CN113904026A - Power battery self-heating control method and system and automobile - Google Patents

Power battery self-heating control method and system and automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113904026A
CN113904026A CN202010575447.7A CN202010575447A CN113904026A CN 113904026 A CN113904026 A CN 113904026A CN 202010575447 A CN202010575447 A CN 202010575447A CN 113904026 A CN113904026 A CN 113904026A
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power battery
heating
self
switching element
diode
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邓林旺
冯天宇
李晓倩
何龙
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a power battery self-heating control method and system and an automobile. When the real-time temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset low-temperature threshold value, switching to a self-heating mode of the power battery; after the current open-circuit voltage and the current alternating-current internal resistance of the power battery are obtained according to the current SOC, the switching frequency and the duty ratio required by the heating circuit for heating the power battery are determined; controlling the opening and closing states of all switch elements in the H-bridge structure module according to the determined switching frequency and duty ratio, and conducting a self-heating loop between the H-bridge structure module and the power battery; and performing self-heating operation on the power battery through the conducted self-heating loop until the real-time temperature of the power battery is higher than a preset target temperature threshold, disconnecting the self-heating loop and exiting the self-heating mode of the power battery. The periodic current which is generated by the self-heating loop and can be continuously kept at a high level is used for heating the power battery, so that the heating efficiency is improved.

Description

Power battery self-heating control method and system and automobile
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power batteries, in particular to a power battery self-heating control method and system and an automobile.
Background
With the development of science and technology, new energy automobiles are gradually widely used, and power batteries are used as core power sources in the new energy automobiles and are applied to different environments, but the performance of the power batteries is easily influenced by the ambient temperature under different environments. For example, when the power battery is in a low temperature environment such as-20 ℃, the performance of the power battery may be greatly reduced compared to the normal temperature.
At present, an external heating system is generally adopted to preheat a battery to promote and stabilize the ambient temperature, so that a power battery can discharge electricity to drive a motor to work at a proper temperature. However, in the method of heating the power battery by external heating of the power battery, the energy conversion efficiency transmitted from the external heating system to the power battery is low, and a large temperature gradient is formed inside the power battery, which causes uneven temperature distribution inside the power battery and affects the service life of the power battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a power battery self-heating control method, a power battery self-heating control system and an automobile, and aims to solve the problems of low energy conversion efficiency and uneven temperature distribution of an external heating system.
A self-heating control method of a power battery comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining the real-time temperature of a power battery, and switching to a self-heating mode of the power battery if the real-time temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset low-temperature threshold;
acquiring the current SOC of the power battery in the self-heating mode, and acquiring the current open-circuit voltage and alternating current internal resistance of the power battery according to the current SOC;
determining the switching frequency and the duty ratio required by the heating circuit to heat the power battery according to the open-circuit voltage, the alternating current internal resistance and the component parameters of an H-bridge structure module in the heating circuit; the heating circuit comprises the power battery and an H-bridge structure module externally connected with the power battery;
controlling the opening and closing states of all switch elements in the H-bridge structure module according to the determined switching frequency and duty ratio, and conducting the H-bridge structure module and a self-heating loop constructed by the power battery;
and carrying out self-heating operation on the power battery through the conducted self-heating loop until the real-time temperature of the power battery is higher than a preset target temperature threshold, disconnecting the self-heating loop and exiting the self-heating mode of the power battery, wherein the preset target temperature threshold is larger than the preset low-temperature threshold.
A power battery self-heating control system comprises a heating circuit and a controller used for executing the power battery self-heating control method, wherein the controller is connected with the heating circuit.
An automobile comprises the power battery self-heating control system.
According to the power battery self-heating control method, the power battery self-heating control system and the automobile, the real-time temperature of the power battery is obtained, and if the real-time temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset low-temperature threshold value, the power battery self-heating control method, the power battery self-heating control system and the automobile are switched to the self-heating mode of the power battery; acquiring the current SOC of the power battery in a self-heating mode, and acquiring the current open-circuit voltage and alternating current internal resistance of the power battery according to the current SOC; determining the switching frequency and the duty ratio required by the heating circuit to heat the power battery according to the open-circuit voltage, the alternating current internal resistance and the component parameters of the H-bridge structure module in the heating circuit; the heating circuit comprises a power battery and an H-bridge structure module externally connected with the power battery; controlling the opening and closing states of all switch elements in the H-bridge structure module according to the determined switching frequency and duty ratio, and conducting the H-bridge structure module and a self-heating loop constructed by the power battery; and performing self-heating operation on the power battery through the conducted self-heating loop until the real-time temperature of the power battery is higher than a preset target temperature threshold, disconnecting the self-heating loop and quitting the self-heating mode of the power battery, wherein the preset target temperature threshold is higher than a preset low-temperature threshold. And controlling the opening and closing states of all the switch elements through the determined switching frequency and duty ratio, so that the self-heating loop between the H-bridge structure module and the power battery is conducted, periodic current is generated, and the power battery is charged and discharged by circulating large current. In the charging and discharging processes, the power battery is heated by utilizing the heat generated by the internal resistance of the power battery in the self-heating loop, and the charging time and the discharging time of the power battery are controlled by adjusting the switching frequency and the duty ratio of all the switching elements in the heating circuit, so that the continuous periodic current in the whole heating circuit is always maintained at a higher level, and the heating efficiency of the power battery is improved. The internal resistance of the power battery is utilized to generate heat, so that a large temperature gradient cannot be formed inside the power battery, the internal temperature of the power battery is uniformly distributed, and the safety of the power battery is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive labor.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a power battery self-heating control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of step S13 in the self-heating control method of the power battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of step S131 in the self-heating control method for power battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of step S132 of the power battery self-heating control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a circuit structure diagram of the power battery self-heating control method of the invention.
