CN112775512A - Stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger and vacuum brazing method thereof - Google Patents
Stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger and vacuum brazing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112775512A CN112775512A CN202011566843.XA CN202011566843A CN112775512A CN 112775512 A CN112775512 A CN 112775512A CN 202011566843 A CN202011566843 A CN 202011566843A CN 112775512 A CN112775512 A CN 112775512A
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- Prior art keywords
- brazing
- heat exchanger
- vacuum
- stainless steel
- furnace
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K3/00—Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods
- B23K3/08—Auxiliary devices therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/05308—Assemblies of conduits connected side by side or with individual headers, e.g. section type radiators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
- F28F9/262—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators for radiators
- F28F9/268—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators for radiators by permanent joints, e.g. by welding
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger and a vacuum brazing method thereof, wherein the brazing method comprises the following steps: firstly, cleaning the surfaces of heat exchanger components, secondly, coating brazing filler metal on the surfaces of each component, then, assembling by using an assembly tool, then, putting the components into a vacuum furnace for heat preservation and preheating to obtain good welding conditions, ensuring uniform and stable heat input in the welding process, and finally, brazing, and cooling the furnace to room temperature; the stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger is assembled by adopting stainless steel sectional materials, so that the material utilization rate is high, and the cost is saved; the honeycomb type heat exchanger is formed by vacuum brazing and fixing, the number of parts is small, the whole structure is simple, the circular tube and the triangular prism are positioned and assembled through tools after the outer frame is welded, vacuum one-step brazing molding is carried out, and the production efficiency is high; the brazing seam has uniform structure and high structural strength of the parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radiator processing, in particular to a stainless steel honeycomb type heat exchanger and a vacuum brazing method thereof.
Background
The heat exchanger plays a significant role in product quality, energy utilization rate, system economy and reliability in the national economy and chemical production field. The honeycomb heat exchanger has compact structure and high heat exchange efficiency, and has important research value.
The honeycomb component is a main part of the stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger, and the processing method comprises deep hole processing, a laser drilling method, a pore plate overlapping method, integral casting molding and the like. The deep hole machining technology has the advantages of high difficulty, high cost, high material consumption and low production efficiency; the laser drilling method is used for processing the workpiece with smaller aperture and shallower depth; the structural strength of the parts processed by adopting the orifice plate overlapping method is not high, and the cost is higher; the integral casting forming method has the defects of high cost, uneven structure, easy generation of pores and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger and the vacuum brazing method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger comprises a circular tube, a triangular prism and an outer baffle; the round tubes and the triangular prisms are arranged at intervals, embedded and fixed in an outer frame formed by the outer baffle plates and welded and fixed to form the honeycomb type heat exchanger.
Furthermore, the circular tube, the triangular prism and the outer baffle are fixedly connected through vacuum brazing.
A vacuum brazing method of a stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger comprises the following steps:
cleaning a circular tube, a triangular prism and an outer baffle plate to ensure that the surfaces of all parts are clean, and then welding a plurality of outer baffle plates in a positioning manner to form an outer frame structure;
secondly, respectively coating brazing filler metal on the surfaces of the circular tube and the triangular prism and the inner surface of the outer frame, assembling by using an assembly tool, and then putting the circular tube and the triangular prism into a vacuum furnace for heat preservation to preheat all parts and the brazing filler metal to a brazing temperature;
and step three, brazing at the brazing temperature, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after brazing.
Further, the cleaning in the first step is called as: firstly, ultrasonically cleaning a circular tube, a triangular prism and an outer baffle plate by using acetone to remove oil stains and iron rust on the surface of a component; then, adopting aqua regia to carry out acid cleaning on the workpiece until the metallic luster is exposed; and finally, ultrasonically cleaning the glass by using alcohol, drying the glass, and cleanly packaging the glass.
Further, the brazing filler metal used is nickel-based paste brazing filler metal BNi 2.
