CN115332736A - Power battery and low-temperature self-heating circuit - Google Patents

Power battery and low-temperature self-heating circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115332736A
CN115332736A CN202210883138.5A CN202210883138A CN115332736A CN 115332736 A CN115332736 A CN 115332736A CN 202210883138 A CN202210883138 A CN 202210883138A CN 115332736 A CN115332736 A CN 115332736A
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Prior art keywords
charge
resistance
temperature
discharge
battery
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CN202210883138.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
廖进军
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Lantu Automobile Technology Co Ltd
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Lantu Automobile Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210883138.5A priority Critical patent/CN115332736A/en
Publication of CN115332736A publication Critical patent/CN115332736A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/654—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6572—Peltier elements or thermoelectric devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/665—Composites
    • H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/669—Steels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/534—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the material of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/536—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a power battery and a low-temperature self-heating circuit, wherein the power battery comprises: a battery cell of a composite current collector structure; the cell of the composite current collector structure comprises: a high resistance sheet metal layer, a heat conducting layer and a charge/discharge sheet metal layer; the high-resistance metal sheet layers are measured by sequentially arranging a heat conduction layer and a charge/discharge metal layer; one end of the high-resistance metal sheet layer and one end of the charge/discharge metal layer respectively generate a protruding structure, and the high-resistance metal sheet layer generates at least two protruding structures serving as two high-resistance tabs; the two charge/discharge metal layers respectively generate at least one protruding structure as two charge/discharge tabs; the power battery is set to be in a high internal resistance mode and a low internal resistance mode through the structure of the multilayer material and the two electrode lugs, so that the low-temperature self-heating capacity of the battery pack can be improved, the low-temperature endurance capacity of the battery pack is guaranteed, and thermal runaway of the battery pack can be inhibited.

Description

Power battery and low-temperature self-heating circuit
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power batteries, in particular to a power battery and a low-temperature self-heating circuit.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy automobile industry, the power battery industry chain is also rapidly growing. As the core component of new energy automobile, the development of new energy automobile is restricted by the low temperature endurance and thermal runaway safety performance of the power battery pack, in order to meet the use requirement of the battery in low temperature environment, the battery pack basically uses an external heating mode, and is slowly heated to the inside of the battery from the bottom of the battery through the water cooling plate, so that more heat can be wasted to the environment, meanwhile, the current cannot be quickly cut off due to internal short circuit in the battery, and finally, thermal runaway can be triggered due to heat accumulation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the power battery and the low-temperature self-heating circuit, the power battery is set to be in a high internal resistance mode and a low internal resistance mode through a plurality of layers of materials and two lugs, the low-temperature self-heating capacity of the battery pack can be improved, the low-temperature endurance capacity of the battery pack is ensured, and the thermal runaway of the battery pack can be inhibited.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a power cell comprising: a battery cell of a composite current collector structure; the cell of the composite current collector structure comprises: a high resistance sheet metal layer, a heat conducting layer and a charge/discharge sheet metal layer;
the high-resistance metal sheet layers are measured by sequentially using a heat conduction layer and a charge/discharge metal layer;
one end of the high-resistance metal sheet layer and one end of the charge/discharge metal layer respectively generate a protruding structure, and the high-resistance metal sheet layer generates at least two protruding structures serving as two high-resistance tabs; and at least one bulge structure is respectively generated on the two charge/discharge metal layers to be used as two charge/discharge tabs.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.
Optionally, the number of the high resistance tabs and the number of the charging/discharging tabs are both more than two and are arranged in pairs, and the high resistance sheet metal layer and the high resistance tabs and the charging/discharging tabs at one end of the charging/discharging metal layer are alternately arranged.
Optionally, the heat conducting layer comprises: thermally conductive adhesive and thermally decomposable particles.
Optionally, the material of the high-resistance metal sheet layer is nickel or stainless steel.
Optionally, when the charge/discharge metal sheet layer is a positive electrode, the material is an aluminum foil; and when the charge/discharge metal sheet layer is a negative electrode, the material is copper foil.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a low temperature self-heating circuit for a power battery, comprising: the temperature measuring device comprises a control system, a temperature measuring module and a selection switch;
the temperature measurement module detects the temperature of the battery core in real time and sends the temperature to the control system; and the control system controls a selection switch according to the real-time cell temperature, and selects the high-resistance tab or the charging/discharging tab as a connecting end to connect the power battery into a connecting passage of an external electric device.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.
