CN115305939A - Active pile-raft foundation settlement coordination structure and construction method - Google Patents
Active pile-raft foundation settlement coordination structure and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 143
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 143
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/10—Deep foundations
- E02D27/12—Pile foundations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/01—Flat foundations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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Abstract
The invention provides an active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure and a construction method. The pile-raft foundation structure comprises a raft foundation, a pile foundation and a settlement coordination device; the pile foundation is positioned below the middle part of the raft foundation, the upper part of the pile foundation is embedded into the raft foundation, and a grouting cavity and a jack working cavity which are mutually separated are arranged between the top surface of the pile foundation and the variable-section raft; the settlement coordination device comprises a hydraulic jack arranged in a jack working cavity, a grouting pipe extending into the grouting cavity, and an exhaust and slurry overflow pipe, wherein a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor are arranged on the jacking surface of the hydraulic jack. According to the invention, the bracket structure is in contact with the variable cross-section part of the raft to bear horizontal shear bearing capacity, the rigidity distribution characteristic of the foundation is adjusted by controlling the settlement coordination device, and micro-expansion self-leveling concrete is injected into the adjusting cavity after the settlement of the building tends to be stable or within a preset change interval value, so that the piles and the raft foundation form a whole again, and the safety of the building structure is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pile-raft foundation structures of buildings, in particular to an active pile-raft foundation settlement coordination structure and a construction method.
Technical Field
The pile-raft foundation has the advantages of high bearing capacity, good integrity and the like, and is a foundation form widely used by high-rise buildings at present. The cast-in-place pile is a foundation support structure formed by adopting processes of slurry dado, manual excavation and the like, concrete is cast in through a built-in reinforcement cage, a cast-in-place pile, a immersed tube cast-in-place pile and the like are common, and the cast-in-place pile has the advantages of no vibration, no soil extrusion and low noise and is widely applied to the fields of high-rise and super high-rise. The conventional piled raft foundation piles are directly and rigidly connected with the raft plates, and all loads are borne by the rigidity of the raft plates and the pile foundations. In order to realize the load of a high-rise building, the thickness of the raft is increased by adopting a method for increasing the thickness of the raft; the pile foundation adopts the adjustment of pile length, pile diameter and pile distance to increase the supporting rigidity. Under the influence of the superstructure and geological conditions, the adjusting range of the rigidly connected raft foundation and pile foundation structure is limited, and the construction investment and the construction difficulty are increased.
According to the research result at the present stage, the bearing effect of the foundation is fully and reasonably played, meanwhile, the differential settlement is reduced, the optimization direction of the high-rise building foundation design is adopted, the variable stiffness leveling is carried out by utilizing the combined action of the structure, the foundation and the foundation, the bearing stiffness of the foundation can have harmony with the load distribution characteristic generated by the upper structure, the differential settlement of the foundation is reduced as much as possible, and meanwhile, the foundation has the stiffness distribution characteristic capable of being manually adjusted, namely, the active stiffness leveling design concept is provided. Based on the above-mentioned viewpoint, how to design a man-made controllable and effective piled raft foundation structure for reducing differential settlement becomes a difficult problem encountered in engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the main problems and research results of differential settlement of the existing piled raft foundation, the invention provides an active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure and a construction method.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides an active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure, which comprises a raft foundation and a pile foundation, wherein the bottom surface of the raft foundation is separated from a foundation by a cushion layer, and the active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure is characterized in that: the raft foundation comprises a straight section raft and a ladder-type variable cross-section raft with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, the pile foundation comprises a reinforced concrete pile body, a central boss arranged on a pile top and a plurality of bracket structures annularly and symmetrically arranged around the central boss, the top surface height of each bracket structure is lower than that of the central boss, the pile foundation is positioned below the variable cross-section raft, the central boss and the plurality of bracket structures are embedded into the variable cross-section raft, a grouting cavity is formed between the top surface of the central boss and the bottom surface of the raft foundation, a jack working cavity is formed between the bracket structures and the raft foundation, and the grouting cavity and the jack working cavity are separated by a partition plate; the bottom of the variable cross-section raft is provided with a raft reserved steel bar extending into the grouting cavity, and the top surface of a central boss of the pile foundation is provided with a pile top reserved steel bar lapped with the raft reserved steel bar; subside coordination device including lay a plurality of hydraulic jack in jack working chamber and stretch into slip casting intracavity's slip casting pipe, exhaust excessive thick liquid pipe from raft foundation top surface, hydraulic jack corresponds the setting at every bracket structure, and hydraulic jack's jacking face is equipped with pressure sensor and displacement sensor, and raft foundation top surface is stretched out to hydraulic pressure oil pipe of every hydraulic jack.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: the straight section raft is the less department of atress, the section raft of variable cross is narrow notch cuttype thickening structure down for the width, is in the comparatively concentrated position of atress, the pile foundation structure imbeds section raft middle part region of variable cross, the jack working chamber separates section raft and pile foundation and guarantees whole raft foundation and pile foundation and displacement in vertical direction.