CN115323779B - 一种光诱导清除甲醛棉织物的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种光诱导清除甲醛棉织物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于纺织面料加工技术领域，公开了一种光诱导清除甲醛棉织物的制备方法。该制备方法采用水热合成法制备掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物，将其均匀分散在氧化还原惰性的壳聚糖整理液中处理棉织物，制得光诱导清除甲醛棉织物。本发明制备方法制得的棉织物具有利用自然光将空气中甲醛进行无害化转变的能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织面料加工技术领域，具体涉及一种光诱导清除甲醛棉织物的制备方法。
背景技术
甲醛对眼、鼻、喉的黏膜有强烈的刺激作用，最普遍的症状就是眼睛受刺激和头痛，严重的可引起过敏性皮炎和哮喘。由于甲醛可与蛋白质反应生成氮次甲基化合物而使细胞中的蛋白质凝固变性，因而可抑制细胞机能。此外，甲醛还能和空气中的离子性氯化物反应生成二氯甲基醚，而后者是一种致癌物质。甲醛可被室内的高比表面材料吸附富集，当室内温度升高时又重新释放出来，加剧污染效应。我国《室内空气质量标准》规定二类民用建筑工程室内空气中甲醛的限值为0.10mg/m3，一类民用建筑工程室内空气中甲醛的限值为0.08mg/m3。其中一类民用建筑工程包括：住宅、医院、学校教室、老年建筑、幼儿园。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种光诱导清除甲醛棉织物的制备方法，该制备方法与现有技术相比，其棉织物可利用自然光将空气中甲醛进行无害化转变。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种光诱导清除甲醛棉织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1.将过渡金属盐和环对苯撑加入水中，再加入杯芳烃充分溶解，加入纳米硅，转移至聚四氟乙烯管中，放入高压釜中反应，冷却至室温后，收集悬液，离心用甲醇洗涤，在表面皿中干燥，得到过渡金属氧化物；
S2.将步骤S1制得的过渡金属氧化物与稀土金属氧化物粉末以质量比3:1混合，高温煅烧，制得掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物；
S3.将步骤S2制得的掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物加入到壳聚糖乙酸溶液中，得到整理液；
S4.将预处理的棉织物在步骤S3制备的整理液中浸轧，水洗烘干制得光诱导清除甲醛棉织物。
优选的，步骤S1中，所述过渡金属盐为钒酸铋、钒酸铟、钒酸铁、铬酸钠、铬酸钾、铬酸镁其中的一种；所述环对苯撑为[10]环对苯撑、[11]环对苯撑、[12]环对苯撑其中的一种，杯芳烃为杯[5]芳烃、杯[6]芳烃、2,8,14,20-四甲基杯[4]间二酚芳烃其中的一种。
优选的，步骤S1中，所述过渡金属盐、环对苯撑、水、杯芳烃和纳米硅的用量比例为1g:(0.1-0.3)g:(80-200)mL:(0.03-0.05)g:(0.5-1.0)g。
优选的，步骤S1中，所述高压釜中反应温度为120-143℃，时间为4-8h。
优选的，步骤S2中，所述稀土金属氧化物粉末为氧化镨钕、氧化铈、氧化镧其中的一种。
优选的，步骤S2中，所述煅烧温度为600-1000℃，煅烧时间为1-2h。
优选的，步骤S3中，所述壳聚糖乙酸溶液，乙酸体积浓度为1-2％，壳聚糖重均分子量为50-90kDa，脱乙酰度为90-95％，浓度为60-100g/L。
优选的，步骤S3中，所述掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物与壳聚糖乙酸溶液的比例为1g:(0.5-2)L。
优选的，步骤S4中，所述预处理具体为将棉织物用中性去污剂除去油脂和灰尘，水洗后晾干。
优选的，步骤S4中，所述浸轧采用二浸二轧，浸渍的浴比为1:30-1:50，轧余率为60-80％。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明水热合成法制得掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物。该金属氧化物在纳米硅衬底存在下，采用杯芳烃的相转移催化作用加速氧化物的合成，并且防止了相界面反应导致的不规则聚集，反应面积更大，使甲醛分解效率更高。另外，环对苯撑和杯芳烃都具有空洞结构，协同后形成的套环结构能够优化纳米隧道效应，能够激活光催化诱导的金属氧化物中价电子转移，同时稀土氧化物掺杂煅烧，进一步激活价电子的光诱导活性，优化了金属氧化物中的价电子和空位，这些优势极大地减少了电子迁移的能量损失，加速了甲醛的分解。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例，可以更好地理解本发明。然而，本领域的技术人员容易理解，实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明，而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例1