Further, preheating in the second step is called as:
heating the vacuum furnace to 150 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 45min to ensure that the vacuum degree of the vacuum furnace is 10-2Pa below;
heating to 300 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and degassing while keeping the temperature for 1 hour;
thirdly, heating to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20min to ensure that the vacuum degree of the vacuum furnace is 10-3Pa；
Heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 15 min;
further, during brazing in the third step, after preheating in the second step, the material is heated to 1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 20min, welding is carried out, and the vacuum degree of a vacuum furnace in the welding process is 10-3Pa。
Further, after brazing in the third step, cooling to 200 ℃ at a cooling rate of 10-20 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
And further, during assembly in the second step, positioning the heat exchanger parts to be welded by using a tool, and ensuring that the interval between brazing welding seams is 40-100 mu m.
Further, before preheating in the second step, cleaning a sample table, an inner shielding layer and a furnace cover sealing ring of the vacuum furnace by using alcohol, and vacuumizing a part to be welded after the part is placed into the vacuum furnace to ensure that the vacuum degree reaches 10-2And Pa or less, the heating welding can be carried out.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger is formed by arranging and embedding round pipes and triangular prisms at intervals, then fixing the round pipes and the triangular prisms in the outer frame formed by the outer baffle plates, and then fixing the round pipes and the triangular prisms through vacuum brazing.
Furthermore, according to the characteristics of the environment where the heat exchanger works and the mechanical property of 304 stainless steel, the high-temperature nickel-based paste brazing filler metal BNi2 is selected for brazing, and because the high-temperature nickel-based paste brazing filler metal BNi2 has the characteristics of strong wettability, low liquid phase temperature, small melting temperature interval, good fluidity and the like, the assembled workpiece is positioned, extruded and welded, and the uniformity of each part of the brazing filler metal and the assembling reliability of the workpiece are ensured.
Further, the assembly fixture is assembled and then placed into a vacuum furnace, and heat preservation is carried out at 150 ℃, 300 ℃, 450 ℃ and 900 ℃ respectively, so that the vacuum degree in the furnace is ensured to be 10-2The welding condition is better than Pa, the heat input is even and stable in the welding process, and the welding quality is guaranteed; finally, brazing is carried out at 1050 ℃, and after the honeycomb heat exchanger is cooled to 200 ℃ at a cooling rate of 10-20 ℃/min, the honeycomb heat exchanger is cooled to room temperature along with a furnace, so that the brazing welding seam is not affected by the cooling rate, the overall welding strength is ensured, and the overall strength of the honeycomb heat exchanger is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1 provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a front view of the internal structure of FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 4 is an elevation view of the outer structure of FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a top elevational view of FIG. 4 as provided by an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the component shown in FIG. 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a welding fixture provided in an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an assembly of a welding fixture and a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention
Description of the drawings: 1-round tube, 2-triangular prism, 3-brazing filler metal layer, 4-external baffle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
The invention relates to a stainless steel honeycomb type heat exchanger, which comprises a circular tube 1, a triangular prism 2 and an outer baffle 4; the circular tubes 1 and the triangular prisms 2 are arranged at intervals and embedded and then fixed in an outer frame consisting of the outer baffle 4, and then the honeycomb heat exchanger is formed by vacuum brazing and fixing.
The vacuum brazing method of the stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger comprises the following steps:
step one, preparation before welding
Sequentially polishing the surface of a workpiece to be welded before welding, and ultrasonically cleaning the workpiece for 10min by using acetone to remove impurities such as oil stains, iron rust and the like on the surface of the workpiece; then, the workpiece is pickled for 30 seconds by aqua regia until the metallic luster is exposed; and finally, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the alcohol for 10min, blow-drying, cleaning and packaging. The automatic design semi-automatic TIG welding platform is adopted to perform positioning welding on the workpiece cover plate, and the workpiece cover plate is welded into the welding structure shown in the attached drawings 4 and 5, so that the assembly reliability is ensured, and the welding quality is improved.