Optionally, the temperature measuring module is an NTC thermistor; the NTC thermistor is arranged at the pole of the battery cell.
Optionally, the high resistance tab and the charging/discharging tab are in multiple pairs, and the low temperature self-heating circuit includes: the temperature measuring device comprises a control system, a temperature measuring module and a plurality of connecting branches;
the connection branch includes: one selection terminal of the first selection switch is connected with one high-resistance tab, and the other selection terminal of the first selection switch is connected with one charge/discharge tab; one selection terminal of the second selection switch is connected with the other corresponding high-resistance tab, and the other selection terminal of the second selection switch is connected with the other corresponding charge/discharge tab;
the fixed terminals of the first selection switch and the second selection switch are used as two terminals of the connecting branch and external connection, and the connecting branches are sequentially connected in series.
Optionally, when the real-time cell temperature is lower than a first set threshold, the control system controls the selection switch to enable the two high-resistance tabs to serve as connection ends to connect the power battery to a connection path of an external electric device;
when the real-time battery core temperature rises to be within the normal working temperature range of the battery core, the control system enables the two charging/discharging lugs to be used as connecting ends to connect the power battery into a connecting passage of an external electric device by controlling the selection switch;
the first set threshold is smaller than the minimum value of the normal working temperature range of the battery core.
Optionally, when the real-time cell temperature is higher than a second set threshold, the control system controls the selection switch to enable the two high-resistance tabs to serve as connection ends to connect the power battery to a connection path of an external electric device;
when the real-time battery core temperature rises to be within the normal working temperature range of the battery core, the control system enables the two charging/discharging lugs to be used as connecting ends to connect the power battery into a connecting passage of an external electric device by controlling the selection switch;
and the second set threshold value is larger than the maximum value of the normal working temperature range of the battery core.
According to the power battery and the low-temperature self-heating circuit, the power battery is set to be in a high internal resistance mode and a low internal resistance mode through the multi-layer materials and the two electrode lugs, the battery core is switched to be in the high internal resistance state at low temperature, the battery pack is rapidly heated through a pulse or direct current charging mode, the low-temperature self-heating capacity of the battery pack can be improved, and the low-temperature cruising capacity of the battery pack is ensured; when the battery core is out of control due to heat, the current path can be cut off rapidly, and meanwhile, the thermal decomposition particles in the composite current collector can absorb and release a large amount of CO2 gas, so that the effect of inhibiting the out of control due to heat is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a composite current collector structure provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic view of an embodiment of a composite current collector structure provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a multi-tab cell generated by a composite current collector structure according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a power battery and a low-temperature self-heating circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As used herein, the terms "first," "second," and the like may be used to describe elements of exemplary embodiments of the invention. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element, and the inherent features or order of the corresponding elements, etc. are not limited by the terms. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, are to be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their context in the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Those skilled in the art will understand that the devices and methods of the present invention described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting exemplary embodiments and that the scope of the present invention is defined solely by the claims. Features illustrated or described in connection with one exemplary embodiment may be combined with features of other embodiments. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, a detailed description of related known functions or configurations is omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the technical points of the present invention. In addition, the same reference numerals refer to the same circuits, modules or units throughout the description, and repeated descriptions of the same circuits, modules or units are omitted for brevity.
Furthermore, it should be understood that one or more of the following methods or aspects thereof may be performed by at least one control unit or single-chip microcomputer. The terms "control unit", "single-chip microcomputer", "control module" or "master control module" may refer to a hardware device that includes a memory and a processor. The memory or computer-readable storage medium is configured to store program instructions, while the processor is specifically configured to execute the program instructions to perform one or more processes that will be described further below. Moreover, it is to be appreciated that the following methods may be performed by including a processor in conjunction with one or more other components, as will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art.
The invention provides a power battery, which comprises: a battery cell of a composite current collector structure; fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a composite current collector structure provided by the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional view of an embodiment of a composite current collector structure provided by the present invention, and fig. 3 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a multi-tab cell generated by a composite current collector structure provided by the present invention.
