CN115320204A - 一种具有防紫外线功能的聚乳酸复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有防紫外线功能的聚乳酸复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于防紫外线材料技术领域,公开了一种具有防紫外线功能的PLA复合材料及其制备方法。本发明的具有防紫外线功能的PLA复合材料是由可生物降解的聚乳酸(PLA)添加ZnO和AgNPs后通过静电纺丝得到纳米纤维膜,再用PHA材料附在两侧经热压制备而成,其中,PHA材料是指的PHA纤维、膜、片材、颗粒。采用本发明制备的PLA复合材料与其它PLA复合材料相比,具有防紫外线,电磁屏蔽、抗菌的功能,还具有良好的生物降解性和韧性,生产加工方便,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能复合材料领域,特别是涉及一种具有防紫外线功能的聚乳酸复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,由于化石燃料的重度使用和大量的氟利昂等含卤素的化合物滞留在地球上空,地球资源逐渐枯竭,环境问题不断加重,臭氧层遭到破坏使短波紫外线有可能到达地面,影响人们的身体健康,对人类的生活以及生命造成各种危害。为此,使用绿色环保可再生资源和防紫外线逐渐成为材料开发的重点。
聚乳酸(PLA)是一种来源于可再生植物资源的高分子材料,有着良好的生物相容性,且能够完全生物降解为水和二氧化碳,无毒且不会污染环境,有一定的抗菌功能,聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)是由很多细菌合成的一种胞内聚酯,在生物体内主要是作为碳源和能源的贮藏性物质而存在,它具有类似于合成塑料的物化特性及合成塑料所不具备的生物可降解性、生物相容性、光学活性、压电性、气体相隔性等许多优秀性能。所以用绿色环保的PLA和PHA来制备防紫外线材料具有广泛的应用前景。
中国专利CN105077784A中公布了一种紫外线防护混纺纤维,其第一紫外线防护纤维由大麻纤维、聚乳酸纤维以及牛奶蛋白纤维混纺编织而成,第二紫外线防护纤维由竹浆纤维、亚麻纤维以及大豆蛋白纤维混纺编织而成,其所得混纺纤维对紫外线的防护效果还有待改善,且工艺繁琐。
发明内容
针对以上现有技术存在的缺点和不足之处,本发明提供一种具有防紫外线功能的聚乳酸复合材料及其制备方法,该方法制备的防紫外聚乳酸复合材料具有防紫外线,电磁屏蔽,抗菌,高品质,可以生物降解,有良好的韧性等特点,且工艺简单,成本较低,有利于实现工业化。
为达到上述目的,本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种具有防紫外线功能的聚乳酸复合材料,该聚乳酸复合材料是由含ZnO和AgNPs的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜和包覆在所述聚乳酸静电纺丝膜外层的聚羟基脂肪酸酯组成。
进一步的,所述聚乳酸静电纺丝膜的熔点为160-180℃,所述聚羟基脂肪酸酯的熔点为80-150℃。
进一步的,所述的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜中,ZnO的质量分数为0.5-1.0%,AgNPs的质量分数为0.2%-0.6%。
进一步的,所述的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜的厚度为0.01-1mm。
进一步的,所述的聚乳酸复合材料的拉伸强度为50-130MPa,断裂伸长率为35%-115%,紫外线吸收率为80%-99.5%。
本发明还提供了一种上述的聚乳酸复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.制备含ZnO和AgNPs的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜,并进行干燥处理;
S2.将经过干燥处理后的聚羟基脂肪酸酯和步骤S1制备得到的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜间隔层层叠加,得到多层纤维结构,其中最上层和最下层均为聚羟基脂肪酸酯;
具体的,该步骤为:将聚羟基脂肪酸酯置于最下层,然后铺上聚乳酸纳米膜,然后再放聚羟基脂肪酸酯,这样层层叠加,最上层为聚羟基脂肪酸酯,通过层数控制复合材料的厚度。
S3.将所述多层纤维结构放入热压机,加热熔融,冷却,整修,制得具有防紫外线功能的PLA复合材料。
进一步的,所述聚乳酸静电纺丝膜与所述聚羟基脂肪酸酯的用量比为(30-70):(30-70)。
进一步的,所述的干燥处理是指在70℃真空干燥箱中2-5小时。
进一步的,所述热压机的热压温度为125-155℃,热压时间在1-10分钟,热压压力为2-10MPa。
进一步的,所述聚羟基脂肪酸酯为纤维、膜、片材、颗粒的形式。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下技术效果:
(1)本发明通过静电纺丝将具有抗紫外作用的ZnO和AgNPs添加到PLA纤维膜中,一方面,可以使ZnO和AgNPs在纤维膜中均匀分散,保持优异的抗紫外性能;另一方面,由于PLA虽然具有高强度特征,但韧性较差,尤其是掺杂了ZnO和AgNPs后,韧性一定程度上会受到影响,本申请通过静电纺丝的方式,得到的PLA静电纺丝纤维膜不仅强度高,还具有较好的韧性。
(2)本发明将PLA和PHA层层叠加得到多层纤维结构,由于PLA和PHA具有熔点差异,在加热熔融过程中,依然能够保持PLA纤维膜的状态不变,PLA纤维膜的柔韧性、PHA自身的韧性都能够赋予复合材料优异的韧性,从而使得最终复合材料强度高,且具有较好延展性和断裂伸长率。此外,由于加工过程中PLA纤维膜的状态不变,使得最终复合材料中的抗紫外剂依然能够保持均匀分散的状态,抗紫外性能不受影响。
(3)所用原料PHA和PLA均可以生物降解,所得复合材料为绿色复合材料,还具有电磁屏蔽、抗菌的功能。
(4)制造工艺简单,制造成本低,可较好地应用在环保功能材料领域,满足高分子材料行业的生产需求。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
S1称取对应质量的熔点为180℃,包含质量分数为1.0%的ZnO和0.2%的AgNPs的厚度为0.01mm的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜70份;熔点为150℃的PHA纤维30份放在70℃的真空干燥箱中3小时进行干燥处理。
S2将经过步骤S1干燥处理后的聚羟基脂肪酸酯和步骤S1制备得到的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜间隔层层叠加,得到多层纤维结构,具体步骤为:将聚羟基脂肪酸酯置于最下层,然后铺上聚乳酸纳米膜,然后再放聚羟基脂肪酸酯,这样层层叠加,最上层为聚羟基脂肪酸酯。
S3将步骤S2得到的多层结构放入热压机中加热,热压温度为155℃,时间在1分钟,压力为4MPa,加热熔融后,经过冷却,整修,制得具有防紫外线功能的聚乳酸纺织复合材料。所得纺织复合材料的拉伸强度为130MPa,断裂伸长率为35%,紫外线吸收率为99.5%。
实施例2
S1称取对应质量的熔点为160℃,包含质量分数为0.5%的ZnO和0.6%的AgNPs的厚度为0.1mm的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜30份;熔点为80℃的PHA膜70份放在70℃的真空干燥箱中5小时进行干燥处理。
S2将经过步骤S1干燥处理后的聚羟基脂肪酸酯和步骤S1制备得到的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜间隔层层叠加,得到多层纤维结构,具体步骤为:将聚羟基脂肪酸酯置于最下层,然后铺上聚乳酸纳米膜,然后再放聚羟基脂肪酸酯,这样层层叠加,最上层为聚羟基脂肪酸酯。。
S3将步骤S2得到的多层结构放入热压机中加热,热压温度为125℃,时间在10分钟,压力为2MPa,加热熔融后,经过冷却,整修,制得具有防紫外线功能的聚乳酸纺织复合材料。所得纺织复合材料的拉伸强度为50MPa,断裂伸长率为115%,紫外线吸收率为80%。
实施例3
S1称取对应质量的熔点为165℃,包含质量分数为0.7%的ZnO和0.5%的AgNPs的厚度为0.5mm的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜50份;熔点为120℃PHA片材50份放在70℃的真空干燥箱中3小时进行干燥处理。
S2将经过步骤S1干燥处理后的聚羟基脂肪酸酯和步骤S1制备得到的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜间隔层层叠加,得到多层纤维结构,具体步骤为:将聚羟基脂肪酸酯置于最下层,然后铺上聚乳酸纳米膜,然后再放聚羟基脂肪酸酯,这样层层叠加,最上层为聚羟基脂肪酸酯。。
S3将步骤S2得到的多层结构放入热压机中加热,热压温度为135℃,时间在5分钟,压力为3MPa,加热熔融后,经过冷却,整修,制得具有防紫外线功能的聚乳酸纺织复合材料。
所得纺织复合材料的拉伸强度为109MPa,断裂伸长率为67%,紫外线吸收率为98.9%。
实施例4
S1称取对应质量的熔点为170℃,包含质量分数为0.8%的ZnO和0.4%的AgNPs的厚度为1mm的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜30份;熔点为120℃的PHA颗粒70份放在70℃的真空干燥箱中2.5小时进行干燥处理。
S2将经过步骤S1干燥处理后的聚羟基脂肪酸酯颗粒和步骤S1制备得到的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜间隔层层叠加,得到多层纤维结构,具体步骤为:将聚羟基脂肪酸酯置于最下层,然后铺上聚乳酸纳米膜,然后再放聚羟基脂肪酸酯,这样层层叠加,最上层为聚羟基脂肪酸酯。
S3将步骤S2得到的多层结构放入热压机中加热,热压温度为140℃,时间在8分钟,压力为10MPa,加热熔融后,经过冷却,整修,制得具有防紫外线功能的聚乳酸纺织复合材料。所得纺织复合材料的拉伸强度为124MPa,断裂伸长率为53%,紫外线吸收率为98.7%。
比较例1
