CN115306403A - Tunnel tunneling method for preventing rock burst in high stress area - Google Patents
Tunnel tunneling method for preventing rock burst in high stress area Download PDFInfo
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- CN115306403A CN115306403A CN202210963845.5A CN202210963845A CN115306403A CN 115306403 A CN115306403 A CN 115306403A CN 202210963845 A CN202210963845 A CN 202210963845A CN 115306403 A CN115306403 A CN 115306403A
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- hole
- rock burst
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- blasting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunneling, and particularly relates to a tunneling method for preventing rock burst in a high-stress area, which comprises the following steps: predicting the position and scale of the rock burst; excavating to a predicted position according to the rock burst condition, and performing tunneling blasting construction in a mode of forming an elliptic curved face; carrying out blast hole lofting and drilling on the initial flush face, and cleaning all blast holes; filling clay stemming at the bottom of a pre-drilled advanced positioning hole, then placing an energy-collecting explosive package in the advanced positioning hole, and filling clay stemming at the opening of the advanced positioning hole; carrying out classified charging according to blast holes with different depths; after the explosive packages in all the blast holes are arranged, sequentially detonating from inside to outside, wherein the detonating sequence adopts millisecond delay blasting; processing the elliptical curved face formed after blasting, without setting out a second blasthole, and performing next blasthole drilling according to the advanced positioning hole point positions; and (4) propelling the blasting forward every time, and repeating the steps until the blasting-prone section is smoothly passed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunneling, and particularly relates to a tunneling method for preventing rock burst in a high-stress area.
Background
Rock burst is a sudden disaster, seriously threatens the safety of constructors and mechanical equipment, and the current control measures about rock burst mainly comprise water spraying, advanced stress relief blasting, steel fiber concrete spraying, flexible protective net hanging and the like. Therefore, a tunneling method for preventing rock burst in a high stress area is needed to effectively improve the blasting effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tunneling method for preventing rock burst in a high-stress area, which aims to solve the problems and achieve the purpose of improving the blasting effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: a tunneling method for preventing rock burst in a high stress area comprises the following steps:
s1, predicting the position and scale of a rock burst;
s2, excavating to a predicted position according to the rock burst condition, and performing tunneling blasting construction by adopting an elliptic curved face forming mode;
s3, carrying out blast hole lofting and drilling on the initial flush tunnel face, and cleaning all blast holes;
s4, carrying out classified charging according to the blast holes with different depths;
s5, filling clay stemming at the bottom of a pre-drilled advanced positioning hole, then placing an energy-gathering explosive package in the advanced positioning hole, and filling the clay stemming at the opening of the advanced positioning hole;
s6, after the explosive packages in all the blast holes are arranged, sequentially detonating from inside to outside, wherein the detonating sequence adopts millisecond delay blasting;
s7, processing the elliptic curved face formed after blasting, carrying out next round of blast hole drilling according to the advanced positioning hole point positions without carrying out blast hole setting-out again;
and S8, advancing by 2.5-3 m each time of blasting, and repeating S3-S7 until the rock burst easily-occurring section is successfully passed.
Preferably, in step S4, interval, coupling and reverse charging are performed on the blast holes with the depth greater than 3m, and continuous, coupling and reverse charging are performed on the blast holes with the depth less than 3 m.
Preferably, in the step S5, the length of the clay stemming filled at the advanced positioning hole bottom is 180mm to 220mm, and the length of the clay stemming filled at the advanced positioning hole opening is not less than 350mm.
Preferably, in the step S6, a cut hole, an auxiliary hole, an additional hole and a peripheral hole are drilled in the safety area, and the cut hole, the auxiliary hole, the additional hole and the peripheral hole are sequentially detonated by using a detonator of an in-hole delay period, wherein the initiation interval time is 70ms to 100ms.
Preferably, the apertures of the slotted holes are 102mm-152mm, the medicine is not charged, the slotted holes are arranged at the center in a 3X 3 arrangement mode and are numbered by one digit.
Preferably, the auxiliary eyes, the additional eyes and the peripheral eyes are arranged in an annular shape with a diameter of 32-50mm at equal intervals from the center to the outside, the peripheral eyes are properly encrypted to ensure the forming effect, a layer of the additional eyes is added on the inner layer of the peripheral eyes, the peripheral eyes are numbered by two digits, the auxiliary eyes and the additional eyes are numbered by three digits, and the first digit represents the layer number.
