CN109870338A - A kind of preparation method of endoprosthetic's defect for increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of endoprosthetic's defect for increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing Download PDF

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CN109870338A
CN109870338A CN201910159363.2A CN201910159363A CN109870338A CN 109870338 A CN109870338 A CN 109870338A CN 201910159363 A CN201910159363 A CN 201910159363A CN 109870338 A CN109870338 A CN 109870338A
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defect
preparation
welding
diffusion
endoprosthetic
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赵鑫
杨兵
张俊
丁辉
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Wuhan University WHU
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Wuhan University WHU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of endoprosthetic's defect for increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing.The built-in defect preparation method is completed by two steps, and the first step is to prepare defect in test block surface using mechanical indentation method or chemical etching method, and second step is to be welded together two test blocks using diffusion in vacuum welding method, becomes the diffusion welding (DW) sample of built-in defect.It is easy to operate using hardometer or chemical etching method preparation defect, and the defect of different shape and size can be prepared;Diffusion welding (DW) connection has the advantages that precision is high, applied widely, it is high that size penalty and strength of joint of the defect in diffusion connection can be reduced to the greatest extent, it can be suitable for the connection of multiple material, the simulation of defect in increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing can largely be met, there is very high application prospect.

Description

A kind of preparation method of endoprosthetic's defect for increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of non destructive testing, are related to a kind of increasing material non-destructive testing technology, and in particular to one kind is for increasing material Manufacture the preparation method of endoprosthetic's defect of non-destructive testing.
Background technique
Increases material manufacturing technology be for traditional machining etc. " subtract material manufacture " technology, the technology be based on from Dissipate/accumulation principle, using alloy powder or silk material as raw material, using the high energy beams such as laser, electron beam carry out in-situ metallurgical fusing/ Quickly solidification successively accumulation directly completes complete fine and close, high-performance metal product near-net-shape system from one step of part mathematical model It makes, compared with the conventional metals product manufacturing technology such as forging and stamping+machining, forging+welding, has and be not necessarily to cutter and mold, material Expect the advantages such as utilization rate is high, the product manufacturing period is short, the manufacture of achievable labyrinth, is particularly suitable for aircraft, airship, leads Low cost, the short cycle, Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing of the large complicated hardware of the aerospaces defence equipment such as bullet, satellite.But Due to the influence of raw material and moulding process, inevitably there is various defects in increasing material manufacturing part, common defect has Incomplete fusion, stomata, slag inclusion, crackle etc., internal metallurgical defect will significantly affect the performance of material, and hole is in part use process It is easy to cause stress to concentrate, becomes formation of crack, reduce the service life of material, the tiny flaws such as incomplete fusion, crackle, slag inclusion are being handed over It is gradually extended under the long term of varying stress, is finally possible to cause fatigue fracture accident.In order to improve increasing material manufacturing key portion The comprehensive performance and long service safety and reliability of part, internal flaw control and detection have become material increasing field Research hotspot.
The test block of increasing material manufacturing is usually disposable, and manufacturing cost is extremely expensive, therefore traditional destructive examination Test the detection for being usually not used to increasing material manufacturing test block.Simultaneously as increasing material manufacturing test block creates from level to level, attribute is more It is difficult to predict this just proposes challenge to the quality testing of increasing material manufacturing test block.In a sense, non-destructive testing can be with It is not damaging or is not influencing detected object service performance, under the premise of not injuring detected object interior tissue, utilizing material There are the variations of the reactions such as caused heat, sound, light, electricity, magnetic for internal structure exception or defect, either physically or chemically for hand Section, type, property by up to date technics and equipment and material, to the structure of test specimen inside and surface, property, state and defect Matter, quantity, shape, position, size, distribution and its variation are checked and are tested.In order to the defect generated in increasing material manufacturing Accurate qualitative and quantitative study is carried out, is had great importance to the accurate simulation of defect.
