CN109870338A - A kind of preparation method of endoprosthetic's defect for increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of endoprosthetic's defect for increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of endoprosthetic's defect for increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing.The built-in defect preparation method is completed by two steps, and the first step is to prepare defect in test block surface using mechanical indentation method or chemical etching method, and second step is to be welded together two test blocks using diffusion in vacuum welding method, becomes the diffusion welding (DW) sample of built-in defect.It is easy to operate using hardometer or chemical etching method preparation defect, and the defect of different shape and size can be prepared;Diffusion welding (DW) connection has the advantages that precision is high, applied widely, it is high that size penalty and strength of joint of the defect in diffusion connection can be reduced to the greatest extent, it can be suitable for the connection of multiple material, the simulation of defect in increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing can largely be met, there is very high application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of non destructive testing, are related to a kind of increasing material non-destructive testing technology, and in particular to one kind is for increasing material
Manufacture the preparation method of endoprosthetic's defect of non-destructive testing.
Background technique
Increases material manufacturing technology be for traditional machining etc. " subtract material manufacture " technology, the technology be based on from
Dissipate/accumulation principle, using alloy powder or silk material as raw material, using the high energy beams such as laser, electron beam carry out in-situ metallurgical fusing/
Quickly solidification successively accumulation directly completes complete fine and close, high-performance metal product near-net-shape system from one step of part mathematical model
It makes, compared with the conventional metals product manufacturing technology such as forging and stamping+machining, forging+welding, has and be not necessarily to cutter and mold, material
Expect the advantages such as utilization rate is high, the product manufacturing period is short, the manufacture of achievable labyrinth, is particularly suitable for aircraft, airship, leads
Low cost, the short cycle, Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing of the large complicated hardware of the aerospaces defence equipment such as bullet, satellite.But
Due to the influence of raw material and moulding process, inevitably there is various defects in increasing material manufacturing part, common defect has
Incomplete fusion, stomata, slag inclusion, crackle etc., internal metallurgical defect will significantly affect the performance of material, and hole is in part use process
It is easy to cause stress to concentrate, becomes formation of crack, reduce the service life of material, the tiny flaws such as incomplete fusion, crackle, slag inclusion are being handed over
It is gradually extended under the long term of varying stress, is finally possible to cause fatigue fracture accident.In order to improve increasing material manufacturing key portion
The comprehensive performance and long service safety and reliability of part, internal flaw control and detection have become material increasing field
Research hotspot.
The test block of increasing material manufacturing is usually disposable, and manufacturing cost is extremely expensive, therefore traditional destructive examination
Test the detection for being usually not used to increasing material manufacturing test block.Simultaneously as increasing material manufacturing test block creates from level to level, attribute is more
It is difficult to predict this just proposes challenge to the quality testing of increasing material manufacturing test block.In a sense, non-destructive testing can be with
It is not damaging or is not influencing detected object service performance, under the premise of not injuring detected object interior tissue, utilizing material
There are the variations of the reactions such as caused heat, sound, light, electricity, magnetic for internal structure exception or defect, either physically or chemically for hand
Section, type, property by up to date technics and equipment and material, to the structure of test specimen inside and surface, property, state and defect
Matter, quantity, shape, position, size, distribution and its variation are checked and are tested.In order to the defect generated in increasing material manufacturing
Accurate qualitative and quantitative study is carried out, is had great importance to the accurate simulation of defect.
Manually defect mainly has flat-bottom hole, horizontal through-hole, big flat, ball and surface near surface crackle for non-destructive testing at present
Equal gross imperfections, are unable to satisfy the testing requirements of the internal flaw of complicated and small scale in increasing material manufacturing, therefore different shape and not
Preparation with defect built in scale has very strong application prospect and value in increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in view of the above problems, be intended to provide a kind of preparation side of increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing endoprosthetic's defect
Method.Common defective workmanship during producing increasing material manufacturing in different-alloy test block is the non-destructive testing of increasing material manufacturing process
The exploitation of technology provides scientific basis.Defect is prepared using mechanical indentation method and the method for chemical etching, it is simple and convenient, it can make
The defect of standby different shape and size.Meanwhile diffusion welding (DW) connection is in the material surface to contact with each other, in the work of temperature and pressure
It is close to each other under, it is locally plastically deformed, phase counterdiffusion is generated between atom, new diffusion layer is formd in interface, from
And the connection realized.The mode of diffusion welding (DW) has the advantages that precision is high, deformation is small, can reduce the ruler of defect in the welding process
Very little loss, while the defect when melting welding such as stomata, macroscopic cracking is not generated without solidified structure in engaging zones, to will not draw
Enter new defect;When same material engages, diffusion welding (DW) can get connector identical with base material performance, there's almost no remnants and answers
Power can be good at meeting the requirement of non-destructive testing manually defect.
