CN115318255B - 一种磁性可回收煤矸石吸附球状材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种磁性可回收煤矸石吸附球状材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种磁性可回收煤矸石吸附球状材料及其制备方法和应用,包括:S1,将煤矸石粉碎并进行煅烧,得到改性煤矸石粉末;S2,将改性煤矸石粉末分散在水中,加入可溶性二价铁盐与可溶性三价铁盐,用氨水调节pH到8‑10,进行反应,反应完成后加入木质素、聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯亚胺,混合均匀,得到混合液A;S3,将腐植酸盐和羧甲基纤维素钠溶于水中,得到混合液B;S4,将混合液B滴加到混合液A中,进行交联反应,反应完成后,分离固体产物,洗涤,干燥,得到磁性可回收煤矸石吸附球状材料。不仅可以解决煤矸石的综合利用问题,制备出的吸附球状材料也具有吸附能力强、易回收的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吸附材料技术领域,特别涉及一种腐植酸型磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
在我国,煤炭行业堆存的煤矸石量已达70亿吨,煤矸石是在采煤、选煤和洗煤过程中产生的固体废弃物,硬度大且含碳量低,这些煤矸石的长期堆积,会给自然界带来许多环境问题。煤矸石里主要的化学成分是:Al2O3、SiO2、Fe2O3、CaO、MgO等,并且煤矸石内含有大量的粘土矿物和腐植质,可以利用这些特性,将其有效地利用起来。
随着水资源短缺与水污染问题之间的矛盾加剧,水污染物质的种类以及由水污染引发的问题也日趋复杂。水中污染物可分为物理、化学以及生物污染,其中化学污染是水中种类最多、含量通常也是最高的污染物。而化学污染的污染物主要有重金属离子污染和一些有机物污染。这些污染不仅会在食物链中不断富集,还可以通过饮用水等手段直接影响人体,最终损害人类的身体健康。
目前现有的水污染控制方法主要包括物理法、化学法、物理化学法、吸附法和生物法等。而吸附法以其成本低廉、操作简便、易于控制与管理等优势在水污染控制中得到广泛的应用,但吸附材料存在着回收困难、难以重复利用、会造成二次污染的问题。而现在对于煤矸石制备吸附材料,大都使用简单的热改性,对其进行处理且多制备成粉末,存在吸附量小、回收困难、应用过程易团聚等问题。常见的典型煤矸石制备磁性吸附剂已申请多项专利。如申请号:CN 111298764A名称为:一种利用煤矸石制备磁性吸附剂的方法。此发明利用煤矸石与可溶性铁盐制备磁性吸附剂,虽然吸附效果好,但这种磁性吸附剂形貌杂乱,不便于回收,吸附种类主要针对染料和一些含磷的污染物。而专利号:CN 111151217 B名称为:一种磁性煤旰石地质聚合物吸附剂制备方法,此发明主要是热活化后与碱激发剂悬浮固化成型,改性方式单一,吸附性能一般。专利CN 108993450 A中发明的一种低毒环保吸附剂,制备繁琐,工艺流程复杂,成本高。
发明内容
针对于上述提出的煤矸石废弃物的大量堆积、水体污染以及吸附材料难回收的问题,本发明提供一种磁性可回收煤矸石吸附球状材料及其制备方法和应用,不仅可以解决煤矸石的综合利用问题,制备出的吸附球状材料也具有吸附能力强、易回收的优点。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将煤矸石原料研磨后进行煅烧,煅烧后,获得改性煤矸石粉末;
2)在60-70℃下,将改性煤矸石粉末于水中超声分散1-2h,加入可溶性二价铁盐与三价铁盐,用氨水调节pH到8-10,反应1-2h,向反应液中再加入木质素、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯亚胺混合均匀,得到混合液A;
3)将腐殖酸盐和羧甲基纤维素钠溶于去离子水中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液B;
4)将混合液B缓慢滴加到混合液A中,进行交联反应2-3h,抽滤、用去离子水洗涤、干燥,得到腐植酸型磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料。
优选的,步骤1)中,将煤矸石研磨到150-350目。
优选的,步骤1)中,所述的煅烧的温度制度为:2-3h升温到700-900℃,保温4-8h,然后2-3h降温到200-350℃,再随炉冷却。
优选的,步骤2)中,所述的可溶性二价铁盐为硫酸亚铁、氯化亚铁和硝酸亚铁中的一种或几种。