Manually defect mainly has flat-bottom hole, horizontal through-hole, big flat, ball and surface near surface crackle for non-destructive testing at present Equal gross imperfections, are unable to satisfy the testing requirements of the internal flaw of complicated and small scale in increasing material manufacturing, therefore different shape and not Preparation with defect built in scale has very strong application prospect and value in increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in view of the above problems, be intended to provide a kind of preparation side of increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing endoprosthetic's defect Method.Common defective workmanship during producing increasing material manufacturing in different-alloy test block is the non-destructive testing of increasing material manufacturing process The exploitation of technology provides scientific basis.Defect is prepared using mechanical indentation method and the method for chemical etching, it is simple and convenient, it can make The defect of standby different shape and size.Meanwhile diffusion welding (DW) connection is in the material surface to contact with each other, in the work of temperature and pressure It is close to each other under, it is locally plastically deformed, phase counterdiffusion is generated between atom, new diffusion layer is formd in interface, from And the connection realized.The mode of diffusion welding (DW) has the advantages that precision is high, deformation is small, can reduce the ruler of defect in the welding process Very little loss, while the defect when melting welding such as stomata, macroscopic cracking is not generated without solidified structure in engaging zones, to will not draw Enter new defect;When same material engages, diffusion welding (DW) can get connector identical with base material performance, there's almost no remnants and answers Power can be good at meeting the requirement of non-destructive testing manually defect.
The technical solution of product of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of preparation method of endoprosthetic's defect for increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing, which is characterized in that including following Two key steps:
Step 1 prepares defect in test block surface using mechanical indentation method or chemical etching method;
Step 2 is welded together two test blocks using diffusion in vacuum welding method, is wrapped in defect interior as built-in scarce It falls into.
Further, the built-in defect of preparation be pyramid shape, hemispherical, cone and cylinder in any one or Person is several, and the catercorner length range of pyramid shape is 5-300 μm, and depth bounds are 5-300 μm;Hemispheric diameter range is 0.1-10mm;The diameter range of cone is 10-3000 μm, and depth bounds are 10-3000 μm;The diameter range of cylindrical defect It is 10-1000 μm, depth bounds are 10-5000 μm.
Further, the mechanical indentation method include micro Vickers indentation method, Brinell hardness tester indentation method and Rockwell apparatus indentation method.
Further, the micro Vickers range of test force is 10-1000gf, and protecting and carrying time range is 2-20s; Brinell hardness tester range of test force is 100-3000kgf, and protecting and carrying time range is 5-30s;Rockwell apparatus range of test force is 50-200kgf is protected and is carried the time as 10s.
Further, the chemical etchant that the chemical etching method uses be hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide with And any one in hydrochloric acid dioxygen water mixed liquid or several, etch period 1-100min.
Further, prepare endoprosthetic's defect test block material be stainless steel, copper alloy, aluminium alloy, titanium alloy and Any one in high temperature alloy.
Further, diffusion in vacuum welding method described in step 2 the specific steps are:
Polishing one side by a test block containing defect carries out docking assembling with another test block with or without the burnishing surface of defect, It is put into Vacuum diffusion bonding furnace and is welded;The welding parameter is that pressure head pressure is 2-200Mpa, and pressure is 1x10 in furnace-2~ 1x 10-3Pa, welding temperature are 300~2000 DEG C, weld interval 30-300min, cool to room temperature after the completion of welding with the furnace.
Further, in the step 1, first to polish in the one side for being used to prepare defect before test block preparation surface defect, Alcohol ultrasonic cleaning is utilized after polishing and is dried up.
Therefore, the invention has the following advantages that
(1) method of present invention preparation endoprosthetic's defect is easy and economical.
(2) present invention can flexibly prepare the defect of different sizes and shapes, can largely meet and increase material system Make the requirement of defects detection.
(3) present invention can prepare material internal defect using the method for diffusion welding (DW), have precision height, joint quality good, and Can using with a variety of different materials, have wide range of applications.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is diffusion in vacuum connection unit construction principle schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that micro Vickers prepare rectangular pyramid endoprosthetic's defect schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that Rockwell apparatus prepares conical endoprosthetic's defect schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is Brinell hardness tester preparation hemispherical endoprosthetic defect schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that chemical etching prepares cylindrical defect schematic diagram.
