CN110949175B - Battery service life control method for electric automobile - Google Patents
Battery service life control method for electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN110949175B CN110949175B CN201911100873.9A CN201911100873A CN110949175B CN 110949175 B CN110949175 B CN 110949175B CN 201911100873 A CN201911100873 A CN 201911100873A CN 110949175 B CN110949175 B CN 110949175B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of electric automobiles, and particularly relates to a battery life control method for an electric automobile, which comprises a test element, a temperature sensor, a Hall sensor, an SOC estimation module, a voltage/temperature calculation module, an SOH calculation module, a main control module, an ECU (electronic control unit) and a storage unit thereof, a delayer and a battery fan control element, wherein the test element is a single battery in a battery pack, the temperature sensor and the Hall sensor are connected to the interface of each single battery to respectively detect the temperature and the voltage of the single battery, and detection data are transmitted to the SOC estimation module and the voltage/temperature calculation module in a battery management system through a CAN (controller area network) bus; when the detected temperature value or voltage difference value exceeds a set threshold value, the digital signal is converted into an electric signal, and the ECU controls the delayer and the battery fan control element to control the interface temperature and the output voltage of the battery in a feedback mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electric automobiles, and particularly relates to a battery life control method for an electric automobile.
Background
At present, the series connection of single batteries is the most common connection mode of lithium batteries for electric vehicles. Because the voltage output by the single battery is smaller, the output voltage of the battery pack is improved through the series connection, and therefore the output efficiency of the battery pack is improved. In the use process of a power battery of an electric automobile, the battery can generate heat in the charging and discharging process, the heat dissipation efficiency of the batteries at different positions is different, the service life of the battery is influenced by the temperature of the battery, and the temperature can cause the phenomenon of overcharge and overdischarge of one or more batteries, so that the service life of the battery is unbalanced. In the series-connected battery pack, the imbalance of the service lives of the single batteries is an important factor for limiting the service life of the battery pack. Therefore, it is essential for the battery pack or the battery module of the electric vehicle to control the life of the unit battery.
Chinese patent CN 104852435A discloses a series lithium battery management system for an electric vehicle and a management method thereof, which judges an SOC difference value, selects 5 maximum values to correct, and thereby controls the balance of single batteries.
Chinese patent CN201805246U proposes a lithium battery management system for vehicles, which monitors and controls the balance of the battery by detecting the cell voltage and temperature and comparing with the predicted SOC and SOH parameters.
In the prior art, SOC and SOH parameters of each battery are calculated, and the existing battery service life parameters are compared to judge whether the battery pack balance is good or not.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a battery life control method for an electric vehicle according to the technical problems in the prior art, and the battery life consistency management is realized. The implementation process is as follows:
a battery life control method for an electric automobile comprises a test element, a temperature sensor, a Hall sensor, an SOC estimation module, a voltage/current/temperature calculation module, an SOH calculation module, an ECU storage module, a time delay device and a battery fan control element; the testing element is a single battery in the battery pack, a temperature sensor and a Hall sensor are connected to each single battery interface to respectively detect the temperature, the voltage and the current of the single battery, and detection data are transmitted to an SOC estimation module and a voltage/current/temperature calculation module in the battery management system through a CAN bus; when the detected temperature value or voltage difference value exceeds a set threshold value, converting the digital signal into an electric signal, and controlling the interface temperature and the output voltage of the battery in a feedback manner by controlling a delayer and a battery fan control element through an ECU (electronic control Unit), wherein the battery service life control method specifically comprises the following steps:
SS 1: collecting the voltage, the current and the interface temperature of each single battery, and inputting the collected data into a voltage/current/temperature calculation module;
SS 2: inputting the detected voltage, current and interface temperature parameters of all the single batteries into an SOC estimation module, calculating the current charge SOC of each single battery in the battery pack, and determining the current SOC discharge multiple; the SOC calculation method comprises the following steps: training a model off line according to the voltage, current and temperature data, establishing an equivalent model, and obtaining the current voltage, current and interface temperature to an SOC estimation module to calculate the SOC of each single battery;
SS 3: and taking the voltage of the first single battery as a calculation reference value, and respectively calculating the voltage difference value between each single battery and the reference value: v1-V2、V1-V3、…、V1-Vn；
SS 4: comparing the calculated voltage difference value with a voltage difference threshold value in an ECU storage module, judging whether the voltage difference value exceeds the voltage difference threshold value, if so, switching to SS6, and if not, switching to SS 5;
SS 5: comparing the detected temperature value with a temperature threshold value in an ECU storage module, if the temperature value does not exceed the temperature threshold value, switching to SS9, and if the temperature value exceeds the temperature threshold value, switching to SS 6;