As can be seen in fig. 1 to 3, the cell of the composite current collector structure includes: a high resistance sheet metal layer, a heat conducting layer and a charge/discharge sheet metal layer; the high-resistance metal sheet layers are measured by a heat conduction layer and a charge/discharge metal layer in sequence.
One end of the high-resistance metal sheet layer and one end of the charge/discharge metal layer respectively generate a protruding structure, and the high-resistance metal sheet layer generates at least two protruding structures serving as two high-resistance tabs; and at least one bulge structure is respectively generated on the two charge/discharge metal layers to be used as two charge/discharge tabs.
According to the power battery provided by the invention, the power battery is set into a high internal resistance mode and a low internal resistance mode through the multilayer materials and the two electrode lugs, so that the low-temperature self-heating capacity of the battery pack can be improved, the low-temperature endurance capacity of the battery pack is ensured, and the thermal runaway of the battery pack can be inhibited.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 provided by the present invention is an embodiment of a power battery provided by the present invention, and as can be seen from fig. 1 to fig. 3, the embodiment of the power battery includes: a battery cell of a composite current collector structure; the cell of the composite current collector structure comprises: a high resistance sheet metal layer, a heat conducting layer and a charge/discharge sheet metal layer.
The high-resistance metal sheet layers are measured by a heat conduction layer and a charge/discharge metal layer in sequence.
One end of the high-resistance metal sheet layer and one end of the charge/discharge metal layer respectively generate a protruding structure, and the high-resistance metal sheet layer generates at least two protruding structures serving as two high-resistance tabs; and at least one bulge structure is respectively generated on the two charge/discharge metal layers to be used as two charge/discharge lugs.
In specific implementation, referring to fig. 1 to fig. 3, the composite current collector is formed by bonding two metal layers through a heat conductive adhesive, in fig. 1, the middle layer is a high-resistance metal sheet with a yellow portion formed of materials such as nickel or stainless steel, a green portion on two outer sides of the yellow high-resistance metal sheet is the heat conductive adhesive and the thermal decomposition particles, and two outer sides of the green heat conductive adhesive and the thermal decomposition particles are charge/discharge metal layers, in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the charge/discharge metal layers are made of copper foils.
In a possible embodiment mode, the number of the high-resistance tabs and the number of the charging/discharging tabs are both more than two and are arranged in pairs, and the high-resistance metal sheet layer and the high-resistance tabs and the charging/discharging tabs at one end of the charging/discharging metal layer are alternately arranged.
In the embodiment provided by the invention, the tab can be cut into a required shape by cutting the high-resistance sheet metal layer and the charge/discharge sheet metal layer, the sizes and the shapes of the high-resistance tab and the charge/discharge tab can be the same or different, and each tab in the embodiment shown in the figure is in a rounded cuboid shape. In fig. 2, the red charge/discharge metal layer and the yellow high resistance sheet metal layer are provided with tabs for winding into a cell, and the final product is a multi-tab cell as shown in fig. 3.
In a possible embodiment, the process of manufacturing the multiple tabs of the multi-tab battery cell may be: the method is characterized in that a laser die cutting machine is adopted to carry out laser die cutting on the high-resistance tab and the charging/discharging tab of the anode and the cathode, the upper area and the lower area after die cutting form the anode high-resistance tab and the cathode high-resistance tab which are provided with a plurality of tab monomers respectively, the anode charging/discharging tab and the cathode charging/discharging tab, the tab monomers are all in the same round-angle cuboid shape, the pole piece after laser die cutting is wound and formed to form an electric core, and the anode multi-tab and the cathode multi-tab are kneaded and flattened along the axis direction of the electric core.
After the multi-pole lug is rolled and flattened, gaps are not easy to generate between the pole pieces, and when the multi-pole lug is welded with the confluence disc, the welding process is stable, so that the welding probability can be reduced.
