CN115296560A - Extensible piezoelectric vibration energy capture interface circuit based on RC differential - Google Patents

Extensible piezoelectric vibration energy capture interface circuit based on RC differential Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115296560A
CN115296560A CN202210813973.1A CN202210813973A CN115296560A CN 115296560 A CN115296560 A CN 115296560A CN 202210813973 A CN202210813973 A CN 202210813973A CN 115296560 A CN115296560 A CN 115296560A
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tube
capacitor
piezoelectric
energy
differential
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CN202210813973.1A
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夏银水
祁钰耀
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Ningbo University
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Ningbo University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H02N2/181—Circuits; Control arrangements or methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an expandable piezoelectric vibration energy capturing interface circuit based on RC differential, which is characterized by comprising at least one piezoelectric energy acquisition unit, an NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube, a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube, an inductor, a first diode, a second diode, an energy storage capacitor and a load resistor, wherein each piezoelectric energy acquisition unit comprises a piezoelectric transducer, an RC differential module and a peak detection module, each RC differential module comprises a first capacitor and a first resistor, and each peak detection module comprises a second capacitor, a first PNP (plug-and-play) tube, a first NPN (negative-and-positive) tube, a second NPN tube and a second PNP tube; the piezoelectric energy collecting unit has the advantages that in the whole energy capturing period, the current flow direction is always kept consistent, the problem of using conflict of inductors is solved, and the piezoelectric energy collecting unit is expanded as required; when a plurality of piezoelectric energy acquisition units are arranged, the NMOS tubes and the PMOS tubes are controlled by the RC differential modules in the piezoelectric energy acquisition units, so that the multiplication of the number of the switching tubes in each unit and the multiplexing of the MOS tubes are realized.

