CN111048856A - Method and device for self-heating power battery at top speed - Google Patents
Method and device for self-heating power battery at top speed Download PDFInfo
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- CN111048856A CN111048856A CN201911300916.8A CN201911300916A CN111048856A CN 111048856 A CN111048856 A CN 111048856A CN 201911300916 A CN201911300916 A CN 201911300916A CN 111048856 A CN111048856 A CN 111048856A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
A power battery speed self-heating method and device utilize the corresponding relation of initial SOC, contact resistance and critical short circuit time threshold; or the initial SOC, the SOH and the corresponding relation between the contact resistance and the critical short-circuit time threshold value are utilized. The self-heating time of the battery with high safety and durability is ensured. Utilizing the corresponding relation between the self-heating temperature rise speed, the initial SOC and the switching frequency, the duty ratio and the contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device; the heating current frequency, duration and amplitude can be automatically optimized and decided according to the heating target temperature and the required heating speed in the low-temperature environment, the requirement of adjustable heating speed of the battery in the low-temperature environment for rapid self-heating can be met, and the battery can still have high safety and durability after being heated for many times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of thermal management of power batteries of electric automobiles, in particular to a low-temperature self-heating technology of the power batteries.
Background
In a low-temperature environment, the internal electrochemical reaction process of the power battery is slowed, and lithium ions are difficult to de-embed, so that the charging and discharging capacity is poor, and the available capacity and the power capacity are greatly reduced, so that the battery needs to be preheated in advance. In addition, particularly, lithium metal can be precipitated on the surface of the graphite negative electrode when the battery is charged in a low-temperature environment, internal short circuit can be caused due to the generation of lithium dendrite, the damage of the battery and even thermal runaway can be caused, and the popularization and the promotion of the electric automobile in all-weather and no dead angle are greatly hindered. Therefore, a self-heating method and a self-heating device with adjustable low-temperature speed of the power battery are developed, and the requirement of the power battery for use in a low-temperature environment can be met.
Although the critical time boundary of lossless self-heating is considered from the perspective of experimental exploration, the heating method or the heating device researched at present cannot influence the safety and the service life of the battery in the heating process, and a set of power battery low-temperature heating method and the device are designed from the perspective of safety and controllability, the speed in the heating process cannot be adjusted, the critical time of lossless short circuit is not determined from the perspective of theoretical modeling, and the influence on the safety and the durability of the battery after multiple times of heating is not verified, so that potential safety hazards exist in the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to overcome the technical defects, the invention provides a method and a device for extremely-fast self-heating of a power battery.
The invention provides a method for detecting the critical short circuit time of a battery by utilizing the corresponding relation of an initial SOC, a contact resistance and a critical short circuit time threshold; or the initial SOC, the SOH and the corresponding relation between the contact resistance and the critical short-circuit time threshold value are utilized. The self-heating time of the battery with high safety and durability is ensured.
The invention determines the threshold value of the nondestructive self-heating critical time from two different angles of simulation optimization and test.
The invention provides a method for controlling the self-heating trigger device to perform self-heating based on the self-heating trigger device, which utilizes the corresponding relation between the self-heating temperature rise speed, the initial SOC and the switching frequency, the duty ratio and the contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device; the heating current frequency, duration and amplitude can be automatically optimized and decided according to the heating target temperature, the required heating speed and the initial SOC of the battery in the low-temperature environment, the requirement of adjustable heating speed of the battery in the low-temperature environment for top-speed self-heating can be met, and the battery can still have high safety and durability after being heated for many times.
The invention determines the corresponding relation between the self-heating temperature rise speed, the initial SOC and the switching frequency, the duty ratio and the contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device from two different angles of optimization and test.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a self-heating device for a power battery
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a low temperature self-heating method
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the surface temperature change of a battery under different self-heating currents
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the power battery according to the present invention is preferably a lithium ion power battery.
The environment with good control of the invention means that the fluctuation range of the environmental temperature is not large, the sensor is corrected, the self-heating trigger device works normally, and the specific standard of the environment with good control is determined by the technicians in the field according to the actual conditions.