A certain interval is formed between two adjacent tab monomers, so that the constraint force between metals can be effectively reduced, and the width of the interval between the adjacent tab monomers in the direction vertical to the cutting line is 0.10mm-0.20mm, for example, the width can be 0.10mm, 0.15mm, 0.20mm and the like; the width of each single tab is 5.0mm-10.0mm, for example, 5.0mm, 7.0mm, 8.0mm, 10.0mm, etc. If the width of a single tab monomer is too small, the die cutting times are increased, and the production period can be prolonged; if the width of a single tab is too large, the effect of reducing the binding force of the metal piece is difficult to ensure.
In one possible embodiment, the heat conducting layer includes: a thermally conductive adhesive and thermally decomposable particles.
In a specific embodiment, the thermally decomposable particles may be sodium bicarbonate or the like.
In a possible embodiment, the high-resistance metal sheet layer is made of a high-resistance metal sheet such as nickel or stainless steel, so that the extrusion resistance of the battery cell can be improved, and the safety performance of the battery cell can be improved.
In a possible embodiment, when the charge/discharge metal sheet layer is a positive electrode, the material is aluminum foil; when the charge/discharge metal sheet layer is a negative electrode, the material is copper foil.
Based on the embodiment of the power battery provided by the present invention, fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the power battery and the low-temperature self-heating circuit provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and it can be known from fig. 4 that the low-temperature self-heating circuit of the power battery includes: the temperature measuring device comprises a control system, a temperature measuring module and a selection switch.
The temperature measurement module detects the temperature of the battery core in real time and sends the temperature to the control system; and the control system controls a selection switch according to the real-time cell temperature, and selects the high-resistance tab or the charging/discharging tab as a connecting end to connect the power battery into a connecting passage of an external electric device.
According to the low-temperature self-heating circuit of the power battery, the power battery is set to be in a high internal resistance mode and a low internal resistance mode through multiple layers of materials and two kinds of tabs, the battery core is switched to be in the high internal resistance state at low temperature, and the battery pack is rapidly heated through a pulse or direct current charging mode, so that the low-temperature self-heating capacity of the battery pack can be improved, and the low-temperature cruising capacity of the battery pack is ensured; when the battery core is out of control due to heat, the current path can be cut off rapidly, and meanwhile, the thermal decomposition particles in the composite current collector can absorb and release a large amount of CO2 gas, so that the effect of inhibiting the out of control due to heat is achieved.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 provided by the present invention is an embodiment of a low-temperature self-heating circuit of a power battery provided by the present invention, the low-temperature self-heating circuit of the power battery is based on the power battery provided by embodiment 1 of the present invention, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the embodiment of the low-temperature self-heating circuit of the power battery includes: the temperature measurement device comprises a control system, a temperature measurement module and a selection switch.
The temperature measurement module detects the temperature of the battery core in real time and sends the temperature to the control system; and the control system controls a selection switch according to the real-time cell temperature, and selects the high-resistance tab or the charging/discharging tab as a connecting end to connect the power battery into a connecting passage of an external electric device.
In a specific implementation, the selection switch is an alternative selection switch, and specifically, the selection switch can be an alternative relay.
When the high-resistance tab or the charge/discharge tab is connected as the connection terminal, in order to form a connection path, the connection terminals are two, that is, the high-resistance tab and the charge/discharge tab are both arranged in pairs, and correspondingly, the selection switch should also include two tabs arranged on connection lines between the two connection terminals and the external electric device.
In one possible embodiment, the Temperature measuring module is an NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistor; the NTC thermistor is arranged at the pole of the battery cell.
In one possible embodiment, when the high resistance tab and the charge/discharge tab are in multiple pairs, the low temperature self-heating circuit includes: the temperature measuring device comprises a control system, a temperature measuring module and a plurality of connecting branches.
The connection branch includes: one selection terminal of the first selection switch is connected with one high-resistance tab, and the other selection terminal of the first selection switch is connected with one charge/discharge tab; one selection terminal of the second selection switch is connected with the other corresponding high-resistance tab, and the other selection terminal of the second selection switch is connected with the other corresponding charge/discharge tab.
And fixed terminals of the first selector switch and the second selector switch are used as two terminals of the connecting branch and external connection, and the connecting branches are sequentially connected in series.
In a possible embodiment, when the real-time cell temperature is lower than a first set threshold, the control system controls the selection switch to enable the two high-resistance tabs to serve as connection ends to connect the power battery to a connection path of an external electric device.
