CN115286109A - High and cold rural sewage treatment device and treatment method - Google Patents
High and cold rural sewage treatment device and treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115286109A CN115286109A CN202211205393.0A CN202211205393A CN115286109A CN 115286109 A CN115286109 A CN 115286109A CN 202211205393 A CN202211205393 A CN 202211205393A CN 115286109 A CN115286109 A CN 115286109A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/005—Black water originating from toilets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/10—Temperature conditions for biological treatment
- C02F2301/106—Thermophilic treatment
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sewage treatment device and a sewage treatment method in alpine rural areas, which comprises a first anaerobic tank, a second anaerobic tank, a contact anaerobic biomembrane tank and a filter tank which are prefabricated into a whole, wherein the first anaerobic tank, the second anaerobic tank, the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank and the filter tank are communicated in sequence; the inner cavities of the first anaerobic tank, the second anaerobic tank, the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank and the filter tank comprise an empty cavity at the upper part and a treatment cavity at the lower part, and the treatment cavities are positioned below the frozen soil layer; the first anaerobic tank is provided with a first grey water inlet and a black water inlet, and the filter tank is provided with a second grey water inlet. Also relates to a processing method. The invention can respectively treat the black water and the grey water, ensures the sewage treatment effect, reduces the construction difficulty of the treatment device and reduces the adverse effect caused by low temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rural sewage treatment equipment, and particularly relates to a high and cold rural sewage treatment device and a treatment method.
Background
The rural areas in the alpine regions, such as the Tibetan regions in Sichuan, have the characteristics of less population, small population density and unbalanced population distribution, and the domestic sewage in the rural areas in the alpine regions generally has the characteristics of dispersed discharge, influence of 'long running water' in winter, low pollutant concentration, large fluctuation, small production amount, large influence of factors such as living habits, season changes, holidays and the like on the water amount. However, the existing rural domestic sewage treatment in the alpine region is simply applied in the domestic sewage treatment mode in the non-alpine and high-altitude region, which often causes large investment and difficult operation and maintenance, and even causes the phenomena of idle and waste sewage treatment facilities. In addition, the treatment of rural sewage in alpine regions has the following problems:
1. because the temperature in alpine regions is low, particularly in winter, water in equipment can be frozen to influence the normal treatment of sewage, and microorganisms in the sewage have low activity at low temperature to influence the sewage treatment efficiency.
2. Because rural residents live dispersedly, a sewage treatment device needs to be installed for single-family residents, and the existing sewage treatment device main body is generally made of concrete for field construction, is influenced by a high and cold environment, has high construction cost and long construction period, and is easy to collapse, break at a pipe network connection part and the like due to uneven ground settlement;
3. different residents have different specific conditions, if some residents use the sanitary dry latrine, the black water in the dry latrine is not treated, and only the grey water generated in daily life needs to be treated; some residents use a sanitary dry toilet, and black water in the dry toilet and grey water generated in daily life need to be treated; some residents flush toilets by using water, and the black water and the grey water are mixed and discharged; some residents flush toilets by using water and are provided with septic tanks, and need to treat black water and daily grey water discharged by the septic tanks. Because the content of organic matters and solid impurities in the black water is far greater than that of the grey water, if the black water and the grey water are treated by the same treatment process, the load of treatment equipment is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a sewage treatment device and a sewage treatment method for alpine rural areas, which can respectively treat black water and grey water, ensure the sewage treatment effect, reduce the construction difficulty and reduce the adverse effect caused by low temperature.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the sewage treatment device for the alpine rural areas comprises a first anaerobic tank, a second anaerobic tank, a contact anaerobic biomembrane tank and a filter tank which are prefabricated into a whole, wherein the first anaerobic tank, the second anaerobic tank, the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank and the filter tank are sequentially communicated;
the inner cavities of the first anaerobic tank, the second anaerobic tank, the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank and the filter tank comprise an empty cavity at the upper part and a treatment cavity at the lower part, and the treatment cavities are positioned below the frozen soil layer;
the first anaerobic tank is provided with a first grey water inlet and a black water inlet, and the filter tank is provided with a second grey water inlet.