The invention discloses a power battery top-speed self-heating device as shown in figure 1. The device comprises a low-temperature self-heating control device, a low-temperature self-heating trigger device, an external heating device, a power battery, a battery management system, a current sensor, a voltage acquisition unit, a current acquisition unit and a temperature acquisition unit.
One end of the low-temperature self-heating control device is connected with the control end of the low-temperature self-heating trigger device in series, the low-temperature self-heating trigger device is connected with the power battery in series after being connected with the current sensor in series, and the external heating device is installed on the surface of the power battery;
the self-heating trigger device is preferably a controllable switch, and the conduction frequency, the duty ratio and the contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device meet the self-heating requirement. The contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device is the internal resistance of the self-heating trigger device connected with the power battery in series, namely the internal resistance of the controllable switch connected with the power battery in series.
The low-temperature self-heating control device controls the low-temperature self-heating time by controlling the periodic closing and opening of the low-temperature self-heating trigger device. The self-heating trigger device is closed, and the power battery is short-circuited externally to perform large-current self-discharge.
And the low-temperature self-heating control device controls the contact resistance of the low-temperature self-heating trigger device.
The temperature sensor is arranged on the surface of the battery and used for collecting the surface temperature of the battery;
the current sensor is used for collecting current in the self-heating process of the battery, heat generated by the battery can be calculated in real time by utilizing the current, and temperature rise of the battery in the self-heating process can be predicted by utilizing the thermal model.
The power battery management system comprises a voltage acquisition unit, a current acquisition unit and a temperature acquisition unit, wherein the voltage acquisition unit, the current acquisition unit and the temperature acquisition unit are used for monitoring the state of the power battery system in real time and transmitting the data of the power battery system to the battery management system in real time.
The self-heating method using the self-heating device comprises the following steps:
determining and pre-storing the corresponding relation between the self-heating temperature rise speed and the initial SOC and the switching frequency, the duty ratio and the contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device in an off-line manner;
determining and pre-storing the corresponding relation between the initial SOC, the contact resistance and the critical short-circuit time threshold value in an off-line manner; or determining and pre-storing the corresponding relation between the initial SOC, the SOH and the contact resistance and the threshold value of the critical short-circuit time in an off-line manner.
S1, comparing the battery temperature with a target temperature by a battery management system, starting a power battery system if the battery temperature is higher than the target temperature, and starting self-heating if the battery temperature is lower than the target temperature;
s2, acquiring the current SOC of the battery, determining the self-heating temperature rise speed required by the battery, and determining the switching frequency, the duty ratio and the contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device according to the corresponding relation between the pre-stored self-heating temperature rise speed, the initial SOC and the switching frequency, the duty ratio and the contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device; thereby determining the heating current frequency, duration and current amplitude.
And S3, determining a critical short-circuit time threshold value according to the pre-stored initial SOC, the corresponding relation between the contact resistance and the critical short-circuit time threshold value by combining the current battery SOC and the contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device.
In an alternative embodiment, the critical short-circuit time threshold is determined according to the pre-stored initial SOC, SOH and the corresponding relationship between the contact resistance and the critical short-circuit time threshold in combination with the current battery SOC, SOH and the contact resistance of the self-heating triggering device.
S4, recording the duration of the self-heating process, and stopping self-heating if any one of the following two conditions is met:
condition 1: the self-heating duration time reaches the critical short circuit time threshold;
condition 2: the battery temperature is greater than or equal to the target temperature;
and S5, judging whether external heating is needed to assist self-heating according to the critical short-circuit time threshold, and if the temperature can be raised to the target temperature only through self-heating within the critical short-circuit time threshold, no external heating is needed. Otherwise, external heating is started.
And S6, heating the power battery by using an external heating device when external heating is started.
Preferably, before starting the self-heating, whether the temperature can be increased to the target temperature only by the self-heating within the critical short-circuit time threshold is judged, and if not, the self-heating and the external heating are started simultaneously to reduce the heating time.
Preferably, the external heating is performed after the self-heating is completed.
And S7, when the temperature of the battery rises to the target temperature, finishing self-heating and/or external heating, and starting the power battery system.
