CN113959829A - Evaluation method for influence of internal defects on performance of additive manufacturing part - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an evaluation method for the influence of internal defects on the performance of an additive manufacturing part, which comprises the following steps: establishing a mechanical influence coefficient of defect size, a mechanical influence coefficient of defect shape, a mechanical influence coefficient of defect position and a mechanical influence coefficient of comprehensive evaluation defect; the method detects the size, the position and the shape of the internal defect of the part by constructing a nondestructive detection method, establishes the size-to-performance influence coefficient, the position-to-performance influence coefficient, the shape-to-influence coefficient and the comprehensive influence coefficient, and qualitatively and quantitatively evaluates the influence rule of the size, the shape and the position of the internal defect of the additive manufacturing part on the mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical property evaluation of additive manufactured parts, in particular to an evaluation method for influence of internal defects on performance of an additive manufactured part.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology originates from the 60 th century, combines computer technology and material science, shapes parts by using the idea of dispersion and accumulation, has good effect on the processing of materials with complex structure and difficult processing and thin-wall parts, has the advantages of short processing period, no mould, high material utilization rate and the like, has good tree building in various materials such as titanium alloy, high-temperature alloy, iron-based alloy, aluminum alloy, ceramic and the like, is one of additive manufacturing technologies, is a novel integrated manufacturing technology combining laser cladding technology and rapid prototyping technology, is characterized by coaxial feeding of powder to be processed, utilizes laser to melt and deposit layer by layer according to a preset processing path, and continuously melts, cools and solidifies metal powder in the laser deposition manufacturing process so as to gradually stack layer by layer, in the deposition process, each layer which is solidified and formed needs to be subjected to thermal cycle of repeated heating and cooling, so that the laser deposition part has larger differences in structure, mechanical property and defect distribution in different forming directions.
Compared with the traditional casting and forging piece, the structural part manufactured by laser additive manufacturing has changed internal organization and mechanical property, and simultaneously has different defect forms, so that the detection data of the casting and forging piece cannot be directly used.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide an evaluation method for evaluating the influence of internal defects on the performance of an additive manufacturing part, which detects the size, position and shape of internal defects of the part by constructing a nondestructive testing method, and establishes a size-to-performance influence coefficient, a position-to-performance influence coefficient, a shape-to-influence coefficient and a comprehensive influence coefficient, so as to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the law of influence of the size, shape and position of the internal defects of the additive manufacturing part on the mechanical performance.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method of assessing the effect of internal defects on the performance of an additively manufactured part, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing the influence coefficient of defect size on mechanical property
Firstly, the parts with the specified height are manufactured in an additive mode according to the detection requirement, and different sizes R are manufactured in the manufacturing processyThe method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out additive manufacturing on three groups of parts for each group of defects, then carrying out additive manufacturing on one group of parts without defects, carrying out surface treatment on the parts with the defects and the parts without the defects after manufacturing to meet the requirements of nondestructive testing, then carrying out nondestructive testing on each group of parts, and carrying out average calculation on detection values to obtain the average value R of the sizes of the defectsjR is to bejAnd RyComparing to obtain the ratio between the detected size and the real size of the defect
A defect size impact function f is establishedc(RjI) then processing the defective part and the non-defective part into a tensile test bar and performing tensile test, and respectively averaging the test results to obtain an average value LpqxAnd LpwEstablishing the influence coefficient of defect size on mechanical property according to the comparison of tensile properties of the defective part and the non-defective part
Step two: establishing the influence coefficient of defect shape on mechanical property
Firstly, the parts with the specified height are manufactured in an additive mode according to the detection requirement, and different shapes X are manufactured in the manufacturing processyAnd additive manufacturing of each set of defects, establishing a defect shape impact factor fxThen, a set of flawless parts are manufactured in an additive mode, surface treatment is carried out on the flawed parts and the flawless parts after manufacturing is finished so as to meet the requirements of nondestructive testing, and then nondestructive testing is carried out on each set of parts so as to obtain the shape ZjThen processing the defective part and the non-defective part into a tensile test bar and performing tensile test, and respectively averaging the test results to obtain an average value LpqxAnd LpwEstablishing the influence coefficient of the defect shape on the mechanical property according to the comparison of the tensile properties of the defective part and the non-defective part
Step three: establishing the influence coefficient of defect position on mechanical property
Firstly, the parts with the specified height are manufactured in an additive mode according to the detection requirement, and different positions W are manufactured in the manufacturing processyThe method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out additive manufacturing on three groups of parts for each group of defects, then carrying out additive manufacturing on one group of parts without defects, carrying out surface treatment on the parts with the defects and the parts without the defects after manufacturing to meet the requirements of nondestructive testing, then carrying out nondestructive testing on each group of parts, carrying out average calculation on detection values to obtain the average value W of the defect positionsjEstablishing a defect location influence factor fwThen processing the defective part and the non-defective part into a tensile test bar and performing tensile test, and respectively averaging the test results to obtain an average value LpqxAnd LpwEstablishing the influence coefficient of the defect shape on the mechanical property according to the comparison of the tensile properties of the defective part and the non-defective part
Step four: comprehensive evaluation of the influence of defects on mechanical properties
And comprehensively considering the size, shape and position of the defect to obtain the mechanical property of the additive manufacturing part, wherein L is Lgb multiplied by k multiplied by m multiplied by n, namely the mechanical property standard value of the part, and the size, shape and position of the defect are detected in a nondestructive mode, and the mechanical property value of the part is calculated quantitatively.
