CN112077410A - Welding repair method for defects of 3D printed metal component - Google Patents
Welding repair method for defects of 3D printed metal component Download PDFInfo
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- CN112077410A CN112077410A CN202010980798.6A CN202010980798A CN112077410A CN 112077410 A CN112077410 A CN 112077410A CN 202010980798 A CN202010980798 A CN 202010980798A CN 112077410 A CN112077410 A CN 112077410A
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- metal component
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aeroengine component welding repair, and particularly relates to a welding repair method for defects of a 3D printed metal component. By solving the technical problems of preparation of a part to be repaired after crack cleaning, selection and preparation of mixed powder components, improvement of the performance of a welding joint and the like, the repairing quality of the crack defect of the aero-engine 3D printed metal component is ensured, and the effective repairing of the crack defect of the aero-engine 3D printed metal component by applying a powder metallurgy welding technology is realized. The method has the advantages that the quality of the repaired welding line is good, the components of the welding line and the base alloy are easy to realize homogenization, the service life of the 3D printing component can be effectively prolonged, the batch repair is realized, the production and manufacturing cost is greatly reduced, the repair technology can be applied to the repair of various types of 3D printing components, and the important reference value is provided for the welding repair of the 3D printing components. Is particularly suitable for repairing metal components with complex inner cavities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aeroengine component welding repair, and particularly relates to a welding repair method for defects of a 3D printed metal component.
Background
The 3D printing technology has a great influence on the aerospace manufacturing industry, and the high process quality and high efficiency make it get a great attention in the manufacturing of aero-engine components, and gradually become an excellent method for mass production and manufacturing of aero-engine components.
The 3D printing technology based on laser additive manufacturing can realize direct net forming of precise components due to the advantages of laser focusing light spot micronization, fine powder spreading thickness, high manufacturing precision and the like, and is mainly applied to manufacturing metal components such as swirlers, nozzles and the like with complex inner cavity structures on aero-engines at present. However, in the laser additive manufacturing process, after a high-energy laser beam is heated and cooled periodically and violently for a long time, rapid solidification shrinkage and accompanying short-time non-equilibrium solid-state phase change of a dynamic molten pool under strong constraint of the pool bottom are generated, extremely complex thermal stress, structural stress, solidification shrinkage stress, strong unsteady interaction and stress concentration are generated in a component, a few parts in a laser forming part generate crack defects, and in order to avoid part scrap and save production and manufacturing costs, repair of the crack defects of the 3D printed component becomes an urgent problem to be solved.
At present, the repair of aeroengine components mainly adopts repair technologies such as fusion welding, powder metallurgy welding and the like; the fusion welding technology is mainly used for repairing cobalt-based high-temperature alloy parts with good weldability and nickel-based high-temperature alloy parts with low aluminum and titanium, but the existence of welding residual stress can easily cause the repaired components to be damaged early in service, and metal components such as swirlers and nozzles with complex inner cavity structures are easy to reduce or block the size of an inner cavity flow channel due to excessive height of the back surface after welding; the powder metallurgy welding technology is an engine component damage repair technology developed on the basis of brazing and is superior to the traditional fusion welding repair technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a welding repair method for a 3D printed metal component defect, which solves the technical problems of preparation of a part to be repaired after crack cleaning, selection and preparation of mixed powder components, improvement of the performance of a welding joint and the like, ensures the repair quality of the crack defect of the aero-engine 3D printed metal component, and realizes effective repair of the crack defect of the aero-engine 3D printed metal component by applying a powder metallurgy welding technology.
The welding repair method for the defects of the 3D printed metal component comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a part to be repaired:
polishing and cleaning the crack defect part of the 3D printed metal component to form a part to be repaired; cleaning and drying a 3D printed metal component to be repaired; if the base alloy of the 3D printed metal component is an alloy containing higher aluminum, titanium, niobium, tantalum and the like, and the mass fraction of one element or the sum of the mass fractions of several elements in the aluminum, the titanium, the niobium and the tantalum is higher than 0.5%, nickel plating can be carried out on the part to be repaired before cleaning, and the thickness of a plating layer is 10-20 mu m. The nickel plating treatment can prevent oxidation during the brazing of the substrate surface and can improve the wettability of the braze.