Determining and pre-storing the corresponding relation between the self-heating temperature rise speed and the initial SOC and the switching frequency, the duty ratio and the contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device in an off-line manner, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
firstly, the external short circuit test of the battery is carried out under a well-controlled environment to simulate large-current discharge, and experimental data are obtained. Under the conditions of ensuring the highest safety and the longest service life of the battery, automatically optimizing the switching frequency, the duty ratio and the contact resistance of the optimal self-heating trigger device by utilizing an optimization algorithm according to the target temperature and the initial SOC, thereby establishing the corresponding relation between the self-heating temperature rise speed, the initial SOC and the switching frequency, the duty ratio and the contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device; the optimal optimization result can ensure that the battery has optimal safety and durability after self-heating.
And secondly, performing a battery external short circuit test in a well-controlled environment to simulate large-current discharge, selecting different switching frequencies, duty ratios and contact resistances, and acquiring battery temperature rise speeds under different switching frequencies, different duty ratios, different contact resistances and different initial SOCs (system on chip), as shown in fig. 3, so as to establish corresponding relations among the self-heating temperature rise speed, the initial SOC, the switching frequencies, the duty ratios and the contact resistances of the self-heating trigger device.
The critical short-circuit time threshold is a nondestructive self-heating critical short-circuit time threshold of the power battery under the condition of high-current self-discharge; when the duration of the very-fast self-heating is lower than the critical short-circuit time threshold, the interior of the battery is not damaged.
Determining and pre-storing the corresponding relation between the initial SOC, the contact resistance and the critical short-circuit time threshold value in an off-line manner; or determining and pre-storing the corresponding relation between the initial SOC, the SOH and the contact resistance and the threshold value of the critical short-circuit time in an off-line manner.
The specific method comprises the following steps:
firstly, a time threshold is determined through a simulation method, external short circuit test of the battery is carried out under a well-controlled environment to simulate large-current self-discharge of the battery, the short circuit duration is continuously increased, battery parameter data are obtained, the heating current frequency, the duration and the current amplitude of the battery are solved through mechanism model simulation, internal parameters of the battery before and after short circuit are simulated, and the longest duration of the internal parameters of the battery without obvious mutation is used as a critical short circuit time threshold; and recording critical short-circuit time thresholds under the conditions of different initial SOCs and different contact resistances, or recording critical short-circuit time thresholds under the conditions of different initial SOCs, different SOHs and different contact resistances.
Secondly, the time threshold is determined by a test method, external short circuit test of the battery is carried out under a well-controlled environment to simulate large-current self-discharge of the battery, the short circuit duration is continuously increased, the battery capacity difference before and after heating of a plurality of groups of tests is analyzed, and the longest self-heating duration without obvious mutation of the difference is found out to be used as the critical short circuit time threshold. And recording critical short-circuit time thresholds under the conditions of different initial SOCs and different contact resistances, or recording critical short-circuit time thresholds under the conditions of different initial SOCs, different SOHs and different contact resistances.
No significant mutation means that the ratio of the current value to the value before self-heating is below a preset threshold. The preset threshold value is determined by those skilled in the art according to the type of power battery and its safety requirements. That is to say the critical short-circuit time threshold for lossless self-heating of large current is determined by the person skilled in the art according to the type of battery and its safety requirements. Preferably, the self-heating at the high current speed is repeated for 20 times, and the preset threshold value is 5%.
And determining the total duration of the self-heating trigger device according to the initial lossless large-current self-heating time threshold boundary determined by the modeling optimization in the last step.
The speed control of the self-heating process is realized by controlling the switching frequency, the duty ratio and the contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device, and the duration, the frequency and the current amplitude of the large current are controlled by setting the switching frequency, the duty ratio and the contact resistance of different self-heating trigger devices according to the required self-heating speed.
