CN115313719A - 用于电机的转子支架以及带有该转子支架的电机 - Google Patents
用于电机的转子支架以及带有该转子支架的电机 Download PDFInfo
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于电机的转子支架,其包括套筒状的容纳区域(10)和至少一个法兰状的承载区域(20),所述承载区域与毂盘或者轴(A)连接,其中所述容纳区域(10)在其外圆周面上具有至少一个沿轴向方向延伸的带动槽(11),并且其中在所述容纳区域(10)中设有多个分布在圆周上的径向的油孔(13),其特征在于,在所述转子支架的一轴向端部处设有由非磁性材料制成的传感器轮(30),并且所述传感器轮(30)沿径向方向突出所述容纳区域(10),以便用作转子叠片组(R)的轴向边界(L)。另外本发明涉及具有所述转子支架的一种电机、一种传动系以及一种车辆。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种转子支架,该转子支架用于电机、特别是车辆的混合动力传动系中的电机。
背景技术
在现有技术中,对于电机来说,除了实心转子之外还已知环形转子,所述环形转子围绕旋转轴线布置。例如从文献DE 10 2014 216 367 A1或KR 2014 0067345 A中已知,在转子支架中在轴上加工凹部或凸起,以便与位置传感器相互作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种针对现有技术的替代方案,其具有对于转子来说更好的支撑和优化的空间利用,并且还可以简单且成本低廉地制造。
该目的通过一种用于电机的转子支架来实现,该转子支架包括套筒状的容纳区域和至少一个法兰状的承载区域,该承载区域与毂盘或轴连接,其中所述容纳区域在其外圆周面上具有至少一个沿轴向方向延伸的带动槽,并且其中在容纳区域中设有多个分布在圆周上的、径向的油孔,其特征在于,在转子支架的一轴向端部处设有由非磁性材料制成的传感器轮,并且所述传感器轮沿径向方向突出所述容纳区域,以便用作转子叠片组的轴向边界。
由于套筒状的容纳区域和法兰状的承载区域,相对于实心的转子铁芯来说,重量和惯性保持得较低。此外,通过在必要时能够将传动系的其他部件径向地布置在套筒状的容纳区域内部,能够获得结构空间。为了实现可靠地带动转子的旋转运动,转子支架的容纳表面在外侧面上具有至少一个轴向延伸的带动槽,该带动槽能够沿圆周方向与转子上的相应凸起形成形状配合的连接部。在容纳区域中还设有径向的油孔,以便允许冷却介质、特别是形式为存在于传动系的区域中的油的冷却介质通过。
作为转子或者更准确地说转子叠片组在容纳区域上的轴向边界,在一轴向端部处设有径向突出容纳区域的传感器轮。该传感器轮由非磁性材料制成,以便尽可能避免对电机、尤其是转子的磁特性产生负面影响。
根据本发明的转子支架的实施方式的特征在于,传感器轮具有用于旋转位置传感器的标识部。能够使用转子位置传感器来检测转子的位置或旋转角度。所述转子位置传感器在此检测位于传感器轮上的标识部。根据所使用的转子位置传感器,所述标识部可以包括视觉的和/或机械的标识部,例如像凹部、凸起、不同材料或者比如针对颜色、纹理和/或材料的表面处理。
根据实施方式的转子支架的特征在于,传感器轮材料连接地和/或形状配合地与容纳区域和/或承载区域连接。为了形成可靠的并且特别是不可相对转动的连接部,传感器轮例如通过焊接以材料连接的方式和/或以形状配合的方式与转子支架的其他部分连接。
所述转子支架的实施方式的特征在于,在所述容纳区域的外圆周面上设有多个分布在圆周上的轴向的冷却槽,并且所述油孔的直径大于所述冷却槽的净宽度。由于油孔的直径大于冷却槽的净宽度,因此油的流动可以得到改善,因为油也可以从侧面流过槽侧壁(Nutflanken)。如果选择了一种同样敞开在内圆周面上的槽的槽侧壁的直径,那么这种效果与在内圆周面处在圆周上错开地布置的槽相组合是特别有利的。
所述转子支架的优选的实施方式的特征在于,所述冷却槽的至少一部分延伸直到所述传感器轮,并且所述传感器轮具有对准所述冷却槽的开口。为了防止冷却槽被径向向外突出的传感器轮封闭,所述传感器轮具有与冷却槽的至少一部分对准的开口。本发明意义中的对应的开口也可以由与冷却槽连接的、形成在传感器轮中或与传感器轮一起形成的冷却通道构成,该冷却通道具有一个或多个出口,其中所述一个或多个出口不必强制地与冷却槽对准。