S2: preparing and presetting a brazing material:
and preparing powder of a base alloy of the 3D printed metal component and brazing filler metal powder suitable for the base alloy into mixed powder, wherein the mass fraction of the base alloy powder is in a range of 50-60%. Although the higher the content of the matrix alloy powder, the more favorable the reduction of the low-melting brittle phase in the brazed joint, the higher the content of the matrix alloy powder, the lower the solder brazing workability. Therefore, the mixed powder has use value only under the condition of a certain mixing proportion, the proportion of the added matrix alloy powder cannot be too high, the actual adding amount is determined according to specific process requirements, and the designed maximum adding amount is not more than 60%.
Preparing the mixed powder into paste by using a brazing binder, filling the paste to a to-be-repaired position of the 3D printed metal component by using an applicator, and drying the 3D printed metal component coated with the paste; applying a flow inhibitor where the 3D printed metal component does not allow solder to flow in.
S3: vacuum brazing:
placing the 3D printed metal member processed by step S2 in vacuumBefore the brazing furnace is heated, in order to prevent the parts from being oxidized in the brazing process, the furnace and the gas-filled pipeline (when high-purity argon is filled) are vacuumized, and the vacuum pressure is lower than 4 x 10-2Pa. Heating the vacuum brazing furnace to 550 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 20 min; and (3) carrying out temperature equalization treatment at the temperature of 30-50 ℃ below the solidus temperature of the brazing filler metal, carrying out heat preservation for 20-50min, heating to the brazing temperature, and carrying out heat preservation for 10-20 min. The brazing temperature is determined according to the characteristics of the base alloy and the brazing filler metal.
And cooling with furnace cooling or charging high-purity argon after the brazing heat preservation is finished, or cooling with furnace cooling and then charging high-purity argon for cooling.
S4: and (3) diffusion treatment:
in order to eliminate eutectic structures with low melting points, massive boride and component segregation and improve the performance of a welded joint, after brazing is completed, the temperature is raised to a diffusion temperature, and post-welding diffusion treatment is carried out. The diffusion temperature is 30-50 ℃ below the solid solution temperature or the solid solution temperature of the base alloy of the 3D printing component.
When the base alloy of the 3D printed metal component is an aging-strengthened alloy, the aging treatment is carried out according to the specification of the base alloy technical standard after the diffusion treatment is finished, and the repairing process is completed.
The method is particularly suitable for repairing the damage of the component of the alloy material with high Al and Ti contents (the mass fraction of one element or the sum of the mass fractions of two elements in the Al and the Ti is higher than 6%), and the repaired part has uniform microstructure, no residual stress and high connection performance.
For repairing metal components such as a swirler and a nozzle with a complex inner cavity structure, if a fusion welding method is used, the size of an inner cavity flow passage is reduced or blocked easily due to the fact that the height of the welded back is too large. The powder metallurgy welding repair method has no influence on the complex inner cavity flow passages of the metal components.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention designs the mixed powder of the base alloy and the common brazing filler metal of the 3D metal component in a certain proportioning range, improves the brazing material from single powder to the mixed powder of the added base alloy, and the addition of the base alloy powder can reduce the actual brazing gap of large-size cracks, thereby being more beneficial to spreading and wetting of the liquid brazing filler metal and improving the quality of welding seams.
(2) The addition of the base alloy powder can better realize the alloying of the welding line, the mutual diffusion of elements is promoted through diffusion treatment after welding, the components of the welding line and the base alloy are easy to realize homogenization, the repair welding line with uniform components and tissues is formed, the improvement of the mechanical property of the welding line is facilitated, and the welding repair level of the 3D printing component is effectively improved.