The further improvement lies in that: in the second step, the defect shape influence factor fx1,0.9, 0.9,0.8, 1 when the defect shape is spherical, 0.9 when the defect shape is rectangular, and 0.8 when the defect shape is triangular.
The further improvement lies in that: in the third step, the defect position influence factor fw1,0.9 and 0.8, wherein the defect is 1 in the center of the part, 0.8 is taken when the defect is on the surface of the part and within 1mm from the part, and the rest is 0.9.
The further improvement lies in that: for different sizes RyDefect of (2), different shape XyAnd different positions WyThe part is prefabricated by adopting a machining method or is directly subjected to additive manufacturing inside the part by adopting an additive manufacturing method.
The further improvement lies in that: the machining method comprises drilling and pinning machining, milling electric spark machining and laser micromachining, when the defects are manufactured by the additive manufacturing method, a CAD digital model of the part is designed according to evaluation requirements, then the defect holes are reserved in the CAD digital model, and then the CAD digital model with the reserved defect holes is guided into additive manufacturing equipment for manufacturing.
The further improvement lies in that: the nondestructive testing adopts an ultrasonic or X-ray mode, and the tensile testing test bar is processed in a mechanical processing mode.
The further improvement lies in that: said different shapes XyThe defects of (a) include a spherical defect, a triangular defect, a rectangular defect or a rectangular defect, the different positions WyThe defects include part bottom defects, part middle defects, part upper defects, part surface defects and zeroA part subsurface defect or a part core defect.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method detects the size, the position and the shape of the internal defect of the part by constructing a nondestructive detection method, establishes the size-to-performance influence coefficient, the position-to-performance influence coefficient, the shape-to-influence coefficient and the comprehensive influence coefficient, and qualitatively and quantitatively evaluates the influence rule of the size, the shape and the position of the internal defect of the additive manufacturing part on the mechanical property.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a machining defect method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of manufacturing defects by an additive manufacturing method according to a second embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a method for evaluating an influence of an internal defect on performance of an additive manufactured part, including the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing the influence coefficient of defect size on mechanical property
Firstly, the parts with the specified height are manufactured in an additive mode according to the detection requirement, and the parts with different sizes R are manufactured by adopting a machining method in the manufacturing processyThe defects of (2) are spherical defects with diameters of 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm … … 1.0.0 mm, 1.1mm … … 1.9.9 mm and 2.0mm, three groups of parts are manufactured by additive manufacturing of each group of defects, a group of parts without defects are manufactured by additive manufacturing, surface treatment is carried out on the parts with defects and the parts without defects after manufacturing is finished so as to meet the requirements of nondestructive detection, then nondestructive detection is carried out on each group of parts by adopting ultrasound, the detection values are calculated averagely to obtain the average value R of the defect sizejIn the case of a known defect size, R is addedjAnd RyComparing to obtain the ratio between the detected size and the real size of the defect
A defect size impact function f is establishedc(RjI) machining the defective part and the non-defective part into a tensile test bar, performing tensile test, and averaging the test results to obtain an average value LpqxAnd LpwEstablishing the influence coefficient of defect size on mechanical property according to the comparison of tensile properties of the defective part and the non-defective part
Step two: establishing the influence coefficient of defect shape on mechanical property
Firstly, the parts with the specified height are manufactured in an additive mode according to the detection requirement, and different shapes X are manufactured by adopting a machining method in the manufacturing processySuch as spherical defects, triangular, rectangular, and additive manufacturing of each set of defects three sets of parts, establishing a defect shape impact factor fx1,0.9, 0.9 and 0.8, taking 1 when the defect shape is spherical, taking 0.9 when the defect shape is rectangular, taking 0.8 when the defect shape is triangular, then manufacturing a group of defect-free parts by additive manufacturing, performing surface treatment on the defect-free parts and the defect-free parts after manufacturing to meet the requirement of nondestructive testing, and then performing nondestructive testing on each group of parts by adopting ultrasound to obtain the shape ZjThen machining the defective part and the non-defective part into a tensile test bar and performing tensile test, and respectively averaging the test results to obtain an average value LpqxAnd LpwEstablishing the influence coefficient of the defect shape on the mechanical property according to the comparison of the tensile properties of the defective part and the non-defective part