The technical solution of product of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of preparation method of endoprosthetic's defect for increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing, which is characterized in that including following
Two key steps:
Step 1 prepares defect in test block surface using mechanical indentation method or chemical etching method;
Step 2 is welded together two test blocks using diffusion in vacuum welding method, is wrapped in defect interior as built-in scarce
It falls into.
Further, the built-in defect of preparation be pyramid shape, hemispherical, cone and cylinder in any one or
Person is several, and the catercorner length range of pyramid shape is 5-300 μm, and depth bounds are 5-300 μm;Hemispheric diameter range is
0.1-10mm;The diameter range of cone is 10-3000 μm, and depth bounds are 10-3000 μm;The diameter range of cylindrical defect
It is 10-1000 μm, depth bounds are 10-5000 μm.
Further, the mechanical indentation method include micro Vickers indentation method, Brinell hardness tester indentation method and
Rockwell apparatus indentation method.
Further, the micro Vickers range of test force is 10-1000gf, and protecting and carrying time range is 2-20s;
Brinell hardness tester range of test force is 100-3000kgf, and protecting and carrying time range is 5-30s;Rockwell apparatus range of test force is
50-200kgf is protected and is carried the time as 10s.
Further, the chemical etchant that the chemical etching method uses be hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide with
And any one in hydrochloric acid dioxygen water mixed liquid or several, etch period 1-100min.
Further, prepare endoprosthetic's defect test block material be stainless steel, copper alloy, aluminium alloy, titanium alloy and
Any one in high temperature alloy.
Further, diffusion in vacuum welding method described in step 2 the specific steps are:
Polishing one side by a test block containing defect carries out docking assembling with another test block with or without the burnishing surface of defect,
It is put into Vacuum diffusion bonding furnace and is welded;The welding parameter is that pressure head pressure is 2-200Mpa, and pressure is 1x10 in furnace-2~
1x 10-3Pa, welding temperature are 300~2000 DEG C, weld interval 30-300min, cool to room temperature after the completion of welding with the furnace.
Further, in the step 1, first to polish in the one side for being used to prepare defect before test block preparation surface defect,
Alcohol ultrasonic cleaning is utilized after polishing and is dried up.
Therefore, the invention has the following advantages that
(1) method of present invention preparation endoprosthetic's defect is easy and economical.
(2) present invention can flexibly prepare the defect of different sizes and shapes, can largely meet and increase material system
Make the requirement of defects detection.
(3) present invention can prepare material internal defect using the method for diffusion welding (DW), have precision height, joint quality good, and
Can using with a variety of different materials, have wide range of applications.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is diffusion in vacuum connection unit construction principle schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that micro Vickers prepare rectangular pyramid endoprosthetic's defect schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that Rockwell apparatus prepares conical endoprosthetic's defect schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is Brinell hardness tester preparation hemispherical endoprosthetic defect schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that chemical etching prepares cylindrical defect schematic diagram.