When the real-time battery core temperature rises to the range of the normal working temperature of the battery core, the control system controls the selection switch to enable the two charging/discharging lugs to serve as connecting ends to connect the power battery into a connecting passage of an external electric device.
The first set threshold is smaller than the minimum value of the normal working temperature range of the battery core. The magnitude of the first set threshold may be set empirically, for example by testing at what temperature the battery is below, and the effect is greatly reduced.
In specific implementation, when the NTC thermistor detects that the real-time cell temperature is lower than a set first set threshold (for example, < 0 ℃ and the like), the control system enables the fixed terminals of the relays K1 and K2 … … Kn to be respectively in closed connection with the selection terminals a1 and a2 … … a (n-1), and at the moment, the fixed terminals are equivalently connected with a high-resistance tab (high internal resistance) of the power battery, so that the physical internal resistance of the cell is increased, and heat generation can be accelerated (Q) by the NTC thermistor (Q-factor) Heat generation ＝I 2 RT), the temperature of the cell is raised from the inside.
When the temperature of the battery cell reaches the target temperature, namely within a normal working temperature range, the control system enables the fixed terminals of the relays K1 and K2 … … Kn to be respectively in closed connection with the selective terminals b1 and b2 … … b (n-1), at the moment, the fixed terminals are equivalently connected with the charging and discharging lugs (low internal resistance) of the power battery, the circuit is switched to the charging and discharging lugs (copper foil or aluminum foil) to carry out normal charging and discharging, and the electrical property of the battery cell is not influenced.
In a possible embodiment, when the real-time cell temperature is higher than the second set threshold, the control system controls the selection switch to enable the two high-resistance tabs to serve as connection ends to connect the power battery to a connection path of an external electric device.
When the real-time battery core temperature rises to the range of the normal working temperature of the battery core, the control system controls the selection switch to enable the two charging/discharging lugs to serve as connecting ends to connect the power battery into a connecting passage of an external electric device.
And the second set threshold is larger than the maximum value of the normal working temperature range of the battery core. The magnitude of the second set threshold may be set empirically, for example by testing above what temperature the power cell is subject to thermal runaway.
In specific implementation, when the NTC thermistor detects that the real-time cell temperature is higher than a second set threshold, that is, thermal runaway occurs, high temperature melts charge/discharge metal sheet layers (a low internal resistance copper foil layer and an aluminum foil layer) on the surface of the cell of the composite current collector structure, and at this time, when the NTC thermistor detects that the real-time cell temperature is higher than the second set threshold (for example, > the critical temperature of thermal runaway), the control system enables the fixed terminals of the relays K1 and K2 … … Kn to be respectively in closed connection with the selection terminals a1 and a2 … … a (n-1), at this time, due to the isolation effect of the heat-conducting glue of the heat-conducting layer, a current path is cut off, and particles such as sodium bicarbonate in the heat-conducting glue can absorb heat and decompose, and generate a large amount of CO2 gas, so as to play a role in inhibiting thermal runaway.
In specific implementation, the control system can be a control chip such as a single chip microcomputer, the temperature measuring module can be an NTC thermistor, the selection switch can be a relay, after the temperature measured by the NTC thermistor is sent to the single chip microcomputer in real time, the single chip microcomputer compares the real-time temperature with a first set threshold and a second set threshold which are arranged in the single chip microcomputer according to an inner rule, a control command is directly sent to the relay, and the relay can directly receive an instruction of the control system to select a fixed terminal to be closed with which terminal, so that full-automatic control of the whole process is achieved.
Specifically, the single chip microcomputer controls the relays to operate simultaneously by using one signal. However, even for the same relay, the mechanical characteristics of the relay contacts are not completely the same, so that the simultaneous operation cannot be achieved, and the contact operations of the two relays have a certain time difference, which may cause that the relay contacts which are firstly conducted bear all current in a short time, and the rated power of the relay is easily exceeded, so that the relay is easily burnt.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the low temperature self-heating circuit further comprises: controllable current source and each relay circuit control connection, every relay circuit includes: relay, current sensor, opto-coupler and AD converter, relay include two control ends and two major loop ends, the first control end ground connection of relay, and the second control terminal is connected to the singlechip through the opto-coupler in order to receive the control signal of singlechip, and the first major loop end of relay is connected to controllable current source, the second major loop end of relay, current sensor, AD converter connect gradually, will feed back to the singlechip through the signal feedback after the AD conversion.