Step three: establishing the influence coefficient of defect position on mechanical property
Firstly, the parts with the specified height are manufactured in an additive mode according to the detection requirement, andmanufacturing different positions W by adopting a machining method in the manufacturing processyThe defects of the component (A) are defects such as bottom defects, middle defects, upper defects, surface defects, subsurface defects or core defects of the component, three groups of components are additively manufactured for each group of defects, a group of defect-free components are additively manufactured, surface treatment is carried out on the defective components and the defect-free components after the defective components and the defect-free components are manufactured so as to meet the requirements of nondestructive testing, nondestructive testing is carried out on each group of components by adopting ultrasound, the detection values are averagely calculated, and the average value W of the defect positions is obtainedjEstablishing a defect location influence factor fw1,0.9 and 0.8, when the defect is 1 in the center of the part, when the defect is 0.8 in the surface of the part and within 1mm from the part, and the rest is 0.9, then machining the defective part and the defect-free part into a tensile test bar, performing tensile test, and respectively averaging the test results to obtain an average value LpqxAnd LpwEstablishing the influence coefficient of the defect shape on the mechanical property according to the comparison of the tensile properties of the defective part and the non-defective part
Step four: comprehensive evaluation of the influence of defects on mechanical properties
And comprehensively considering the size, shape and position of the defect to obtain the mechanical property of the additive manufacturing part, wherein L is Lgb multiplied by k multiplied by m multiplied by n, namely the mechanical property standard value of the part, and the size, shape and position of the defect are detected in a nondestructive mode, and the mechanical property value of the part is calculated quantitatively.
The mechanical processing method comprises drilling and pinning processing, milling electric spark processing and laser micro processing.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the present embodiment provides a method for evaluating an influence of an internal defect on performance of an additive manufactured part, including the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing the influence coefficient of defect size on mechanical property
Firstly, the parts with the specified height are manufactured in an additive mode according to the detection requirement and are directly manufactured in the manufacturing processAdditive manufacturing of different sizes R inside partsyThe defects of (2) are spherical defects with diameters of 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm … … 1.0.0 mm, 1.1mm … … 1.9.9 mm and 2.0mm, three groups of parts are manufactured by additive manufacturing of each group of defects, a group of parts without defects are manufactured by additive manufacturing, the surfaces of the parts with defects and the parts without defects are treated after the parts with defects and the parts without defects are manufactured so as to meet the requirements of nondestructive detection, then nondestructive detection is carried out on each group of parts by adopting X rays, the detection values are calculated averagely, and the average value R of the defect sizes is obtainedjIn the case of a known defect size, R is addedjAnd RyComparing to obtain the ratio between the detected size and the real size of the defect
A defect size impact function f is establishedc(RjI) machining the defective part and the non-defective part into a tensile test bar, performing tensile test, and averaging the test results to obtain an average value LpqxAnd LpwEstablishing the influence coefficient of defect size on mechanical property according to the comparison of tensile properties of the defective part and the non-defective part
Step two: establishing the influence coefficient of defect shape on mechanical property
Firstly, the parts with the specified height are manufactured in an additive mode according to the detection requirements, and different shapes X are directly manufactured in the parts in the additive mode in the manufacturing processySuch as spherical defects, triangular, rectangular, and additive manufacturing of each set of defects three sets of parts, establishing a defect shape impact factor fx1,0.9, 0.9 and 0.8, taking 1 when the defect shape is spherical, taking 0.9 when the defect shape is rectangular, taking 0.8 when the defect shape is triangular, then manufacturing a group of defect-free parts by additive manufacturing, performing surface treatment on the defect-free parts and the defect-free parts after manufacturing to meet the requirement of nondestructive testing, and then performing nondestructive testing on each group of parts by adopting X rays to obtain the shape ZjAfter which both defective parts and non-defective parts are producedMachining the test bar into a tensile test bar, performing tensile test, and respectively averaging the test results to obtain an average value LpqxAnd LpwEstablishing the influence coefficient of the defect shape on the mechanical property according to the comparison of the tensile properties of the defective part and the non-defective part