1- push-down head, 2- seaming chuck, 3- test block, 4- vacuum orifice, 5- heater, 6- furnace body, 7- transmission rod, 8- hydraulic pressure system
System.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, being diffusion in vacuum connection unit construction principle schematic diagram of the present invention, diffusion in vacuum connection equipment includes
Vacuum chamber, shown vacuum chamber are equipped with vacuum orifice 4, mechanical pump and diffusion pump and take out very to vacuum furnace body 6 by vacuum orifice 4
It is empty.About 3 test block respectively has a graphite pressure head, respectively push-down head 1 and seaming chuck 2, and hydraulic system 8 is by transmission rod 7 to upper
Push-down head applies axial compressive force, and is transmitted in test block 3, and furnace body 6 is heated by heater 5.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of endoprosthetic's defect for increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing, including it is following
Two key steps:
Step 1 prepares defect in test block surface using mechanical indentation method or chemical etching method, and surface defect type includes four
Pyramid, hemispherical, cone and cylinder, the catercorner length range of pyramid shape are 5-300 μm, depth bounds 5-
300μm;Hemispheric diameter range is 0.1-10mm;The diameter range of cone is 10-3000 μm, depth bounds 10-
3000μm;The diameter range of cylindrical defect is 10-1000 μm, and depth bounds are 10-5000 μm, can be with every kind of defect preparation one
A test block can also prepare multiple test blocks with every kind of defect, increase the precision of subsequent non-destructive test;The mechanical indentation method packet
Include micro Vickers indentation method, Brinell hardness tester indentation method and Rockwell apparatus indentation method;The micro-vickers hardness
Meter range of test force is 10-1000gf, and protecting and carrying time range is 2-20s;Brinell hardness tester range of test force is 100-
3000kgf, protecting and carrying time range is 5-30s;Rockwell apparatus range of test force is 50-200kgf, protects and carries the time as 10s;Institute
The chemical etchant that chemical etching method uses is stated as in hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid dioxygen water mixed liquid
Any one or several, etch period 1-100min;
Step 2 is welded together two test blocks using diffusion in vacuum welding method, is wrapped in defect interior as built-in scarce
It falls into, specific steps are as follows: polishing by a test block containing defect carries out pair with another test block with or without the burnishing surface of defect on one side
Assembling is connect, is put into Vacuum diffusion bonding furnace and is welded;The welding parameter is that pressure head pressure is 2-200Mpa, and pressure is in furnace
1x10-2~1x 10-3Pa, welding temperature are 300~2000 DEG C, weld interval 30-300min, furnace cooling after the completion of welding
To room temperature.
As a kind of more excellent embodiment, in the step 1, first defect is being used to prepare before test block preparation surface defect
It polished on one side using 400-2000 sand paper, polish simultaneously alcohol ultrasonic cleaning later and dry up.
Defect is prepared on the surface of the material method particularly includes:
Pyramid shape defect is prepared with micro Vickers, rotates load handwheel, chooses 10-1000gf test force, point
LOAD is hit, 2-20s is loaded.Protecting instrument after carrying can unload automatically, and object lens are automatically brought on sample, so that it may observe rectangular pyramid
Impression.
Hemispherical defect is prepared with Brinell hardness tester, selects 1-10mm sintering skin of cemented carbide pressure head, applies 100-3000kgf
Test force, protect carry 5-30s, identation cup just can be observed after unloading.
Conical defect is prepared with Rockwell apparatus, 120 ° of diamond circular pyramid indenters is selected, applies the examination of 50-200kgf
Power is tested, protects and carries 10s, cone impression just can be observed after unloading.
Prepare cylindrical defect with chemical etchant, uniform fold photoresist and dry on the surface of the material first, then into
Row exposure, development form the mask containing cylindrical defect, perform etching 1- using certain density acid solution or aqueous slkali
100min, is then removed photoresist and flushing is handled, and can be obtained cylindrical defect.
Use the diffusion welding (DW) sample size range made of the above method containing endoprosthetic's defect for 20-100mm.