The current sensor converts the detected circuit signal of the relay into an analog voltage signal, and the AD converter converts the analog voltage signal into a continuous data signal and feeds the continuous data signal back to the singlechip.
The single chip microcomputer calculates the conduction time difference between the relays in the relay circuits through the feedback signals, and adds the conduction time difference to the conduction signals of the relays to enable the relays to act simultaneously.
A predetermined current is supplied to each relay circuit through a controllable current source before a strong current is applied to each relay. The single chip microcomputer sends a conduction signal to a relay in each relay circuit to control the conduction of the relay; the singlechip compares feedback signals from the AD converter and calculates the conduction time difference among the relays; the operation of the relay in each relay circuit is controlled by the on-time difference.
When the conduction time difference is smaller than or equal to a preset threshold value, the output current of the controllable current source is set to be zero, the relays in the relay circuits are closed, and when the network voltage connected with the relay circuits is increased to the preset value, the conduction time difference is added to the relay conduction signals needing time compensation to control the conduction of the relays in the relay circuits.
When the conduction time difference is larger than a preset threshold value, keeping the output preset current of the controllable current source, closing the relays in the relay circuits, adding the conduction time difference to a relay conduction signal needing time compensation to control the conduction of the relays, and then detecting the conduction time difference between the relays in the relay circuits again until the conduction time difference is smaller than or equal to the preset threshold value.
According to the power battery and the low-temperature self-heating circuit provided by the embodiment of the invention, the power battery is set to be in a high internal resistance mode and a low internal resistance mode through multiple layers of materials and two kinds of tabs, the battery core is switched to be in a high internal resistance state at low temperature, and the battery pack is rapidly heated through a pulse or direct current charging mode, so that the low-temperature self-heating capacity of the battery pack can be improved, and the low-temperature cruising capacity of the battery pack is ensured; when the battery core is out of control due to heat, the current path can be cut off rapidly, and meanwhile, the thermal decomposition particles in the composite current collector can absorb and release a large amount of CO2 gas, so that the effect of inhibiting the out of control due to heat is achieved; the multi-tab battery cell is arranged, after the multi-tab is wound and kneaded flat, gaps are not easy to generate between the pole pieces, and when the multi-tab battery cell is welded with the confluence disc, the welding process is stable, so that the welding probability can be reduced; the synchronous control circuit of each relay is arranged, so that the situation that the relay contacts which are firstly conducted due to time difference of contact actions of a plurality of relays bear all current in a short time and are easy to exceed the rated power of the relays to burn the relays is avoided.
In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention, control logic in methods of the present invention may implement processes such as the flows of the above methods of the present invention using encoded instructions (e.g., computer and/or machine readable instructions) stored on a non-transitory computer and/or machine readable medium (e.g., a hard disk drive, a flash memory, a read-only memory, an optical disk, a digital versatile disk, a cache, a random-access memory, and/or any other storage device or storage disk) in which information is stored for any period of time (e.g., for extended periods of time, permanent, transitory instances, temporary caches, and/or information caches). As used herein, the term "non-transitory computer-readable medium" is expressly defined to include any type of computer-readable storage device and/or storage disk and to exclude propagating signals and to exclude transmission media.
In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention, the method of the present invention may be implemented using control circuitry, (control logic, a master control system or control module), which may include one or more processors, or which may internally include a non-transitory computer-readable medium. Specifically, the master control system or the control module may include a micro-controller unit MCU. The processor implementing the processes of the present method may be such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor(s) may include any combination of general-purpose processors and special-purpose processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processor may be coupled thereto and/or may include a memory/storage device and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage device to implement various applications and/or operating systems running on the single-chip microcomputer in the present invention.
The drawings referred to above and the detailed description of the invention, which are exemplary of the invention, serve to explain the invention without limiting the meaning or scope of the invention as described in the claims. Accordingly, modifications may be readily made by those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Further, those skilled in the art may delete some of the constituent elements described herein without deteriorating the performance, or may add other constituent elements to improve the performance. Further, the order of the steps of the methods described herein may be varied by one skilled in the art depending on the environment of the process or apparatus. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined not by the embodiments described above but by the claims and their equivalents.