根据优选的实施方式的转子支架的特征在于,所述冷却槽具有封闭区段,由此所述冷却槽并不在整个轴向长度上延伸,并且所述封闭区段布置在所述油孔和所述转子支架的最接近的轴向端部之间的区域中。为了能够实现更有针对性的导油,冷却槽的至少一部分可以具有封闭区段,横截面利用该封闭区段在垂直于电机的旋转轴线的平面中被封闭。为了与油尽可能长地接触,所述封闭区段特别是在油孔没有居中地布置的情况下设置在直到最接近的轴向端部的区域中。
所述转子支架的实施方式的特征在于,所述冷却槽在其径向外侧的、轴向延伸的端部处设有流入斜面或流入半径。从冷却槽的壁部到外圆周面的过渡部有利地设有流入斜面或流入半径,以避免尖锐的边缘。这对于在可能对圆周面进行机械的、尤其是切削的精加工的情况下避免形成伸入到冷却槽中的毛边以及减小刀具负荷是特别有利的,由此可以提高刀具的使用寿命。通过这种精加工,可以消除与制造相关的形状误差或保持形状公差。在加工后,根据输出部件的形状精度,过渡部可以在圆周上不同地分布,必要时甚至部分地作为尖锐的边缘存在。
根据实施方式的转子支架的特征在于,在所述容纳区域的内圆周面上,在背离所述传感器轮的轴向端部处具有一环绕的油坝其中所述油坝沿径向方向向内突出,以便形成用于冷却油的收集空间。为了能够确保在容纳区域的内圆周面上有足够量的油用于冷却,优选至少在转子支架的敞开的端处设有油坝。通过所述油坝在内圆周面上形成环形的收集空间,特别是在转子支架旋转时在所述收集空间中可以收集油以进行冷却。
所述转子支架的实施方式的特征在于,用于带动不同的叠片组区段的多个带动槽分布在圆周上,其中这些带动槽之间的角度偏离均匀分布一交叉角度为了改善性能,转子的叠片组通常被划分成多个部分区域,并且这些叠片组区段沿圆周方向错位,也即相对于彼此旋转一定角度。这种错位例如可以通过用于各个叠片组区段的不同的转子叠片来实现,然而由此增加了不同部件的数量和制造费用。替代地或必要时还累积地,为转子支架上的各个叠片组区段提供不同的带动槽,这些带动槽分布在圆周上并且以相应的错位偏移均匀分布一定间距地设置。
根据实施方式的转子支架的特征在于,从所述容纳区域、承载区域或传感器轮中选出的至少两个部件一体式地构造。为了减少部件的数量,转子支架的多个部件,特别是牢固地、尤其是材料连接地相互连接的部件,也可以构造成一体式的。例如,容纳区域和承载区域可以制造为共同的钵形部件。传感器轮也可以与承载区域集成地构造。
所述转子支架的实施方式的特征在于,联轴器装置的一侧与所述容纳区域和/或所述承载区域的内圆周面不可相对转动地连接。为了最小化所需的结构空间而有利的是,联轴器装置至少部分地布置在容纳区域内并且与容纳区域和/或承载区域连接。
本发明的另一方面是一种具有根据本发明的实施方式的转子支架的电机。
根据实施方式的电机的特征在于,在所述转子支架上设有油坝,与定子连接的壳体部分延伸到背离所述传感器轮的轴向端部区域中,并且所述壳体部分具有滴状边缘,以便将冷却油引导到所述转子支架的收集空间中。为了进一步改善冷却并且将额外的冷却油引导到转子支架,壳体部件有利地具有滴状边缘,该滴状边缘延伸到容纳区域内部的敞开的轴向区域中,进而在通过油坝在容纳区域的内圆周面上形成的收集空间中引导从作为导油元件的滴状边缘滴落的油。
电机的优选的实施方式的特征在于,所述滴状边缘沿圆周方向仅在部分区域上延伸。由于滴状边缘仅在圆周的下方部分上延伸,流过壳体部分的油流也可以从上方流到轴或毂盘上,以便改善其润滑。
同样地,本发明的另一方面是一种传动系,其包括根据所描述的实施方式的电机。
本发明的另一方面是具有根据所描述的实施方式其中之一的传动系的车辆。由此可以相应地实现所描述的优点。
实施例的特征可以任意地相互组合。
附图说明
下面参照附图更详细地解释本发明。相同或相似的元件由统一的附图标识部表示。图中详细显示了:
图1示出了转子支架的示意性的实施例的透视图;
图2示出了另一个实施例的透视图;
图3示出了转子的实施例的剖视图;
图4示出了图3中的转子支架在另一实施例中的变体;
图5示出了油坝的实施例;
图6示出了传动系的截取区段;