Preferably, the depth of each blast hole is determined by determining the coordinates (z, x) of each blast hole on the flush face, and substituting the coordinates into an expression
wherein the long semi-axis is a, the short semi-axis is b, b = R, R is the diameter of the circular tunnel, and a =1-1.3b; the y value found in the expression is the theoretical depth of the blasthole, and the peripheral hole depth on the circular arc contour line is uniformly set to be 1.5m.
Preferably, the undercut hole and the blast hole are respectively increased by 1m and 0.2m on the basis of the theoretical depth of the undercut hole and the blast hole.
Preferably, the energy-gathering explosive package is installed at the intersection point of the design curved surface of the blast hole and the elliptical curved surface tunnel face, the energy-gathering explosive package contains an annular inclined explosive-type cover, and the included angle between the opening of the annular inclined explosive-type cover and the horizontal plane is 40-50 degrees and faces the tangential direction of the intersection point of the curved surfaces.
The invention has the following technical effects: the invention is used as a tunnel tunneling technology for preventing rock burst, mainly solves the rock burst disaster on the tunnel face, adopts the elliptical curved face tunnel face to carry out blasting tunneling, can improve the stress distribution characteristic of surrounding rock on the tunnel face, weakens the stress concentration coefficient, and simultaneously has larger area compared with the traditional flush tunnel face, thereby being beneficial to improving the blasting effect, increasing the return footage and shortening the construction period; furthermore, because the area of the effective free face near the surrounding rock face is larger, the disturbance of blasting on the surrounding rock can be effectively reduced by combining the micro-difference blasting technology, so that the aim of defending the rock burst of the tunnel face is fulfilled.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an elliptic curved face of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a blasting cross section for forming a curved face of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the tunneling of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a shaped charge of the present invention;
wherein, 1, an elliptic curved face shape palm surface; 2. an advanced stress relief hole; 3. positioning holes in advance; 4. annular inclined liner.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the invention provides a tunneling method for preventing rock burst in a high stress area, which comprises the following steps:
s1, predicting the position and scale of a rock burst;
s2, excavating to a predicted position according to the rock burst condition, and performing tunneling blasting construction in an elliptical curved face forming mode;
s3, carrying out blast hole lofting and drilling on the initial flush tunnel face, and cleaning all blast holes; performing blast hole lofting and drilling on the flush tunnel face according to design data, wherein a large-scale hydraulic drilling machine is suitable for large-diameter cut holes, other charge holes are selected according to the depth of the blast hole, and a fan is required to clear the hole after the blast hole is drilled;
s4, carrying out classified charging according to blast holes with different depths;
s5, filling clay stemming at the bottom of the pre-drilled advance positioning hole 3, then placing an energy-gathering explosive package in the advance positioning hole 3, and filling clay stemming at the opening of the advance positioning hole 3;
s6, after the explosive packages in all the blast holes are arranged, sequentially detonating from inside to outside, wherein the detonating sequence adopts millisecond delay blasting; after the blasting is finished, organizing and removing slag, and spraying water to the elliptical curved face in a proper amount;
s7, processing the elliptical curved face formed after blasting, without setting out a second blasthole, and drilling next blasthole according to the 3-point position of the advanced positioning hole;
and S8, after the oval curved face tunnel face is formed by blasting, each time of blasting is forwards propelled by 2.5-3 m, and S3-S7 are repeated until the tunnel face smoothly passes through a rock burst easily-occurring section.
The invention is explained aiming at the common circular arch tunnel of the engineering, and all the design contents should meet the requirements of the relevant specifications and engineering technology; the invention mainly adopts the elliptical curved face tunnel face to carry out tunnel blasting tunneling so as to achieve the purposes of improving the stress distribution characteristics of surrounding rocks and reducing the occurrence probability of rock burst; the purpose of using clay stemming is to prevent the pilot hole from dissipating detonation wave energy.
In step 4, according to the different depths of each layer of blast holes, in order to improve the utilization rate of the blast holes and the undercutting effect, interval, coupling and reverse charging are adopted for the blast holes with the depth of more than 3m, and continuous, coupling and reverse charging are adopted for the blast holes with the depth of less than 3 m; in order to reduce the damage of blasting to surrounding rocks, non-coupling charging is adopted for the peripheral holes and the additional holes.