Embodiment 1, for rectangular pyramid endoprosthetic's defect, step 1,304 stainless steel test blocks are carried out 400,600,
1000,1200,1600 and No. 2000 sand paper are polished and are polished, and carry out ultrasonic cleaning with alcohol and dry up;Step 2 is used
Micro Vickers are got ready, and load is respectively 10,25,50,100,200,300,500,1000gf, protect the lotus time be
10s;Burnishing surface containing defect is stacked with another burnishing surface without defect, is put into Vacuum diffusion bonding furnace by step 3
In be diffused weldering connection, pressure head pressure is 20Mpa, and pressure is 1x10 in furnace-2Pa, welding temperature are 1050 DEG C, weld interval
For 80min, room temperature is cooled to after the completion of welding with the furnace, obtain rectangular pyramid endoprosthetic defect, as shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 2, for conical endoprosthetic's defect, fine copper test block is carried out 400,600,1000 by step 1,
1200,1600 and No. 2000 sand paper are polished and are polished, and carry out ultrasonic cleaning with alcohol and dry up;Step 2 uses Rockwell
Hardometer is got ready, test force 150kgf, and guarantor's lotus time is 10s;Step 3 is free of the burnishing surface containing defect with another
The burnishing surface of defect is stacked, and is put into Vacuum diffusion bonding furnace and is diffused weldering connection, pressure head pressure is 15Mpa, in furnace
Pressure is 1x10-2Pa, welding temperature are 750 DEG C, weld interval 80min, cool to room temperature with the furnace after the completion of welding, are justified
Taper endoprosthetic's defect, as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 3, for hemispherical endoprosthetic's defect, step 1, IN625 alloy test block is carried out 400,600,
1000,1200,1600 and No. 2000 sand paper are polished and are polished, and carry out ultrasonic cleaning with alcohol and dry up;Step 2 is used
Brinell hardness tester is got ready, and test force is respectively 187.5,250,750,1000,3000kgf, and guarantor's lotus time is 30s;Step
Three, the burnishing surface containing defect is stacked with another burnishing surface without defect, is put into Vacuum diffusion bonding furnace and is expanded
Weldering connection is dissipated, pressure head pressure is 20Mpa, and pressure is 1x10 in furnace-2Pa, welding temperature are 1150 DEG C, weld interval 100min,
It cools to room temperature after the completion of welding with the furnace, obtains hemispherical endoprosthetic defect, as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment 4, for cylindrical defect, step 1, AlSi10Mg test block is carried out 400,600,1000,1200,
1600 and No. 2000 sand paper are polished and are polished, and carry out ultrasonic cleaning with alcohol and dry up;Step 2, by AZ6130 positivity
Glue is coated uniformly on aluminum alloy surface and dries, be then exposed, develop formed the mask containing cylindrical defect, be with concentration
The NaOH solution of 1.0mol/L performs etching 5min, is then removed photoresist and flushing is handled;Step 3, by the burnishing surface containing defect
It is stacked with another burnishing surface without defect, is put into Vacuum diffusion bonding furnace and is diffused weldering connection, pressure head pressure is
15Mpa, pressure is 1x10 in furnace-2Pa, welding temperature are 500 DEG C, weld interval 80min, are cooled to the furnace after the completion of welding
Room temperature obtains cylindrical endoprosthetic's defect, as shown in Figure 5.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation method of endoprosthetic's defect for increasing material manufacturing non-destructive testing, which is characterized in that including following two
A key step:
Step 1 prepares defect in test block surface using mechanical indentation method or chemical etching method;
Step 2 is welded together two test blocks using diffusion in vacuum welding method, is wrapped in defect interior as built-in defect, system
At the diffusion welding (DW) sample containing endoprosthetic's defect.
2. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the built-in defect of preparation is pyramid shape, hemispherical, circle
In taper and cylinder any one or it is several, the catercorner length range of pyramid shape is 5-300 μm, and depth bounds are
5-300μm;Hemispheric diameter range is 0.1-10mm;The diameter range of cone is 10-3000 μm, depth bounds 10-
3000μm;The diameter range of cylindrical defect is 10-1000 μm, and depth bounds are 10-5000 μm.
3. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mechanical indentation method includes micro Vickers pressure
Trace method, Brinell hardness tester indentation method and Rockwell apparatus indentation method.
4. preparation method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the micro Vickers range of test force is 10-
1000gf, protecting and carrying time range is 2-20s;Brinell hardness tester range of test force is 100-3000kgf, and protecting and carrying time range is 5-
30s;Rockwell apparatus range of test force is 50-200kgf, protects and carries the time as 10s.
5. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the chemical etchant that the chemical etching method uses is hydrogen
Any one in fluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid dioxygen water mixed liquid or several, etch period 1-
100min。
6. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the test block material of preparation endoprosthetic's defect is stainless
Any one in steel, copper alloy, aluminium alloy, titanium alloy and high temperature alloy.
7. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: diffusion in vacuum welding method described in step 2 the specific steps are:
Polishing one side by a test block containing defect carries out docking assembling with another test block with or without the burnishing surface of defect, is put into
It is welded in Vacuum diffusion bonding furnace;The welding parameter is that pressure head pressure is 2-200Mpa, and pressure is 1 x 10 in furnace-2~1
x 10-3Pa, welding temperature are 300~2000 DEG C, weld interval 30-300min, cool to room temperature after the completion of welding with the furnace.
8. preparation method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: in the step 1, first wanted before test block preparation surface defect
It polishes in the one side for being used to prepare defect, alcohol ultrasonic cleaning is utilized after polishing and dries up.
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