(3) The service life of the 3D printing component can be effectively prolonged, batch repair is realized, the production and manufacturing cost is greatly reduced, the repair technology can be applied to repair of various types of 3D printing components, and the repair technology has an important reference value for welding repair of 3D printing parts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a crack-prone position of a 3D-printed GH4169 swirler in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a crack-prone position of a 3D-printed GH536 nozzle in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a welding repair process for defects of 3D printed metal components according to the present invention.
Description of the drawings: 1-outer wall of flow channel (easy crack area), 2-outer wall of nozzle (easy crack area).
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples will allow one of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
A3D printing GH4169 aging strengthening alloy cyclone component crack defect welding repair method is disclosed, and FIG. 1 shows the position of the cyclone where cracks are easy to generate. The flow chart of the welding repair method is shown in fig. 3, and the specific steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of the location to be repaired
Before brazing, polishing and cleaning crack defects of a GH4169 swirler for 3D printing; nickel plating the cleaned part, wherein the thickness of the plating layer is 10 mu m, and a part to be repaired is formed; and finally, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning, alcohol cleaning and drying.
Step two: preparation and presetting of brazing material
And preparing mixed powder of BNi-2 brazing filler metal and GH4169 alloy powder, wherein the mass fraction of the GH4169 alloy powder is 50%.
The mixed powder is prepared into paste by using a brazing binder, and then the paste is filled to the original crack defect (the part to be repaired now) of the GH4169 cyclone by using an applicator. And then drying the component coated with the paste. And applying a flow inhibitor where the member does not allow the brazing filler metal to flow in.
Step three: vacuum brazing
Placing the part into a vacuum brazing furnace, heating up to 550 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20 min; heating to 950 deg.C at a speed of 10 deg.C/min, and maintaining for 30 min; then heating to 1040 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 12 min; and (4) introducing high-purity argon into the furnace to cool the furnace to below 900 ℃, cooling the furnace to below 80 ℃, and discharging the furnace.
Step four: diffusion treatment
After the vacuum brazing is finished, carrying out diffusion treatment, heating to 980 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3h, cooling to below 80 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging.
Step five: aging treatment
And (4) after the diffusion treatment is finished, carrying out aging treatment, heating to 720 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 8h, cooling to 620 ℃ along with the furnace, continuing preserving heat for 8h, and filling high-purity argon for cooling after the heat preservation is finished. And finishing the process.
After the repair is finished, the quality of the welding line is good, and the size of the flow passage of the inner cavity of the cyclone component is not reduced or blocked.
Example 2
A3D printing GH536 solid solution strengthening alloy nozzle component crack defect welding repair method is provided, and FIG. 2 shows the position of the nozzle component which is easy to crack. The flow chart of the welding repair method is shown in fig. 3, and the specific steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: preparation of the location to be repaired
Before brazing, polishing and cleaning crack defects of a GH536 nozzle for 3D printing; nickel plating the cleaned part, wherein the thickness of the plating layer is 20 mu m, and a part to be repaired is formed; and finally, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning, alcohol cleaning and drying.
Step two: preparation and presetting of brazing material
And preparing mixed powder of BNi-5 brazing filler metal and GH536 alloy powder, wherein the mass fraction of the GH536 alloy powder is 60%.
The mixed powder is prepared into paste by using a brazing binder, and then the paste is filled to the original crack defect (the position to be repaired now) of the GH536 nozzle by using an applicator. And then drying the component coated with the paste. And applying a flow inhibitor where the member does not allow the brazing filler metal to flow in.
Step three: vacuum brazing
Putting the parts into a furnace, heating up to 550 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20 min; heating to 1050 deg.C at a speed of 10 deg.C/min, and maintaining for 35 min; heating to 1180 deg.C at a speed of 10 deg.C/min, and maintaining for 20 min; and (4) introducing high-purity argon into the furnace to cool the furnace to below 900 ℃, cooling the furnace to below 80 ℃, and discharging the furnace.