Wherein, in the figures, the respective reference numerals:
11-a power battery; a 12-H bridge structure module; 13-a third switching element; 121-a first switching element; 122-a second switching element; 123-a first diode; 124-a second diode; 125-a third diode; 126-a fourth diode; 127-inductive elements.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 5, a power battery self-heating control method is provided, which includes the following steps:
s11: and acquiring the real-time temperature of the power battery 11, and if the real-time temperature of the power battery 11 is lower than a preset low-temperature threshold, switching to a self-heating mode of the power battery 11.
Preferably, the power battery 11 is a power battery mounted on a new energy vehicle, and the power battery 11 is a lithium ion battery. The real-time temperature is the temperature of the power battery 11 measured in real time at any current time. The preset low-temperature threshold is used for judging whether the current temperature of the power battery 11 is in a low-temperature environment, and the preset low-temperature threshold is set according to requirements, for example, the preset low-temperature threshold may be-20 ℃, 15 ℃ or 10 ℃ below zero.
The self-heating mode is a mode for automatically self-heating the power battery 11 by using heat generated by internal resistance of the power battery 11. It will be appreciated that the self-heating mode is automatically triggered when the real-time temperature of the power cell 11 is below a preset low temperature threshold. Specifically, if the preset low temperature threshold is-20 ℃, the performance of the power battery 11 is reduced by 30% to 50% or even more than that in the normal temperature environment because of the low temperature environment such as-20 ℃; therefore, in the process of acquiring the real-time temperature of the power battery 11, if the temperature of the power battery 11 at any time is lower than the preset low-temperature threshold value of minus 20 ℃, for example, the real-time temperature of the power battery 11 is minus 21 ℃, at this time, the self-heating mode of the power battery 11 is switched.
S12: the current SOC (State Of Charge) Of the power battery 11 is acquired in the self-heating mode, and the current open-circuit voltage and the ac internal resistance Of the power battery 11 are acquired based on the current SOC.
Where SOC is a battery state of charge, and the state of charge refers to a ratio of a current remaining capacity of the power battery 11 to a capacity of the power battery 11 in a fully charged state. The open circuit voltage is the potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes when no current flows through the power battery 11. The alternating-current internal resistance is the internal resistance of the power battery 11 detected after sine wave signals are input to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power battery 11, and the alternating-current internal resistance increases along with the increase of the SOC.
Specifically, the open-circuit voltage and the internal ac resistance of the power battery 11 are both related to the SOC and the temperature of the power battery 11, and therefore, as long as the current SOC and the temperature of the power battery 11 are determined, the open-circuit voltage and the internal ac resistance can be determined accordingly. In the present invention, the open-circuit voltage and the SOC of the power Battery 11 are stored in association with the SOC in the BMS (Battery Management System) or other database, and therefore, after acquiring the current SOC of the power Battery 11 in the self-heating mode, the current open-circuit voltage and the ac internal resistance of the power Battery 11 are acquired based on the acquired current SOC (which can be measured in real time at the current time during the actual operation of the power Battery 11) in the BMS or other database based on the acquired current SOC and temperature.
S13: determining the switching frequency and the duty ratio required by the heating circuit to heat the power battery 11 according to the open-circuit voltage, the alternating current internal resistance and the component parameters of the H-bridge structure module 12 in the heating circuit; the heating circuit comprises a power battery 11 and an H-bridge structure module 12 externally connected with the power battery 11.