Further, the first grey water inlet and the black water inlet are communicated to the lower part of the treatment cavity of the first anaerobic tank; a first overflow weir is arranged at the upper part of the treatment cavity of the first anaerobic tank, and the first overflow weir is communicated with the lower part of the treatment cavity of the second anaerobic tank through a first communicating pipe; a second overflow weir is arranged at the upper part of the treatment cavity of the second anaerobic tank, and the second overflow weir is communicated with the lower part of the treatment cavity of the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank through a second communicating pipe; and a third overflow weir is arranged at the upper part of the treatment cavity of the contact anaerobic biomembrane pond and is communicated with the upper part of the treatment cavity of the filter pond.
Furthermore, a trickling filter screen pipe is arranged at the upper part of the treatment cavity of the filter tank, and the third overflow weir and the second ash water inlet are both communicated with the trickling filter screen pipe; the lower part of the dripping filter screen pipe is provided with a plurality of dripping taper holes which are uniformly distributed.
Furthermore, a horizontal bearing layer is arranged at the bottom of the filtering tank, a plurality of detachable modular filtering materials are arranged on the bearing layer, and the adjacent two modular filtering materials are sealed through a sealing mechanism.
Further, the modularization filter material is including being rectangular bodily form's braced frame, braced frame's top surface and underrun seal through the closure that permeates water, 4 sides of braced frame all seal through the setting element, the inside filter material that is provided with of braced frame, sealing mechanism sets up at braced frame's both sides face or top surface.
Furthermore, two end faces of the supporting frame are provided with sliding bosses or sliding chutes, and the sliding bosses or the sliding chutes are in sliding fit with the side walls of the filtering tank in the vertical direction.
Furthermore, the sealing mechanism on one side face of the supporting frame comprises a first elastic sealing gasket, a first sealing inclined plane is arranged at the upper end of the first elastic sealing gasket, a first sealing block is arranged at the lower end of the first elastic sealing gasket, a second sealing inclined plane is arranged on the side wall of the first sealing block, and the first sealing inclined plane and the second sealing inclined plane are both upward;
the sealing mechanism of braced frame another side includes the sealed pad of second elasticity, the sealed upper end of the sealed pad of second elasticity is provided with the sealed piece of second, the lateral wall of the sealed piece of second is provided with the sealed inclined plane of third, the sealed lower extreme of the sealed pad of second elasticity is provided with the sealed inclined plane of fourth, the sealed inclined plane of fourth and the sealed inclined plane of third are all down, just be provided with the sealed axle of horizontally on the sealed inclined plane of fourth and the sealed inclined plane of third.
Further, activated carbon fiber filler is hung in the treatment cavity of the contact anaerobic biomembrane pool.
A treatment method of a sewage treatment device in alpine rural areas comprises the steps of prefabricating a first anaerobic tank, a second anaerobic tank, a contact anaerobic biomembrane tank and a filter tank into a whole, transporting to inhabitant areas of the alpine rural areas, and installing to ensure that a treatment cavity is positioned below a frozen soil layer after installation;
if the black water and the grey water are generated and are respectively discharged, the black water is introduced into the lower part of the treatment cavity of the first anaerobic tank through the black water inlet and flows upwards, solid impurities in the black water are precipitated in the first anaerobic tank, and organic matters are decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms; when the sewage in the first anaerobic tank reaches the first overflow weir, the sewage flows into the lower part of the treatment cavity of the second anaerobic tank from the first communication pipe and flows upwards, the solid impurities in the sewage are subjected to secondary sedimentation, and the organic matters are further decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms; when the sewage in the second anaerobic tank reaches the second overflow weir, the sewage is communicated to the lower part of the treatment cavity of the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank from the second communicating pipe and flows upwards, and organic matters in the sewage are further decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms; when the sewage in the contact anaerobic biomembrane pond reaches the third overflow weir, the sewage enters the upper part of the treatment cavity of the filter pond and flows downwards, organic matters remained in the sewage are decomposed by microorganisms, and meanwhile, sludge in the sewage is filtered out and then discharged outwards; the grey water is introduced into the filtering tank through a second grey water inlet;
if the black water and the grey water are mixed and discharged, the sewage is introduced into a first anaerobic tank through a first grey water inlet;
if the black water does not need to be treated, the grey water is passed into a first anaerobic tank through a first grey water inlet, or the grey water is passed into a filtration tank through a second grey water inlet.