SS 6: defining the service life SOH of the single battery as the ratio of the current charge SOC of the single battery to the SOC of a brand-new healthy battery, and calculating the average value of the service lives of all the single batteries
Obtaining SOH value minimum single battery service life SOHminJudging as described
And SOHminRatio of difference
Whether the threshold value a exceeds the preset threshold value a or not, if yes, the calibration is provided with the SOHminThe single battery is a consistency mismatching battery and enters SS 7; if not, go to SS 9;
SS 7: inputting a signal of the battery with consistency not matched in SS6 into an ECU, controlling the output voltage of the battery and a battery fan control element through the ECU, reducing the output voltage and the interface temperature of the battery, and entering SS 8;
SS 8: starting a time delay device, and returning to SS1 after 1 minute;
SS 9: the routine is ended.
And the ECU in the battery life control system is connected with the delayer and the battery fan control element by CAN buses.
In SS6, the life threshold a set therein is less than 10%.
In step SS4, the initial voltage difference threshold in the ECU storage module is: 0.1V at 1C discharge factor, 0.15V at 2C discharge factor, and 0.2V at 3C discharge factor.
In step SS5, the temperature threshold is the maximum temperature allowed by the vehicle battery specification.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the control method, firstly, the output voltage, the current and the interface temperature of the single battery are measured by using a sensor, the output data such as the voltage difference, the interface temperature and the like are respectively compared, whether the output data exceeds the limit or not is judged, if the result exceeds a set threshold value, the difference between the service life of the single battery and the service life of the battery pack is calculated by using an SOH calculation module to judge whether the service life of the single battery exceeds the limit or not, if the service life of the single battery is not matched with the service life consistency of the battery pack, the output voltage and the temperature of the single battery are controlled by returning to a main control unit, and the service life consistency of the battery pack is managed by the whole process control of the single battery.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for controlling battery life for an electric vehicle according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a battery life control method for an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a method for controlling battery life of an electric vehicle includes a test element, a temperature sensor, a hall sensor, an SOC estimation module, a voltage/current/temperature calculation module, an SOH calculation module, an ECU storage module, a time delay unit, and a battery fan control element, where the test element is a single battery in a battery pack, the temperature sensor and the hall sensor are connected to each single battery interface to respectively detect the temperature and the voltage of the single battery, and the detected data are transmitted to the SOC estimation module and the voltage/temperature calculation module in a battery management system through a CAN bus; when the detected temperature value or voltage difference value exceeds a set threshold value, converting the digital signal into an electric signal, and controlling the interface temperature and the output voltage of the battery in a feedback manner by controlling a delayer and a battery fan control element through an ECU (electronic control Unit), wherein the battery service life control method specifically comprises the following steps:
SS 1: collecting the voltage, the current and the interface temperature of each single battery, and inputting the collected data into a voltage/current/temperature calculation module;
SS 2: inputting the detected voltage, current and interface temperature parameters of all the single batteries into an SOC estimation module, calculating the current charge SOC of each single battery in the battery pack, and determining the current SOC discharge multiple; the SOC calculation method comprises the following steps: training a model off line according to the voltage, current and temperature data, establishing an equivalent model, and obtaining the current voltage, current and interface temperature to an SOC estimation module to calculate the SOC of each single battery;
SS 3: and taking the voltage of the first single battery as a calculation reference value, and respectively calculating the voltage difference value between each single battery and the reference value: v1-V2、V1-V3、…、V1-Vn；
SS 4: comparing the calculated voltage difference value with a voltage difference threshold value in an ECU storage module, judging whether the voltage difference value exceeds the voltage difference threshold value, if so, switching to SS6, and if not, switching to SS 5;
SS 5: comparing the detected temperature value with a temperature threshold value in an ECU storage module, if the temperature value does not exceed the temperature threshold value, switching to SS9, and if the temperature value exceeds the temperature threshold value, switching to SS 6;
SS 6: defining the service life SOH of the single battery as the ratio of the current charge SOC of the single battery to the SOC of a brand-new healthy battery, and calculating the average value of the service lives of all the single batteries
Obtaining SOH value minimum single battery service life SOHminJudging as described
And SOHminRatio of difference
Whether the threshold value a exceeds the preset threshold value a or not, if yes, the calibration is provided with the SOHminThe single battery is a consistency mismatching battery and enters SS 7; if not, go to SS 9;
SS 7: inputting a signal of the battery with consistency not matched in SS6 into an ECU, controlling the output voltage of the battery and a battery fan control element through the ECU, reducing the output voltage and the interface temperature of the battery, and entering SS 8;
SS 8: starting a time delay device, and returning to SS1 after b minutes;
SS 9: the routine is ended.