The heating circuit is a circuit for self-heating the power battery 11, and the heating circuit includes the power battery 11 and an H-bridge structure module 12 externally connected to the power battery 11. The H-bridge structure module 12 is used to cooperate with the whole process of controlling the self-heating of the power battery 11, which includes the charging process (the charging process corresponds to the charging time) and the discharging process (the discharging process corresponds to the discharging time) of the power battery 11, and in an embodiment, the H-bridge structure module 12 includes four diodes and one inductance element 127. The component parameters refer to parameters corresponding to all components in the H-bridge structure module 12, such as resistance values of the switching elements, resistance values of the internal resistances of the diodes, and the like. The switching frequency is the frequency at which the switching elements in the H-bridge configuration module 12 are closed and opened. The duty cycle is the ratio of the discharge time of the power battery 11 to the total time of charging and discharging the power battery 11.
Specifically, after the current open-circuit voltage and the current alternating-current internal resistance of the power battery 11 are obtained according to the current SOC, the charging time and the discharging time corresponding to the heating circuit are determined according to the open-circuit voltage, the current alternating-current internal resistance and the component parameters of the H-bridge structure module 12 in the heating circuit, so as to determine the switching frequency and the duty ratio required by the heating circuit to heat the power battery 11.
S14: and controlling the opening and closing states of all the switching elements in the H-bridge structure module 12 according to the determined switching frequency and duty ratio, so that the H-bridge structure module 12 is conducted with the self-heating loop constructed by the power battery 11.
The open/close state includes a closed state or an open state of all switch elements in the H-bridge structure module 12, and the switch elements may be BJTs (Bipolar Junction transistors), MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect transistors), IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar transistors), or the like. After the self-heating circuit is turned on, the self-heating operation of the power battery 11 may be achieved by the turned-on self-heating circuit.
Specifically, after the switching frequency and the duty ratio required by the heating circuit to heat the power battery 11 are determined, the on-off states of all the switching elements in the H-bridge structure module 12 are controlled according to the determined switching frequency and duty ratio, so that the self-heating loop between the H-bridge structure module 12 and the power battery 11 (according to the switching frequency and the duty ratio required by the power battery 11 to heat, the conducted self-heating loop automatically changes, and in the process, the on-off states of all the switching elements change accordingly to conduct different self-heating loops) is conducted.
S15: and performing self-heating operation on the power battery 11 through the conducted self-heating loop until the real-time temperature of the power battery 11 is higher than a preset target temperature threshold, disconnecting the self-heating loop and quitting the self-heating mode of the power battery 11, wherein the preset target temperature threshold is higher than a preset low-temperature threshold.
The preset target temperature threshold is a temperature threshold corresponding to a normal working state of the power battery 11, and may be 10 ℃, 15 ℃ or the like.
Specifically, after the self-heating circuit between the H-bridge structure module 12 and the power battery 11 is conducted, the power battery 11 is subjected to self-heating operation through the conducted self-heating circuit, so that the internal resistance of the power battery 11 generates heat, thereby increasing the temperature of the power battery 11; detecting the temperature of the power battery 11 in real time during the self-heating operation of the power battery 11 through the conducted self-heating loop; when the real-time temperature of the power battery 11 is higher than the preset target temperature threshold, it represents that the performance of the power battery 11 at the current temperature reaches the performance index at the normal temperature, and at this time, the power battery 11 does not need to be self-heated, so that the self-heating loop is disconnected and the self-heating mode of the power battery 11 is exited.
In the present embodiment, the self-heating circuit between the H-bridge structure module 12 and the power battery 11 is turned on to generate a periodic current, so as to charge and discharge the power battery 11 with a large current in a stable cycle. In the charging and discharging processes, the power battery 11 is heated by using the heat generated by the internal resistance of the power battery 11 in the self-heating loop, and the ratio of the charging time to the discharging time of the power battery 11 is controlled by adjusting the switching frequency and the duty ratio of all the switching elements in the heating circuit, so that the continuous periodic current in the whole heating circuit is always maintained at a high level, and the heating efficiency of the power battery 11 is improved. The internal resistance of the power battery 11 is utilized to generate heat, so that a large temperature gradient cannot be formed inside the power battery 11, the internal temperature of the power battery 11 is uniformly distributed, and the safety of the power battery 11 is improved.
In an embodiment, before step S11, that is, before acquiring the real-time temperature of the power battery 11, the method further includes:
acquiring an electrochemical impedance spectrum of the power battery 11 at a preset low-temperature threshold; wherein the alternating current heating frequency in the electrochemical impedance spectrum at the preset low temperature threshold is associated with the SOC of the power battery 11 at the preset low temperature threshold.
And determining the lower limit value of the alternating-current heating frequency of the power battery 11 according to the alternating-current heating frequency in the acquired electrochemical impedance spectrum.
In the present embodiment, the Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum (EIS) represents the variation of the ratio of the ac voltage to the current signal (this ratio is the Impedance of the system) with the sine wave frequency ω, and represents the corresponding ac heating frequency under different SOCs. The alternating current heating frequency is the number of times of completing the alternating current heating correspondingly by different SOC of the power battery 11 under the same time. The lower limit value of the alternating heating frequency is the minimum value of all the alternating heating frequencies in the high frequency region.