Further, the sewage stays in the first anaerobic pond for at least 4 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. first anaerobism pond, second anaerobism pond, contact anaerobism biomembrane pond and filtering ponds are prefabricated as an organic whole, and whole transportation to job site during the construction again, then excavate the foundation ditch, with the cell body of integration put into the foundation ditch can, construction convenience. Especially in severe cold areas, the construction environment is severe, the construction period can be greatly shortened, and collapse and breakage of pipe network joints caused by uneven sedimentation of each tank body can be prevented.
2. The inner chamber of first anaerobism pond, second anaerobism pond, contact anaerobism biomembrane pond and filtering ponds has great degree of depth, and the inner chamber lower part sets up under frozen soil layer as the process chamber, in severe cold season, can prevent that outside low temperature from influencing the activity of microorganism, utilizes geothermol power to keep warm or even heat up sewage, prevents that sewage from freezing, and the activity of microorganism obtains promoting to guarantee sewage treatment efficiency.
3. The black water has more manure residues, high concentration of organic matters and small amount, and the water quality can reach the standard only by staying for a longer time; and the organic matter concentration in the ash water is low, the solid impurities are few, the amount is large, and the retention time is short. When rural residents discharge black water and grey water separately, the black water and the grey water are treated by different treatment processes, so that the treatment effect can be ensured, the treatment flow of the grey water is simplified, and the load of equipment is reduced.
4. The sewage flows without external power, and the operation cost is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall front view schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an overall top schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a modular filter material;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of two adjacent modular filter material seals;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a sealing mechanism;
FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a modular filter material of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1-a first anaerobic tank; 101 — a first grey water inlet; 102-black water inlet; 103-a first weir; 104-a first communication pipe; 105 — a second weir; 106-a second communicating tube; 107-third weir; 2-a second anaerobic tank; 21-a support frame; 22-filtering material; 23-a water-permeable closure; 24-a positioning element; 25-sliding boss; 26-modular filter material; 27 — a first resilient gasket; 28 — a first sealing bevel; 29 — a second sealing bevel; 210 — a first sealing block; 211 — a second resilient gasket; 212 — a second sealing block; 213 — third seal chamfer; 214 — a fourth sealing ramp; 215-a seal shaft; 216-lifting lug; 217-supporting layer; 218-a platen; 219 — a third elastomeric seal; 3-contact anaerobic biofilm tank; 4, a filtering tank; 401 — second grey water inlet; 5-empty chamber; 6, processing a cavity; 7-frozen soil layer; 8, sealing the cover; 9-one-way vent hole; 12-manhole; 32, a water outlet; 33-trickling filter network tube.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The sewage treatment device for the alpine rural areas comprises a first anaerobic tank 1, a second anaerobic tank 2, a contact anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 and a filter tank 4 which are prefabricated into a whole, wherein the first anaerobic tank 1, the second anaerobic tank 2, the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 and the filter tank 4 are communicated in sequence.
The inner cavities of the first anaerobic tank 1, the second anaerobic tank 2, the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 and the filter tank 4 respectively comprise a vacant cavity 5 positioned at the upper part and a treatment cavity 6 positioned at the lower part, and the treatment cavity 6 is positioned below a frozen soil layer 7;
the first anaerobic tank 1 is provided with a first grey water inlet 101 and a black water inlet 102, and the filtration tank 4 is provided with a second grey water inlet 401.
The first anaerobic tank 1, the second anaerobic tank 2 and the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 are anaerobic environments, and organic matters in the sewage are decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms. The activated carbon fiber filler is suspended in the treatment cavity 6 of the contact anaerobic biomembrane pool 3, has the characteristics of large specific surface area, good biological stability and the like, has unique surface chemical property, and can be used as a carrier filler for the attachment growth of microorganisms. On one hand, the larger specific surface area of the activated carbon fiber can provide larger microorganism inhabitation space, and the surface energy is high, so that a large amount of microorganisms are more easily attached to the filler. On the other hand, the activated carbon fiber has good adsorption performance, so that the concentration of pollutants in local water is increased, the mass transfer effect is enhanced, and the degradation of the pollutants in the domestic sewage by the biological membrane is accelerated. The equipment takes the ecological carbon fiber composite material prepared based on the activated carbon fiber as the filler, is applied to the treatment of rural domestic sewage in the Tibetan region, and can increase the removal rate of pollutants such as dichromate index (CODcr), ammonia nitrogen and the like through longer hydraulic retention time.