Step two, welding assembly
Selecting high-temperature nickel-based paste brazing filler metal BNi according to the characteristics of the environment in which the heat exchanger works and the mechanical property of 304 stainless steel2The brazing is carried out because the brazing has the characteristics of strong wettability, low liquid phase temperature, small melting temperature interval, good fluidity and the like. Uniformly coating the pasty brazing filler metal on the surface of each workpiece, then flatly placing the welding structure of the outer baffle plate 4, sequentially placing the structures of the triangular prism 2 and the circular tube 1 shown in the figure 6 on the welding structure of the outer baffle plate 4, finally sliding the welding structure of the other half of the outer baffle plate 4 in the cross section direction, and assembling the sliding welded structures in the structures to form the welding structure shown in the figures 1-3, wherein the assembling clearance of each part in the process is ensured to be 40-100 mu m so as to ensure that a welding seam is well formed. After assembly, the assembled workpiece is positioned, extruded and welded by using the tooling fixture shown in fig. 7, so as to ensure the uniformity of each part of the brazing filler metal and the reliability of workpiece assembly, and a structural diagram shown in fig. 8 is formed.
Step three, brazing in furnace
And cleaning the vacuum furnace sample platform, the inner shielding layer and the furnace cover sealing ring by using alcohol before welding. After lofting, the furnace is vacuumized to ensure that the vacuum degree reaches 10-2And Pa or less, the heating welding can be carried out.
According to some characteristics of the paste solder, the following welding process curve is set:
heating a furnace to 150 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 45min, wherein the solder paste in the processA large amount of water is evaporated, the water in the brazing filler metal paste can be removed by long-time heat preservation, and the vacuum degree is well ensured to be 10-2Pa is in the order of magnitude, so that the brazing filler metal is not oxidized.
Heating to 300 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1 hour, wherein in the process, because a large amount of adhesive in the brazing filler metal paste is evaporated, degassing is carried out, and the atmosphere in the furnace can be rapidly pumped away by preserving heat for a long time, so that the vacuum degree is well ensured.
Thirdly, heating to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20min, wherein the process ensures that all gas generated by the binder in the solder paste is pumped away, and ensures that the vacuum degree reaches 10-3Pa。
Heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 15min, so that the whole workpiece can be uniformly heated, and the welding heat input is uniform and stable.
Fifthly, heating to 1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 20min, and welding. Too high brazing temperature and too long heat preservation time can cause a great deal of corrosion of the base material. The vacuum degree in the welding process is ensured to be 10-3Pa, thus ensuring the stability of the welding process and improving the welding quality.
Cooling to 200 ℃ at a cooling rate of 10-20 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, thereby ensuring that the cooling rate does not influence the brazing welding seam.
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger which is characterized in that: comprises a circular tube (1), a triangular prism (2) and an outer baffle (4); the round pipes (1) and the triangular prisms (2) are arranged at intervals, embedded and fixed in an outer frame formed by the outer baffle plates (4) and welded and fixed to form the honeycomb type heat exchanger.
2. The stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein: the round pipe (1), the triangular prism (2) and the outer baffle (4) are fixedly connected through vacuum brazing.
3. A vacuum brazing method of a stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the steps of:
cleaning a circular tube (1), a triangular prism (2) and an outer baffle (4) to ensure that the surfaces of all parts are clean, and then welding a plurality of outer baffles (4) in a positioning manner to form an outer frame structure;
secondly, respectively coating brazing filler metal on the surfaces of the round pipe (1) and the triangular prism (2) and the inner surface of the outer frame, assembling by using an assembly tool, and then putting the round pipe and the triangular prism into a vacuum furnace for heat preservation to preheat each part and the brazing filler metal to a brazing temperature;
and step three, brazing at the brazing temperature, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after brazing.
4. The vacuum brazing method for a stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein the cleaning in the first step is called as: firstly, ultrasonically cleaning a circular tube (1), a triangular prism (2) and an outer baffle (4) by using acetone to remove oil stains and iron rust on the surface of a component; then, adopting aqua regia to carry out acid cleaning on the workpiece until the metallic luster is exposed; and finally, ultrasonically cleaning the glass by using alcohol, drying the glass, and cleanly packaging the glass.