Specifically, when the temperature of the power battery 11 reaches a preset low temperature threshold, electrochemical impedance spectrums corresponding to different SOCs of the power battery 11 are measured to obtain electrochemical impedance spectrums corresponding to respective full-range SOCs of the power battery 11 (the electrochemical impedance spectrums include alternating-current heating frequencies correspondingly associated with the SOCs of the power battery 11, and therefore, the electrochemical impedance spectrums corresponding to the respective full-range SOCs can be determined according to the association relationship between the SOCs and the alternating-current heating frequencies); further, the ac heating frequency range of the power battery 11 (the range to which the ac heating frequencies in all the electrochemical impedance spectra corresponding to the full-range SOC respectively belong) is determined from the obtained electrochemical impedance spectrum; the heating frequency range to be heated is determined based on the ac heating frequency up to the critical frequency of the high frequency region (preferably, the critical frequency of the high frequency region is 100Hz to 1000Hz) in the ac heating frequency range, and then the ac heating frequency lower limit value of the power battery 11 is determined from the ac heating frequency range to be heated.
In the embodiment, the alternating current excitation frequency range of the power battery 11 is determined by acquiring electrochemical impedance spectrums corresponding to different SOCs under the low-temperature condition. The method comprises the steps of selecting a high-frequency critical alternating current frequency range, determining the lower limit of the alternating current heating frequency from the alternating current frequency range, ensuring that the alternating current heating frequency is in a high-frequency region of an electrochemical impedance spectrum of the power battery 11, ensuring that the power battery 11 is rapidly and uniformly heated, avoiding the generation of lithium dendrites on a cathode of the power battery 11, and improving the safety of the heating process of the power battery 11.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, in step S13, that is, determining the switching frequency and the duty ratio required by the heating circuit to heat the power battery 11 according to the open-circuit voltage, the alternating-current internal resistance, and the component parameters of the H-bridge structure module 12 in the heating circuit, includes:
s131: and determining the corresponding discharge time of the self-heating loop according to the alternating current internal resistance, the lower limit value of the alternating current heating frequency and the component parameters of the H-bridge structure module 12 in the heating circuit.
The discharge time is the continuous working time of the power battery 11 for supplying the current to the H-bridge structure module 12.
Specifically, after the current open-circuit voltage and the current internal resistance of the power battery 11 are obtained according to the current SOC, the residual current corresponding to the current SOC of the power battery 11 is determined according to the open-circuit voltage, the current internal resistance and the component parameters of the H-bridge structure module 12, and then the continuous working time, namely the discharging time, during which the self-heating circuit is conducted and discharged is determined.
S132: and determining the charging time corresponding to the self-heating loop according to the open-circuit voltage, the alternating current internal resistance, the component parameters, the discharging time and a preset charging current threshold value.
The charging time is a duration of charging the power battery 11, and the current of the power battery 11 reaches the steady current threshold. The preset charging current threshold is a threshold at which the charging current of the power battery 11 reaches when the preset charging current threshold is in the preset stable state.
Specifically, after the discharging time corresponding to the self-heating loop is determined according to the alternating current internal resistance, the lower limit value of the alternating current heating frequency and the component parameters of the H-bridge structure module 12 in the heating circuit, the time required for charging the power battery 11 and making the current of the power battery 11 reach the stable current threshold (i.e., the charging current threshold, which is set according to the requirement), i.e., the charging time, is determined according to the open-circuit voltage, the alternating current internal resistance, the component parameters and the discharging time.
S133: and determining the switching frequency and the duty ratio required by the heating circuit to heat the power battery 11 according to the charging time and the discharging time.
Specifically, after the charging time and the discharging time are determined, the cycle time of charging and discharging the power battery 11 (the cycle time is the sum of the charging time and the discharging time) is determined according to the charging time and the discharging time; determining the switching frequency required by the heating circuit to heat the power battery 11 according to the cycle time; and determining the duty ratio required by the heating circuit to heat the power battery 11 according to the discharge time and the cycle time.
Further, assume that the charging time is t1Discharge time of t2(ii) a The cycle time of charging and discharging the power battery 11 is as follows: t ═ T1+t2(ii) a The switching frequency required by the heating circuit to heat the power battery 11 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002551188640000101
the duty ratio required by the heating circuit to heat the power battery 11 is as follows: d ═ t1/T*100％。
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the H-bridge structure module 12 in the heating circuit includes: a first switching element 121, a second switching element 122, a first diode 123, a second diode 124, a third diode 125, a fourth diode 126, and an inductance element 127; the heating circuit further comprises a third switching element 13.