In SS5, the threshold value is the highest temperature value allowed by the vehicle battery regulations.
In step SS6, the life threshold a set therein is less than 10%.
In step SS4, the initial voltage difference threshold in the storage module is: 0.1V at 1C discharge multiple; 0.15V under 2C discharge multiple; 0.2V at 3C discharge factor.
In step SS5, the temperature threshold is the highest temperature allowed by the vehicle battery specification, for example, 80 degrees.
The starting of the time delay device, for example, the time delay device returns to SS1 after 1 minute, and the effect is that the temperature of the single battery is controlled by the controller controlling the battery fan, the air conditioner cooling device, the liquid cooling device and other cooling devices, so that the service life of the battery pack is finally in a balanced state, and the power performance and the safety of the whole vehicle are improved.
In this embodiment, an equivalent model is to be established in the SOC calculation module, and the establishment of the equivalent model requires a large amount of experiments to provide sample data, that is, the battery works under a simulated condition. Carrying out charge and discharge experiments on a battery, acquiring a plurality of groups of experimental data according to frequency, acquiring the battery end voltage, the battery current, the battery surface temperature and the real SOC value of the lithium ion battery, and acquiring n (n >1) groups of data by using a power analyzer, wherein the method comprises the following steps: measuring the battery terminal voltage, the battery current and the battery power of the lithium ion battery by using a temperature sensor; respectively integrating the acquired n groups of battery currents to obtain SOC true values of the n groups of lithium ion batteries; and carrying out normalization processing on the collected multiple groups of experimental data, establishing n-1 groups of experimental data as training models, and taking the remaining 1 group of data as verification.
In the control method, firstly, a sensor is used for measuring the output voltage, the current and the interface temperature of a single battery, output data such as voltage difference, interface temperature and the like are respectively compared, whether a threshold value is set or not is judged, if the threshold value is exceeded, an SOH (sequence of events) calculation module is used for calculating the difference value between the service life of the single battery and the average value of the service life of a battery pack to judge whether the service life of the single battery exceeds the limit or not, if the difference value between the service life of the single battery and the service life of the battery pack is too large, the single battery is marked as a consistency unmatched battery, the single battery returns to a main control unit to control the output voltage and the temperature of the single battery, and the management of the service life consistency of the battery pack is realized through the accurate control of the whole process of the single battery.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A battery life control method for an electric automobile comprises a test element, a temperature sensor, a Hall sensor, an SOC estimation module, a voltage/current/temperature calculation module, an SOH calculation module, an ECU storage module, a time delay device and a battery fan control element; the testing element is a single battery in the battery pack, a temperature sensor and a Hall sensor are connected to each single battery interface to respectively detect the temperature, the voltage and the current of the single battery, and detection data are transmitted to an SOC estimation module and a voltage/current/temperature calculation module in the battery management system through a CAN bus; when the detected temperature value or voltage difference value exceeds a set threshold value, converting the digital signal into an electric signal, and controlling the interface temperature and the output voltage of the battery in a feedback manner by controlling a delayer and a battery fan control element through an ECU (electronic control Unit), wherein the battery service life control method comprises the following specific steps:
SS 1: collecting the voltage, the current and the interface temperature of each single battery, and inputting the collected data into a voltage/current/temperature calculation module;
SS 2: inputting the detected voltage, current and interface temperature parameters of all the single batteries into an SOC estimation module, calculating the current charge SOC of each single battery in the battery pack, and determining the current SOC discharge multiple; the SOC calculation method comprises the following steps: training a model off line according to the voltage, current and temperature data, establishing an equivalent model, and obtaining the current voltage, current and interface temperature to an SOC estimation module to calculate the SOC of each single battery;