5. The vacuum brazing method for a stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein: the brazing filler metal used is nickel-based paste brazing filler metal BNi 2.
6. The vacuum brazing method for a stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger according to claim 5, wherein the preheating in the second step is called as:
heating the vacuum furnace to 150 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 45min to ensure that the vacuum degree of the vacuum furnace is 10-2Pa below;
heating to 300 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and degassing while keeping the temperature for 1 hour;
thirdly, heating to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20min to ensure that the vacuum degree of the vacuum furnace is 10-3Pa；
Fourthly, heating to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 15 min.
7. The vacuum brazing method for a stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that: during brazing in the third step, after preheating in the second step, the material is heated to 1050 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 20min, and welding is carried out, wherein the vacuum degree of a vacuum furnace in the welding process is 10-3Pa。
8. The vacuum brazing method for a stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger according to claim 7, wherein: after brazing in the third step, cooling to 200 ℃ at a cooling rate of 10-20 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
9. The vacuum brazing method for a stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger according to claim 7, wherein: and during assembly in the second step, positioning the heat exchanger component to be welded by a tool to ensure that the interval of the brazing welding seams is between 40 and 100 mu m.
10. The vacuum brazing method for a stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger according to claim 7, wherein: cleaning the sample stage, the inner shielding layer and the furnace cover sealing ring of the vacuum furnace with alcohol before preheating in the second step, vacuumizing the part to be welded after being placed into the vacuum furnace, and ensuring that the vacuum degree reaches 10-2And Pa or less, the heating welding can be carried out.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011566843.XA CN112775512A (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2020-12-25 | Stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger and vacuum brazing method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011566843.XA CN112775512A (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2020-12-25 | Stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger and vacuum brazing method thereof |
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| CN202011566843.XA Pending CN112775512A (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2020-12-25 | Stainless steel honeycomb heat exchanger and vacuum brazing method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113375347A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-09-10 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Honeycomb-shaped particle heat exchanger and heat storage power generation system |
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| DE2208139A1 (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1973-08-30 | Goeppner Kaiserslautern Eisen | TRANSPORT CONTAINER FOR LIQUIDS |
| JPH1030891A (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 1998-02-03 | Nippon Pillar Packing Co Ltd | Heat exchanger |
| CN201059541Y (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2008-05-14 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Enclosure of once-through steam generater bundled tubes |
| CN101391329A (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2009-03-25 | 南京工业大学 | Vacuum brazing process for stainless steel plate fin structure |
| KR20110071616A (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2011-06-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Heat exchanger, welding members and air conditioner |
| CN102225463A (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2011-10-26 | 刘小江 | Honeycomb type heat exchanger casting and forming method |
| CN102554509A (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2012-07-11 | 山东大学 | Vacuum brazing solder and process of Mo-Cu alloy and stainless steel |
-
2020
- 2020-12-25 CN CN202011566843.XA patent/CN112775512A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2208139A1 (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1973-08-30 | Goeppner Kaiserslautern Eisen | TRANSPORT CONTAINER FOR LIQUIDS |
| JPH1030891A (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 1998-02-03 | Nippon Pillar Packing Co Ltd | Heat exchanger |
| CN201059541Y (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2008-05-14 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Enclosure of once-through steam generater bundled tubes |
| CN101391329A (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2009-03-25 | 南京工业大学 | Vacuum brazing process for stainless steel plate fin structure |
| KR20110071616A (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2011-06-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Heat exchanger, welding members and air conditioner |
| CN102225463A (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2011-10-26 | 刘小江 | Honeycomb type heat exchanger casting and forming method |
| CN102554509A (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2012-07-11 | 山东大学 | Vacuum brazing solder and process of Mo-Cu alloy and stainless steel |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113375347A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-09-10 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Honeycomb-shaped particle heat exchanger and heat storage power generation system |
| CN113375347B (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2023-01-06 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Honeycomb-shaped particle heat exchanger and heat storage power generation system |
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