The anode of the power battery 11 is connected with the cathode of the first diode 123 and the cathode of the third diode 125 through the third switching element 13; the anode of the first diode 123 is connected to the cathode of the second diode 124 and the first end of the inductance element 127; the anode of the third diode 125 is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode 126 and the second end of the inductance element 127; the anode of the second diode 124 and the anode of the fourth diode 126 are both connected with the cathode of the power battery 11; both ends of the first switching element 121 are connected to the cathode and the anode of the first diode 123, respectively; both ends of the second switching element 122 are connected to a cathode of the fourth diode 126 and an anode of the fourth diode 126, respectively.
As shown in fig. 3, determining the discharge time corresponding to the self-heating loop according to the ac internal resistance, the ac heating frequency lower limit value, and the component parameters of the H-bridge structure module 12 in the heating circuit includes:
s1311: and determining a corresponding discharge time constant of the self-heating loop according to the alternating-current internal resistance, the inductance parameter of the inductance element 127, the switching internal resistance of the first switching element 121 and the switching internal resistance of the second switching element 122.
The inductance parameter is substantially inductance. The switching internal resistance is an equivalent resistance inside the switching element.
Specifically, after the current alternating internal resistance of the power battery 11 is obtained according to the current SOC, the discharge time constant corresponding to the self-heating loop is determined according to the alternating internal resistance, the inductance parameter of the inductance element 127, the switching internal resistance of the first switching element 121, and the switching internal resistance of the second switching element 122.
Further, the discharge time constant corresponding to the self-heating circuit can be determined according to the following expression:
τ1＝L/(R0+2*Rs)
wherein, tau1Is the discharge time constant. L is an inductance parameter of the inductance element 127. R0Is the alternating internal resistance of the power battery 11. RsThe switching internal resistance of the first switching element 121 and the switching internal resistance of the second switching element 122. Generally, the first switching element 121 and the second switching element 122 are selected to be the same switching element, and thus the switching internal resistance of the first switching element 121 is the same as the switching internal resistance of the second switching element 122. If the first switch element 121 and the second switch element 122 select different switch elements, and the switching internal resistance of the first switch element 121 and the second switch element are differentThe switching internal resistances of the elements 122 are different, the above expression can be replaced by τ1＝L/(R0+Rs1+Rs2) (ii) a Wherein R iss1And Rs2Respectively corresponding to the switching internal resistances of the two switching elements.
S1312: the minimum value of the discharge time constant and the time constant corresponding to the lower limit value of the ac heating frequency is determined as the discharge time.
Specifically, after the ac heating frequency lower limit value of the power battery 11 and the discharge time constant corresponding to the self-heating circuit are determined, the minimum value of the discharge time constant and the ac heating frequency lower limit value is determined as the discharge time.
Further, the minimum value of the discharge time constant and the ac heating frequency lower limit value described above is determined as a discharge time, and the discharge time determined by the minimum function is t1＝min(1/(2f1),τ1/3)。
In order to avoid the phenomenon that the current rises sharply after the inductor reaches the saturation state, the inductor current needs to be ensured not to reach the saturation state, therefore, the discharge time in the invention should be much shorter than the discharge time constant, preferably, the discharge time can be selected as tau according to the discharge time constant1/3。
Further, in the self-heating process of the power battery 11, the required alternating current frequency should not be lower than the lower limit value of the alternating current heating frequency; assuming that the lower limit value of the AC heating frequency is f1According to the reciprocal relationship between time and frequency, the time constant corresponding to the limit under the AC heating frequency is obtained as follows: 1/(2 f)1) Based on Nyquist theorem, the obtained AC frequency should be greater than 2f1Therefore, the discharge time should be less than 1/(2 f)1)。
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the step S132 of determining the charging time corresponding to the self-heating loop according to the open-circuit voltage, the alternating-current internal resistance, the component parameter, and the discharging time includes:
s1321: and determining the discharging end current of the power battery 11 according to the open-circuit voltage, the alternating current internal resistance, the conduction voltage drop of the first switching element 121, the conduction voltage drop of the second switching element 122, the switching internal resistance of the first switching element 121, the switching internal resistance of the second switching element 122, the discharging time and a preset charging current threshold value.
Here, the turn-on voltage drop refers to a change in potential (potential) with respect to the same reference point after a current flows through a load. The discharge end current is the current of the power battery 11 after the discharge time of the power battery 11 is ended.
Specifically, after the discharge time corresponding to the self-heating circuit is determined, the discharge end current of the power battery 11 is determined according to the open-circuit voltage, the alternating-current internal resistance, the conduction voltage drop of the first switching element 121, the conduction voltage drop of the second switching element 122, the switching internal resistance of the first switching element 121, the switching internal resistance of the second switching element 122, the discharge time and the preset charging current threshold.
