CN112636417B - Storage battery parallel charging and current equalizing circuit structure - Google Patents
Storage battery parallel charging and current equalizing circuit structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112636417B CN112636417B CN202011447941.1A CN202011447941A CN112636417B CN 112636417 B CN112636417 B CN 112636417B CN 202011447941 A CN202011447941 A CN 202011447941A CN 112636417 B CN112636417 B CN 112636417B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a storage battery pack parallel charging current-sharing circuit structure, which is used for charging a plurality of battery packs in parallel by adopting a single charging device and comprises a plurality of current-sharing units, wherein each current-sharing unit comprises a first interface J + and a second interface J-, the first interfaces J + of all the current-sharing units are connected in parallel to form a first external interface JCH + of a parallel charging equalizing circuit, the second interface J-of each current-sharing unit is respectively used as a second external interface of the parallel charging equalizing circuit, each current-sharing unit corresponds to one battery pack, and the first pole of the charging device is connected to the external interface JCH + of the parallel charging equalizing circuit. The circuit structure can solve the current equalizing problem when a plurality of battery packs are charged in parallel, the charging currents for controlling the plurality of battery packs are basically equal, the structure is simple, the control is convenient, and compared with the situation that each battery pack is independently provided with a DC/DC device for charging, the circuit structure is more economic and more efficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy storage, in particular to a parallel charging current-sharing circuit structure of a storage battery pack, which is suitable for large-scale energy storage application, can solve the current sharing problem when a plurality of groups of storage batteries are charged in parallel, and enables the plurality of groups of storage batteries to share one charging device for charging.
Background
The large energy storage system is usually composed of dozens of or even hundreds of battery packs, the current imbalance may be caused by the direct parallel charging of the plurality of battery packs due to the difference of the battery packs, and the overcurrent fault of individual battery packs is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a parallel charging current equalizing circuit structure of a storage battery pack.
Specifically, the invention provides a parallel charging current-sharing circuit structure of a storage battery pack, which is characterized in that the charging current-sharing circuit structure is used for charging a plurality of battery packs in parallel by adopting a single charging device, the charging current-sharing circuit structure comprises a plurality of current-sharing units, each current-sharing unit comprises a first interface J + and a second interface J-, the first interfaces J + of all the current-sharing units are connected in parallel to form a first external interface JCH + of a parallel charging equalizing circuit, the second interface J-of each current-sharing unit is respectively used as a second external interface of the parallel charging equalizing circuit, each current-sharing unit corresponds to one battery pack, and the first pole of the charging device is connected to the external interface JCH +;
Each current sharing unit comprises a high-power resistor R, a switching device B, an electric reactor, a current sensor H and a switch S, wherein the switching device B is a high-frequency switching device, in each current sharing unit, after the switching device B and the high-power resistor R are connected in parallel, the first end is connected to the first interface J +, the second end is connected with the electric reactor L, after the electric reactor is sequentially connected with the current sensor H and the switch S in series, the electric reactor is connected to the second interface J-of the corresponding current sharing unit, the second interface J-of each current sharing unit is respectively connected to the first pole of the corresponding battery pack, and the second pole of the battery pack is connected to the second pole of the charging device;
each current sensor respectively measures the passing current in the corresponding branch;
the charging current-sharing circuit structure further comprises a balancing controller, wherein the balancing controller controls the high-frequency switching devices in each current-sharing unit respectively based on the current in the corresponding branch circuit so as to adjust the duty ratio of the high-frequency switching devices, and therefore the high-power resistor R can be connected in series and cut off continuously.
Preferably, when the charging is started, the balancing controller controls the high-frequency switching devices in each current equalizing unit to be switched on and off according to a preset duty ratio, and judges whether the current in each current equalizing unit deviates from the current average value and exceeds a preset threshold value, if the current in each current equalizing unit deviates from the current average value, the duty ratio in the current equalizing unit lower than the current average value is increased, the duty ratio in the current equalizing unit higher than the current average value is decreased until the deviation does not exceed the preset threshold value, otherwise, the duty ratio of the high-frequency switching devices in each current equalizing unit is synchronously increased according to a preset proportion, and deviation judgment is performed again until the duty ratio of the high-frequency switching devices in any one or more current equalizing units reaches 100%.
Preferably, the high frequency switching device is an IGBT or a MOS transistor.
Preferably, the balancing controller further has a balancing state evaluation module, the balancing controller controls charging to be started, controls all the current equalizing unit switches S to be closed, and makes the duty ratio of the high-frequency switching device be 0, and the balancing state evaluation module performs balancing state evaluation based on the current of each battery at the moment.