1、将1g钒酸铁和0.2g[11]环对苯撑加入120mL水中，再加入0.04g2,8,14,20-四甲基杯[4]间二酚芳烃充分溶解，加入0.7g纳米硅，转移至聚四氟乙烯管中，放入高压釜中，133℃反应7h，冷却至室温后，收集悬液，离心用甲醇洗涤，在表面皿中干燥，得到过渡金属氧化物；
2、将步骤1制得的过渡金属氧化物与氧化镨钕粉末以质量比3:1混合，820℃煅烧1.2h，制得掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物；
3、取重均分子量为80kDa，脱乙酰度为94.3％的壳聚糖溶于体积浓度为1.6％的乙酸溶液，制得85g/L壳聚糖乙酸溶液，将1g步骤2制得的掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物加入到0.9L壳聚糖乙酸溶液中，得到整理液；
4、将1g棉织物用中性去污剂除去油脂和灰尘，水洗后晾干，在45mL步骤3制备的整理液中二浸二轧，轧余率75％，之后水洗烘干制得光诱导清除甲醛棉织物。
实施例2
1、将1g铬酸钠和0.1g[10]环对苯撑加入80mL水中，再加入0.05g杯[5]芳烃充分溶解，加入0.5g纳米硅，转移至聚四氟乙烯管中，放入高压釜中，120℃反应8h，冷却至室温后，收集悬液，离心用甲醇洗涤，在表面皿中干燥，得到过渡金属氧化物；
2、将步骤1制得的过渡金属氧化物与氧化铈粉末以质量比3:1混合，1000℃煅烧1h，制得掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物；
3、取重均分子量为50kDa，脱乙酰度为90％的壳聚糖溶于体积浓度为2％的乙酸溶液，制得100g/L壳聚糖乙酸溶液，将1g步骤2制得的掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物加入到0.5L壳聚糖乙酸溶液中，得到整理液；
4、将1g棉织物用中性去污剂除去油脂和灰尘，水洗后晾干，在30mL步骤3制备的整理液中二浸二轧，轧余率60％，之后水洗烘干制得光诱导清除甲醛棉织物。
实施例3
1、将1g铬酸镁和0.3g[12]环对苯撑加入200mL水中，再加入0.03g杯[6]芳烃充分溶解，加入1g纳米硅，转移至聚四氟乙烯管中，放入高压釜中，143℃反应4h，冷却至室温后，收集悬液，离心用甲醇洗涤，在表面皿中干燥，得到过渡金属氧化物；
2、将步骤1制得的过渡金属氧化物与氧化镧粉末以质量比3:1混合，600℃煅烧2h，制得掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物；
3、取重均分子量为90kDa，脱乙酰度为95％的壳聚糖溶于体积浓度为1％的乙酸溶液，制得60g/L壳聚糖乙酸溶液，将1g步骤2制得的掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物加入到2L壳聚糖乙酸溶液中，得到整理液；
4、将1g棉织物用中性去污剂除去油脂和灰尘，水洗后晾干，在50mL步骤3制备的整理液中二浸二轧，轧余率80％，之后水洗烘干制得光诱导清除甲醛棉织物。
对比例1
1、将1g钒酸铁加入120mL水中，再加入0.04g2,8,14,20-四甲基杯[4]间二酚芳烃充分溶解，加入0.7g纳米硅，转移至聚四氟乙烯管中，放入高压釜中，133℃反应7h，冷却至室温后，收集悬液，离心用甲醇洗涤，在表面皿中干燥，得到过渡金属氧化物；
2、将步骤1制得的过渡金属氧化物与氧化镨钕粉末以质量比3:1混合，820℃煅烧1.2h，制得掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物；
3、取重均分子量为80kDa，脱乙酰度为94.3％的壳聚糖溶于体积浓度为1.6％的乙酸溶液，制得85g/L壳聚糖乙酸溶液，将1g步骤2制得的掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物加入到0.9L壳聚糖乙酸溶液中，得到整理液；
4、将1g棉织物用中性去污剂除去油脂和灰尘，水洗后晾干，在45mL步骤3制备的整理液中二浸二轧，轧余率75％，之后水洗烘干制得棉织物。
对比例2
1、将1g钒酸铁和0.2g[11]环对苯撑加入120mL水中，充分溶解，加入0.7g纳米硅，转移至聚四氟乙烯管中，放入高压釜中，133℃反应7h，冷却至室温后，收集悬液，离心用甲醇洗涤，在表面皿中干燥，得到过渡金属氧化物；
2、将步骤1制得的过渡金属氧化物与氧化镨钕粉末以质量比3:1混合，820℃煅烧1.2h，制得掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物；
3、取重均分子量为80kDa，脱乙酰度为94.3％的壳聚糖溶于体积浓度为1.6％的乙酸溶液，制得85g/L壳聚糖乙酸溶液，将1g步骤2制得的掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物加入到0.9L壳聚糖乙酸溶液中，得到整理液；
4、将1g棉织物用中性去污剂除去油脂和灰尘，水洗后晾干，在45mL步骤3制备的整理液中二浸二轧，轧余率75％，之后水洗烘干制得棉织物。
密闭空间甲醛清除测试方法
