CN113182531A - Composite defect for metal additive manufacturing nondestructive testing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite defect for metal additive manufacturing nondestructive testing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113182531A CN113182531A CN202110347728.1A CN202110347728A CN113182531A CN 113182531 A CN113182531 A CN 113182531A CN 202110347728 A CN202110347728 A CN 202110347728A CN 113182531 A CN113182531 A CN 113182531A
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011165 3D composite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
- C23C14/165—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon by cathodic sputtering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite defect for nondestructive testing of metal additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: printing a metal test block by using an additive manufacturing device, preparing an unfused area on the surface of the test block by adopting a mechanical indentation method or a laser drilling method, then plating nickel on the surface of the test block containing the unfused area and the surface of the other test block without defects by using a magnetron sputtering film plating machine, and adding powder particles into the unfused area on the surface of the test block. And finally, connecting the nickel-plated surfaces of the two test blocks together by using a vacuum diffusion method to wrap the defects to form built-in composite defects. The preparation method can efficiently and accurately prepare the defects, can well verify the detection capability of the existing detection means, and can provide a basis for formulating the detection standard, so that the defects can be better positioned and quantitatively analyzed, and the preparation method has a good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal additive manufacturing nondestructive testing technology, in particular to a composite defect for metal additive manufacturing nondestructive testing and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology is a material additive manufacturing method which increases gradually layer by layer from bottom to top. Metal additive manufacturing is a key development direction in additive manufacturing technology, and has been widely applied to the fields of aerospace, medical instruments, automobile manufacturing, mold manufacturing and the like. However, there are different types of defects in their manufacturing processes. The common defects are pores, unfused, inclusions, cracks and the like, and the internal defects can significantly affect the performance of the material, reduce the service life of the material and even possibly cause accidents. And the micro defects can form complex three-dimensional composite defects, the damage caused by the composite defects is larger than that caused by single defects, the composite defects are difficult to completely eliminate, the performances of the material such as tensile strength, fatigue strength and creep strength are seriously influenced, and the safety and the reliability of the long-term operation of the part are finally influenced. Different from the traditional forged, cast or molded parts, the nondestructive testing of the additive parts can run through the whole manufacturing process, including the detection of the characteristics and the appearance of raw materials, the online detection of defects in the processing process, the quality detection after printing and the quality detection in the service process. Research on additive manufacturing nondestructive testing methods is carried out in all countries of the world, but a complete set of testing standards is not formed yet.
There are some difficulties in locating and quantitatively analyzing defects in metal additive manufacturing compared to conventional parts. The existing test block mainly has macroscopic defects such as flat bottom holes, transverse holes, large flat bottoms and the like, and is far away from the actual defects of metal additive manufacturing, and the test block manufactured by the metal additive manufacturing method has uncontrollable internal defects and cannot be used for verifying the detection capability of the used detection means and establishing corresponding detection standards. Therefore, the research and development of the preparation of the composite defects for metal additive manufacturing nondestructive testing are of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite defect for metal additive manufacturing nondestructive testing and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a composite defect for nondestructive testing in metal additive manufacturing, wherein the composite defect is a three-dimensional composite complex defect formed by dispersing metal or ceramic powder with different materials, different particle sizes and different volume fractions in an unfused area, and a vacuum diffusion connection method is adopted in a preparation method. The powder is spherical or nearly spherical particles, and the size of the powder particles is 10-100 μm; the powder particles are additive manufacturing titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, nickel-based alloy powder particles and high-melting-point tungsten, molybdenum and ceramic powder particles. The volume fraction of the powder particles ranges from 10% to 50%.
Preferably, the unfused areas are obtained using a mechanical indentation method or a laser drilling method. The unfused area is conical, hemispherical, or quadrangular pyramid, with diameter ranging from 0.1-10mm and depth ranging from 20-5000 μm.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a composite defect for metal additive manufacturing nondestructive testing, comprising the following steps:
s1: printing a metal test block by using additive manufacturing equipment; the required test block material is additive manufacturing titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, stainless steel and nickel-based alloy;
s2: grinding and polishing one surface of the test block for preparing the defects and one surface of the other test block without the defects for vacuum diffusion connection, cleaning and drying by using alcohol and ultrasonic waves, and preparing an unfused area on the surface of the test block by using a mechanical indentation method or a laser drilling method;
s3: under the pressure of 0.5-1.0pa and the temperature of 150-Degree of vacuum 3x10-3pa, the sputtering time is 0.5-1h, and the sputtering power is 4-8w/cm2Under the condition that the output power of the radio frequency power supply is 150-.
S4: powder particles are added to the surface of the test block in the unfused areas.