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: and injecting micro-expansion self-leveling concrete with a high strength grade into the pile top reserved steel bars at the top of the pile foundation and the raft reserved steel bars at the bottom of the raft foundation through grouting holes in the variable section of the raft foundation after the settlement of the building tends to be stable so as to form a pile-raft integral structure.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: the top surfaces of the jack working cavity and the grouting cavity are provided with upper steel backing plates, the cavity wall of the jack working cavity is provided with a sealing rubber pad, the bottom surface of the jack working cavity is provided with a lower steel backing plate, the thickness of the upper steel backing plate on the top surface of the jack working cavity is larger than that of the upper steel backing plate on the top surface of the grouting cavity, the contact part of the upper steel backing plate on the top surface of the jack working cavity and the pressure sensor is provided with a foam material seam gasket, and the upper steel backing plate on the top surface of the grouting cavity is provided with a hole through which a steel bar can pass through the exhaust and grouting pipe, the grouting pipe and a raft reserved steel bar; the signal wires of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor extend out of the raft foundation along the adjacent holes and are in signal connection with an external control system; the baffle is vertical annular steel sheet, and its upper end and the upper steel backing plate edge welding of slip casting chamber top surface, the lower extreme extends to lower floor steel backing plate along central boss both sides to and lower floor steel backing plate between reserve the settlement space.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: a positioning bolt for mounting a hydraulic jack is arranged at the center of the lower steel base plate; the hydraulic jack comprises a cylinder body, a piston, a hydraulic oil connector, a hydraulic oil pipe, a hydraulic oil flexible pipe, a jack-flexible pipe quick joint and a flexible pipe-rigid pipe quick joint, and the hydraulic jack cylinder body is fixed to the top of the bracket structure through a positioning bolt; the piston is of a short-stroke structure, a bolt hole for mounting a bolt is reserved in the top of the piston, and the piston is pre-ejected for a certain stroke and then is fixedly connected with a pressure sensor induction head through the bolt; the hydraulic oil interface is positioned at the lower part of the side body of the cylinder body, is provided with a threaded interface and is connected with a hydraulic oil flexible pipe through a jack-flexible pipe quick joint; the jack-flexible pipe quick joint is arranged in a male-female port, the hydraulic oil pipe is an L-shaped hydraulic oil rigid pipe and is vertically embedded in the raft plate at the section, the top of the hydraulic oil rigid pipe is exposed out of the ground and can be connected with hydraulic oil pump equipment, and the bottom end of the hydraulic oil rigid pipe penetrates through the sealing rubber pad and extends into the jack working cavity and is connected with a hydraulic oil interface through the hydraulic oil flexible pipe; the displacement sensor is of a self-resetting structure with a built-in spring and is vertically fixed between the side surface of the piston of the hydraulic jack, namely the top of the cylinder body, and the pressure sensor.
The invention has the advantages that: the partition plate is provided with a contact surface with the pile top part and a settlement space is reserved between the partition plate and the bracket structure; four exhaust slurry overflow pipes are arranged and are respectively positioned at the connecting line of the circle center of the hydraulic jack piston and the center of the pile plane circle, and the holes are tightly attached to the partition plate; one grouting pipe is arranged and is positioned at the circle center of the grouting cavity; and the reserved reinforcing steel bars of the raft plate penetrate through the upper steel backing plate and are welded with the upper steel backing plate in the circumferential direction.
The invention has the advantages that: the bracket structure of pile bolck is equipped with everywhere, and the hoop symmetric distribution is at the outer fringe of center boss, and the distance of bracket structure top surface apart from center boss top surface is 80 ~ 120mm, at the pre-buried lower floor steel tie plate in bracket structure top, sealing rubber pad extends to bracket structure and raft foundation's contact surface.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention also provides a construction method of the active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
s1, excavation construction: leveling a field, measuring, positioning and paying off, excavating the field to a preset elevation of a raft plate at a variable cross-section, excavating a pile foundation part to the bottom elevation of a pile top bracket structure, and performing foundation pit slope-releasing protection at the joint of a pile and the raft plate to complete cushion layer construction at the preset elevation position;
s2, construction of a cast-in-place pile: constructing a cast-in-place pile to form a hole, erecting a mold at a bracket structure and a central boss part of the pile top, embedding lower-layer steel base plates on the top surface of the bracket structure, and enabling the lower-layer steel base plates embedded at the tops of all the bracket structures to be on the same horizontal plane; hoisting the welded pile body reinforcement cage to a preset cast-in-place pile hole, binding reinforcing steel bars of a bracket structure on the side face of the pile body, pouring pile body concrete, the concrete of the bracket structure and the concrete of a central boss to a preset elevation, and reserving reinforcing steel bars on the top face of the central boss;
s3, constructing a settlement coordination device; after the concrete pile body, the central boss and the bracket structure are maintained, sequentially installing a hydraulic jack, a pressure sensor and a high-precision displacement sensor which pass the test in advance, fixing a cylinder body of the hydraulic jack on the top surface of the bracket structure, and installing the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor at a piston end of the hydraulic jack; after a piston of a hydraulic jack is pushed to a preset height in a pressurizing and pushing mode, an oil valve of external oil pump equipment is locked, an upper steel base plate is placed, a vertical annular steel partition plate is welded at the bottom of the upper steel base plate, a central boss is clamped through the vertical annular steel partition plate, a proper settling space is reserved between the upper steel base plate and a lower steel base plate on the top surface of the bracket structure, a sealing rubber pad is installed on the outer edge of the upper steel base plate, and the sealing rubber pad extends to the outer side of the