在3m×3m×3m的密闭空间中，调节温度为25℃，相对湿度60％，甲醛初始浓度为0.50mg/m3，将实施例1-3、对比例1-2制备的棉织物和原棉布剪成1m×1m的方片，悬挂于空间中央，采用自然光照射，48h后测定甲醛的浓度计算甲醛清除率，结果如表1所示。
表1样品的清除甲醛性能
| 样品 | 甲醛清除率(％) |
| 原布 | 5.84 |
| 实施例1 | 99.8 |
| 实施例2 | 96.7 |
| 实施例3 | 97.2 |
| 对比例1 | 37.1 |
| 对比例2 | 24.7 |
从表1可知，本发明制备得到的棉织物在自然光照条件下具有良好的清除室内甲醛的能力。而未加入环对苯撑或杯芳烃的棉织物，其甲醛清除能力大大下降，主要原因是其空洞结构对该金属氧化物的光催化能力至关重要，且环对苯撑与杯芳烃存在协同增强效应。
本发明提供了一种光诱导清除甲醛棉织物的制备方法的思路及方法，具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多，以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。
Claims (9)
1.一种光诱导清除甲醛棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
S1.将过渡金属盐和环对苯撑加入水中，再加入杯芳烃充分溶解，加入纳米硅，转移至聚四氟乙烯管中，放入高压釜中反应，冷却至室温后，收集悬液，离心，用甲醇洗涤，在表面皿中干燥，得到过渡金属氧化物；
S2.将步骤S1制得的过渡金属氧化物与稀土金属氧化物粉末以质量比3:1混合，高温煅烧，制得掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物；
S3.将步骤S2制得的掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物加入到壳聚糖乙酸溶液中，得到整理液；
S4.将预处理的棉织物在步骤S3制备的整理液中浸轧，水洗烘干制得光诱导清除甲醛棉织物；所述预处理具体为将棉织物用中性去污剂除去油脂和灰尘，水洗后晾干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种光诱导清除甲醛棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中，所述过渡金属盐为钒酸铋、钒酸铟、钒酸铁、铬酸钠、铬酸钾、铬酸镁其中的一种；所述环对苯撑为[10]环对苯撑、[11]环对苯撑和[12]环对苯撑中的一种，所述杯芳烃为杯[5]芳烃、杯[6]芳烃和2,8,14,20-四甲基杯[4]间二酚芳烃中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种光诱导清除甲醛棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中，所述过渡金属盐、环对苯撑、水、杯芳烃和纳米硅的用量比例为1g:（0.1-0.3）g:（80-200）mL:（0.03-0.05）g:（0.5-1.0）g。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种光诱导清除甲醛棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中，所述反应的温度为120-143℃，时间为4-8h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种光诱导清除甲醛棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，所述稀土金属氧化物粉末为氧化镨钕、氧化铈和氧化镧中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种光诱导清除甲醛棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，所述煅烧温度为600-1000℃，煅烧时间为1-2h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种光诱导清除甲醛棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中，所述壳聚糖乙酸溶液中，壳聚糖的浓度为60-100g/L，所述壳聚糖的重均分子量为50-90kDa，脱乙酰度为90-95%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种光诱导清除甲醛棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中，所述掺杂高光催化活性过渡金属氧化物与壳聚糖乙酸溶液的比例为1g:（0.5-2）L。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种光诱导清除甲醛棉织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S4中，所述浸轧采用二浸二轧，浸渍的浴比为1:30-1:50，轧余率为60-80%。
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