S5: and (3) connecting the test block with the defect and the other test block with no defect together by using a vacuum diffusion method under the conditions of diffusion connection pressure of 10-30Mpa, connection temperature of 850-1100 ℃ and connection time of 10-200min, so that the defect is wrapped to form a built-in composite defect, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after connection.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the three-dimensional complex composite defect prepared by the method provides scientific basis for the research of the additive manufacturing nondestructive testing technology. The defects are prepared by a mechanical indentation method or a laser drilling method, the method is simple, convenient and quick, and the high-precision defects with different shapes and sizes can be prepared. The vacuum diffusion bonding method is a method in which two workpieces to be welded are pressed together tightly and heated in a vacuum furnace to generate microscopic plastic deformation at the micro-unevenness of the two welding surfaces so as to achieve close contact, and atoms are diffused mutually in the subsequent heating and heat preservation to form metallurgical bonding. The surfaces of the test blocks can be connected together without reducing the material performance because the matrix is not overheated or melted during diffusion connection. The quality of the connecting surface obtained by the method is good, the microstructure and the performance of the connecting surface are close to or the same as those of the parent metal, and the parameters are easy to accurately control. Meanwhile, the connection precision is high, the deformation is small, and the mechanical processing is not needed after the diffusion connection. And the magnetron sputtering coating method is utilized to carry out nickel plating on the diffusion connection surface, so that the bonding rate of the diffusion connection surface is higher, and the quality of the obtained diffusion connection bonding surface is better. The finally prepared defects have accurate size and positioning, and the requirements of additive manufacturing nondestructive testing can be well met.
The preparation method provided by the invention not only can be used for efficiently and accurately preparing the defects, but also can be used for well verifying the detection capability of the existing detection means, and also can be used for providing a basis for formulating the detection standard, so that the defects can be better positioned and quantitatively analyzed, and the preparation method has a good application prospect. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. the method can accurately and efficiently prepare the defects, provides a basis for formulating detection standards, evaluates the detection capability of various detection means, provides help for defect positioning and quantitative analysis in the detection process, and can well meet the detection requirements of metal additive manufacturing.
2. The preparation method adopted by the invention is suitable for various materials and has a wide application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the preparation method employed in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a surface topography of a three-dimensional composite defect prepared in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a sample of a diffusion bonded article having a three-dimensional composite defect prepared in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a SEM image of a defect of a diffusion bonding sample prepared in an example of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. unfused area, 2, powder particles.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a flow chart of the preparation method of the present invention, a metal test block is printed by an additive manufacturing apparatus, an unfused area is prepared on the surface of the test block by a mechanical indentation method or a laser drilling method, then nickel plating is performed on the surface of the test block containing the unfused area and the surface of another test block without defects by a magnetron sputter coater, and powder particles are added to the unfused area on the surface of the test block. And finally, connecting the nickel-plated surfaces of the two test blocks together by using a vacuum diffusion method to wrap the defects to form built-in composite defects.
Example 1:
two cylindrical test blocks with the size phi 50x5(mm) are printed by additive manufacturing equipment, and the test blocks are made of stainless steel. And grinding and polishing one surface of the test block for preparing the defects and one surface of the test block for vacuum diffusion connection of the other test block without the defects, cleaning by using alcohol and ultrasonic waves, drying by blowing, and preparing a conical unfused area with the size of phi 0.5x0.08(mm) on the surface of the test block by using a mechanical indentation method. Followed by a vacuum of 3X10 at a pressure of 0.6pa, a temperature of 160 ℃ and a vacuum of 3X10-3pa, sputtering time of 0.5h, sputtering power of 5w/cm2And under the condition that the output power of the radio frequency power supply is 150w, nickel plating is carried out on the surface of the test block containing the unfused area and the surface of the other test block without defects by using a magnetron sputtering coating machine, so that the surface of the test block meets the requirement of vacuum diffusion welding, and the thickness of the obtained nickel-plated layer is 3 mu m. And then adding phi 20 (mum) spherical tungsten powder into the unfused area, wherein the volume fraction is 20%, finally connecting the defective test block and the other non-defective test block together by using a vacuum diffusion method under the conditions that the diffusion connection pressure is 10Mpa and the connection temperature is 950 ℃, connecting for 10min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after the connection is finished to obtain the built-in three-dimensional composite defect test block.