It should be understood that, the sequence numbers of the steps in the embodiments of the present invention do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by the function and the inherent logic of the process, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method for automatically heating a power battery at the top speed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the low-temperature self-heating trigger device is closed, and the power battery is short-circuited externally to perform high-current self-heating;
the switching frequency, the duty ratio and the contact resistance of the heating trigger device respectively influence the self-heating current frequency, the duration and the current amplitude; the contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device is the internal resistance of the self-heating trigger device connected with the power battery in series;
determining the switching frequency, the duty ratio and the contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device according to the corresponding relation between the pre-stored self-heating temperature rise speed, the initial SOC and the switching frequency, the duty ratio and the contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device by combining the current battery SOC and the required self-heating temperature rise speed;
determining a critical short-circuit time threshold value according to a pre-stored corresponding relation between the initial SOC, the contact resistance and the critical short-circuit time threshold value by combining the current battery SOC and the contact resistance; or determining a critical short-circuit time threshold value according to the pre-stored initial SOC, SOH and the corresponding relation between the contact resistance and the critical short-circuit time threshold value by combining the current SOC, SOH and contact resistance of the battery;
controlling the total duration of self-heating to be less than the critical short-circuit time threshold.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: and judging whether external heating is needed to assist self-heating according to the critical short-circuit time threshold.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
and performing a short circuit test outside the battery to simulate large-current discharge of the power battery, and automatically optimizing the switching frequency, duty ratio and contact resistance of the optimal self-heating trigger device by using an optimization algorithm according to the target temperature and the initial SOC under the conditions of ensuring the highest safety and the longest service life of the battery, so as to establish the corresponding relation between the self-heating temperature rise speed, the initial SOC and the switching frequency, duty ratio and contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
and carrying out low-temperature heating test on the large-current battery by using different switching frequencies, duty ratios and contact resistances to obtain the battery temperature rise speeds under different switching frequencies, different duty ratios, different contact resistances and different initial SOCs, so as to establish the corresponding relation between the self-heating temperature rise speed, the initial SOC and the switching frequency, the duty ratio and the contact resistance of the self-heating trigger device.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
performing a battery external short circuit test to simulate the heavy current self-discharge of the power battery, continuously increasing the short circuit duration, utilizing a power battery mechanism model to simulate and solve the heating current frequency, the duration and the current amplitude, simulating and simulating the internal parameters of the battery before and after short circuit, and taking the longest duration of the internal parameters of the battery without obvious mutation as a critical short circuit time threshold; obtaining the corresponding relation between the initial SOC, the contact resistance and the critical short-circuit time threshold value, or obtaining the corresponding relation between the initial SOC, the SOH and the contact resistance and the critical short-circuit time threshold value;
no significant mutation means that the ratio of the current value to the value before self-heating is below a preset threshold.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
performing a battery external short circuit test to simulate the heavy current self-discharge of the power battery, continuously increasing the short circuit duration, analyzing the battery capacity difference before and after heating of a plurality of groups of tests, and finding out the longest self-heating duration without obvious mutation of the difference as a critical short circuit time threshold; obtaining the corresponding relation of the critical short-circuit time threshold values under the conditions of different initial SOCs and different contact resistances, or obtaining the corresponding relation of the critical short-circuit time threshold values under the conditions of different initial SOCs, different SOHs and different contact resistances;
no significant mutation means that the ratio of the current value to the value before self-heating is below a preset threshold.
7. A computer-readable medium characterized by executing a program for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A self-heating device for power batteries, characterized in that a method according to any one of claims 1-6 is used.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein: the self-heating trigger device is a controllable switch.
10. A vehicle comprising a power cell, characterized in that a method according to any of claims 1-6 or an arrangement according to claim 8 or 9 is used.
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| CN113904025A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2022-01-07 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Power battery self-heating control method and system and automobile |
| JP2022539959A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2022-09-14 | 寧徳時代新能源科技股▲分▼有限公司 | SELF-HEATING CONTROL METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRIVE BATTERY |
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| JP7259089B2 (en) | 2020-07-10 | 2023-04-17 | 寧徳時代新能源科技股▲分▼有限公司 | SELF-HEATING CONTROL METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRIVE BATTERY |
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| CN112100928A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2020-12-18 | 北京邮电大学 | Method and device for improving performance of lithium ion battery based on temperature |
| CN112649749A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-04-13 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | Controllable battery short circuit testing device and testing method thereof |
| CN115377539A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-11-22 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery heating method and device, electric equipment and storage medium |
| CN116706309A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2023-09-05 | 宇通客车股份有限公司 | Vehicle and power battery heating control method thereof |
| CN115377557A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-11-22 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery self-heating control method, equipment and storage medium |
| CN115377557B (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2024-01-12 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery self-heating control method, device and storage medium |
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