The filter tank 4 adopts a biological filter, microorganisms can be aerobic microorganisms, facultative microorganisms, anaerobic microorganisms, heterotrophic bacteria and the like, are attached to the filter material in the filter tank 4, and carry out nitration reaction or denitrification reaction, so that not only can nitrogen and phosphorus be removed and the treatment effect be improved, but also sludge in water can be further filtered, solid Suspended Solids (SS) can be reduced, and the chroma of the treated sewage is better.
Because the severe construction environment of alpine regions, the construction period is long, and because rural residents disperse, multi-point construction in extensive regions is needed, the traditional concrete tank body is high in construction difficulty at low temperature, the strength is difficult to guarantee, and the phenomenon of uneven sedimentation of each tank body is easy to appear. Therefore, the first anaerobic tank 1, the second anaerobic tank 2, the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 and the filter tank 4 can be processed into a whole in a factory, then transported to the residence of residents in alpine rural areas, and then a foundation pit is excavated, and the equipment is loaded into the foundation pit, so that the construction amount of the alpine areas can be greatly reduced, and the construction period is shortened.
The first anaerobic tank 1, the second anaerobic tank 2, the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 and the filter tank 4 are all molded glass fiber reinforced plastic tank bodies or carbon steel tank bodies. The molded glass fiber reinforced plastic and the carbon steel have high strength and low temperature resistance, can ensure the service life of the equipment, and can also be made of the molded glass fiber reinforced plastic or the carbon steel for various pipelines.
Because sewage discharge conditions of different rural residents are different, more excrement and slag are contained in the black water, the concentration of organic matters is high, the quantity of the organic matters is small, and the water quality can reach the standard only by staying for a long time; and the organic matter concentration in the grey water is low, the solid impurities are few, the amount is large, and the retention time is short. The treatment equipment provided by the invention is provided with a plurality of sewage inlets aiming at the characteristics of the black water and the grey water, and can treat the black water and the grey water by adopting different treatment flows, thereby improving the treatment efficiency and the treatment effect. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the black water is treated by the first anaerobic tank 1, the second anaerobic tank 2, the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 and the filter tank 4 respectively, and the grey water can directly enter the filter tank 4 for treatment. In case of generating only grey water, the grey water may also be treated through the first anaerobic tank 1, the second anaerobic tank 2, the contact anaerobic biofilm tank 3, and the filtering tank 4. If the black water and the grey water are mixed and discharged, the treatment is carried out through a first anaerobic tank 1, a second anaerobic tank 2, a contact anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 and a filter tank 4.
Because the permafrost layer 7 with a certain thickness often exists in alpine regions, in winter, the temperature of the permafrost layer 7 and the temperature above the permafrost layer 7 are lower, water is likely to freeze, and the temperature below the permafrost layer 7 is higher than zero centigrade due to the influence of the ground temperature, and the water cannot freeze, therefore, the burial depth of the first anaerobic tank 1, the second anaerobic tank 2, the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 and the filter tank 4 is increased, the treatment cavity 6 is positioned below the permafrost layer 7, the liquid level of the sewage during treatment is positioned below the permafrost layer 7, and the sewage can be prevented from being frozen and cannot be treated. In addition, under the effect of ground temperature, the temperature of treatment chamber 6 probably is higher than ground, and the sewage gets into treatment chamber 6 back temperature from ground and rises, is favorable to promoting anaerobic microorganisms's activity to guarantee sewage treatment efficiency.