It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to relevant descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (10)

1. A power cell, characterized in that the power cell comprises: a battery cell of a composite current collector structure; the cell of the composite current collector structure comprises: a high resistance metal sheet layer, a heat conduction layer and a charge/discharge metal sheet layer;
the high-resistance metal sheet layers are measured by sequentially arranging a heat conduction layer and a charge/discharge metal layer;
one end of the high-resistance metal sheet layer and one end of the charge/discharge metal layer respectively generate a protruding structure, and the high-resistance metal sheet layer generates at least two protruding structures serving as two high-resistance tabs; and at least one bulge structure is respectively generated on the two charge/discharge metal layers to be used as two charge/discharge lugs.
2. The power battery according to claim 1, wherein the number of the high resistance tabs and the charge/discharge tabs are greater than two and are arranged in pairs, and the high resistance tabs and the charge/discharge tabs at one end of the high resistance sheet metal layer and the charge/discharge metal layer are alternately arranged.
3. The power cell of claim 1, wherein the thermally conductive layer comprises: a thermally conductive adhesive and thermally decomposable particles.
4. The power cell of claim 1, wherein the material of the high resistance sheet metal layer is nickel or stainless steel.
5. The power battery of claim 1, wherein when the charge/discharge metal sheet layer is a positive electrode, the material is aluminum foil; when the charge/discharge metal sheet layer is a negative electrode, the material is copper foil.
6. A low-temperature self-heating circuit based on the power battery of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the low-temperature self-heating circuit comprises: the temperature measuring device comprises a control system, a temperature measuring module and a selection switch;
the temperature measurement module detects the temperature of the battery core in real time and sends the temperature to the control system; the control system controls a selection switch according to the real-time battery core temperature, and selects the high-resistance tab or the charging/discharging tab as a connecting end to connect the power battery into a connecting passage with an external electric device.
7. The low temperature self-heating circuit of claim 6, wherein the temperature measuring module is an NTC thermistor; the NTC thermistor is arranged at the pole of the battery cell.
8. The low temperature self-heating circuit of claim 6, wherein the high resistance tab and the charge/discharge tab are in multiple pairs, the low temperature self-heating circuit comprising: the temperature measuring device comprises a control system, a temperature measuring module and a plurality of connecting branches;
the connection branch comprises: one selection terminal of the first selection switch is connected with one high-resistance tab, and the other selection terminal of the first selection switch is connected with one charge/discharge tab; one selection terminal of the second selection switch is connected with the other corresponding high-resistance tab, and the other selection terminal of the second selection switch is connected with the other corresponding charge/discharge tab;
the fixed terminals of the first selection switch and the second selection switch are used as two terminals of the connecting branch and external connection, and the connecting branches are sequentially connected in series.
9. The low-temperature self-heating circuit according to claim 6, wherein when the real-time cell temperature is lower than a first set threshold, the control system controls the selection switch to enable the two high-resistance tabs to serve as connection ends to connect the power battery into a connection path with an external electric device;
when the real-time battery core temperature rises to be within the normal working temperature range of the battery core, the control system enables the two charging/discharging lugs to be used as connecting ends to connect the power battery into a connecting passage of an external electric device by controlling the selection switch;
the first set threshold is smaller than the minimum value of the normal working temperature range of the battery core.
10. The low-temperature self-heating circuit according to claim 6, wherein when the real-time cell temperature is higher than a second set threshold, the control system controls the selection switch to enable the two high-resistance tabs to serve as connection ends to connect the power battery into a connection path with an external electric device;
when the real-time battery core temperature rises to be within the normal working temperature range of the battery core, the control system enables the two charging/discharging lugs to serve as connecting ends to connect the power battery into a connecting passage of an external electric device by controlling the selection switch;
and the second set threshold is larger than the maximum value of the normal working temperature range of the battery core.
CN202210883138.5A 2022-07-21 2022-07-21 Power battery and low-temperature self-heating circuit Pending CN115332736A (en)

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