Has the beneficial effects that:
the storage battery parallel charging current-sharing circuit structure has the following advantages:
1. the structure is simple, the control is flexible, and the integration is high;
2. a plurality of battery packs can share one charging device;
3. compared with the charging device configured for each battery pack, the charging device has higher overall efficiency and lower cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a parallel charging current sharing circuit configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a control flow chart of the parallel charging current sharing circuit in the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Fig. 1 is a parallel charging current-sharing circuit structure of the storage battery pack. As shown in the figure, the parallel charging current-sharing circuit of the storage battery pack is composed of a plurality of current-sharing units, the number of the current-sharing units is equal to that of the battery packs in the battery system, the number of the current-sharing units is N, and N is a positive integer greater than 1;
Each current equalizing unit is provided with two interfaces, J + and J-are respectively, the J + of all the current equalizing units are connected in parallel to form an external interface JCH + of the parallel charging equalizing circuit, the J-of each current equalizing unit is respectively output to a battery pack and is respectively used as the external interface of the charging equalizing circuit, J1-, J2-, … Jk-or … JN-, wherein k is an integer less than N.
Inside each current equalizing unit, one pin of a J + and high-power resistor R is connected with one pin of a switch device B, the other pin of the high-power resistor R is connected with the other pin of the switch device B and is connected with one pin of a reactor L, the other pin of the reactor L is connected with one pin of a switch S, the other pin of the switch S is connected with a J-, wherein a cable passes through a current sensor H, and the switch device B can be an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor), an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube and other power electronic devices with high-frequency switching capability.
When the charging device charges the battery system, the structure of the charging circuit is formed in such a way that JCH + of the parallel charging current equalizing circuit is connected with the positive output of the charging device, J1-is connected with the positive output of the 1# battery pack, J2-is connected with the positive output of the 2# battery pack and sequentially connected until JN-is connected with the positive output of the N # battery pack, and the negatives of all the battery packs are connected together and connected with the negatives of the charging device.
The on-off of the controllable switch S of the current sharing unit controls the start-stop of the battery pack charging, the charging current I is detected through the current sensor H, the charging current is adjusted through the conduction duty ratio x of the control switch device B, the resistor R is continuously connected in series and cut off under the on-off of the high frequency of the switch device B, the time of the connection in series and cut off is compared under the adjustment of the duty ratio x, an equivalent resistor R can be simulated, R is R (1-x), the reactor filters the charging current, and therefore the charging current I is controlled by the duty ratio x. The switching devices B can be controlled uniformly by a balancing controller.
As shown in fig. 1, taking the k # cell group as an example, the voltage relationship of the charging loop is UCH UJk + UBk, the inside of the cell can be simply equivalent to the open-circuit voltage OCV and the internal resistance RB of the cell, assuming that the open-circuit voltage of the k # cell group is OCVk, the internal resistance is RBk, and the charging current is Ik, then UCH OCVk + Ik RBk + Ik R (1-x), then Ix is (UCH-OCVk)/(RBk + R-R x)), if the charging current Ik of the k # cell group is higher than that of the other cell groups, then Ix is decreased, if the average current of all the cell groups is too large, UCH is decreased, and if the average current is too small, UCH is increased.
When the initial charging is started, the balancing controller first controls the switching devices of the current equalizing units according to a preset relatively low duty ratio, for example, the duty ratios of the switching devices are all set to 50%. Since the smaller the duty ratio x, the greater the power consumption of the resistor R and the lower the efficiency, x is gradually adjusted to 100% as much as possible on the basis of relatively equalizing the charging currents of all the battery packs. After the charging IS started, whether the current values flowing through all the current equalizing units are within (100 ± P)% of the average current value IS detected, P IS a value set according to the battery characteristics, and the value range IS 0-100, which IS a deviation allowable range, for example, can be set to 10. If the current values flowing in all the current equalizing units are within (100 +/-P)% of the average current value IS, the duty ratios of all the current equalizing units can be synchronously adjusted by a step length ST, the step length ST IS a positive integer of 1-50, for example, the step length ST can be set to be 5-10, the average charging current IS IS increased at the moment, the average charging current IS IS kept unchanged by adjusting the voltage UCH of the low charging device until the duty ratio of one or more current equalizing units IS 100%, the charging state IS maintained for charging, the average charging current becomes smaller as the OCV of the charging battery pack IS increased, the voltage UCH of the charging device IS adjusted at the moment, the average charging current IS IS kept stable, and the duty ratio of the current equalizing unit corresponding to the battery pack IS adjusted when the charging current of the battery pack IS greatly different, namely the current value of the battery pack exceeds (100 +/-P)% of the average current value IS in the charging process, and maintaining the relative balance of the charging current until the charging is finished.