图7示出了沿轴向方向观察冷却槽的示意性的剖面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了转子支架的实施例的透视图。除了转子支架外,还显示了轴(A)或毂盘的一部分,所述转子支架通过在图1中看不到的承载区域(20)与其连接。传感器轮(30)布置在转子支架的轴向端部上。
容纳区域(10)的外圆周上设有多个沿轴向方向延伸的冷却槽(12)。这些冷却槽(12)与安装到容纳区域(10)上的转子叠片组(R)一起形成冷却通道。所述冷却槽(12)通过油孔(13)从内部供油,油沿着冷却槽(12)流向容纳区域(10)的轴向端部并且从至少一个端部处流出。在所示的实施例中,该背离传感器轮(30)的轴向端部是敞开的。
为了在轴向长度上尽可能均匀地冷却,图1中的油孔(13)以相对于中心略微的轴向偏移布置在容纳区域(10)中。通过该轴向偏移避免了转子支架沿垂直于旋转轴线延伸的平面的过度的材料弱化。由于相对居中的布置方式,在两个轴向方向上产生了尽可能均匀的冷却效果。
在所示的实施例中,油孔(13)在圆周方向上具有比冷却槽(12)的净宽度更大的直径。由此改善了冷却油的流入,因为冷却油也可以通过冷却槽(12)的侧壁进入。
如果在容纳区域(10)的内圆周面上的凹槽沿圆周方向与外圆周面上的冷却槽(12)交替地布置,则该措施是特别有利的。优选相对于冷却槽(12)居中地布置的油孔(13)在此具有至少一个直径,该直径大于或至少等于冷却槽(12)在圆周方向上的净宽度加上冷却槽(12)的侧面壁厚的两倍。
为了实现尽可能紧密的冷却通道,有利的是,所述冷却槽(12)在外圆周面上具有侧壁的限定的笔直的棱边。如果容纳区域(10)通过例如金属板成型或通过诸如铸造成型来制造,则在此产生拔模斜度或拔模半径,其通过优选整个外圆周面的随后的切削加工去除。由此也改善了容纳区域(10)的外圆周的配合精度。
容纳区域(10)的外圆周在此具有至少一个带动槽(11),以便容纳转子叠片组(R)上对应的带动凸起,所述转子叠片组不可相对转动地容纳在容纳区域(10)上。取决于有待安装的转子叠片组(R),例如由于对称性或更均匀的力分布,转子叠片组(R)的在圆周上偏移地布置的区段和/或转子叠片组(R)中的不同叠片区段可以设有多个分布在圆周上的带动槽(11)。
替代地或附加地,冷却槽(12)也可以用作带动槽(11)或者带动槽(11)也可以用作冷却槽(12)。在这些情况下,它们具有相同的横截面。转子叠片组(R)上的带动凸起例如在内圆周处的径向凹部上有利地成形,从而它们可以与带动槽(11)或冷却槽(12)形成冷却通道。
冷却槽(12)同样也可以具有特别是沿圆周方向比带动槽(11)更大的横截面。由此可以确保,由于对称或者类似原因转子叠片组(R)的布置在冷却槽(12)中的带动凸起最终不会在转子叠片组(R)中产生张紧力,并且尽可能大横截面积可用于冷却通道。
在图1中,传感器轮(30)具有开口(32),该开口对准油槽(12)地布置,进而同样能够将通过油孔(13)供给的冷却油排出。
在所示出的实施例中,传感器轮(30)具有标识部(31),以便与不随转子支架一起旋转的传感器共同作用以检测转子的旋转角度。在此,标识部由沿径向方向交替地设置的凸起和凹部示出。也可以根据传感器不同地构造标识部,例如以不同的几何构造、沿轴向方向和/或利用比如所提到的或所引入的材料的材料变化、例如部分涂层或嵌入来构造。当然所述标识部(31)也不必布置在转子支架的容纳区域(10)的径向内部,而是也可以根据结构空间和传感器的定位布置在容纳区域(10)的区域中或者径向外部。
传感器轮(30)还通过径向向外突出的区域显示容纳区域(10)的轴向边界(L),有待附接的转子叠片组(R)贴靠在该轴向边界上。为了避免影响转子的磁性,所述传感器轮(30)根据本发明由非磁性材料制成。
在图2中所示的实施例在很大程度上对应于图1中的实施例,因此可以参考以上描述。
与图1不同的是,图2中的油孔(13)并非居中地而是在圆周上交替地设置在冷却槽(12)的轴向对置的端部区域中。所述冷却槽(12)附加地在油孔(13)和容纳区域(10)的最靠近的轴向端部之间具有封闭区段(14)。冷却槽(12)的横截面由封闭区段(14)封闭,由此至少尽可能地阻止了冷却油朝该方向流动。因此,每个冷却槽(12)仅具有一个轴向流动方向,并且流动方向的交替的布置方式实现了在轴向长度上更均匀的冷却性能。