bracket structure from the upper steel base plate; the upper steel backing plate, the inner wall of the vertical annular steel partition plate and the top surface of the central boss are enclosed to form a grouting cavity, the upper steel backing plate, the outer wall of the vertical annular steel partition plate and the sealing rubber pad are enclosed to form a jack working cavity, and a hydraulic oil pipe of the hydraulic jack, signal wires of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor extend out of the jack working cavity from the sealing rubber pad and extend to a region outside the raft foundation; holes which can pass through the exhaust and exhaust slurry overflow pipes, the grouting pipes and the raft reserved steel bars are reserved in the upper steel base plate, the grouting pipes and the exhaust and exhaust slurry overflow pipes pass through the upper steel base plate from the top surface of the raft foundation and are vertically inserted into the grouting cavities, the raft reserved steel bars are inserted into other reserved holes in the upper steel base plate, and the raft reserved steel bars and the upper rigid base plate are welded and connected;
s4, raft foundation construction: s3, binding raft foundation steel bars and pouring the raft foundation steel bars to a preset elevation position after construction is finished;
s5, settlement monitoring: connecting signal lines of a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor with an external signal acquisition module, connecting a hydraulic oil pipe of each hydraulic jack with a hydraulic pump, arranging an independent control valve on the hydraulic oil pipe, connecting the acquisition module and the hydraulic pump with the control module, acquiring a pressure value monitored by the pressure sensor and a settlement value monitored by the displacement sensor in real time through the signal acquisition module, transmitting a signal to the control module, and controlling the hydraulic pump to actively and accurately adjust the stress values of all pile and raft foundations by the control module according to the acquired data through the hydraulic jacks;
s6, grouting construction: when the settlement of the building tends to the preset change interval value, locking a hydraulic jack oil valve, connecting a grouting pipe into a grouting pump, injecting micro-expansion self-leveling concrete which is higher than the raft pile foundation by one mark towards a grouting cavity through the grouting pipe, observing the grouting condition through an exhaust overflow pipe, and cleaning all pipelines at the top of the raft foundation after the grouting is finished and the concrete maintenance is finished.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: in the step S2, the central boss is a circular boss, four bracket structures are constructed, the four bracket structures are symmetrically distributed on the outer edge of the central boss, and the top surface of each bracket structure is 80-120 mm lower than that of the central boss; the four hydraulic jacks in the step S3 are correspondingly arranged on the lower-layer steel base plate on the top surface of each corbel structure, and the hydraulic oil pipe of each hydraulic jack is a steel hydraulic pipe and is connected with the hydraulic oil inlet of the hydraulic jack through a hydraulic oil flexible pipe; the grouting pipe is arranged at the central part of the grouting cavity, and four exhaust and overflow pipes are uniformly distributed at the outer edge of the grouting pipe; the hydraulic oil pipe, the grouting pipe and the exhaust and slurry overflow pipe are fixed and extend out of the raft foundation in a vertical state, and anti-corrosion measures are taken for all pipelines.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the settlement monitoring process in the step S5 is to monitor a plurality of piled raft foundations of the same building simultaneously; and (4) constructing each piled raft foundation according to the steps S1-S4, and after the construction is finished, connecting all pressure sensors and displacement sensors of the piled raft foundation structure to be settled and coordinated to a control module through a signal acquisition module, and connecting all hydraulic pumps of hydraulic jacks of the piled raft foundation structure to be settled and coordinated to the control module.
The passive leveling device is suitable for the field of buildings adopting piled raft foundation structures, and is designed aiming at various limiting problems of the application of the standard and the existing passive leveling device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the settlement coordination device is arranged at the connecting part of the pile and raft foundation piles and raft plates needing to be leveled, and a scheme of automatically controlling or manually controlling the oil supply of the hydraulic jack by a computer can be arranged according to data acquired by the sensor, so that the settlement coordination is more reliable and controllable.
2. The invention adopts the active settlement coordination device, and overcomes the problems that the passive settlement coordination device in the piled raft foundation structure needs to adjust the rigidity in advance according to the bearing and deformation settings, the rigidity parameters can not be adjusted after installation, and the parameter setting greatly depends on the accuracy of the piled raft foundation design technology, so that the passive piled raft foundation depends on too high pre-calculation and arrangement planning, and the application of the passive piled raft foundation to complex structural body types and foundation soil layer structures is limited.
3. According to the invention, the side surface of the top of the pile foundation is provided with the bracket structure, so that on one hand, the bracket structure can be used for bearing the counter force of the hydraulic jack, on the other hand, the bracket structure is in contact with the stepped raft foundation structure to bear the load from the horizontal direction, and the defect that the horizontal shearing resistance capability is not considered in the settlement coordination design in many optimization schemes is overcome.
4. The four jacks are adopted, so that on one hand, the pushing displacement of each azimuth oil pump is respectively controlled to enable settlement adjustment to be more accurate, on the other hand, the four-direction combination body can enable the bearing capacity to be larger, the adjustment capacity to be stronger and a better effect to be realized in a limited operation space; in addition to the above, the jack apparatus of each oil passage is provided with a control oil valve, respectively, so that the displacement amount of the jack piston can be locked in an emergency.
5. In the invention, the hydraulic jack oil valve is locked when the building settlement cooperation tends to be stable or within a preset change interval value, the grouting pipe is connected to inject high-grade micro-expansion self-leveling concrete into the settlement adjusting cavity, and the grouting condition is observed by the exhaust and overflow pipe, so that the piles and the raft foundation form an integral structure again to work.