Step four: diffusion treatment
After the vacuum brazing is finished, carrying out diffusion treatment, heating to 1100 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, cooling to below 80 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging.
The quality of the welding seam is good after the repair is finished, and the size of the flow passage of the inner cavity of the nozzle component is not reduced or blocked.
Claims (8)
1. A welding repair method for defects of a 3D printed metal component is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing a part to be repaired:
polishing and cleaning the crack defect part of the 3D printed metal component to form a part to be repaired; cleaning and drying a 3D printed metal component to be repaired;
s2: preparing and presetting a brazing material:
preparing powder of a base alloy of the 3D printing metal component and brazing filler metal powder suitable for the base alloy into mixed powder, preparing the mixed powder into paste by using a brazing binder, filling the paste to a to-be-repaired position of the 3D printing metal component by using an applicator, and drying the 3D printing metal component coated with the paste; applying a flow inhibitor where the 3D printed metal component does not allow solder to flow in;
s3: vacuum brazing:
placing the 3D printed metal component dried and coated with the flow resisting agent in the step S2 into a vacuum brazing furnace, and vacuumizing the vacuum brazing furnace to be lower than 4 x 10-2Pa; heating the vacuum furnace to 550 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 20 min; heating to 30-50 deg.C below the solidus of the solder, and maintaining for 20-50 min; then heating to the brazing temperature for heat preservation for 10-20 min; cooling the 3D printed metal component after heat preservation is finished;
s4: and (3) diffusion treatment:
and heating the cooled 3D printed metal component to a diffusion temperature which is 30-50 ℃ below the solid solution temperature of the base alloy of the 3D printed metal component, so as to obtain the repaired 3D printed metal component.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising an aging step of the 3D printed metal component after the diffusion treatment in step S4 when the base alloy of the 3D printed metal component is an age-strengthened alloy.
3. The method for welding and repairing the defects of the 3D printed metal component according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the mass fraction or the sum of the mass fractions of one or more elements of aluminum, titanium, niobium and tantalum in the 3D printed metal component base alloy composition is higher than 0.5%, after the polishing and cleaning step of the step S1 and before the cleaning step, the 3D printed metal component to be repaired is subjected to nickel plating treatment, and the thickness of the nickel plating layer is 10-20 μm.
4. The method for welding and repairing the defects of the 3D printed metal component as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the mixed powder in the step S2 comprises 50-60% of the matrix alloy powder by mass.
5. The method for welding and repairing the defects of the 3D printed metal component according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cooling treatment method in the step S3 is one of furnace cooling, high-purity argon cooling or furnace cooling followed by high-purity argon cooling; when the cooling treatment method includes cooling by filling high purity argon, the vacuum brazing furnace is vacuumized in step S3, and simultaneously, the gas filling pipeline of the high purity argon is vacuumized.
6. The method for welding and repairing the defects of the 3D printed metal component as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass fraction of one element or the sum of the mass fractions of two elements in Al and Ti in the 3D printed metal component is higher than 6%.
7. The method for welding and repairing the defects of the 3D printed metal component as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the 3D printed metal component is a metal component with a complex inner cavity structure.
8. The method for welding and repairing the defects of the 3D printed metal component as claimed in claim 7, wherein the metal component with the complex inner cavity structure is a swirler or a nozzle.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010980798.6A CN112077410A (en) | 2020-09-17 | 2020-09-17 | Welding repair method for defects of 3D printed metal component |
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| CN202010980798.6A CN112077410A (en) | 2020-09-17 | 2020-09-17 | Welding repair method for defects of 3D printed metal component |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113600950A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-11-05 | 北京科技大学 | Repeated brazing and heat treatment process for improving strength stability of GH4738 alloy |
| CN114918524A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-08-19 | 西安石油大学 | Improve Ti 2 Method and device for high-temperature plasticity of AlNb vacuum electron beam welding seam |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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Application publication date: 20201215 |