Step three: establishing the influence coefficient of defect position on mechanical property
Firstly, a part with a specified height is manufactured in an additive mode according to detection requirements, and different positions W are directly manufactured in the part in the additive mode in the manufacturing processyThe defects of the component (A) are defects such as bottom defects, middle defects, upper defects, surface defects, subsurface defects or core defects of the component, three groups of components are additively manufactured for each group of defects, a group of defect-free components are additively manufactured, surface treatment is carried out on the defective components and the defect-free components after the defective components and the defect-free components are manufactured so as to meet the requirements of nondestructive testing, nondestructive testing is carried out on each group of components by adopting X rays, the detection values are averagely calculated to obtain the average value W of the defect positionsjEstablishing a defect location influence factor fw1,0.9 and 0.8, when the defect is 1 in the center of the part, when the defect is 0.8 in the surface of the part and within 1mm from the part, and the rest is 0.9, then machining the defective part and the defect-free part into a tensile test bar, performing tensile test, and respectively averaging the test results to obtain an average value LpqxAnd LpwEstablishing the influence coefficient of the defect shape on the mechanical property according to the comparison of the tensile properties of the defective part and the non-defective part
Step four: comprehensive evaluation of the influence of defects on mechanical properties
And comprehensively considering the size, shape and position of the defect to obtain the mechanical property of the additive manufacturing part, wherein L is Lgb multiplied by k multiplied by m multiplied by n, namely the mechanical property standard value of the part, and the size, shape and position of the defect are detected in a nondestructive mode, and the mechanical property value of the part is calculated quantitatively.
When the defect is manufactured by the additive manufacturing method, the CAD digital model of the part is designed according to the evaluation requirement, the defect hole is reserved in the CAD digital model, and then the CAD digital model with the reserved defect hole is led into additive manufacturing equipment for manufacturing.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A method of assessing the effect of internal defects on the performance of an additive manufactured part, characterised by: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing the influence coefficient of defect size on mechanical property
Firstly, the parts with the specified height are manufactured in an additive mode according to the detection requirement, and different sizes R are manufactured in the manufacturing processyThe method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out additive manufacturing on three groups of parts for each group of defects, then carrying out additive manufacturing on one group of parts without defects, carrying out surface treatment on the parts with the defects and the parts without the defects after manufacturing to meet the requirements of nondestructive testing, then carrying out nondestructive testing on each group of parts, and carrying out average calculation on detection values to obtain the average value R of the sizes of the defectsjR is to bejAnd RyAnd comparing to obtain a ratio i between the detected size and the real size of the defect:
a defect size impact function f is establishedc(RjI) then processing the defective part and the non-defective part into a tensile test bar and performing tensile test, and respectively averaging the test results to obtain an average value LpqxAnd LpwAnd establishing a coefficient k of influence of the defect size on the mechanical property according to the comparison of the tensile properties of the defective part and the non-defective part:
step two: establishing the influence coefficient of defect shape on mechanical property
Firstly, the parts with the specified height are manufactured in an additive mode according to the detection requirement, and different shapes X are manufactured in the manufacturing processyAnd additive manufacturing of each set of defects, establishing a defect shape impact factor fxThen, a set of flawless parts are manufactured in an additive mode, surface treatment is carried out on the flawed parts and the flawless parts after manufacturing is finished so as to meet the requirements of nondestructive testing, and then nondestructive testing is carried out on each set of parts so as to obtain the shape ZjThen processing the defective part and the non-defective part into a tensile test bar and performing tensile test, and respectively averaging the test results to obtain an average value LpqxAnd LpwEstablishing the influence coefficient of the defect shape on the mechanical property according to the comparison of the tensile properties of the defective part and the non-defective part
Step three: establishing the influence coefficient of defect position on mechanical property