In a further optimization scheme, in the step S5, the length of the clay stemming filled at the bottom of the advanced positioning hole 3 is 200mm, and the length of the clay stemming filled at the opening of the advanced positioning hole 3 is not less than 350mm.
In the step S6, a cutting hole, an auxiliary hole, an additional hole and a peripheral hole are drilled in the safety area, the cutting hole, the auxiliary hole, the additional hole and the peripheral hole are detonated sequentially by using a detonator in an in-hole delay section, the detonation interval time is 50 ms-100 ms, and 75 ms-100 ms is preferably selected because the cutting hole is deeper.
According to the further optimization scheme, the cutting mode is a straight-hole cutting mode, cutting holes are formed, the hole diameter of each cutting hole is 102mm or 152mm, charging is not conducted, the cutting holes are arranged in the center in a 3 x 3 arrangement mode, and numbering is conducted by using one digit.
According to the further optimization scheme, the auxiliary eyes, the additional eyes and the peripheral eyes are 32-50mm in diameter and are annularly arranged from the center to the outside in an equidistant proportion, the peripheral eyes are properly encrypted in order to ensure the forming effect, a layer of the additional eyes is added to the inner layer of the peripheral eyes, the peripheral eyes are numbered in two digits, the auxiliary eyes and the additional eyes are numbered in three digits, and the first digit represents the layer number.
In a further optimized scheme, in a three-dimensional space taking the circle center of the traditional flush face as the origin of coordinates, the analytic function expression of the elliptical curved face is as follows:
the depth of each blast hole needs to be determined on the level tunnel face firstly, and then the coordinates z and x of each blast hole are substituted into an expression
wherein the long semi-axis is a, the short semi-axis is b, b = R, R is the diameter of the circular tunnel, and a =1-1.3b; the y value obtained in the expression is the theoretical depth of the blast hole, and the depth of the peripheral holes on the circular arc contour line is uniformly set to be 5m.
Further optimizing the scheme, the cutting holes and the blast holes are respectively increased by 1m and 0.2m on the basis of the theoretical depth of the cutting holes and the blast holes; the undercut hole is used as an advanced stress release hole 1 and the blast hole is used as an advanced positioning hole 3, the advanced stress release hole 1 mainly releases high stress at the end part of the major semi-axis of the oval tunnel face, and the advanced positioning hole 3 is convenient for next blast hole positioning and also has the function of releasing tunnel face stress.
According to the further optimization scheme, the energy-gathering explosive package is arranged at the intersection point of the blast hole and the designed curved surface of the elliptical curved surface tunnel face, the energy-gathering explosive package contains an annular inclined shaped charge cover 4, the included angle between the opening of the annular inclined shaped charge cover 4 and the horizontal plane is 40-50 degrees, and the included angle faces the tangential direction of the intersection point of the curved surfaces. The purpose of the energy-gathering medicine bag is to facilitate the forming of the palm surface and increase the smoothness of the formed palm surface.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A tunneling method for preventing rock burst in a high stress area is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, predicting the position and scale of a rock burst;
s2, excavating to a predicted position according to the rock burst condition, and performing tunneling blasting construction in an elliptical curved face forming mode;
s3, carrying out blast hole lofting and drilling on the initial flush tunnel face, and cleaning all blast holes;
s4, carrying out classified charging according to the blast holes with different depths;
s5, filling clay stemming at the bottom of a pre-drilled advance positioning hole (3), then placing an energy-gathering explosive package in the advance positioning hole (3), and filling the clay stemming at the opening of the advance positioning hole (3);
s6, after the explosive packages in all the blast holes are arranged, sequentially detonating from inside to outside, wherein the detonating sequence adopts millisecond delay blasting;
s7, processing the elliptical curved face formed after blasting, without setting out a second blasthole, and drilling next blasthole according to the point position of the advanced positioning hole (3);
and S8, advancing by 2.5-3 m each time of blasting, and repeating S3-S7 until the rock burst easily-occurring section is successfully passed.