1- push-down head, 2- seaming chuck, 3- test block, 4- vacuum orifice, 5- heater, 6- furnace body, 7- transmission rod, 8- hydraulic pressure system System.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, being diffusion in vacuum connection unit construction principle schematic diagram of the present invention, diffusion in vacuum connection equipment includes Vacuum chamber, shown vacuum chamber are equipped with vacuum orifice 4, mechanical pump and diffusion pump and take out very to vacuum furnace body 6 by vacuum orifice 4 It is empty.About 3 test block respectively has a graphite pressure head, respectively push-down head 1 and seaming chuck 2, and hydraulic system 8 is by transmission rod 7 to upper Push-down head applies axial compressive force, and is transmitted in test block 3, and furnace body 6 is heated by heater 5.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of endoprosthetic's defect for increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing, including it is following Two key steps:
Step 1 prepares defect in test block surface using mechanical indentation method or chemical etching method, and surface defect type includes four Pyramid, hemispherical, cone and cylinder, the catercorner length range of pyramid shape are 5-300 μm, depth bounds 5- 300μm;Hemispheric diameter range is 0.1-10mm;The diameter range of cone is 10-3000 μm, depth bounds 10- 3000μm;The diameter range of cylindrical defect is 10-1000 μm, and depth bounds are 10-5000 μm, can be with every kind of defect preparation one A test block can also prepare multiple test blocks with every kind of defect, increase the precision of subsequent non-destructive test;The mechanical indentation method packet Include micro Vickers indentation method, Brinell hardness tester indentation method and Rockwell apparatus indentation method;The micro-vickers hardness Meter range of test force is 10-1000gf, and protecting and carrying time range is 2-20s;Brinell hardness tester range of test force is 100- 3000kgf, protecting and carrying time range is 5-30s;Rockwell apparatus range of test force is 50-200kgf, protects and carries the time as 10s;Institute The chemical etchant that chemical etching method uses is stated as in hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid dioxygen water mixed liquid Any one or several, etch period 1-100min;
Step 2 is welded together two test blocks using diffusion in vacuum welding method, is wrapped in defect interior as built-in scarce It falls into, specific steps are as follows: polishing by a test block containing defect carries out pair with another test block with or without the burnishing surface of defect on one side Assembling is connect, is put into Vacuum diffusion bonding furnace and is welded;The welding parameter is that pressure head pressure is 2-200Mpa, and pressure is in furnace 1x10-2~1x 10-3Pa, welding temperature are 300~2000 DEG C, weld interval 30-300min, furnace cooling after the completion of welding To room temperature.
As a kind of more excellent embodiment, in the step 1, first defect is being used to prepare before test block preparation surface defect It polished on one side using 400-2000 sand paper, polish simultaneously alcohol ultrasonic cleaning later and dry up.
Defect is prepared on the surface of the material method particularly includes:
Pyramid shape defect is prepared with micro Vickers, rotates load handwheel, chooses 10-1000gf test force, point LOAD is hit, 2-20s is loaded.Protecting instrument after carrying can unload automatically, and object lens are automatically brought on sample, so that it may observe rectangular pyramid Impression.
Hemispherical defect is prepared with Brinell hardness tester, selects 1-10mm sintering skin of cemented carbide pressure head, applies 100-3000kgf Test force, protect carry 5-30s, identation cup just can be observed after unloading.
Conical defect is prepared with Rockwell apparatus, 120 ° of diamond circular pyramid indenters is selected, applies the examination of 50-200kgf Power is tested, protects and carries 10s, cone impression just can be observed after unloading.
Prepare cylindrical defect with chemical etchant, uniform fold photoresist and dry on the surface of the material first, then into Row exposure, development form the mask containing cylindrical defect, perform etching 1- using certain density acid solution or aqueous slkali 100min, is then removed photoresist and flushing is handled, and can be obtained cylindrical defect.
Use the diffusion welding (DW) sample size range made of the above method containing endoprosthetic's defect for 20-100mm.