Example 2:
two cylindrical test blocks with the size phi of 100x10(mm) are printed by additive manufacturing equipment, and the test blocks are made of titanium alloy. And (3) grinding and polishing one surface of the test block for preparing the defects and one surface of the other test block without the defects for vacuum diffusion connection, cleaning by using alcohol and ultrasonic waves, drying by blowing, and preparing a hemispherical unfused area with the size of phi 1x0.1(mm) on the surface of the test block by using a laser drilling method. Followed by a vacuum of 3X10 at a pressure of 0.8pa, a temperature of 180 DEG.C-3pa, sputtering time of 0.8h and sputtering power of 6w/cm2And under the condition that the output power of the radio frequency power supply is 200w, nickel plating is carried out on the surface of the test block containing the unfused area and the surface of the other test block without defects by using a magnetron sputtering film plating machine, so that the surface of the test block meets the requirement of vacuum diffusion welding, and the thickness of the obtained nickel-plated layer is 4 mu m. Then adding phi 50 (mum) subsphaeroidal additive manufacturing titanium alloy powder into the unfused area with the volume fraction of 30 percent, and finally addingAnd connecting the defected test block and the other nondefective test block together by using a vacuum diffusion method under the conditions that the diffusion connection pressure is 20Mpa and the connection temperature is 1000 ℃, connecting for 30min, and cooling to room temperature along with a furnace after connection is finished to obtain the built-in three-dimensional composite defected test block.
As shown in fig. 2, which is a topographic map of the composite defect prepared by the present invention, "1" in fig. 2 is an unfused area prepared on the surface of a test block by a mechanical indentation method or a laser drilling method, and "2" in fig. 2 is a metal or ceramic powder with different materials, different particle sizes and different volume fractions added in the unfused area, which is dispersed and distributed in the unfused area to form a three-dimensional composite defect.
As shown in fig. 3, the diffusion bonding sample with three-dimensional composite defects prepared in the embodiment of the present invention has good diffusion bonding effect and tight connection, and can well meet the requirements of subsequent nondestructive testing.
Fig. 4 shows a scanning electron microscope image of the diffusion bonding sample prepared in the example of the present invention at the defect site. The three-dimensional morphology of the prepared composite defect can be seen from the figure, and the advantages and benefits of the invention can be illustrated by combining with figure 3.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A composite defect for metal additive manufacturing nondestructive testing, characterized by: the composite defect is a three-dimensional composite complex defect formed by dispersing metal or ceramic powder with different materials, different particle sizes and different volume fractions in an unfused area:
the powder is spherical or nearly spherical particles, and the size range of the powder particles is 10-100 mu m;
the powder particles are any one of titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, stainless steel and nickel-based alloy powder particles and tungsten, molybdenum and ceramic powder particles with high melting points; the volume fraction of the powder particles ranges from 10% to 50%.
2. The composite defect for metal additive manufacturing non-destructive inspection of claim 1, wherein: the unfused area is obtained by a mechanical indentation method or a laser drilling method; the unfused area is conical, hemispherical or quadrangular pyramid, the diameter range is 0.1-10mm, and the depth range is 20-5000 μm.
3. A method of preparing a composite defect for non-destructive inspection in metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the method is a vacuum diffusion bonding method and comprises the following steps:
s1: printing a metal test block by using additive manufacturing equipment;
s2: preparing an unfused area on the surface of the test block by using a mechanical indentation method or a laser drilling method;
s3: plating nickel on the surface of the test block containing the unfused area and the surface of the other test block without defects by using a magnetron sputtering coating machine, so that the surface of the test block meets the requirement of vacuum diffusion welding;
s4: adding powder particles to the unfused area of the surface of the test block;
s5: and connecting the nickel-plated surfaces of the two test blocks together by using a vacuum diffusion method to wrap the defect so as to form the built-in composite defect.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the types of test block materials required include additive manufacturing titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, stainless steel, and nickel-based alloys.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in step S2, before the surface defect of the test block is prepared, one surface for preparing the defect and one surface for vacuum diffusion bonding of another defect-free test block are polished, cleaned with alcohol and ultrasonic wave, and dried.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises: in the step S3, the process parameters of the magnetron sputtering coating machine for nickel plating are as follows: under the pressure of 0.5-1.0Pa, the temperature of 150 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 3x10-3pa, the sputtering time is 0.5-1h, and the sputtering power is 4-8w/cm2The thickness of the nickel-plated layer obtained under the condition of the output power of the radio frequency power supply of 150-300w is 1-5 μm.
7. The method for preparing a composite defect for metal additive manufacturing nondestructive testing according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: in step S5, the process parameters of the vacuum diffusion method are: diffusion connection pressure is 10-30Mpa, connection temperature is 850-.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN113695590A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-26 | 宿迁学院 | Layer-by-layer stacking forming method for low-boiling-point two-dimensional material |
| CN113959829A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-21 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Evaluation method for influence of internal defects on performance of additive manufacturing part |
| CN113984893A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-28 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Nondestructive testing method for interface of multilayer diffusion connection structural part |
| CN115178750A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-10-14 | 航材国创(青岛)高铁材料研究院有限公司 | Titanium alloy metal phased array standard test block and preparation method thereof |
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