The maximum burial depth of the first anaerobic tank 1, the second anaerobic tank 2, the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 and the filtering tank 4 is determined according to the depth and the thickness of the permafrost layer 7, generally speaking, the permafrost layer of a residential area is not too thick, if the depth of the permafrost layer of rural areas of a Sichuan storage area is generally 0.6m to 0.8m underground, the maximum burial depth of the first anaerobic tank 1, the second anaerobic tank 2, the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 and the filtering tank 4 is lower than 0.8m, the specific maximum burial depth is determined according to the sewage treatment capacity, if the sewage treatment capacity is larger, the maximum burial depth is larger, the treatment cavity 6 is ensured to have enough volume, and if the sewage treatment capacity is smaller, the smaller maximum burial depth is selected, and comprehensively considered, the maximum burial depth is generally 0.8m to 1.2 m. The maximum burial depth refers to the distance from the bottom of the first anaerobic tank 1, the second anaerobic tank 2, the contact anaerobic biofilm tank 3 and the filter tank 4 to the ground.
In addition, heat insulation layers can be arranged on the outer walls of the vacant cavities 5 of the first anaerobic tank 1, the second anaerobic tank 2, the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 and the filter tank 4. The heat preservation is located frozen soil layer 7 and the top of frozen soil layer 7, can prevent that the heat of vacant chamber 5 from scattering and disappearing to external low temperature environment fast in, is favorable to maintaining the temperature of treatment chamber 6. The heat-insulating layer is made of conventional heat-insulating materials, such as glass wool and the like, vermiculite and the like, foam concrete and the like or rock wool and the like.
The top of first anaerobism pond 1, second anaerobism pond 2, contact anaerobism biomembrane pond 3 and filtering ponds 4 all is provided with sealed lid 8, and sealed lid 8 can play certain heat preservation effect, also can prevent that external debris etc. from falling into treatment facility, can also completely cut off external environment, makes the oxygen content etc. of treatment chamber 6 remain stable. The upper surface of the sealing cover 8 can be covered with a heat insulating material to improve the heat insulating effect.
First anaerobism pond 1, second anaerobism pond 2 and contact anaerobism biomembrane pond 3 etc. can generate multiple gas at the in-process of handling sewage, and some gas may have certain toxicity, and some gas is combustible gas, and in order to in time be with gaseous evacuation, be provided with one-way vent hole 9 on the sealed lid 8 of first anaerobism pond 1, second anaerobism pond 2 and contact anaerobism biomembrane pond 3 top, the direction that switches on of one-way vent hole 9 is for leading to sealed 8 outsides from vacant chamber 5. The one-way vent hole 9 can be an exhaust duct, the exhaust duct is provided with a one-way exhaust valve, the upper end of the exhaust duct is higher than the ground by 1.8m, and the exhaust duct can be rapidly dispersed into the air after gas is exhausted, so that the phenomena of explosion, poisoning of residents and the like caused by the gathering of the gas on the ground are prevented. In addition, the first anaerobic tank 1, the second anaerobic tank 2 and the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 can be used as a septic tank to generate marsh gas, the one-way vent hole 9 is connected with a marsh gas pipe, and the marsh gas can be conveyed to a kitchen through the marsh gas pipe and used.
In addition, the sealing cover 8 is provided with an access hole 12, and a detachable access door is arranged in the access hole 12. The access hole 12 can be used for personnel to enter and exit so as to enter the first anaerobic tank 1, the second anaerobic tank 2, the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 or the filter tank 4, and to overhaul and clean the equipment inside each tank body.
In order to realize the unpowered running of the device and prolong the retention time of the sewage in the first anaerobic tank 1, the second anaerobic tank 2 and the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank 3, a first grey water inlet 101 and a black water inlet 102 are communicated to the lower part of the treatment chamber 6 of the first anaerobic tank 1; a first overflow weir 103 is arranged at the upper part of the treatment cavity 6 of the first anaerobic tank 1, and the first overflow weir 103 is communicated to the lower part of the treatment cavity 6 of the second anaerobic tank 2 through a first communicating pipe 104; a second overflow weir 105 is arranged at the upper part of the treatment cavity 6 of the second anaerobic tank 2, and the second overflow weir 105 is communicated to the lower part of the treatment cavity 6 contacting the anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 through a second communicating pipe 106; the upper part of the treatment chamber 6 contacting the anaerobic biofilm tank 3 is provided with a third overflow weir 107, and the third overflow weir 107 is communicated with the upper part of the treatment chamber 6 of the filtering tank 4.