The pile-raft foundation is temporarily separated, a bracket structure is used for contacting and bearing a variable cross section part of the raft foundation to bear horizontal shear bearing capacity, a settlement coordination device mainly comprising a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, a hydraulic jack and acquisition and oil pump equipment is used, the rigidity distribution characteristic of the foundation is adjusted through manual or computer automatic control, and high-grade micro-expansion self-leveling concrete is injected into a settlement adjusting cavity after the settlement coordination of a building tends to be stable or within a preset variation interval value, so that the pile and the raft foundation form a whole again. The invention can be used in the engineering of adopting the pile-raft foundation of the cast-in-place pile structure, the whole structure construction is convenient, the adjusting effect is better, the safety of the building structure is improved, the life and property safety of personnel is effectively protected, and the economic and social benefits are better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the vertical structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the connection between the piled raft foundation and the piled foundation;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the jack working chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the hydraulic jack of the present invention;
fig. 6 to 10 are schematic views of the construction process of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-raft foundation, 101-straight section raft, 102-variable cross section raft, 103-raft reserved steel bar, 2-cushion layer, 3-pile foundation, 300-central boss, 301-pile top reserved steel bar, 302-bracket structure, 303-reinforced concrete pile body, 4-foundation, 5-jack working chamber, 6-hydraulic jack, 601-cylinder body, 602-piston, 603-hydraulic oil interface, 7-sealing rubber pad, 8-lower steel backing plate, 9-hydraulic oil pipe, 10-exhaust overflow pipe, 11-grouting pipe, 12-grouting chamber, 13-upper steel backing plate, 14-displacement sensor, 15-pressure sensor, 16-hydraulic oil flexible pipe, 17-jack-flexible pipe quick connector, 18-flexible pipe-rigid pipe quick connector, 19-partition plate, 20-grouting filling layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples. Fig. 1 to 10 are drawings of embodiments, which are drawn in a simplified manner and are provided only for the purpose of clearly and concisely illustrating embodiments of the present invention. The following claims presented in the drawings are specific to embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", "left", "right", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally placed when the present invention is used, or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be further noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" and the like are to be broadly construed, for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; the connection may be direct or indirect via an intermediate medium, and may be a communication between the two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
An embodiment provides an active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure, and particularly as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the piled raft foundation structure comprises an upper raft foundation 1, a lower pile foundation 3 and a settlement coordination device positioned between the raft foundation 1 and the pile foundation 3, wherein the bottom surfaces of the raft foundations 1 are separated by bedding layer 2 foundations 4; raft foundation 1 includes straight section raft 101 and narrow notch cuttype variable cross section raft 102 down from top to bottom, straight section raft 101 is the less department of atress, variable cross section raft 102 is narrow notch cuttype thickening structure down from top to bottom, is in the atress and comparatively concentrates the position, the pile bolck of pile foundation 3 is equipped with four bracket structures 302 of circular shape central boss 300 and hoop symmetrical arrangement around central boss 300, and the top surface height that bracket structure 302 was less than central boss 300 about the top surface height 100 mm. The pile foundations 3 are positioned below the variable cross-section raft 102, the structures of the pile foundations 3 are embedded into the middle area of the variable cross-section raft 102, the central boss 300 and the four bracket structures 302 are embedded into the variable cross-section raft 102, a cylindrical grouting cavity 12 is formed between the top surface of the central boss 300 and the bottom surface of the raft foundation 1, a jack working cavity 5 is formed between the bracket structures 302 and the raft foundation 1, and the grouting cavity 12 and the jack working cavity 5 are separated by a cylindrical partition plate 19; the bottom of the variable cross-section raft 102 close to the grouting cavity 12 is provided with raft reserved steel bars 103 extending into the grouting cavity 12, the top surface of the pile foundation 3 is provided with pile top reserved steel bars 301 lapped with the raft reserved steel bars 103, and the pile top reserved steel bars 301 are distributed on the top surface of the central boss 300. The jack working cavity 5 separates the variable-section raft 102 from the pile foundation 3 and ensures that the integral raft foundation 1 and the pile foundation 3 move in the vertical direction, and the pile top reserved steel bars 301 are arranged at the position, right opposite to the top of the pile foundation 3, of the bottom of the variable-section raft 102. And after the settlement of the building tends to be stable, pile top reserved steel bars 301 at the top of the pile foundation 3 and raft reserved steel bars 103 at the bottom of the raft foundation 1 are filled with high-strength-grade micro-expansion self-leveling concrete through grouting holes 11 in the variable cross-section raft 102, and then the pile foundation 3 and the raft foundation 1 are connected into an integral structure.