Further, the discharge end current of the power battery 11 may be determined by the following expression:
Figure BDA0002551188640000131
wherein, I2Is the discharge end current of the power battery 11. I is1Is a preset charging current threshold. U shapeOCVIs an open circuit voltage. U shapesWhich is a turn-on voltage drop of the first switching element 121 and a turn-on voltage drop of the second switching element 122. R0Is the alternating internal resistance of the power battery 11. RsThe switching internal resistance of the first switching element 121 and the switching internal resistance of the second switching element 122.
S1322: and determining a charging time constant corresponding to the power battery 11 according to the alternating current internal resistance, the inductance parameter, the internal resistance of the second diode 124 and the internal resistance of the third diode 125.
The internal resistance of the second diode 124 and the internal resistance of the third diode 125 are equivalent resistances inside the diodes.
Specifically, the charging time constant corresponding to the power battery 11 is determined according to the alternating current internal resistance, the inductance parameter, the internal resistance of the second diode 124 and the internal resistance of the third diode 125.
Further, the charging time constant corresponding to the power battery 11 may be determined according to the following expression:
τ2＝L/(R0+2*RD)
wherein, tau2Is the charging time constant of the power battery 11. L is an inductance parameter. R0Is the alternating internal resistance of the power battery 11. RDThe internal resistance of the second diode 124 and the internal resistance of the third diode 125. In general, the second diode 124 and the third diode 125 have the same diode elements, so that the internal resistance of the second diode 124 is the same as the internal resistance of the third diode 125. Further, if the second diode 124 and the third diode 125 select different diode elements, and the internal resistance of the second diode 124 is different from the internal resistance of the third diode 125, the above expression is changed to: tau is2＝L/(R0+RD1+RD2) (ii) a Wherein R isD1And RD2Are internal resistances corresponding to the two diodes, respectively.
S1323: and obtaining the charging time of the power battery 11 according to the charging time constant, the discharging ending current and a preset charging current threshold.
Specifically, after determining the charging time constant and the discharging end current, determining a relational expression of the current and the time in the charging process of the power battery 11 according to the charging time constant and the discharging end current; when the charging current reaches the preset charging current threshold, the charging time of the power battery 11 is obtained.
Further, the relationship expression of the current I during the charging process of the power battery 11 and the time t is determined as follows:
I＝-I2(1-e-(t/τ2))
wherein, I is the current of the power battery 11 during the charging process. I is2Is the discharge end current of the power battery 11. Tau is2Is the charging time constant of the power battery 11. Further, the discharging current of the power battery 11 is a positive current, and the charging current of the power battery 11 is a negative current, so that a negative sign is added in the expression.
When the charging current I reaches a preset charging current threshold I1The charging time t of the power battery 11 is determined according to the following formula2：
-I2(1-e-{t2/τ2))＝-I1
In this embodiment, by setting a preset charging current threshold, when the charging current is reduced to the preset charging current threshold, the discharging process of the next period is started, and the discharging current of the next period starts at a larger current value, so that the charging current and the discharging current of the power battery 11 in the heating circuit are always maintained at a higher level, the phenomenon of a "dead zone" that no current flows in the power battery 11 and the battery heating power is 0 when the charging current is reduced to 0 is avoided, and the efficiency of heating the power battery 11 in each charging and discharging period is improved.
In one embodiment, the self-heating circuit includes a discharge circuit constructed by the power battery 11, the third switching element 13, the first switching element 121, the inductance element 127, and the second switching element 122.
Controlling the on-off state of all the switching elements in the H-bridge structure module 12 according to the determined switching frequency and duty ratio to conduct the self-heating loop between the H-bridge structure module 12 and the power battery 11, including:
and controlling the third switching element 13 to close, and controlling the first switching element 121 and the second switching element 122 to close synchronously according to the switching frequency and the duty ratio so as to conduct the discharging loop and heat the power battery 11.
Specifically, after the switching frequency and the duty ratio required for the heating circuit to heat the power battery 11 are determined, the first switching element 121 and the second switching element 122 in the H-bridge structure module 12 are controlled to be synchronously closed, i.e., in an on state, according to the switching frequency and the duty ratio, so that the current output from the positive electrode of the power battery 11 is input to the negative electrode of the power battery 11 through the third switching element 13, the first switching element 121, the inductance element 127, and the third switching element 13. At this time, the power battery 11 is in a discharging state, the inductance element 127 stores energy, the discharging loop is conducted, and the power battery 11 is heated by heat generated by the alternating internal resistance of the power battery 11.
Understandably, in the present invention, after switching to the self-heating mode of the power battery, i.e. controlling the third switching element to be in the closed state, i.e. in the self-heating mode, the power battery is in the closed state during self-heating.
In an embodiment, the self-heating loop includes a charging loop constructed by the power battery 11, the third switching element 13, the second diode 124, the inductive element 127 and the third diode 125.