SS 3: and taking the voltage of the first single battery as a calculation reference value, and respectively calculating the voltage difference value between each single battery and the reference value: v1-V2、V1-V3、…、V1-Vn；
SS 4: comparing the calculated voltage difference value with a voltage difference threshold value in the ECU storage module, judging whether the voltage difference value exceeds the voltage difference threshold value, if so, switching to SS6, and if not, switching to SS 5;
SS 5: comparing the detected temperature value with a temperature threshold value in the ECU storage module, if the temperature value does not exceed the temperature threshold value, switching to SS9, and if the temperature value exceeds the temperature threshold value, switching to SS 6;
SS 6: defining the service life SOH of the single battery as the ratio of the current charge SOC of the single battery to the SOC of a brand-new healthy battery, and calculating the average value of the service lives of all the single batteries
Obtaining SOH value minimum single battery service life SOHminJudging as described
And SOHminRatio of difference
Whether the threshold value a exceeds the preset threshold value a or not, if yes, the calibration is provided with the SOHminThe single battery is a consistency mismatching battery and enters SS 7; if not, go to SS 9;
SS 7: inputting a signal of the battery with consistency not matched in SS6 into an ECU, controlling the output voltage of the battery and a battery fan control element through the ECU, reducing the output voltage and the interface temperature of the battery, and entering SS 8;
SS 8: starting a time delay device, and returning to SS1 after 1 minute;
SS 9: the routine is ended.
2. The battery life control method for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the ECU in the battery life control system is connected with the delayer and the delayer is connected with the battery fan control element through CAN buses.
3. The control method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in SS6, the life threshold a set therein is less than 10%.
4. The control method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in step SS4, the initial voltage difference threshold in the ECU storage module is: 0.1V at 1C discharge factor, 0.15V at 2C discharge factor, and 0.2V at 3C discharge factor.
5. The control method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in step SS5, the temperature threshold is the maximum temperature allowed by the vehicle battery specification.
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| CN111948366A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-17 | 湖南交通工程学院 | Multifunctional intelligent unmanned water area real-time monitoring platform and monitoring method |
| CN112630665B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-11-02 | 北京理工大学 | Lithium battery life prediction system based on intelligent network connection |
| CN113410879B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2022-09-06 | 山东大学 | Intelligent management and control method and system for health state of energy storage battery |
| CN115097339A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-09-23 | 西南交通大学 | Inconsistency testing method for lithium titanate battery module for tramcar |
| CN115447507B (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2024-08-13 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | State management device and method for low-voltage storage battery |
| CN115291116B (en) * | 2022-10-10 | 2022-12-16 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | Energy storage battery health state prediction method and device and intelligent terminal |
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| CN101692502B (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2011-08-17 | 深圳市航盛电子股份有限公司 | Battery management system |
| CN102738525A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2012-10-17 | 沈阳中科正方新能源技术有限公司 | Battery management system of vehicle-mounted lithium power battery |
| CN103308864B (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-06-24 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Method for estimating secondary cell SOH value and testing residual service life |
| CN103487760B (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-12-23 | 湖南南车时代电动汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of decision method of battery health degree |
| CN104635163A (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2015-05-20 | 广州市香港科大霍英东研究院 | On-line estimation early warning method for SOH (State Of Health) of electric vehicle battery pack |
| CN106154164B (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2019-03-01 | 重庆邮电大学 | Battery health state assessment method |
| JP6699533B2 (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2020-05-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Battery system |
| CN107359662B (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2023-06-20 | 华南理工大学 | Battery management system with parallel equalization function and equalization method |
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