Before the charging is started, the equalization state can be evaluated and adjusted through a parallel charging current-sharing circuit, the specific method is that the switches S of all the current-sharing units are closed, the duty ratios of the switch devices B of all the current-sharing units are 0, the current of each current-sharing unit is detected at the moment, the equalization state of each battery pack is considered to be good if the current of all the battery packs is close to 0, if the current of a single battery is larger than IM, and IM is set according to the characteristics of the battery, the equalization state of the battery pack is considered to be poor, the equalization state can be adjusted through the parallel charging current-sharing circuit, the specific adjustment method is that the current-sharing unit switch S with the current of the battery pack close to 0 is disconnected, 2 battery packs with positive and maximum currents and negative and minimum currents are closed, the battery pack with high electric quantity is charged to the battery pack with low electric quantity until the currents are reduced to be close to 0, the charging currents can be adjusted through the duty ratios of the two current-sharing units synchronously, the equalization speed is accelerated.
Fig. 2 is a preferred control flow chart of the parallel charging current equalizing circuit for the storage battery pack of the present invention, the control process can be executed by the equalizing controller, and the present invention can perform charging control in the following method. As shown in the figure, step A.0, firstly charging starts, switches S of all the current equalizing units in an initial state are turned off, the duty ratio is 0, a charging main switch SCH is turned off, step A.1 is skipped, switches S of all the current equalizing units are closed, step A.2 is skipped, the equalization state evaluation is skipped to step A.3, if the current of an individual battery is larger than IM, IM is set according to the battery characteristics, the equalization state of the battery pack is considered to be poor, step B.1 is skipped to for equalization adjustment, the current equalizing unit switch S with the battery pack current close to 0 is turned off, 2 battery packs with positive and maximum current and negative and minimum current are closed, the battery pack with high electric quantity is charged to the battery pack with low electric quantity until the current is reduced to be close to 0, at the moment, the charging current can be adjusted by synchronously adjusting the duty ratios of the two current equalizing units, and the equalization speed is accelerated, after the adjustment is finished, executing the step B.2, disconnecting all the equalizing unit switches S, executing the step B.3, standing for a period of time, executing the step A.1, and restarting a charging process;
IN step A.3, judging the equilibrium state, if the current of all the battery packs IS close to 0, considering that the equilibrium state of each battery pack IS good, continuing to execute step C.1, starting a charging device, closing a switch SCH, setting the voltage UCH of the charging device, starting charging, executing step C.2, detecting all the current equalizing unit currents I1-IN, calculating the average charging current IS, adjusting the current equalizing unit duty ratio x and the charging device voltage UCH to the initial duty ratio and the initial voltage, and detecting whether charging IS finished, if some battery pack IS charged, disconnecting the current equalizing unit switch S, judging whether the battery pack IS charged or not, providing information by a battery pack internal detection device (the detection can be continuously carried out IN the whole charging process, and disconnecting the corresponding branch circuit once charging IS finished), continuing to execute step C.3, judging whether all the battery packs are full or not, if not full, executing step C.4, judging whether each battery group has current sharing, when the current values of all the battery groups are in the range of (100 +/-P)% of the average current value IS, P IS a value set according to the battery characteristics, the numerical value range IS 0-100, considering that the charge equalization state of each battery group IS good, continuing to execute step D.1,
In step C.4, if the current of the battery pack IS judged to be out of the range of (100 +/-P)% of the average current value IS, the battery pack IS considered to be unbalanced in charging, the duty ratio of the current equalizing unit lower than the average current value IS increased, the duty ratio of the current equalizing unit higher than the average current value IS decreased until the deviation of the current equalizing unit does not exceed the set threshold value, the step C.2 IS skipped, charging equalization adjustment IS carried out by adjusting the duty ratio x of the battery pack, closed-loop adjustment IS carried out until the charging current IS equalized, and when the battery pack IS judged again, the equalization adjustment IS completed if the current of all the battery packs IS in the range of (100 +/-P)% of the average current value IS.
D.1, continuously executing the step D.1, judging the duty ratio states of all switches, if the duty ratio of no battery pack is close to 100%, executing the step D.2, synchronously increasing the duty ratio x of the switch B, namely synchronously increasing the duty ratio of all current equalizing units by using the step ST, wherein the step ST is a positive integer of 1-50, after increasing, continuously executing the step C.2-the step C.4, after the charging current of each battery pack is equalized, continuously increasing the step ST by using all duty ratios until the duty ratio of one battery pack is close to 100%, stopping synchronously increasing the duty ratio, and directly executing the step C.2 by the step D.1;
In step c.3, if all the battery packs are judged to be full, step a.4 is executed, after the charging is finished, all the current equalizing unit switches S are disconnected, the charging switch SCH is disconnected, and the charging device is turned off.