The flow path of the sewage is as follows: flows from the lower portion of the treatment chamber 6 of the first anaerobic tank 1 to the first overflow weir 103, then flows to the lower portion of the treatment chamber 6 of the second anaerobic tank 2 through the first communication pipe 104, then flows upward to the second overflow weir 105, then flows to the lower portion of the treatment chamber 6 contacting the anaerobic biofilm tank 3 through the second communication pipe 106, then flows upward to the third overflow weir 107 and enters the upper portion of the treatment chamber 6 of the filtration tank 4, then flows downward to the bottom of the filtration tank 4, and finally is discharged. The water flow direction is of a baffling type, so that the retention time of sewage in each tank body is prolonged, and the removal rate of each pollutant can be effectively improved.
The water outlet weir plates of the first overflow weir 103, the second overflow weir 105 and the third overflow weir 107 are zigzag, the total height of the weir plates is 150mm, the width of each tooth is 150mm, and the height of each tooth is 50mm.
The upper part of the treatment cavity 6 of the filter tank 4 is provided with a trickling filter net pipe 33, and the third overflow weir 107 and the second ash water inlet 401 are both communicated with the trickling filter net pipe 33; the lower part of the trickling filter net pipe 33 is provided with a plurality of dripping taper holes which are uniformly distributed. The trickling filter net pipe 33 includes a trunk line and many branch pipelines, and filtering ponds 4's intermediate position is arranged in to the trunk line level, and branch pipeline horizontal distribution all sets up a plurality of drip holes in the both sides of trunk line, trunk line and branch pipeline's bottom, and sewage gets into trickling filter net pipe 33 through third overflow weir 107 or second grey water import 401, then the dispersion is opened to drip to filtering component through each drip hole. The trickling filter net pipe 33 can uniformly disperse the sewage, prevent the sewage from generating 'dominant flow', ensure that all the sewage can be uniformly filtered and treated, and improve the treatment effect. The dripping hole is in a round table shape, the aperture of the upper port is small, the aperture of the lower port is large, sewage can be further dispersed, and the uniform dripping of the sewage is ensured.
The bottom of the filtering tank 4 is provided with a horizontal supporting layer 217, the supporting layer 217 is provided with a plurality of detachable modular filtering materials 26, and two adjacent modular filtering materials 26 are sealed by a sealing mechanism. The modular filter material 26 is used to filter the wastewater, and microorganisms attached to the modular filter material 26 can decompose organic substances in the wastewater. The bearing layer 217 is provided with water through holes, a certain distance is reserved between the bearing layer 217 and the bottom surface of the filter tank 4, sewage treated by the modular filter material 26 can enter a water outlet cavity below the bearing layer 217, a water outlet 32 is arranged on the side wall of the water outlet cavity, and the treated sewage is discharged through the water outlet 32.
Divide and link to each other through detachable connector between pipeline, trunk line and the second grey water import 401 to when later stage need be changed, wash modularization filter material 26, can pull down earlier and drip filter net pipe 33, then take out modularization filter material 26.
As shown in fig. 3, each modular filter material 26 includes a rectangular support frame 21, and the support frame 21 may be made of carbon steel, stainless steel, or other metal bars by welding. The top surface and the bottom surface of the support frame 21 are sealed by water-permeable sealing members 23, four side surfaces of the support frame 21 are sealed by water-impermeable positioning members 24, and a filter material 22 is arranged in the support frame 21. Sewage can enter the interior of the support frame 21 from the top water-permeable enclosure 23 and be discharged from the bottom water-permeable enclosure 23 after being treated by the filter media 22. The water-permeable closure 23 and the spacer 24 serve to hold the filter media 22 in place and to stabilize the filter media 22.
The water-permeable closing member 23 may be a plate having water through holes, and the positioning member 24 may be a plate, and as a preferred embodiment, both the water-permeable closing member 23 and the positioning member 24 are made of a steel wire mesh. The strength of the wire mesh is high, the filter material 22 can be stably positioned, and the weight is light, so that the weight of the modular filter material 26 is light, and the modular filter material 26 can be conveniently transported and disassembled.