The embodiment provides an active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure, and particularly, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the settlement coordination device comprises four hydraulic jacks 6 arranged in a jack working cavity 5, a grouting pipe 11 extending into a grouting cavity 12 from the top surface of a raft foundation 1 and an exhaust and slurry overflow pipe 10, wherein the hydraulic jacks with the cylinder height of 130mm, the piston stroke of 100mm and the tonnage of 150t are selected according to the engineering condition; the jacking surface of each hydraulic jack 6 is provided with a pressure sensor 15 and a displacement sensor 14, and a hydraulic oil pipe 9 of each hydraulic jack 6 extends out of the top surface of the raft foundation 1. Four exhaust slurry overflow pipes 10 are respectively arranged at the connecting line position of the circle center of the hydraulic jack piston 602 and the center of the pile plane circle, and the holes are tightly attached to the partition plate 19; the grouting pipe 11 is arranged at the circle center of the grouting cavity 12; the raft reserved steel bars 103 penetrate through the upper steel backing plate 13 and are welded with the upper steel backing plate 13 in the annular direction. The four bracket structures 302 are circularly and symmetrically distributed on the outer edge of the central boss 300, a lower steel base plate 8 is embedded in the top of each bracket structure 302, a positioning bolt for mounting a hydraulic jack 6 is arranged in the center of the lower steel base plate 8, and the hydraulic jack 6 is fixed on each bracket structure 302 through a bolt so as to accurately determine the position of the hydraulic jack 600; and a sealing rubber pad 7 is arranged on the cavity wall of the jack working cavity 5, and the sealing rubber pad 7 extends to the contact surface of the bracket structure 302 and the raft foundation 1. Be equipped with upper steel backing plate 13 at jack working chamber 5 and grouting cavity 12 top surface, baffle 19 is vertical annular steel sheet, and its upper end and the upper steel backing plate 13 edge weld of grouting cavity 12 top surface, the lower extreme extends to lower floor's steel backing plate 8 along central boss 300 both sides to and reserve the subsidence space between the lower floor's steel backing plate 8, baffle 19 and pile bolck position have the contact surface and reserve the subsidence space with bracket structure 302, avoid the slip casting material to enter into jack working chamber 5 when can guaranteeing the slip casting. The thickness of the upper steel base plate on the top surface of the jack working cavity 5 is larger than that of the upper steel base plate on the top surface of the grouting cavity 12, a foam material cushion seam is adopted at the contact part of the upper steel base plate on the top surface of the jack working cavity 5 and the pressure sensor 15, and a hole which can penetrate through the exhaust overflow pipe 10, the grouting pipe 11 and the raft reserved steel bar 103 is reserved in the upper steel base plate 13 on the top surface of the grouting cavity 12; the signal lines of the pressure sensor 15 and the displacement sensor 14 extend out of the raft foundation 1 along the adjacent holes and are in signal connection with an external control system.
In the active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure provided in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the hydraulic jack 6 includes a cylinder 601, a piston 602, a hydraulic oil port 603, a hydraulic oil pipe 9, a hydraulic oil flexible pipe 16, a jack-flexible pipe quick coupling 17, and a flexible pipe-rigid pipe quick coupling 18, and the hydraulic jack cylinder 601 is fixed on the top of the corbel structure 302 through a positioning bolt; the piston 602 is of a short stroke structure, a bolt hole for mounting a bolt is reserved at the top of the piston, and the piston is pre-ejected out for a stroke of 60-80 mm and then is fixedly connected with an induction head of the pressure sensor 15 through the bolt; the hydraulic oil interface 603 is positioned at the lower part of the side body of the cylinder body 601, is provided with a threaded interface, and is connected with the hydraulic oil flexible pipe 16 through a jack-flexible pipe quick joint 17; the jack-flexible pipe quick connector 17 is arranged in a male-female port, and is fixedly connected by butt joint and screwing of a threaded cap when in use; the hydraulic oil pipe 9-position L-shaped hydraulic oil rigid pipe is vertically embedded in the cross-section raft plate 102, the top of the pipe is exposed out of the ground and can be connected with hydraulic oil pump equipment, the bottom of the pipe penetrates through the sealing rubber gasket 7 and extends into the jack working cavity 5, and the hydraulic oil rigid pipe is connected with the hydraulic oil interface 603 through the hydraulic oil flexible pipe 16, so that the influence of vertical settlement of the pile-raft plate is avoided, and the rubber high-pressure pipe structure is woven by steel wires. The displacement sensor 14 is a self-resetting structure with a built-in spring, the range is 100mm according to the actual engineering situation, the linear precision is +/-1%, and the displacement sensor is vertically fixed on the side surface of the hydraulic jack piston 602, namely between the top of the cylinder 601 and the pressure sensor 15.