In the process c.2, the method for adjusting the duty ratio x of the switch B to adjust the charge equalization includes increasing the current by the step size SD if the current of a certain battery pack IS greater than (100+ P)% of the average current value IS, the SD IS set to be an integer from 1 to 100 according to the battery characteristics, detecting the current again, and performing the loop until the current of the battery pack IS within (100 ± P)% of the average current value IS, thereby completing the current equalization of the battery pack, and decreasing the current by the step size SD if the current of a certain battery pack IS less than (100-P)% of the average current value IS, detecting the current again, performing the loop until the current of the battery pack IS within (100 ± P)% of the average current value IS, thereby completing the current equalization of the battery pack;
in the process c.2, the average charging current IS adjusted by adjusting UCH by decreasing UCH by the step length UD if the average current IS higher than the set value, and UD IS a positive number, detecting and calculating the average current again, and performing the loop until UCH reaches the set value, considering that the adjustment of the average charging current IS completed, and increasing UCH by the step length UD if the average current IS lower than the set value, detecting and calculating the average current again, and performing the loop until UCH reaches the set value, considering that the adjustment of the average charging current IS completed;
In the process c.2, the method for reducing the power consumption of the resistor R by simultaneously adjusting the duty ratios x and UCH of the switch B includes synchronously increasing the duty ratios x of all the current sharing units by the step ST, where the step ST IS a positive integer of 1-100, increasing the average charging current IS, and then maintaining the average charging current IS unchanged by adjusting the voltage UCH of the charging device until the duty ratios of one or more current sharing units are 100%, where the power consumption of the resistor IS the lowest and the adjustment IS completed under the condition of ensuring the current sharing during the charging of the battery pack.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can implement the present invention in other various embodiments according to the disclosure of the embodiments and the drawings, and therefore, all designs that can be easily changed or modified by using the design structure and thought of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The storage battery pack parallel charging current-sharing circuit structure is characterized in that the charging current-sharing circuit structure is used for charging a plurality of battery packs in parallel by adopting a single charging device, the charging current-sharing circuit structure comprises a plurality of current-sharing units, each current-sharing unit comprises a first interface J + and a second interface J-, the first interfaces J + of all the current-sharing units are connected in parallel to form a first external interface JCH + of a parallel charging equalizing circuit, the second interface J-of each current-sharing unit is respectively used as a second external interface of the parallel charging equalizing circuit, each current-sharing unit corresponds to one battery pack, and the first pole of the charging device is connected to the external interface JCH + of the parallel charging equalizing circuit;
Each current sharing unit comprises a high-power resistor R, a switch device B, an electric reactor, a current sensor H and a switch S, wherein the switch device B is a high-frequency switch device, in each current sharing unit, after the switch device B and the high-power resistor R are connected in parallel, the first end is connected to the first interface J +, the second end is connected with the electric reactor L, after the electric reactor is sequentially connected with the current sensor H and the switch S in series, the electric reactor is connected to the second interface J-of the corresponding current sharing unit, the second interface J-of each current sharing unit is respectively connected to the first pole of the corresponding battery pack, and the second pole of the battery pack is connected to the second pole of the charging device; each current sensor respectively measures the passing current in the corresponding branch; the charging current-sharing circuit structure also comprises a balancing controller, wherein the balancing controller controls the high-frequency switching devices in each current-sharing unit respectively based on the current in the corresponding branch circuit to adjust the duty ratio of the high-power resistor R so as to enable the high-power resistor R to be continuously connected in series and cut off, when charging is started, the balancing controller controls the high-frequency switching devices in each current-sharing unit to be switched on and off according to a preset duty ratio respectively, whether the current in each current-sharing unit deviates from the current average value and exceeds a preset threshold value is judged, if the current in each current-sharing unit deviates from the current average value, the duty ratio in the current-sharing unit lower than the current average value is increased, the duty ratio in the current-sharing unit higher than the current average value is reduced until the deviation of the current in each current-sharing unit does not exceed the preset threshold value, otherwise, the duty ratio of the high-frequency switching devices in each current-sharing unit is synchronously increased according to a preset ratio, and deviation judgment is carried out again, until the duty ratio of the high-frequency switching device in any one or more current equalizing units reaches 100%.
2. The parallel charging current sharing circuit structure of the storage battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the high frequency switching device is an IGBT or MOS tube.
3. The parallel charging current-sharing circuit structure of the storage battery packs according to claim 1, wherein the balancing controller further comprises a balancing state evaluation module, the balancing controller controls charging to be started, controls all the current-sharing unit switches S to be closed, and enables the duty ratio of the high-frequency switch device to be 0, and the balancing state evaluation module performs balancing state evaluation based on the current of each battery at the moment.
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| CN115693884A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2023-02-03 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Battery current equalizing method, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium |
| CN114865742A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-05 | 广东友电新能源科技有限公司 | Battery pack parallel circuit, design method, battery and charging and discharging system |
| CN115360791A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-11-18 | 河南豫清新能源产业有限公司 | Lithium battery pack current-sharing control system |
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