优选的,步骤2)中,所述的可溶性三价铁盐为硝酸铁、硫酸铁、氯化铁、硫酸铁铵、溴化铁和碘化铁中的一种或几种。
优选的,步骤2)中,所述的木质素为紫丁香基木质素、愈疮木基木质素和对-羟基苯基木质素中的一种或者几种。
优选的,步骤2)中,所述的可溶性二价铁盐和可溶性三价铁盐的添加量质量比例为1:2。
优选的,步骤2)中,按照质量份数计,所述的改性煤矸石粉末添加量为20-40份,水添加量为40-60份,可溶性二价铁盐添加量为1-5份,可溶性三价铁盐添加量为2-10份,木质素添加量为2-5份,聚乙烯醇添加量为2-5份,聚乙烯亚胺添加量为2-5份。
优选的,步骤3)中,腐殖酸盐为腐殖酸钾。
优选的,步骤3)中,所述的腐殖酸盐3-6份,羧甲基纤维素钠5-12份,水的添加量为100份。
采用所述制备方法制备得到的磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料,其直径为1-2mm,可用于去除水中污染物。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
本发明提供了一种腐植酸型磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料的制备方法,该方法以煤矸石为主要原料,并对其进行热改性处理,通过改性可去除煤矸石内的结晶水,同时与煤矸石表面发生化学反应,疏通通道,提高比表面积,大大提高了其吸附性能,节省吸附时间,再将其与可溶性二价铁盐与三价铁盐结合,Fe2+和Fe3+在碱性条件下反应得到具有磁性作用的Fe3O4,赋予其磁性可回收性能。再加入木质素、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯亚胺、腐殖酸钾、羧甲基纤维素钠进一步提升其吸附性能。其中木质素是一种含许多负电基团的多环高分子有机物,对水中的高价金属离子有较强的亲和力;腐殖酸盐也与金属离子有交换、吸附、络合、螯合等作用;而聚乙烯亚胺不仅有较高的反应活性,能与羧甲基纤维素钠中的羟基反应并交联聚合,并且可以增加改性煤矸石的吸附位点,提高其吸附容量;羧甲基纤维素钠与腐殖酸钾也能与未反应的可溶性铁离子交联,羧甲基纤维素钠和Fe3+能够交联成球,避免了对过量的磁性材料进行处理;聚乙烯醇是一种水溶性高分子聚合物,增加改性煤矸石与磁性结构、聚乙烯亚胺、羧甲基纤维素钠、腐殖酸钾、可溶性铁离子的连接紧密度;最终通过多重交联作用,制备出腐植酸型磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料。本发明利用聚乙烯亚胺较强的吸附和胶黏作用,将混合液A与B胶黏在一起形成包覆的效果,形成球状吸附材料,并且本发明含有具有分散性能的木质素具有较高的吸附性能和分散性能,目的是将所得到的球状吸附材料能够很好的分散在水中,增强其吸附性能。相比于普通的煤矸石粉末类吸附材料,本发明材料拥有更强的吸附能力,且不会团聚、易回收、不会产生二次污染。
本发明制备的腐植酸型磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料,吸附能力强、不会团聚、不会产生二次污染、易回收。
附图说明
图1为本发明吸附材料的制备流程图;
图2为制备得到的吸附球状材料宏观图:(a)实施例1,(b)实施例2。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明的构思及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整的描述,以充分地理解本发明的目的、方案和效果。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
实施例1
如图1,本发明制备方法包括:
第一步,将煤矸石原料研磨到350目后置入马弗炉中进行煅烧,煅烧条件为:3h升温到900℃,保温8h,3h降温到350℃,再随炉冷却。煅烧后,获得改性的煤矸石粉末;
第二步,在70℃下,将40份改性后的煤矸石于60份水中超声分散2h,加入5份硫酸亚铁与10份硝酸铁,用氨水调节pH到8-10,反应2h,再加入5份紫丁香基木质素、5份聚乙烯醇、5份聚乙烯亚胺混合均匀,得到混合液A;
第三步,将6份腐殖酸钾和12份羧甲基纤维素钠溶于100份去离子水中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液B;
第四步,将混合液B缓慢滴加在混合液A,待反应3h后,抽滤、用去离子水洗涤、干燥,得到腐植酸型磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料。
如图2所示,所得吸附球状材粒径大小大约为1-2mm。
实施例2