Description

Extensible piezoelectric vibration energy capture interface circuit based on RC differential
Technical Field
The invention relates to an energy capture interface circuit, in particular to an expandable piezoelectric vibration energy capture interface circuit based on RC differential.
Background
Under the same excitation, the energy provided by the circuit to the load is an important index of the energy capture interface circuit, at present, the most common energy capture interface circuit is provided with a synchronous charge extraction circuit and a synchronous switch inductance circuit, and the synchronous charge extraction circuit has no problem of load correlation, but outputs relatively small maximum power through two-stage energy transmission; the series synchronous switch inductance circuit directly transmits the electric energy accumulated by the piezoelectric transducer to a load end through CLC resonance, the initial voltage at two ends of the piezoelectric transducer is improved, and the output maximum power is obviously superior to that of a synchronous charge extraction circuit.
The synchronous switch of the synchronous switch inductor circuit is closed only when the displacement of the piezoelectric vibrator reaches an extreme value, energy is extracted to the inductor and the energy storage capacitor through 1/4 CLC resonance period, and the energy on the inductor is transmitted to the energy storage capacitor and a parasitic capacitor of the piezoelectric element through another 1/4 CLC resonance period, so that the initial voltage of the piezoelectric element is improved, and the captured energy is increased; however, the directions of the inductive currents of the traditional series synchronous switch inductive circuit in the positive half period and the negative half period are opposite, the time-sharing multiplexing mode can be only adopted for the inductance when the single inductance and the multiple piezoelectricity are expanded, and under the condition that the energy extraction needs to be carried out when the multiple piezoelectricity units reach the peak value at the same time, the positive and negative charges can be offset, so that the capture efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an expandable piezoelectric vibration energy capturing interface circuit based on RC differentiation with less switching tubes, which realizes multiplexing of MOS tubes and has simpler overall structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an expandable piezoelectric vibration energy capture interface circuit based on RC differential comprises at least one piezoelectric energy acquisition unit, an NMOS tube, a PMOS tube, an inductor, a first diode, a second diode, an energy storage capacitor and a load resistor, wherein each piezoelectric energy acquisition unit comprises a piezoelectric transducer, an RC differential module and a peak detection module, the RC differential module comprises a first capacitor and a first resistor, the peak detection module comprises a second capacitor, a first PNP tube, a first NPN tube, a second NPN tube and a second PNP tube, the positive end of the piezoelectric transducer, one end of the first capacitor, the base of the NPN tube, the collector of the first PNP tube, the base of the second NPN tube and the collector of the second PNP tube are connected, the other end of the first capacitor, one end of the first resistor, the grid of the NMOS tube and the grid of the PMOS tube are connected, the emitter of the first PNP transistor and the emitter of the second NPN transistor are connected to one end of the second capacitor, the collector of the first PNP transistor is connected to the base of the first NPN transistor, the collector of the second NPN transistor is connected to the base of the second PNP transistor, the emitter of the first NPN transistor, one end of the inductor, and the cathode of the first diode are connected, the other end of the inductor, one end of the energy storage capacitor, and one end of the load resistor are connected, the emitter of the second PNP transistor, the other end of the energy storage capacitor, the other end of the load resistor, and the anode of the second diode are connected, the anode of the first diode is connected to the source of the NMOS transistor, and the cathode of the second diode is connected to the source of the PMOS transistor, the negative end of the piezoelectric transducer, the other end of the first resistor, the other end of the second capacitor, the drain electrode of the NMOS tube and the drain electrode of the PMOS tube are all grounded.
The number of the piezoelectric energy acquisition units is five. The switch number of the piezoelectric energy acquisition unit is reduced to a half by controlling the NMOS tube and the PMOS tube through the RC differential module, compared with the prior invention, the number of the elements of the whole circuit after expansion is reduced on the basis of using a single inductor, and the volume is further reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the piezoelectric energy acquisition unit has the advantages that the current flow direction is always kept consistent in the whole energy capture period, the problem of inductor use conflict does not exist, time division multiplexing on a single inductor is not needed any more, the piezoelectric energy acquisition unit can be further expanded as required, and the difference of energy required by different application scenes is adapted through simple unit accumulation; when a plurality of piezoelectric energy acquisition units are arranged, the NMOS tubes and the PMOS tubes are controlled by the RC differential modules in the piezoelectric energy acquisition units, so that the multiplication of the number of the switch tubes in each unit and the multiplexing of the MOS tubes are realized, and the power supply device is more suitable for the power supply of the low-power consumption wireless sensor node with a small size.
Energy capture is divided into four stages, firstly, the piezoelectric transducer is in a vibration state, the piezoelectric transducer starts to move from a zero displacement point to a positive maximum displacement point in a positive half period, the peak value detection module detects the voltages of the parasitic capacitance and the second capacitance of the piezoelectric transducer, and when the piezoelectric transducer reaches the positive maximum displacement point, the voltages of the parasitic capacitance and the second capacitance reach the maximum; then, the piezoelectric transducer starts to move in the opposite direction, the parasitic capacitor of the piezoelectric transducer is reversely charged, when the differential pressure between the second capacitor and the parasitic capacitor reaches the conduction voltage drop of the emitter-base electrode of the first PNP tube, the peak value detection module generates a signal to enable the first NPN tube to be conducted, the RC differential module consisting of the first resistor and the first capacitor also generates a signal to enable the PMOS tube to be conducted, a CLC resonance loop is formed by the parasitic capacitor, the inductor and the energy storage capacitor of the piezoelectric transducer, after 1/4 CLC resonance cycles, the electric energy converted by the piezoelectric transducer is transferred to the inductor and the energy storage capacitor, and after 1/4 resonance cycles, the energy stored in the inductor is transferred to the energy storage capacitor and the negative end of the piezoelectric transducer, so that the initial voltage of the work of the negative half-period of the piezoelectric transducer is improved, and the energy conversion efficiency of the negative half-period is improved; during a negative half period, the piezoelectric transducer continues to move to a negative maximum displacement point, charges are continuously accumulated on the parasitic capacitor and the second capacitor, when the displacement reaches an extreme value, the accumulated charge amount reaches the maximum, the peak value detection module continues to detect the voltage at the moment, and the magnitude of the voltage becomes a negative value; and then, the piezoelectric transducer starts to move towards the positive direction, the voltage of the parasitic capacitor is gradually reduced again until the peak detection module detects that the voltage difference between the base electrode and the emitter electrode of the second NPN tube reaches the voltage drop of the conduction tube to generate a signal to conduct the second PNP tube, the RC differential module generates a positive pulse signal opposite to the positive half period to conduct the NMOS tube, the parasitic capacitor, the inductor and the energy storage capacitor of the piezoelectric transducer form a CLC resonant loop again, and the energy converted by the reverse movement is transferred to the positive ends of the energy storage capacitor and the piezoelectric transducer through 1/2 resonant cycles.