Firstly, the parts with the specified height are manufactured in an additive mode according to the detection requirement, and different positions W are manufactured in the manufacturing processyThe method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out additive manufacturing on three groups of parts for each group of defects, then carrying out additive manufacturing on one group of parts without defects, carrying out surface treatment on the parts with the defects and the parts without the defects after manufacturing to meet the requirements of nondestructive testing, then carrying out nondestructive testing on each group of parts, carrying out average calculation on detection values to obtain the average value W of the defect positionsjEstablishing a defect location influence factor fwThen processing the defective part and the non-defective part into a tensile test bar and performing tensile test, and respectively averaging the test results to obtain an average value LpqxAnd LpwEstablishing the influence coefficient of the defect shape on the mechanical property according to the comparison of the tensile properties of the defective part and the non-defective part
Step four: comprehensive evaluation of the influence of defects on mechanical properties
And comprehensively considering the size, shape and position of the defect to obtain the mechanical property of the additive manufacturing part, wherein L is Lgb multiplied by k multiplied by m multiplied by n, namely the mechanical property standard value of the part, and the size, shape and position of the defect are detected in a nondestructive mode, and the mechanical property value of the part is calculated quantitatively.
2. A method of assessing the effect of internal defects on the performance of an additively manufactured part according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the defect shape influence factor fx1,0.9, 0.9,0.8, 1 when the defect shape is spherical, 0.9 when the defect shape is rectangular, and 0.8 when the defect shape is triangular.
3. A method of assessing the effect of internal defects on the performance of an additively manufactured part according to claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the defect position influence factor fw1,0.9 and 0.8, wherein the defect is 1 in the center of the part, 0.8 is taken when the defect is on the surface of the part and within 1mm from the part, and the rest is 0.9.
4. A method of assessing the effect of internal defects on the performance of an additively manufactured part according to claim 1, wherein: for different sizes RyDefect of (2), different shape XyAnd different positions WyThe part is prefabricated by adopting a machining method or is directly subjected to additive manufacturing inside the part by adopting an additive manufacturing method.
5. A method of assessing the effect of internal defects on the performance of an additively manufactured part according to claim 4, wherein: the machining method comprises drilling and pinning machining, milling electric spark machining and laser micromachining, when the defects are manufactured by the additive manufacturing method, a CAD digital model of the part is designed according to evaluation requirements, then the defect holes are reserved in the CAD digital model, and then the CAD digital model with the reserved defect holes is guided into additive manufacturing equipment for manufacturing.
6. A method of assessing the effect of internal defects on the performance of an additively manufactured part according to claim 1, wherein: the nondestructive testing adopts an ultrasonic or X-ray mode, and the tensile testing test bar is processed in a mechanical processing mode.
7. A method of assessing the effect of internal defects on the performance of an additively manufactured part according to claim 1, wherein: said different shapes XyThe defects of (a) include a spherical defect, a triangular defect, a rectangular defect or a rectangular defect, the different positions WyThe defects comprise part bottom defects, part middle defects, part upper defects, part surface defects, part subsurface defects or part core defects.
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| CN108982538A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-12-11 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | A kind of defect of metal material increasing material manufacturing product and metallographic structure detection method |
| CN111710377A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-09-25 | 上海交通大学 | Test bar design method and system for evaluating influence of loose defect on mechanical property |
| CN113182531A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-30 | 武汉大学 | Composite defect for metal additive manufacturing nondestructive testing and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108982538A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-12-11 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | A kind of defect of metal material increasing material manufacturing product and metallographic structure detection method |
| CN111710377A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-09-25 | 上海交通大学 | Test bar design method and system for evaluating influence of loose defect on mechanical property |
| CN113182531A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-30 | 武汉大学 | Composite defect for metal additive manufacturing nondestructive testing and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115326846A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-11-11 | 北京动力机械研究所 | Additive manufacturing component quality evaluation method |
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