第一步,将煤矸石原料研磨到150目后置入马弗炉中进行煅烧,煅烧条件为:2h升温到700℃,保温4h,2h降温到200℃,再随炉冷却。煅烧后,获得改性的煤矸石粉末;
第二步,在60℃下,将20份改性后的煤矸石于40份水中超声分散1h,加入1份氯化亚铁与2份硫酸铁,用氨水调节pH到8-10,反应2h,再加入2份愈疮木基木质素、2份聚乙烯醇、2份聚乙烯亚胺混合均匀,得到混合液A;
第三步,将3份腐殖酸钾和5份羧甲基纤维素钠溶于100份去离子水中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液B;
第四步,将混合液B缓慢滴加在混合液A,待反应2h后,抽滤、用去离子水洗涤、干燥,得到腐植酸型磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料。
如图2所示,所得吸附球状材粒径大小大约为1-2mm。
实施例3
第一步,将煤矸石原料研磨到350目后置入马弗炉中进行煅烧,煅烧条件为:2.5h升温到750℃,保温5h,2h降温到250℃,再随炉冷却。煅烧后,获得改性的煤矸石粉末;
第二步,在60℃下,将25份改性后的煤矸石于44份水中超声分散1h,加入2份硫酸亚铁与4份硫酸铁铵,用氨水调节pH到8-10,反应2h,再加入2份对-羟基苯基木质素、5份聚乙烯醇、3份聚乙烯亚胺混合均匀,得到混合液A;
第三步,将4份腐殖酸钾和10份羧甲基纤维素钠溶于100份去离子水中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液B;
第四步,将混合液B缓慢滴加在混合液A,待反应3h后,抽滤、用去离子水洗涤、干燥,得到腐植酸型磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料。
实施例4
第一步,将煤矸石原料研磨到250目后置入马弗炉中进行煅烧,煅烧条件为:2.5h升温到800℃,保温6h,2.5h降温到250℃,再随炉冷却。煅烧后,获得改性的煤矸石粉末;
第二步,在65℃下,将30份改性后的煤矸石于50份水中超声分散1.5h,加入3份硝酸亚铁与硫酸亚铁混合物与6份氯化铁与硫酸铁混合物,用氨水调节pH到8-10,反应1h,再加入4份对-羟基苯基木质素和紫丁香基木质素混合物、4份聚乙烯醇、4份聚乙烯亚胺混合均匀,得到混合液A;
第三步,将5份腐殖酸钾和8份羧甲基纤维素钠溶于100份去离子水中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液B;
第四步,将混合液B缓慢滴加在混合液A,待反应2.5h后,抽滤、用去离子水洗涤、干燥,得到腐植酸型磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料。
实施例5
第一步,将煤矸石原料研磨到200目后置入马弗炉中进行煅烧,煅烧条件为:2h升温到900℃,保温7h,3h降温到300℃,再随炉冷却。煅烧后,获得改性的煤矸石粉末;
第二步,在70℃下,将35份改性后的煤矸石于59份水中超声分散1h,加入4份氯化亚铁与硝酸亚铁混合物和8份硝酸铁、硫酸铁与氯化铁混合物,用氨水调节pH到8-10,反应2h,再加入3份紫丁香基木质素、3份聚乙烯醇、3份聚乙烯亚胺混合均匀,得到混合液A;
第三步,将4份腐殖酸钾和5份羧甲基纤维素钠溶于100份去离子水中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液B;
第四步,将混合液B缓慢滴加在混合液A,待反应3h后,抽滤、用去离子水洗涤、干燥,得到腐植酸型磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料。
实施例6
第一步,将煤矸石原料研磨到180目后置入马弗炉中进行煅烧,煅烧条件为:2h升温到850℃,保温5h,2h降温到320℃,再随炉冷却。煅烧后,获得改性的煤矸石粉末;
第二步,在63℃下,将22份改性后的煤矸石于60份水中超声分散1h,加入5份硝酸亚铁与10份溴化铁用氨水调节pH到8-10,反应1h,再加入5份愈疮木基木质素、2份聚乙烯醇、4份聚乙烯亚胺混合均匀,得到混合液A;
第三步,将6份腐殖酸钾和6份羧甲基纤维素钠溶于100份去离子水中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液B;
第四步,将混合液B缓慢滴加在混合液A,待反应2h后,抽滤、用去离子水洗涤、干燥,得到腐植酸型磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料。