图3以截面图示出了带有附接的转子叠片组(R)的转子支架的实施例的一半。
在该实施例中,容纳区域(10)和承载区域(20)设计成一体。所述承载区域(20)不可相对转动地与轴(A)连接。传感器轮(30)通过焊缝(W)与容纳区域(10)或承载区域(20)连接。
在容纳区域(10)内部设有联轴器支架(C),在该实施例中,该联轴器支架同样不可相对转动地与轴(A)连接。替代地或附加地,必要时设置的联轴器支架(C)也可以直接与容纳区域(10)和/或承载区域(20)连接。在本实施例中示例性地,联轴器支架(C)是片式联轴器的外盘片支架。
转子叠片组(R)布置在容纳区域(10)上,所述转子叠片组以一轴向端部贴靠在传感器轮(30)的轴向边界(L)处。在该实施例中,转子叠片组(R)在对置的轴向端部处例如利用压环(P)固定,以便沿轴向方向牢固地定位转子叠片组(R)。
此外,在图3中还示出了平衡质量(B),以便能够在没有干扰的不平衡的情况下实现尽可能均匀的旋转运动。在该实施例中,所述平衡质量(B)设置在传感器轮(30)的轴向边界(L)处。可选地,所述平衡质量(B)也可以设置在转子上的不同部位处。
图4在很大程度上类似于图3,因此可以参考关于图3的描述。
除了在图4中与图3相反地没有示出安装好的转子叠片组(R)或者平衡质量(B)之外,两者的区别还在于,所述传感器轮(30)借助于铆钉(N)与承载区域(20)连接。代替图3中的材料连接的连接部,根据图4所示的机械的、形状配合的连接部尤其在连接不同材料的情况下是有利的。
图5示出了容纳区域(10)的敞开的轴向端部(比如像图4中标识的那样)的详细视图。在所述容纳区域(10)处设有径向向内突出的油坝(16)。通过该油坝(16)防止了,在容纳区域(10)内部形成用于冷却油的收集空间,以便向油孔(13)供给冷却油。由于在转动的转子支架处产生的离心力,于是在运行过程中形成了环形的收集空间。
在图6中示出了传动系的实施例的截取区段。在容纳区域(10)处可以看到成形的油坝(16)。图中还显示了与固定到壳体的定子(S)相互作用的转子叠片组(R),该定子利用压环(P)固定在容纳区域(10)处。
图6进一步示出了壳体(H)的一部分,其至少容纳电机进而也容纳转子支架。壳体(H)具有轴向伸延到容纳区域(10)内部的区段。至少在该区段的下方端部处设有一滴状边缘(E)。通过所述滴状边缘(E)确保了,流过壳体(H)的内壁的油滴入到由油坝(16)在容纳区域(10)处形成的收集空间中,由此可以提高冷却油的量。
所述滴状边缘(E)在此至少设置在下部区域中,优选地大约沿着轴向突出到容纳区域中的区段的下半部设置。也可以使滴状边缘(E)更短,因为在下部区域中实现了最大的效果。替代地,所述滴状边缘(E)也可以更长,例如沿整个圆周设置,这简化了制造并且在必要时可以用作导油元件,该导油元件用于有针对性地引导在壳体(H)的内壁上流下的油。
图7示出了示意性地示出的冷却槽(12)的截面。对于冷却槽(12)来说,在径向靠外的端部处相应地没有显示尖锐的边缘,该径向靠外的端部形成到外圆周面或者外侧表面的过渡部。在左侧的过渡部中例如示出了流入斜面(15),其中过渡部通过中间面以相位的方式与该流入斜面形成钝角。在右侧的过渡部处例如示出了流入半径(15'),其中过渡部通过曲面、特别是柱形区段形成。
此外,在图7中利用虚线示出了圆周面在机械的、特别是切削精加工以保持形状和位置公差之后的示例性的曲线。通过流入斜面(15)或者流入半径(15')有效地防止形成伸入到冷却槽(12)中的毛边(Grat),所述毛边可能对装配以及在某些情况下对冷却性能产生负面影响。另外由此避免了,必要时使用的切削工具碰到冷却槽的很大程度上垂直的壁部。冷却槽(12),由此可以改善刀具的负载,进而提高其使用寿命。
除了比如像图7中那样针对冷却槽(12)的两个过渡部设置不同的流入斜面(15)或流入半径(15')的变型方案之外,过渡部当然也可以设有相同的流入斜面(15)或流入半径(15'),这在必要时可以简化制造。
本发明另外也不限于所描述的实施例。如以上所述,也可以仅提供单独的有利的特征并且将其相互组合。
附图标记列表:
10 容纳区域
11 带动槽
12 冷却槽
13 油孔
14 封闭区段
15 流入斜面
15' 流入半径
16 油坝
20 承载区域
30 传感器轮