The construction method of the invention is further explained by combining a specific embodiment, the embodiment is a residential building with the total height of 99m, the underground layer is a garage, the structural foundation is in the form of a piled raft foundation, and the construction method comprises the following specific construction steps according to the settlement collaborative design of the basement-residential building main body foundation structure adopting the settlement coordinated structure of the piled raft foundation:
s1: excavating construction: leveling the field and measuring, positioning and setting out, as shown in fig. 6, excavating the field to a preset elevation of a raft 102 with a variable section, excavating the part of the pile foundation 3 to the elevation of the bottom 302 of the pile top bracket structure, well protecting the foundation pit slope at the joint of the pile and the raft, and completing the construction of a cushion layer 2 at the preset elevation position;
s2: and (3) construction of a cast-in-place pile: constructing a cast-in-place pile to form holes, as shown in fig. 7, erecting a mold at the positions of four pile bracket structures 302 and a pile top central boss 300, and embedding a lower steel base plate 8 on the top surface of each bracket structure 302, wherein four lower steel base plates 8 need to be horizontally arranged and are on the same plane; hoisting the welded pile body reinforcement cage to a preset cast-in-place pile hole, binding reinforcing steel bars of a bracket structure on the side face of the pile body, pouring a concrete pile body 303, a central boss 300 and a bracket structure 302 to a preset elevation, and reserving pile top reserved reinforcing steel bars 301 on the top face of the central boss 300;
s3: and (3) construction of the settlement coordination device: after the concrete pile body 303, the central boss 300 and the four corbel structures 302 are maintained, sequentially installing a hydraulic jack 6, a pressure sensor 15 and a high-precision displacement sensor 14 which pass tests in advance on the top surface of each corbel structure 302, fixing a cylinder body of the hydraulic jack 6 on a lower steel base plate 8 on the top surface of each corbel structure 302 through bolts, connecting a hydraulic oil interface, a hydraulic oil flexible pipe and a rigid hydraulic oil pipe 9 of the hydraulic jack 6, installing a pressure sensor 15 and a displacement sensor 14 at a piston end of the hydraulic jack 6, installing the pressure sensor 15 on the top surface of a piston of the hydraulic jack 6, and fixing the displacement sensor 14 on the side surface of the piston 602 of the hydraulic jack, namely between the top of the cylinder body 601 and the pressure sensor 15; after the hydraulic jack piston 602 is pressurized and pushed to a preset height, an oil valve of external oil pump equipment is locked, an upper steel base plate 13 is placed, a vertical annular steel partition plate 19 is welded at the bottom of the upper steel base plate 13 and clamped with a main central boss 300 through the vertical annular steel partition plate 19, a proper settling space is reserved between the upper steel base plate and a lower steel base plate 8 on the top surface of the bracket structure 302, a sealing rubber gasket 7 is installed on the outer edge of the upper steel base plate 13, and the sealing rubber gasket 7 extends to the outer side of the bracket structure 302 from the upper steel base plate 13; the upper steel backing plate 13, the inner wall of the vertical annular steel partition plate 19 and the top surface of the central boss 300 enclose to form a grouting cavity 12, the upper steel backing plate 13, the outer wall of the vertical annular steel partition plate 19 and the sealing rubber gasket 7 enclose to form a jack working cavity 5, a hydraulic oil pipe 9 of the hydraulic jack 6 extends out of the jack working cavity 5 from the sealing rubber gasket 7, and the hydraulic oil rigid pipe 9 is a rigid hydraulic pipe and is vertically fixed; the center of the upper layer steel padding plate 13 is provided with a through hole of a grouting pipe 11, four holes capable of penetrating through an exhaust overflow pipe 10 are arranged on the periphery of the upper layer steel padding plate 13, the middle part of the upper layer steel padding plate is dispersedly provided with a plurality of holes penetrating through raft reserved steel bars 103, the grouting pipe 11 penetrates through the upper layer steel padding plate 13 from the center hole of the top surface of the raft foundation 1 and is vertically inserted into a grouting cavity 12, four exhaust overflow pipes 10 penetrate through the corresponding four holes and are inserted into the grouting cavity 12, the pipelines are fixed, all the pipelines are ensured to be in a vertical state, anticorrosion measures are taken for all the pipelines, raft reserved steel bars 103 with preset insertion lengths are inserted into other reserved holes of the upper layer steel padding plate 13, and the raft reserved steel bars 103 are welded with the upper layer steel padding plate 13;
s4, raft foundation construction: s3, after the construction is finished, binding raft foundation steel bars and pouring the raft foundation steel bars to a preset elevation position as shown in fig. 9;
s5, constructing the raft foundation with the rest piles: completing the construction of all the piled raft foundation structures to be subjected to settlement coordination according to the construction method of S1-S4;
s5, settlement monitoring: connecting signal lines of all the pressure sensors and the displacement sensors with an external signal acquisition module, connecting a hydraulic oil pipe of each hydraulic jack with a hydraulic pump, and arranging a control valve on the hydraulic oil pipe; the acquisition module and the hydraulic pump are connected with the control module, the signal acquisition module acquires a pressure value monitored by the pressure sensor and a settlement value monitored by the displacement sensor in real time and transmits signals to the control module, and the control module controls the hydraulic pump according to the acquired data and actively and accurately adjusts the stress values of all piled raft foundations by using the hydraulic jack;
s6: grouting construction: when the building settlement tends to the preset change interval value, as shown in fig. 10, locking a hydraulic jack oil valve, connecting a grouting pipe 11, injecting micro-expansive self-leveling concrete with a mark higher toward a grouting cavity 12, and observing the grouting condition by an exhaust and overflow pipe 10; and after the concrete curing is finished, cleaning all pipelines at the top of the raft.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an active stake raft foundation subsides and coordinates structure, includes raft foundation (1) and pile foundation (3), raft foundation (1) bottom surface is separated its characterized in that through bed course (2) and ground (4): the raft foundation (1) comprises a straight Duan Faban (101) and a stepped variable-section raft (102) with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, the pile foundation (3) comprises a reinforced concrete pile body (303), a central boss (300) arranged on a pile top and a plurality of corbel structures (302) annularly and symmetrically arranged around the central boss (300), the top surface height of each corbel structure (302) is lower than that of the central boss (300), the pile foundation (3) is positioned below the variable-section raft (102), the central boss (300) and the plurality of corbel structures (302) are embedded into the variable-section raft (102), a grouting cavity (12) is formed between the top surface of the central boss (300) and the bottom surface of the raft foundation (1), a jack working cavity (5) is formed between each corbel structure (302) and the raft foundation (1), and the jack working cavity (5) are separated by a partition plate (19); a raft reserved steel bar (103) extending into the grouting cavity (12) is arranged at the part, close to the grouting cavity (12), of the bottom of the variable cross-section raft (102), and a pile top reserved steel bar (301) lapped with the raft reserved steel bar (103) is arranged on the top surface of a central boss (300) of the pile foundation (3); subside coordination device including lay a plurality of hydraulic jack (6) in jack working chamber (5) and stretch into slip casting pipe (11), the excessive thick liquid pipe of exhaust (10) in slip casting chamber (12) from raft foundation (1) top surface, hydraulic jack (6) correspond and set up on every bracket structure (302), the jacking face of hydraulic jack (6) is equipped with pressure sensor (15) and displacement sensor (14), and hydraulic pressure oil pipe (9) of every hydraulic jack (6) stretch out raft foundation (1) top surface.