Embodiment 1, for rectangular pyramid endoprosthetic's defect, step 1,304 stainless steel test blocks are carried out 400,600, 1000,1200,1600 and No. 2000 sand paper are polished and are polished, and carry out ultrasonic cleaning with alcohol and dry up;Step 2 is used Micro Vickers are got ready, and load is respectively 10,25,50,100,200,300,500,1000gf, protect the lotus time be 10s;Burnishing surface containing defect is stacked with another burnishing surface without defect, is put into Vacuum diffusion bonding furnace by step 3 In be diffused weldering connection, pressure head pressure is 20Mpa, and pressure is 1x10 in furnace-2Pa, welding temperature are 1050 DEG C, weld interval For 80min, room temperature is cooled to after the completion of welding with the furnace, obtain rectangular pyramid endoprosthetic defect, as shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 2, for conical endoprosthetic's defect, fine copper test block is carried out 400,600,1000 by step 1, 1200,1600 and No. 2000 sand paper are polished and are polished, and carry out ultrasonic cleaning with alcohol and dry up;Step 2 uses Rockwell Hardometer is got ready, test force 150kgf, and guarantor's lotus time is 10s;Step 3 is free of the burnishing surface containing defect with another The burnishing surface of defect is stacked, and is put into Vacuum diffusion bonding furnace and is diffused weldering connection, pressure head pressure is 15Mpa, in furnace Pressure is 1x10-2Pa, welding temperature are 750 DEG C, weld interval 80min, cool to room temperature with the furnace after the completion of welding, are justified Taper endoprosthetic's defect, as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 3, for hemispherical endoprosthetic's defect, step 1, IN625 alloy test block is carried out 400,600, 1000,1200,1600 and No. 2000 sand paper are polished and are polished, and carry out ultrasonic cleaning with alcohol and dry up;Step 2 is used Brinell hardness tester is got ready, and test force is respectively 187.5,250,750,1000,3000kgf, and guarantor's lotus time is 30s;Step Three, the burnishing surface containing defect is stacked with another burnishing surface without defect, is put into Vacuum diffusion bonding furnace and is expanded Weldering connection is dissipated, pressure head pressure is 20Mpa, and pressure is 1x10 in furnace-2Pa, welding temperature are 1150 DEG C, weld interval 100min, It cools to room temperature after the completion of welding with the furnace, obtains hemispherical endoprosthetic defect, as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment 4, for cylindrical defect, step 1, AlSi10Mg test block is carried out 400,600,1000,1200, 1600 and No. 2000 sand paper are polished and are polished, and carry out ultrasonic cleaning with alcohol and dry up;Step 2, by AZ6130 positivity Glue is coated uniformly on aluminum alloy surface and dries, be then exposed, develop formed the mask containing cylindrical defect, be with concentration The NaOH solution of 1.0mol/L performs etching 5min, is then removed photoresist and flushing is handled;Step 3, by the burnishing surface containing defect It is stacked with another burnishing surface without defect, is put into Vacuum diffusion bonding furnace and is diffused weldering connection, pressure head pressure is 15Mpa, pressure is 1x10 in furnace-2Pa, welding temperature are 500 DEG C, weld interval 80min, are cooled to the furnace after the completion of welding Room temperature obtains cylindrical endoprosthetic's defect, as shown in Figure 5.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of preparation method of endoprosthetic's defect for increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing, which is characterized in that including following two A key step:
Step 1 prepares defect in test block surface using mechanical indentation method or chemical etching method;
Step 2 is welded together two test blocks using diffusion in vacuum welding method, is wrapped in defect interior as built-in defect, system At the diffusion welding (DW) sample containing endoprosthetic's defect.
2. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the built-in defect of preparation is pyramid shape, hemispherical, circle In taper and cylinder any one or it is several, the catercorner length range of pyramid shape is 5-300 μm, and depth bounds are 5-300μm;Hemispheric diameter range is 0.1-10mm;The diameter range of cone is 10-3000 μm, depth bounds 10- 3000μm;The diameter range of cylindrical defect is 10-1000 μm, and depth bounds are 10-5000 μm.
3. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mechanical indentation method includes micro Vickers pressure Trace method, Brinell hardness tester indentation method and Rockwell apparatus indentation method.
4. preparation method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the micro Vickers range of test force is 10- 1000gf, protecting and carrying time range is 2-20s;Brinell hardness tester range of test force is 100-3000kgf, and protecting and carrying time range is 5- 30s;Rockwell apparatus range of test force is 50-200kgf, protects and carries the time as 10s.
5. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the chemical etchant that the chemical etching method uses is hydrogen Any one in fluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid dioxygen water mixed liquid or several, etch period 1- 100min。
6. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the test block material of preparation endoprosthetic's defect is stainless Any one in steel, copper alloy, aluminium alloy, titanium alloy and high temperature alloy.
7. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: diffusion in vacuum welding method described in step 2 the specific steps are:
Polishing one side by a test block containing defect carries out docking assembling with another test block with or without the burnishing surface of defect, is put into It is welded in Vacuum diffusion bonding furnace;The welding parameter is that pressure head pressure is 2-200Mpa, and pressure is 1 x 10 in furnace-2~1 x 10-3Pa, welding temperature are 300~2000 DEG C, weld interval 30-300min, cool to room temperature after the completion of welding with the furnace.