Controlling the on-off state of all the switching elements in the H-bridge structure module 12 according to the determined switching frequency and duty ratio to conduct the self-heating loop between the H-bridge structure module 12 and the power battery 11, including:
and controlling the third switching element 13 to be closed, and controlling the first switching element 121 and the second switching element 122 to be synchronously opened according to the switching frequency and the duty ratio so as to enable the charging loop to be conducted and heat the power battery 11.
Specifically, after the switching frequency and the duty ratio required for the heating circuit to heat the power battery 11 are determined, the first switching element 121 and the second switching element 122 in the H-bridge structure module 12 are controlled to be turned off synchronously according to the switching frequency and the duty ratio, so that the current output from the negative electrode of the power battery 11 is input to the positive electrode of the power battery 11 through the second diode 124, the inductance element 127, the third diode 125 and the third switching element 13. At this time, the power battery 11 is in a charging state, the inductance element 127 releases energy, the charging loop is conducted, and the power battery 11 is heated by heat generated by the alternating internal resistance of the power battery 11.
In an embodiment, the step S15, namely, disconnecting the self-heating loop and exiting the self-heating mode of the power battery 11 until the real-time temperature of the power battery 11 is higher than the preset target temperature threshold value, includes:
when the real-time temperature of the power battery 11 is higher than the preset target temperature threshold, the third switching element 13, the first switching element 121 and the second switching element 122 controlling the power battery 11 are synchronously turned off, so that the self-heating loop between the H-bridge structure module 12 and the power battery 11 is turned off, and the self-heating mode of the power battery 11 is exited.
The preset target temperature threshold is a temperature corresponding to the performance of the power battery 11 in a normal state, and may be 10 ℃, 15 ℃, or the like.
In particular, during the self-heating operation of the power cell 11 by means of the conducted self-heating circuit, the real-time temperature of the power cell 11 is monitored, when the current real-time temperature of the power battery 11 is higher than the preset target temperature threshold (it can also be set that after the detected current real-time temperature is in a stable state higher than the preset target temperature threshold within a period of time, the self-heating loop is disconnected, and the self-heating mode of the power battery 11 is exited, so as to avoid frequent switching of the self-heating mode caused by frequent current changes of the real-time temperature), the third switching element 13, the first switching element 121 and the second switching element 122 of the power battery 11 are controlled to be synchronously disconnected, so as to disconnect the self-heating loop between the H-bridge structure module 12 and the power battery 11, and exit the self-heating mode of the power battery 11, and stop heating the power battery 11.
In the above embodiment, the charging time and the discharging time of the power battery 11 are controlled by the determined switching frequency and duty ratio, so that the charging current and the discharging current of the power battery 11 are both maintained at a high level, and the heating power of the internal resistance of the power battery 11 is greatly improved.
In one embodiment, a power battery self-heating control system is provided, which comprises a heating circuit and a controller for executing the power battery self-heating control method, wherein the controller is connected with a heating loop.
In one embodiment, an automobile is provided, which includes the power battery self-heating control system in the above embodiments.
It should be understood that, the sequence numbers of the steps in the foregoing embodiments do not imply an execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, only the above-mentioned division of the functional units and modules is illustrated, and in practical applications, the above-mentioned function distribution may be performed by different functional units and modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the apparatus is divided into different functional units or modules to perform all or part of the above-mentioned functions.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A self-heating control method of a power battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining the real-time temperature of a power battery, and switching to a self-heating mode of the power battery if the real-time temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset low-temperature threshold;
acquiring the current SOC of the power battery in the self-heating mode, and acquiring the current open-circuit voltage and alternating current internal resistance of the power battery according to the current SOC;
determining the switching frequency and the duty ratio required by the heating circuit to heat the power battery according to the open-circuit voltage, the alternating current internal resistance and the component parameters of an H-bridge structure module in the heating circuit; the heating circuit comprises the power battery and an H-bridge structure module externally connected with the power battery;
controlling the opening and closing states of all switch elements in the H-bridge structure module according to the determined switching frequency and duty ratio, and conducting the H-bridge structure module and a self-heating loop constructed by the power battery;
and carrying out self-heating operation on the power battery through the conducted self-heating loop until the real-time temperature of the power battery is higher than a preset target temperature threshold, disconnecting the self-heating loop and exiting the self-heating mode of the power battery, wherein the preset target temperature threshold is larger than the preset low-temperature threshold.
2. The power battery self-heating control method of claim 1, wherein before obtaining the real-time temperature of the power battery, the method further comprises:
acquiring an electrochemical impedance spectrum of the power battery at the preset low-temperature threshold; wherein the alternating current heating frequency in the electrochemical impedance spectrum at the preset low temperature threshold is associated with the SOC of the power battery at the preset low temperature threshold;
and determining the lower limit value of the alternating-current heating frequency of the power battery according to the alternating-current heating frequency in the obtained electrochemical impedance spectrum.