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the circuit topology of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram according to a first embodiment;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of the second embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in figures 1 and 2, the expandable piezoelectric vibration energy capture interface circuit based on RC differential comprises a piezoelectric energy acquisition unit and an NMOS tubeMnPMOS tubeMpInductorLA first diodeDnA second diodeDpEnergy storage capacitorCrAnd a load resistorRLThe piezoelectric energy acquisition unit comprises a piezoelectric transducer PZT, an RC differential module and a peak detection module, and the RC differential module comprises a first capacitorC der And a first resistorR der The peak detection module comprises a second capacitorC det A first PNP tubeQ 1 A first NPN tubeQ 2 A second NPN transistorQ 3 And a second PNP tubeQ 4 Positive terminal of piezoelectric transducer PZT, first capacitorC der One end of (1), a first PNP tubeQ 1 Base electrode and first NPN tubeQ 2 Collector electrode of the second NPN transistorQ 3 Base electrode and second PNP tubeQ 4 Is connected to the collector of the first capacitorC der Another terminal of (1), the first resistorR der One end of (1), NMOS tubeMnGrid and PMOS tubeMpIs connected with the grid electrode of the first PNP tubeQ 1 Emitter of (2), second NPN tubeQ 3 Emitter and second capacitorC det Is connected with one end of a first PNP pipeQ 1 Collector and first NPN tubeQ 2 Base electrode of the second NPN tubeQ 3 Collector and second PNP tubeQ 4 Base electrode of (3) is connected with the first NPN tubeQ 2 Emitter and inductor ofLAnd a first diodeDnNegative pole connection of (1), inductanceLAnother end of (2), and an energy storage capacitorCrAnd a load resistorRLIs connected to a second PNP tubeQ 4 Emitter and energy storage capacitorCrAnother end of (1), a load resistanceRLAnd the other end of the second diodeDpIs connected to the positive electrode of the first diodeDnAnode and NMOS tubeMnIs connected to the source of the second diodeDpNegative electrode of and PMOS tubeMpIs connected with the negative terminal of the piezoelectric transducer PZT and the first resistorR der Another terminal of the first capacitor, a second capacitorC det Another end of the NMOS transistorMnDrain electrode and PMOS tubeMpThe drains of which are all grounded.
The working principle of the above embodiment is as follows: the piezoelectric transducer PZT converts vibration energy in the environment into alternating current energy, the piezoelectric transducer PZT moves from a zero displacement point to a forward displacement extreme value when the positive half period is carried out, and meanwhile, the piezoelectric transducer PZT accumulates charges at two ends of a parasitic capacitor due to the positive piezoelectric effect to carry out forward charging and also accumulates the charges on a second capacitorC det Charging is carried out, and when the piezoelectric transducer PZT is displaced to the maximum value of the positive displacement, the parasitic capacitance and the second capacitance inside the piezoelectric transducer PZTC det The open-circuit voltage at the two ends reaches the maximum value, the piezoelectric transducers PZT move towards the opposite direction subsequently, and the parasitic capacitors of the piezoelectric transducers PZT are reversely charged so that the open-circuit voltage of the piezoelectric transducers PZT isV oc Begins to fall, the second capacitanceC det The voltage at two ends is due to the first PNP tubeQ 1 Existence of forward conduction voltage drop and second NPN tubeQ 3 Is kept constant when the second capacitance is reversedC det Voltage across versus open circuit voltage of piezoelectric transducer PZTV oc Just above the first PNP tubeQ 1 Forward guideWhen the voltage is dropped, a peak detection signal is generated to enable the first NPN tubeQ 2 When the RC differential module is conducted, the negative differential pulse signal is generated by the RC differential module to enable the PMOS tube to be conductedMpConducting, second diodeDpIs used to offset PMOS transistorMpParasitic diode of (3), parasitic capacitance of piezoelectric transducer PZTC p And a first NPN tubeQ 2 Collector-emitter, inductor ofLEnergy storage capacitorCrA second diodeDpPMOS tubeMpA source-drain electrode of the first capacitor forms a CLC resonant circuit and a second capacitorC det And a first PNP tubeQ 1 Emitter-collector, first NPN tubeQ 2 Base-emitter, inductance ofLEnergy storage capacitorCrA second diodeDpPMOS tubeMpThe source-drain of (a) also forms a CLC resonant tank; accumulated in PZT parasitic capacitance after 1/4 resonant periodC p Energy on the inductor is transferred to the inductorLAnd energy storage capacitorCrUpper, lower inductanceLThe current on the capacitor is gradually increased until the maximum value; then stored in the inductor after another 1/4 resonant periodLThe energy in the capacitor is transferred to the energy storage capacitorCrAnd the negative end of the piezoelectric element, so that the initial voltage of the piezoelectric transducer PZT working in the negative half period is improved, and the energy conversion efficiency of the negative half period is improved; then the PZT continues to move in the opposite direction, when the PZT moves to the maximum displacement point in the opposite direction, the PZT parasitic capacitanceC p And a second capacitorC det The accumulated charges at the two ends reach the maximum, and compared with the positive half cycle, the polarity of the two ends of the capacitor is opposite; the PZT is further displaced in a positive direction again, resulting in charge generated by vibration conversion to parasitic capacitanceC p The original charge is neutralized to a certain extent, and the second capacitorC det The voltage at two ends is due to the first PNP tubeQ 1 Base-emitter reverse bias voltage and second NPN tubeQ 3 The conduction voltage drop of the base electrode-emitter electrode is kept constant when the second capacitor is usedC det Voltage across, etcPZT parasitic capacitance for piezoelectric transducerC p And a second NPN tubeQ 3 When the sum of the conduction voltage drops of the base electrode and the emitter electrode is obtained, the peak detection module generates a signal to enable the second PNP tubeQ 4 The RC differential module generates a positive differential pulse signal in the opposite direction of the positive half period to make the NMOS tube be conductedMnConducting, and forming PZT parasitic capacitance with piezoelectric transducer in negative half periodC p And NMOS tubeMnFirst diodeDnInductorLEnergy storage capacitorCr、Second PNP tubeQ 4 CLC resonance of emitter-collector structure for storing piezoelectric transducer PZT in parasitic capacitanceC p With the energy of the second capacitorC det And NMOS tubeMnFirst diodeDnInductorLEnergy storage capacitorCrA second PNP tubeQ 4 Emitter-base, second NPN tubeQ 3 The collector-emitter also forms a second capacitorC det A CLC resonant circuit for extracting the stored micro energy; similarly, energy is transferred to the inductor through 1/4 resonant periodLAnd energy storage capacitorCrThen the inductance is added by 1/4 resonant periodLThe energy on the capacitor is transferred to the energy storage capacitor againCrAnd the positive end of the piezoelectric transducer PZT also increases the initial voltage of the positive half-cycle work.
In positive and negative half periods, the inductanceLThe flow directions of the upper inductive current are all from left to right, the problem that the positive half-cycle inductive current and the negative half-cycle inductive current have a phase difference of 180 degrees in the existing other circuit structures is solved, and the method can be effectively applied to a scene that a plurality of piezoelectric energy acquisition units cooperatively capture vibration energy to meet the requirement of larger energy.
Example two: as shown in fig. 3, the number of the piezoelectric energy harvesting units is five, and the internal structure of each piezoelectric energy harvesting unit is the same, wherein in each piezoelectric energy harvesting unit, a first NPN tube is usedQ 2 The emitter of the first capacitor is used as the A end of the piezoelectric energy acquisition unitC der Is at the other end asThe B end of the piezoelectric energy acquisition unit is connected with a second PNP tubeQ 4 The emitter of (a) is used as the C terminal of the piezoelectric energy harvesting unit. The switch number of the piezoelectric energy acquisition unit is applied to the NMOS tube through an RC differential moduleMnAnd PMOS tubeMpCompared with the prior energy capture circuit structure, the structure of the energy capture circuit structure is reduced to half, and on the basis of using a single inductor, the number of elements of the whole expanded circuit is reduced, and the volume is further reduced.