The filter material 22 is used for filtering sewage, and meanwhile, microorganisms can grow on the surface of the filter material, so that pollutants in the sewage are decomposed, and specifically, the filter material 22 comprises a first volcanic rock layer, a second volcanic rock layer and a third volcanic rock layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the particle size of the first volcanic rock layer is 30-50mm, and the thickness of the first volcanic rock layer is 150mm; the particle size of the second volcanic rock layer is 10-20mm, and the thickness is 150mm; the third volcanic rock layer has a grain size of 5-10mm and a thickness of 150mm. The density of the volcanic rock is lower, so that the condition that the weight of the whole modularized filter material 26 is larger can be avoided, the surface of the volcanic rock is provided with more micropores, the specific surface area is large, and a large-area place can be provided for the propagation and growth of microorganisms, so that the sewage treatment effect is ensured. In addition, the filter material 22 adopts a graded light gravel arrangement mode from large particle size to small particle size along the water flow direction from top to bottom, so that more solid suspended matters (SS) can be removed, and the chroma of the treated domestic sewage is better.
The bottom surfaces of the modular filter materials 26 are supported by the supporting layer 217, two end surfaces of each modular filter material 26 are in sliding fit with the side wall of the filter tank 4, two adjacent modular filter materials 26 are in fit through the side surfaces, and in order to prevent sewage from flowing to the bottom of the filter tank 4 from a fit gap between two adjacent modular filter materials 26 and further prevent partial sewage from being processed to affect the processing effect, the invention is provided with the sealing mechanisms on the two side surfaces or the top surface of the supporting frame 21.
After the modular filter materials 26 are installed, the sealing mechanism between two adjacent modular filter materials 26 can seal the fit gap to prevent water from flowing through the fit gap. The sealing mechanism is matched as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the sealing mechanism on one side surface of the supporting frame 21 comprises a first elastic sealing gasket 27, the upper end of the first elastic sealing gasket 27 is provided with a first sealing inclined surface 28, the lower end of the first elastic sealing gasket 27 is provided with a first sealing block 210, the side wall of the first sealing block 210 is provided with a second sealing inclined surface 29, and the first sealing inclined surface 28 and the second sealing inclined surface 29 are both upward; the sealing mechanism on the other side surface of the supporting frame 21 comprises a second elastic sealing gasket 211, a second sealing block 212 is arranged at the upper end of the second elastic sealing gasket 211, a third sealing inclined surface 213 is arranged on the side wall of the second sealing block 212, a fourth sealing inclined surface 214 is arranged at the lower end of the second elastic sealing gasket 211, the fourth sealing inclined surface 214 and the third sealing inclined surface 213 are both downward, and a horizontal sealing shaft 215 is arranged on the fourth sealing inclined surface 214 and the third sealing inclined surface 213.
After the previous modular filter material 26 is installed, the next modular filter material 26 is vertically and downwards placed into the filter tank 4, the second elastic sealing gasket 211 of the next modular filter material 26 is in contact with the first elastic sealing gasket 27 of the previous modular filter material 26, after the next modular filter material 26 moves downwards to a certain position, the third sealing inclined plane 213 of the next modular filter material 26 is attached to the first sealing inclined plane 28 of the previous modular filter material 26, meanwhile, the sealing shaft 215 on the third sealing inclined plane 213 compresses the first sealing inclined plane 28, and the first sealing inclined plane 28 deforms to realize sealing; and the fourth sealing inclined plane 214 of the next modular filter material 26 is attached to the second sealing inclined plane 29 of the previous modular filter material 26, and meanwhile, the sealing shaft 215 on the fourth sealing inclined plane 214 compresses the second sealing inclined plane 29, so that the second sealing inclined plane 29 deforms, and sealing is realized.
In order to facilitate taking and placing the modular filter material 26, sliding bosses 25 or sliding grooves are arranged on two end faces of the supporting frame 21, and the sliding bosses 25 or the sliding grooves are in sliding fit with the side walls of the filter tank 4 in the vertical direction. Vertical guide rails can be arranged on the side wall of the filtering tank 4, and the sliding bosses 25 or the sliding grooves can be in sliding fit with the guide rails. When installing modularization filter material 26, utilize the guide rail to lead, ensure that each modularization filter material 26 is installed in the position of design, and the guide rail still plays the effect of location, prevents modularization filter material 26 horizontal migration, guarantees that sealing mechanism between two adjacent modularization filter materials 26 can the in close contact with, improves sealed effect.