3. The self-heating control method of the power battery according to claim 2, wherein the determining of the switching frequency and the duty ratio required by the heating circuit to heat the power battery according to the open-circuit voltage, the alternating current internal resistance and the component parameters of the H-bridge structure module in the heating circuit comprises:
determining the discharge time corresponding to the self-heating loop according to the alternating current internal resistance, the alternating current heating frequency lower limit value and the component parameters of an H-bridge structure module in the heating circuit;
determining the charging time corresponding to the self-heating loop according to the open-circuit voltage, the alternating current internal resistance, the component parameters, the discharging time and a preset charging current threshold;
and determining the switching frequency and the duty ratio required by the heating circuit to heat the power battery according to the charging time and the discharging time.
4. The power battery self-heating control method according to claim 3, wherein the H-bridge structure module in the heating circuit comprises: the circuit comprises a first switch element, a second switch element, a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode and an inductance element; the heating circuit further comprises a third switching element;
the anode of the power battery is connected with the cathode of the first diode and the cathode of the third diode through a third switching element; the anode of the first diode is connected with the cathode of the second diode and the first end of the inductance element; the anode of the third diode is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode and the second end of the inductance element; the anode of the second diode and the anode of the fourth diode are both connected with the cathode of the power battery; two ends of the first switch element are respectively connected with the cathode and the anode of the first diode; two ends of the second switching element are respectively connected with the cathode of the fourth diode and the anode of the fourth diode;
the determining the discharge time corresponding to the self-heating loop according to the alternating current internal resistance, the alternating current heating frequency lower limit value and the component parameters of the H-bridge structure module in the heating circuit comprises:
determining a discharge time constant corresponding to the self-heating loop according to the alternating current internal resistance, the inductance parameter of the inductance element, the switching internal resistance of the first switching element and the switching internal resistance of the second switching element;
and determining the minimum value of the discharge time constant and the time constant corresponding to the lower limit value of the alternating-current heating frequency as the discharge time.
5. The self-heating control method of the power battery according to claim 4, wherein the determining the charging time corresponding to the self-heating loop according to the open-circuit voltage, the alternating current internal resistance, the component parameters and the discharging time comprises:
determining a discharging end current of the power battery according to the open-circuit voltage, the alternating current internal resistance, the conduction voltage drop of the first switching element, the conduction voltage drop of the second switching element, the switching internal resistance of the first switching element, the switching internal resistance of the second switching element, the discharging time and the preset charging current threshold;
determining a charging time constant corresponding to the power battery according to the alternating current internal resistance, the inductance parameter, the internal resistance of the second diode and the internal resistance of the third diode;
and obtaining the charging time of the power battery according to the charging time constant, the discharging ending current and the preset charging current threshold value.
6. The power battery self-heating control method according to claim 4, wherein the self-heating loop comprises a discharge loop constructed by the power battery, the third switching element, the first switching element, the inductance element and the second switching element;
the controlling the opening and closing states of all the switch elements in the H-bridge structure module according to the determined switching frequency and duty ratio to conduct the self-heating loop between the H-bridge structure module and the power battery includes:
and controlling the third switching element to be closed, and controlling the first switching element and the second switching element to be synchronously closed according to the switching frequency and the duty ratio so as to enable a discharging loop to be conducted and heat the power battery.
7. The power battery self-heating control method according to claim 4, wherein the self-heating loop comprises a charging loop constructed by the power battery, the third switching element, the second diode, the inductive element and the third diode;
the controlling the opening and closing states of all the switch elements in the H-bridge structure module according to the determined switching frequency and duty ratio to conduct the self-heating loop between the H-bridge structure module and the power battery includes:
and controlling the third switching element to be closed, and controlling the first switching element and the second switching element to be synchronously opened according to the switching frequency and the duty ratio so as to enable the charging loop to be switched on and heat the power battery.
8. The power battery self-heating control method of claim 4, wherein the step of disconnecting the self-heating loop and exiting the self-heating mode of the power battery until the real-time temperature of the power battery is higher than a preset target temperature threshold comprises the following steps:
when the real-time temperature of the power battery is higher than a preset target temperature threshold value, controlling a third switching element, the first switching element and the second switching element of the power battery to be synchronously switched off so as to disconnect a self-heating loop between the H-bridge structure module and the power battery and exit from a self-heating mode of the power battery.
9. A power battery self-heating control system, characterized by comprising a heating circuit and a controller for executing the power battery self-heating control method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the controller is connected with the heating circuit.
10. An automobile, characterized by comprising the power battery self-heating control system of claim 9.
CN202010575447.7A 2020-06-22 2020-06-22 Power battery self-heating control method and system and automobile Pending CN113904026A (en)

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