, absolute ethyl alcohol is adopted to clean the bottom plate 100, the cover plate 200 and the brazing filler metal foil, ultrasonic cleaning is carried out, and cold air is blown for standby. Then clamping before evaporation is carried out on the bottom plate 100, the work fixture is used for shielding, other surfaces except for a welding surface are guaranteed to be shielded, brazing filler metal is prevented from being evaporated on the surface, and the work fixture and the bottom plate 100 are assembled in an electric resistance welding positioning mode. Then, the brazing filler metal foil is placed in the evaporation source, and the bottom plate 100 is clamped on the fixed substrate. Vacuum-pumping the evaporation chamber to 1e - 3 And after Pa, heating the evaporation source to evaporate and gasify the brazing filler metal foil, finally condensing the brazing filler metal foil on the surface to be welded to form a solid film, and finishing vacuum evaporation when the thickness of the film reaches 5 mu m. Then the workpiece bottom plate 100 and the workpiece cover plate which are subjected to vapor deposition are assembled and sent to a vacuum furnace for brazing. Particularly, the vacuum is pumped to 1e -3 And after Pa, heating to 1030 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, then preserving heat for 10min, and cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min, so that the brazing is finished, and the precise and high-strength connection of the stainless steel micro-channel cold plate is completed.
In order to evaluate the brazing quality, the welded workpiece was subjected to water immersion ultrasonic C-scan and air tightness test. Firstly, a workpiece is immersed in a coupling agent, a water immersion longitudinal wave vertical incidence C scanning mode is adopted for detection, the position and the setting parameters of a probe are adjusted according to the structure, the size, the position of a welding seam and the like of a reference test block, the welding seam of the workpiece is detected, and the welding rate displayed by a nondestructive testing image is ensured to reach more than 90. Secondly, argon arc welding and pressing a joint nozzle at the position of a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet of the workpiece, slowly increasing the test pressure to 5MPa on a pressure platform, maintaining the pressure for 30min, observing that the welding seam of the flow channel has no phenomena of bulging, cracks, leakage and the like, then slowly releasing pressure, cutting off the pressed joint nozzle, cleaning and drying the workpiece, and completing the air tightness test of the workpiece.
In summary, the present embodiment provides a brazing method for evaporating a preset solder, which includes first shielding a non-to-be-welded surface on a workpiece, that is, shielding a non-planar structure such as a flow channel 110 on the workpiece, and exposing the to-be-welded surface by using a fixture, then evaporating the workpiece by using the solder as a coating material, evaporating the solder by using a certain heating method under a vacuum condition, and selectively performing a condensation film forming process on the evaporated solder at a specific position by using the shielding effect of the fixture, that is, forming a solder film on the to-be-welded surface, thereby realizing pre-welding prefabrication of the to-be-welded surface solder, and ensuring uniformity of solder distribution because the coating film is formed by condensation of the vaporized solder, the solder at each position of the to-be-welded surface can maintain a uniform thickness, then assembling the workpiece before welding, and finally performing vacuum brazing on the workpiece, thereby completing precise and high-strength connection of the to-be-welded surface. Compared with the prior art, the brazing method for evaporating the preset brazing filler metal can solve the difficult problem of presetting the brazing filler metal before welding in a micron-sized structure, realize accurate and uniform presetting of the brazing filler metal on the surface to be welded, further improve filling and flow distribution of the brazing filler metal in a welding seam, avoid poor welding problems of blocking of the flow channel 110, partial non-welding and the like due to improper presetting of the brazing filler metal, and can effectively guarantee heat exchange performance and structural strength of products.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A brazing method for evaporating preset brazing filler metal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
shielding the non-to-be-welded surface on the workpiece by using a tool clamp, and exposing the to-be-welded surface;
adopting brazing filler metal as a coating material to evaporate the workpiece so as to form a solid film on the surface to be welded;
assembling the workpiece before welding;
carrying out vacuum brazing on the workpiece;
carrying out ultrasonic detection on the welded workpiece;
and carrying out a sealing test on the welded workpiece.
2. The brazing method for evaporating the preset brazing filler metal as set forth in claim 1, wherein the step of evaporating the workpiece by using the brazing filler metal as a coating material comprises:
putting the brazing filler metal foil into an evaporation source;
clamping and fixing the workpiece;
heating the evaporation source to a first preset temperature under the vacuum-pumping condition, so that the brazing filler metal foil is gasified and then enters the surface to be welded, and is condensed into the solid film on the surface to be welded;
and ending heating when the solid film is deposited to a preset thickness.
3. The brazing method for evaporating the preset brazing filler metal as set forth in claim 2, wherein the step of heating the evaporation source to a first preset temperature under a vacuum condition comprises:
vacuumizing the evaporation chamber to a first preset vacuum degree;
and heating the evaporation source to a first preset temperature.
4. The brazing method of evaporation preset brazing filler metal according to claim 3, wherein the first preset temperature is higher than the equilibrium vapor pressure temperature of the brazing filler metal under the first preset vacuum degree, and the first preset vacuum degree is 1e -3 Pa to 1e -4 Pa。
5. The brazing method of evaporation preset brazing filler metal according to claim 2, wherein the preset thickness is 1-100 μm.
6. The brazing method of evaporation preset brazing filler metal as set forth in claim 1, wherein the step of performing vacuum brazing on the workpiece comprises:
placing the workpiece into a vacuum chamber;
vacuumizing the vacuum chamber to a second preset vacuum degree;
heating the workpiece to a second preset temperature according to a preset heating rate;
preserving the heat for a preset time;
and cooling the workpiece according to a preset cooling rate.
7. The brazing method of evaporation preset brazing filler metal according to claim 6, wherein the second preset vacuum degree is 1e -3 Pa to 1e -4 Pa, and the second preset temperature is a brazing temperature.
8. The brazing method of evaporation preset brazing filler metal according to claim 6, wherein the preset heating rate is 1-20 ℃/min; the preset cooling rate is 1-20 ℃/min.
9. The brazing method for evaporating the preset brazing filler metal as in claim 1, wherein before the step of shielding the surfaces to be welded on the workpiece by using a tooling fixture and exposing the surfaces to be welded, the brazing method for evaporating the preset brazing filler metal further comprises the following steps:
and polishing and cleaning the brazing filler metal foil and the surface of the workpiece.
10. The brazing method for evaporating the preset brazing filler metal as in claim 9, wherein the step of polishing and cleaning the brazing filler metal foil and the surface of the workpiece comprises the following steps:
polishing the brazing filler metal foil and the surface to be evaporated of the workpiece by using sand paper;
cleaning the surface to be evaporated of the workpiece by using acid or alkali solution;
carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the surfaces of the brazing filler metal foil and the workpiece by using absolute ethyl alcohol;
and drying the brazing filler metal foil and the workpiece by compressed air for later use.
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