2. The active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure of claim 1, wherein: the straight Duan Faban (101) is the less department of atress, variable cross section raft (102) is narrow notch cuttype thickening structure down for wide, is in the comparatively concentrated position of atress, pile foundation (3) structure is embedded into variable cross section raft (102) middle part region, jack working chamber (5) separate variable cross section raft (102) and pile foundation (3) and guarantee that whole raft foundation (1) and pile foundation (3) are at vertical direction displacement.
3. An active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: and after the settlement of the building tends to be stable, the pile top reserved steel bars (301) at the top of the pile foundation (3) and the raft reserved steel bars (103) at the bottom of the raft foundation (1) are filled with micro-expansion self-leveling concrete with a high strength grade through grouting holes (11) in the variable section (102) of the raft foundation to form a pile-raft integral structure.
4. An active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: an upper steel base plate (13) is arranged on the top surfaces of the jack working cavity (5) and the grouting cavity (12), a sealing rubber pad (7) is arranged on the cavity wall of the jack working cavity (5), a lower steel base plate (8) is arranged on the bottom surface of the jack working cavity (5), the thickness of the upper steel base plate on the top surface of the jack working cavity (5) is larger than that of the upper steel base plate on the top surface of the grouting cavity (12), a foam material seam is adopted at the contact part of the upper steel base plate on the top surface of the jack working cavity (5) and the pressure sensor (15), and holes through which the exhaust and slurry overflow pipe (10), the grouting pipe (11) and a raft reserved steel bar (103) can pass are reserved in the upper steel base plate (13) on the top surface of the grouting cavity (12); the signal lines of the pressure sensor (15) and the displacement sensor (14) extend out of the raft foundation (1) along the adjacent holes and are in signal connection with an external control system; the baffle (19) is vertical annular steel plate, and its upper end and the upper steel tie plate (13) edge welding of slip casting chamber (12) top surface, the lower extreme extends to lower floor steel tie plate (8) along central boss (300) both sides to with reserve the settlement space between lower floor steel tie plate (8).
5. The active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure of claim 4, wherein: a positioning bolt for mounting the hydraulic jack (6) is arranged at the center of the lower steel base plate (8); the hydraulic jack (6) comprises a cylinder body (601), a piston (602), a hydraulic oil interface (603), a hydraulic oil pipe (9), a hydraulic oil flexible pipe (16), a jack-flexible pipe quick joint (17) and a flexible pipe-rigid pipe quick joint (18), wherein the hydraulic jack cylinder body (601) is fixed on the top of the bracket structure (302) through a positioning bolt; the piston (602) is of a short-stroke structure, a bolt hole for mounting a bolt is reserved in the top of the piston, and the piston is pre-ejected for a certain stroke and then fixedly connected with an induction head of the pressure sensor (15) through the bolt; the hydraulic oil interface (603) is positioned at the lower part of the side body of the cylinder body (601), is provided with a threaded interface and is connected with a hydraulic oil flexible pipe (16) through a jack-flexible pipe quick joint (17); the jack-flexible pipe quick connector (17) is arranged at a male port and a female port, the hydraulic oil pipe (9) is an L-shaped hydraulic oil rigid pipe and is vertically embedded in the raft (102) at the section, the top of the pipe is exposed out of the ground and can be connected with hydraulic oil pump equipment, and the bottom end of the pipe penetrates through the sealing rubber pad (7) and extends into the jack working cavity (5) and is connected with a hydraulic oil interface (603) through the hydraulic oil flexible pipe (16); the displacement sensor (14) is of a self-resetting structure with a built-in spring and is vertically fixed between the side surface of a piston (602) of the hydraulic jack, namely the top of the cylinder body (601), and the pressure sensor (15).
6. The active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure of claim 4, wherein: the partition plate (19) has a contact surface with the pile top part and reserves a sedimentation space with the bracket structure (302); four exhaust slurry overflow pipes (10) are respectively positioned at the connecting line of the circle center of the hydraulic jack piston (602) and the center of the pile plane circle, and the holes are tightly attached to the partition plate (19); one grouting pipe (11) is arranged and is positioned at the circle center of the grouting cavity (12); and the raft reserved steel bars (103) penetrate through the upper steel backing plate (13) and are welded with the upper steel backing plate (13) in the circumferential direction.
7. The active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure of claim 4, wherein: the bracket structure (302) of pile bolck is equipped with everywhere, and the hoop symmetric distribution is at the outer fringe of center boss (300), and the distance of bracket structure (302) top surface apart from center boss (300) top surface is 80 ~ 120mm, at pre-buried lower floor steel backing plate (8) in bracket structure (302) top, sealing rubber pad (7) extend to the contact surface of bracket structure (302) and raft foundation (1).