S1称取对应质量的熔点为170℃的厚度为0.01mm的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜30份;熔点为120℃的PHA纤维70份放在70℃的真空干燥箱中2.5小时进行干燥处理。
S2将经过步骤S1干燥处理后的PHA纤维和步骤S1制备得到的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜间隔层层叠加,得到多层纤维结构,具体步骤为:将PHA纤维置于最下层,然后铺上聚乳酸纳米膜,然后再放PHA纤维,这样层层叠加,最上层为PHA纤维。。
S3将步骤S2得到的多层结构放入热压机中加热,热压温度为140℃,时间在5分钟,压力为4MPa,加热熔融后,经过冷却,整修,制得复合材料。所得复合材料的拉伸强度为44.9MPa,断裂伸长率为95%,紫外线吸收率为37.4%。
比较例2
S1称取熔点为120℃的PHA纤维100份放在70℃的真空干燥箱中2.5小时进行干燥处理。
S2步骤S1干燥处理的PHA纤维均匀的堆叠到一定厚度。
S3将步骤S2得到的有一定厚度的PHA纤维放入热压机中加热,热压温度为140℃,时间在5分钟,压力为4MPa,加热熔融后,经过冷却,整修,制得复合材料。所得复合材料的拉伸强度为86MPa,断裂伸长率为83%,紫外线吸收率为23.6%。
比较例3
S1称取熔点为170℃的PLA纤维100份放在70℃的真空干燥箱中2.5小时进行干燥处理。
S2步骤S1干燥处理的PLA纤维均匀的堆叠到一定厚度。
S3将步骤S2得到的有一定厚度的PLA纤维放入热压机中加热,热压温度为190℃,时间在5分钟,压力为4MPa,加热熔融后,经过冷却,整修,制得复合材料。所得纺织复合材料的拉伸强度为72MPa,断裂伸长率为33%,紫外线吸收率为26.8%。
通过实施例与比较例对比可以看出,本发明所制备的PLA复合材料均具有优异的抗紫外作用,并且可赋予复合材料良好的拉伸强度的和断裂伸长率。所用原料PHA和PLA均可以生物降解,所得复合材料为绿色复合材料。此外,复合材料制造工艺简单,制造成本低,可较好的应用在环保功能材料领域。
以上所述,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有防紫外线功能的聚乳酸复合材料,其特征在于,所述的聚乳酸复合材料是由含ZnO和AgNPs的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜和包覆在所述聚乳酸静电纺丝膜外层的聚羟基脂肪酸酯组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚乳酸复合材料,其特征在于,所述聚乳酸静电纺丝膜的熔点为160-180℃,所述聚羟基脂肪酸酯的熔点为80-150℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚乳酸复合材料,其特征在于,所述的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜中,ZnO的质量分数为0.5-1.0%,AgNPs的质量分数为0.2%-0.6%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚乳酸复合材料,其特征在于,所述的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜的厚度为0.01-1mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的聚乳酸复合材料,其特征在于,所述的聚乳酸复合材料的拉伸强度为50-130MPa,断裂伸长率为35%-115%,紫外线吸收率为80%-99.5%。
6.一种权利要求1-5任一项所述的聚乳酸复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.制备含ZnO和AgNPs的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜,并进行干燥处理;
S2.将经过干燥处理后的聚羟基脂肪酸酯和步骤S1制备得到的聚乳酸静电纺丝膜间隔层层叠加,得到多层纤维结构,所述多层纤维结构的最上层和最下层均为聚羟基脂肪酸酯;
S3.将所述多层纤维结构放入热压机,加热熔融,冷却,整修,制得具有防紫外线功能的PLA复合材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚乳酸静电纺丝膜与所述聚羟基脂肪酸酯的用量比为(30-70):(30-70)。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的干燥处理是指在70℃真空干燥箱中2-5小时。
9.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热压机的热压温度为125-155℃,热压时间在1-10分钟,热压压力为2-10MPa。
10.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚羟基脂肪酸酯为纤维、膜、片材和颗粒中的一种。
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