为了表征腐植酸型磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料的吸附性能,对实施例中合成的腐植酸型磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料的吸附效果以及光催化吸附降解进行了测试,同时设置对比例,对比例采用仅对煤矸石烧制改性完的煤矸石粉末,所吸附的常见污染物为刚果红、甲基绿、Hg2+、Cr3+初始浓度为300mg/L的溶液,置于温度为298K、308K和318K的恒温振荡箱中震荡120-300min,取出离心并静置20min后采用可见分光光度计分别在662nm、540nm处测定上清液的吸光度值,利用公式(1)进行计算吸附后的去除率。
其中:式(1)中,C0和Ce分别表示初始浓度和平衡浓度,单位为mg/L;R为平衡时的去除率。
计算各物质的去除率,如表1所示。
表1腐植酸型磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料对各种污染物的去除率
通过对上述数据分析得出,本发明制备的腐植酸型磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料对常见的污水污染物刚果红、甲基绿、Hg2+、Cr3+均有良好的去除率,其中实施例4相较于其他的实施例以及对照组的效果最优,而仅用热处理改性的方式处理过的煤矸石吸附剂对于常见的污水处理能力太低,不能达到实际所需,相比于普通的煤矸石粉末类吸附材料,本发明制备的腐植酸型磁性可回收的煤矸石吸附球状材料拥有更强的吸附能力,且不会团聚、易回收、不会产生二次污染,可以对水中污染物进行有效的处理,满足实际需求,且制备方法简单、成本低廉。
以上内容是对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施方式仅限于此,对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单的推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种磁性可回收煤矸石吸附球状材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
S1,将煤矸石粉碎并进行煅烧,得到改性煤矸石粉末;
S2,将改性煤矸石粉末分散在水中,加入可溶性二价铁盐与可溶性三价铁盐,用氨水调节pH到8-10,进行反应,反应完成后加入木质素、聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯亚胺,混合均匀,得到混合液A;
S3,将腐植酸盐和羧甲基纤维素钠溶于水中,得到混合液B;
S4,将混合液B滴加到混合液A中,进行交联反应,反应完成后,分离固体产物,洗涤,干燥,得到磁性可回收煤矸石吸附球状材料;
S2中,所述的木质素为紫丁香基木质素、愈疮木基木质素和对-羟基苯基木质素中的一种或者几种;
按照质量份数计,各物质添加量为:改性煤矸石20-40份、可溶性二价铁盐1-5份、可溶性三价铁盐2-10份、木质素2-5份、聚乙烯醇2-5份、聚乙烯亚胺2-5份、腐殖酸盐3-6份、羧甲基纤维素钠5-12份;所述的可溶性二价铁盐和可溶性三价铁盐的质量比例为1:2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的磁性可回收煤矸石吸附球状材料的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中,将煤矸石粉碎到150-350目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的磁性可回收煤矸石吸附球状材料的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中,煅烧条件为:2-3h升温到700-900℃,保温4-8h,然后2-3h降温到200-350℃,再自然冷却。
4.根据权利要求1所述的磁性可回收煤矸石吸附球状材料的制备方法,其特征在于,S2中,所述的可溶性二价铁盐为硫酸亚铁、氯化亚铁和硝酸亚铁中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的磁性可回收煤矸石吸附球状材料的制备方法,其特征在于,S2中,所述的可溶性三价铁盐为硝酸铁、硫酸铁、氯化铁、硫酸铁铵、溴化铁和碘化铁中的一种或几种。
6.采用权利要求1-5任一项所述的制备方法得到的磁性可回收煤矸石吸附球状材料,其特征在于,其形貌为球形,粒径为1-2mm。
7.权利要求6所述的磁性可回收煤矸石吸附球状材料吸附水中污染物中的应用。
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