8. A construction method of an active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised by the specific steps of:
s1, excavation construction: leveling a field, measuring, positioning and setting out, excavating the field to a preset elevation of a raft plate at a section with variable cross section, excavating a pile foundation part to the bottom elevation of a pile top bracket structure, well protecting a foundation pit slope at the joint of a pile and the raft plate, and completing cushion layer construction at the preset elevation position;
s2, construction of a cast-in-place pile: constructing a cast-in-place pile to form a hole, erecting a mold at a bracket structure and a central boss part of the pile top, embedding lower-layer steel base plates on the top surface of the bracket structure, and enabling the lower-layer steel base plates embedded at the tops of all the bracket structures to be on the same horizontal plane; hoisting the welded pile body reinforcement cage to a preset cast-in-place pile hole, binding reinforcing steel bars of a bracket structure on the side face of the pile body, pouring pile body concrete, the concrete of the bracket structure and the concrete of a central boss to a preset elevation, and reserving reinforcing steel bars on the top face of the central boss;
s3, constructing a settlement coordination device; after the concrete pile body, the central boss and the bracket structure are maintained, sequentially installing a hydraulic jack, a pressure sensor and a high-precision displacement sensor which pass tests in advance, fixing a cylinder body of the hydraulic jack on the top surface of the bracket structure, and installing the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor at the piston end of the hydraulic jack; after a piston of the hydraulic jack is pushed to a preset height, an oil valve of external oil pump equipment is locked, an upper steel base plate is placed, a vertical annular steel partition plate is welded at the bottom of the upper steel base plate, a central boss is clamped through the vertical annular steel partition plate, a proper settling space is reserved between the upper steel base plate and a lower steel base plate on the top surface of the bracket structure, a sealing rubber pad is installed at the outer edge of the upper steel base plate, and the sealing rubber pad extends to the outer side of the bracket structure from the upper steel base plate; the upper steel backing plate, the inner wall of the vertical annular steel partition plate and the top surface of the central boss are enclosed to form a grouting cavity, the upper steel backing plate, the outer wall of the vertical annular steel partition plate and the sealing rubber pad are enclosed to form a jack working cavity, and a hydraulic oil pipe of the hydraulic jack, signal wires of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor extend out of the jack working cavity from the sealing rubber pad and extend to a region outside the raft foundation; holes which can pass through the exhaust and exhaust slurry overflow pipes, the grouting pipes and the raft reserved steel bars are reserved in the upper steel base plate, the grouting pipes and the exhaust and exhaust slurry overflow pipes pass through the upper steel base plate from the top surface of the raft foundation and are vertically inserted into the grouting cavities, the raft reserved steel bars are inserted into other reserved holes in the upper steel base plate, and the raft reserved steel bars and the upper rigid base plate are welded and connected;
s4, raft foundation construction: s3, binding raft foundation steel bars and pouring the raft foundation steel bars to a preset elevation position after construction is finished;
s5, settlement monitoring: connecting signal lines of a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor with an external signal acquisition module, connecting a hydraulic oil pipe of each hydraulic jack with a hydraulic pump, arranging an independent control valve on the hydraulic oil pipe, connecting the acquisition module and the hydraulic pump with the control module, acquiring a pressure value monitored by the pressure sensor and a settlement value monitored by the displacement sensor in real time through the signal acquisition module, transmitting a signal to the control module, and controlling the hydraulic pump to actively and accurately adjust the stress values of all pile and raft foundations by the control module according to the acquired data through the hydraulic jacks;
s6, grouting construction: when the settlement of the building tends to the preset change interval value, locking a hydraulic jack oil valve, connecting a grouting pipe into a grouting pump, injecting micro-expansion self-leveling concrete which is higher than the raft pile foundation by one mark towards a grouting cavity through the grouting pipe, observing the grouting condition through an exhaust overflow pipe, and cleaning all pipelines at the top of the raft foundation after the grouting is finished and the concrete maintenance is finished.
9. The construction method of the active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step S2, the central boss is a circular boss, four bracket structures are constructed, the four bracket structures are symmetrically distributed on the outer edge of the central boss, and the top surface of each bracket structure is 80-120 mm lower than that of the central boss; the four hydraulic jacks in the step S3 are correspondingly arranged on the lower-layer steel base plate on the top surface of each corbel structure, and the hydraulic oil pipe of each hydraulic jack is a steel hydraulic pipe and is connected with the hydraulic oil inlet of the hydraulic jack through a hydraulic oil flexible pipe; the four exhaust slurry overflow pipes are uniformly distributed on the outer edge of the grouting pipe; the hydraulic oil pipe, the grouting pipe and the exhaust and slurry overflow pipe are fixed to extend out of the raft foundation in a vertical state, and anti-corrosion measures are taken for all pipelines.
10. The construction method of the active piled raft foundation settlement coordination structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: the settlement monitoring process in the step S5 is to monitor a plurality of piled raft foundations of the same building simultaneously; and (4) constructing each piled raft foundation according to the steps S1-S4, and after the construction is finished, connecting all pressure sensors and displacement sensors of the piled raft foundation structure to be settled and coordinated to a control module through a signal acquisition module, and connecting all hydraulic pumps of hydraulic jacks of the piled raft foundation structure to be settled and coordinated to the control module.
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| CN115305939B (en) | 2023-05-12 |
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