8. preparation method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: in the step 1, first wanted before test block preparation surface defect It polishes in the one side for being used to prepare defect, alcohol ultrasonic cleaning is utilized after polishing and dries up.
CN201910159363.2A 2019-03-04 2019-03-04 A kind of preparation method of endoprosthetic's defect for increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing Pending CN109870338A (en)

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CN110470727A (en) * 2019-09-03 2019-11-19 西安航空职业技术学院 A kind of electromagnetic detection tubulose natural flaw sample and production method
CN110470728A (en) * 2019-09-03 2019-11-19 西安航空职业技术学院 A kind of Magnetic testing natural flaw test block and production method
CN110824021A (en) * 2019-11-12 2020-02-21 中广核检测技术有限公司 A standard test block subassembly for additive manufacturing nondestructive test
CN111207986A (en) * 2020-04-22 2020-05-29 中国航发上海商用航空发动机制造有限责任公司 Non-destructive testing method for non-fusion defect, testing standard part and manufacturing method thereof
CN111610257A (en) * 2020-05-18 2020-09-01 武汉大学 Array ultrasonic focusing imaging correction method for metal additive manufacturing heterogeneous tissue
CN111855803A (en) * 2020-07-28 2020-10-30 武汉大学 Laser ultrasonic high signal-to-noise ratio imaging method for manufacturing micro defects by metal additive
CN112881532A (en) * 2021-01-20 2021-06-01 西北工业大学 Ultrasonic detection test block for diffusion welding lamination defects, and preparation method and application thereof
CN112881533A (en) * 2021-01-20 2021-06-01 西北工业大学 Ultrasonic detection test block and preparation method thereof
CN113049459A (en) * 2019-12-26 2021-06-29 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 Pore comparison test block for additive manufacturing and manufacturing method thereof
CN113049331A (en) * 2021-03-12 2021-06-29 北京中实国金国际实验室能力验证研究有限公司 Preparation method of nondestructive testing simulation test block and simulation test block
CN113109439A (en) * 2021-04-23 2021-07-13 北京领示科技有限公司 Method for preparing inclusion defects with controllable size and position in metal material
CN113182531A (en) * 2021-03-31 2021-07-30 武汉大学 Composite defect for metal additive manufacturing nondestructive testing and preparation method thereof
CN114871539A (en) * 2022-04-28 2022-08-09 武汉一冶钢结构有限责任公司 Preparation method of austenitic stainless steel test block with slag inclusion defect for nondestructive testing

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CN110470728B (en) * 2019-09-03 2023-06-20 西安航空职业技术学院 Natural defect test block for magnetic powder detection and manufacturing method
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CN110824021A (en) * 2019-11-12 2020-02-21 中广核检测技术有限公司 A standard test block subassembly for additive manufacturing nondestructive test
CN113049459A (en) * 2019-12-26 2021-06-29 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 Pore comparison test block for additive manufacturing and manufacturing method thereof
CN111207986A (en) * 2020-04-22 2020-05-29 中国航发上海商用航空发动机制造有限责任公司 Non-destructive testing method for non-fusion defect, testing standard part and manufacturing method thereof
CN111610257A (en) * 2020-05-18 2020-09-01 武汉大学 Array ultrasonic focusing imaging correction method for metal additive manufacturing heterogeneous tissue
CN111610257B (en) * 2020-05-18 2021-07-20 武汉大学 Array ultrasonic focusing imaging correction method for metal additive manufacturing heterogeneous tissue
CN111855803A (en) * 2020-07-28 2020-10-30 武汉大学 Laser ultrasonic high signal-to-noise ratio imaging method for manufacturing micro defects by metal additive
CN112881533A (en) * 2021-01-20 2021-06-01 西北工业大学 Ultrasonic detection test block and preparation method thereof
CN112881532B (en) * 2021-01-20 2023-02-24 西北工业大学 Ultrasonic detection test block for diffusion welding lamination defects, and preparation method and application thereof
CN112881532A (en) * 2021-01-20 2021-06-01 西北工业大学 Ultrasonic detection test block for diffusion welding lamination defects, and preparation method and application thereof
CN113049331A (en) * 2021-03-12 2021-06-29 北京中实国金国际实验室能力验证研究有限公司 Preparation method of nondestructive testing simulation test block and simulation test block
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