Claims (2)

1. An RC differential-based expandable piezoelectric vibration energy capturing interface circuit is characterized by comprising at least one piezoelectric energy collecting unit, an NMOS tube, a PMOS tube, an inductor, a first diode, a second diode, an energy storage capacitor and a load resistor, wherein each piezoelectric energy collecting unit comprises a piezoelectric transducer, an RC differential module and a peak detection module, the RC differential module comprises a first capacitor and a first resistor, the peak detection module comprises a second capacitor, a first PNP tube, a first NPN tube, a second NPN tube and a second PNP tube, the positive end of the piezoelectric transducer, one end of the first capacitor, the base of the first PNP tube, the collector of the first NPN tube, the base of the second NPN tube and the collector of the second PNP tube are connected, the other end of the first capacitor, one end of the first resistor, the grid of the NMOS tube and the grid of the PMOS tube are connected, the emitter of the first PNP transistor and the emitter of the second NPN transistor are connected to one end of the second capacitor, the collector of the first PNP transistor is connected to the base of the first NPN transistor, the collector of the second NPN transistor is connected to the base of the second PNP transistor, the emitter of the first NPN transistor, one end of the inductor, and the cathode of the first diode are connected, the other end of the inductor, one end of the energy storage capacitor, and one end of the load resistor are connected, the emitter of the second PNP transistor, the other end of the energy storage capacitor, the other end of the load resistor, and the anode of the second diode are connected, the anode of the first diode is connected to the source of the NMOS transistor, and the cathode of the second diode is connected to the source of the PMOS transistor, the negative end of the piezoelectric transducer, the other end of the first resistor, the other end of the second capacitor, the drain electrode of the NMOS tube and the drain electrode of the PMOS tube are all grounded.
2. The RC differential based scalable piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting interface circuit according to claim 1, wherein the number of piezoelectric energy harvesting units is five.
CN202210813973.1A 2022-07-12 2022-07-12 Extensible piezoelectric vibration energy capture interface circuit based on RC differential Pending CN115296560A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210813973.1A CN115296560A (en) 2022-07-12 2022-07-12 Extensible piezoelectric vibration energy capture interface circuit based on RC differential

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210813973.1A CN115296560A (en) 2022-07-12 2022-07-12 Extensible piezoelectric vibration energy capture interface circuit based on RC differential

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CN115296560A true CN115296560A (en) 2022-11-04

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