31 标识部(转子位置传感器)
32 开口
A 轴/毂盘
C 联轴器支架
L 轴向边界
R 转子叠片组
P 压环
B 平衡质量
H 壳体部分
E 滴状边缘
W 焊缝
N 铆钉
S 定子
Claims (15)
1.一种用于电机的转子支架,其包括套筒状的容纳区域(10)和至少一个法兰状的承载区域(20),所述承载区域与毂盘或者轴(A)连接,其中所述容纳区域(10)在其外圆周面上具有至少一个沿轴向方向延伸的带动槽(11),并且其中在所述容纳区域(10)中设有多个分布在圆周上的径向的油孔(13),其特征在于,在所述转子支架的一轴向端部处设有由非磁性材料制成的传感器轮(30),并且所述传感器轮(30)沿径向方向突出所述容纳区域(10),以便用作转子叠片组(R)的轴向边界(L)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的转子支架,其特征在于,所述传感器轮(30)具有用于旋转位置传感器的标识部(31)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的转子支架,其特征在于,所述传感器轮(30)以材料连接和/或形状配合的方式与所述容纳区域(10)和/或所述承载区域(20)连接。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的转子支架,其特征在于,在所述容纳区域(10)的外圆周面上设有多个分布在圆周上的轴向的冷却槽(12),并且所述油孔(13)的直径大于所述冷却槽(12)的净宽度。
5.根据权利要求4所述的转子支架,其特征在于,所述冷却槽(12)的至少一部分延伸直到所述传感器轮(30),并且所述传感器轮(30)具有对准所述冷却槽(12)的开口(32)。
6.根据权利要求4或5中任一项所述的转子支架,其特征在于,所述冷却槽(12)具有封闭区段(14),由此所述冷却槽(12)并不在整个轴向长度上延伸,并且所述封闭区段(14)布置在所述油孔(13)和所述转子支架的最接近的轴向端部之间的区域中。
7.根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的转子支架,其特征在于,所述冷却槽(12)在其径向外侧的、轴向延伸的端部处设有流入斜面(15)或流入半径(15')。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的转子支架,其特征在于,在所述容纳区域(10)的内圆周面上,在背离所述传感器轮(30)的轴向端部处具有一环绕的油坝(16),其中所述油坝(16)沿径向方向向内突出,以便形成用于冷却油的收集空间。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的转子支架,其特征在于,用于带动不同的叠片组区段的多个带动槽(11)分布在圆周上,其中这些带动槽(11)之间的角度与均匀分布偏离一交叉角度。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的转子支架,其特征在于,从所述容纳区域(10)、承载区域(20)或传感器轮(30)中选出的至少两个部件一体式地构造。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的转子支架,其特征在于,联轴器装置(C)的一侧与所述容纳区域(10)和/或所述承载区域(20)的内圆周面不可相对转动地连接。
12.一种电机,其具有根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的转子支架。
13.根据权利要求12所述的电机,其特征在于,在所述转子支架上设有油坝(16),与定子(S)连接的壳体部分(H)延伸到背离所述传感器轮(30)的轴向端部区域中,并且所述壳体部分(H)具有滴状边缘(E),以便将冷却油引导到所述转子支架的收集空间中。
14.根据权利要求13所述的电机,其特征在于,所述滴状边缘(E)沿圆周方向仅在部分区域上延伸。
15.一种传动系,其包括根据权利要求12至14中任一项所述的电机。
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