2. The tunneling method for preventing rock burst in high stress area according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step S4, interval, coupling and reverse charging are adopted for the blast holes with the depth of more than 3m, and continuous, coupling and reverse charging are adopted for the blast holes with the depth of less than 3 m.
3. The tunneling method for preventing rock burst in high stress area according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step S5, the length of the clay stemming filled at the bottom of the advance positioning hole (3) is 180-220 mm, and the length of the clay stemming filled at the opening of the advance positioning hole (3) is not less than 350mm.
4. The tunneling method for preventing rock burst in the high-stress area according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step S6, a cut hole, an auxiliary hole, an additional hole and a peripheral hole are drilled in the safety area, the cut hole, the auxiliary hole, the additional hole and the peripheral hole are sequentially detonated by using a detonator in a delay period in the hole, and the detonation interval time is 70-100 ms.
5. The tunneling method for preventing rock burst in high stress area according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the hole diameter of the undercut hole is 102mm-152mm, the charge is not carried out, the undercut hole is arranged at the center in a 3 x 3 arrangement mode, and numbering is carried out by one digit.
6. The tunneling method for preventing rock burst in high stress area according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the auxiliary eyes, the additional eyes and the peripheral eyes are 32-50mm in diameter and are annularly arranged from the center to the outside at equal intervals, the peripheral eyes are properly encrypted in order to ensure the forming effect, a layer of the additional eyes is added on the inner layer of the peripheral eyes, the peripheral eyes are numbered by two digits, the auxiliary eyes and the additional eyes are numbered by three digits, and the first digit represents the layer number.
7. The tunneling method for preventing rock burst in high stress area according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the depth of each blast hole needs to be determined on the flush face, and then the coordinates (z, x) of each blast hole are substituted into an expression
wherein the long semi-axis is a, the short semi-axis is b, b = R, R is the diameter of the circular tunnel, and a =1-1.3b; the y value found in the expression is the theoretical depth of the blasthole, and the peripheral hole depth on the circular arc contour line is uniformly set to be 1.5m.
8. The tunneling method for preventing rock burst in high stress area according to claim 7, characterized by comprising the following steps: the undercut hole and the blast hole are respectively increased by 1m and 0.2m on the basis of the theoretical depth of the undercut hole and the blast hole.
9. The tunneling method for preventing rock burst in the high-stress area according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the energy-gathering explosive package is arranged at the intersection point of the design curved surface of the blast hole and the elliptical curved surface tunnel face, the energy-gathering explosive package is internally provided with an annular inclined explosive-type cover (4), and the included angle between the opening where the annular inclined explosive-type cover (4) is located and the horizontal plane is 40-50 degrees and faces the tangential direction of the intersection point of the curved surfaces.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210963845.5A CN115306403A (en) | 2022-08-11 | 2022-08-11 | Tunnel tunneling method for preventing rock burst in high stress area |
| NL2032914A NL2032914B1 (en) | 2022-08-11 | 2022-08-31 | Tunnelling method for preventing rock burst in high stress area |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210963845.5A CN115306403A (en) | 2022-08-11 | 2022-08-11 | Tunnel tunneling method for preventing rock burst in high stress area |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115306403A true CN115306403A (en) | 2022-11-08 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210963845.5A Withdrawn CN115306403A (en) | 2022-08-11 | 2022-08-11 | Tunnel tunneling method for preventing rock burst in high stress area |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN115306403A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL2032914B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101560882B (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2011-10-05 | 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 | Digging method for preventing strong or strong rock burst on active face |
| CN102927867B (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-11-05 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Vibration absorbing method for cut presplitting blasting |
| CN102937399B (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-12-03 | 武汉大学 | Stress relief blasting method based on ground stress transient release |
| CN105333779A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-02-17 | 安徽理工大学 | Different-level millisecond underholing blasting technology for hard rock tunnel |
| CN110514079B (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-09-14 | 中交路桥建设有限公司 | Right-angled triangle presplitting cut method |
| CN113154969A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-07-23 | 西南交通大学 | High-ground-stress rock burst area combined control blasting structure and blasting method |
-
2022
- 2022-08-11 CN CN202210963845.5A patent/CN115306403A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-08-31 NL NL2032914A patent/NL2032914B1/en active
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| NL2032914B1 (en) | 2023-03-31 |
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Application publication date: 20221108 |