In addition, braced frame 21's top is provided with locking mechanism, lateral wall setting and locking mechanism complex positioning mechanism at filtering ponds 4, locking mechanism can be screw locking mechanism, common location structure such as buckle, if pre-buried a horizontally position sleeve in filtering ponds 4's lateral wall, the oral area and the 4 inner chambers of filtering ponds intercommunication of position sleeve, and the position sleeve inner wall sets up the internal thread, braced frame 21's top sets up the locating piece, set up the locating hole on the locating piece, after putting in place when modularization filter material 26, utilize a set screw to pass the locating hole of locating piece and with position sleeve threaded connection, can lock modularization filter material 26. After the modularized filter material 26 is installed, the modularized filter material 26 is reinforced through the positioning mechanism, the modularized filter material 26 is prevented from moving up and down, the stability of the modularized filter material 26 is improved, and meanwhile, the sealing mechanism between two adjacent modularized filter materials 26 is further guaranteed to be effectively sealed.
Besides the above embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the top surface of the supporting frame 21 may be provided with a sealing groove, the sealing mechanism is a third elastic sealing gasket 219, the lower surface of the third elastic sealing gasket 219 is provided with two sealing strips matching with the sealing groove, the locking mechanism is a pressure plate 218, and the pressure plate 218 is located on the upper surface of the third elastic sealing gasket 219 and is connected to the supporting frame 21 through a screw. When the modular filter materials 26 are installed, the two sealing strips of the third elastic sealing gasket 219 are respectively clamped into the sealing grooves of the two adjacent modular filter materials 26, the pressing plate 218 is fixed at the tops of the supporting frames 21 of the two adjacent modular filter materials 26 through bolts, the two adjacent modular filter materials 26 are connected into a whole through the pressing plate 218, and the third elastic sealing gasket 219 is pressed tightly to realize sealing. In this manner, all of the modular filter media 26 can be connected as a unit and a good seal can be ensured.
To facilitate handling, installation and removal of the modular filter media 26, as shown in fig. 6, a lifting lug 216 is provided on the top of the support frame 21, and a lifting rope can be tied to the lifting lug 216 to lift the modular filter media 26.
The invention can adjust the using amount of the modularized filter materials 26 according to the volume of the treatment equipment, and the sewage treatment equipment with different sizes only needs to be internally provided with different amounts of the modularized filter materials 26, so that the invention has flexible use, is particularly suitable for the construction of miniaturized and numerous domestic sewage treatment equipment in rural areas, has higher flexibility, and can replace or recycle the modularized filter materials 26. The two adjacent modular filter materials 26 are sealed through the sealing mechanism, so that the situation that sewage passes through a gap between the two adjacent modular filter materials 26 without being treated by the filter materials can be prevented, and the sewage treatment effect is ensured.
A treatment method of a sewage treatment device in alpine rural areas is characterized in that a first anaerobic tank 1, a second anaerobic tank 2, a contact anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 and a filter tank 4 are prefabricated into a whole, then the whole is transported to the resident living areas of the alpine rural areas and installed, and a treatment cavity 6 is ensured to be positioned below a frozen soil layer 7 after installation.
If the black water and the grey water are generated and are respectively discharged, the black water is introduced into the lower part of the treatment cavity 6 of the first anaerobic tank 1 through the black water inlet 102 and flows upwards, solid impurities in the black water are precipitated in the first anaerobic tank 1, and organic matters are decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms; when the sewage in the first anaerobic tank 1 reaches the first overflow weir 103, the sewage flows into the lower part of the treatment cavity 6 of the second anaerobic tank 2 from the first communicating pipe 104 and flows upwards, the solid impurities in the sewage are subjected to secondary sedimentation, and the organic matters are further decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms; when the sewage in the second anaerobic tank 2 reaches the second overflow weir 105, the sewage is communicated to the lower part of the treatment cavity 6 contacting the anaerobic biomembrane tank 3 from the second communicating pipe 106 and flows upwards, and organic matters in the sewage are further decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms; when the sewage in the contact anaerobic biomembrane pond 3 reaches the third overflow weir 107, the sewage enters the upper part of the treatment cavity 6 of the filter pond 4 and flows downwards, the residual organic matters in the sewage are decomposed by microorganisms, and simultaneously, the sludge in the sewage is filtered out and then is discharged outside. Grey water is passed into the filtration tank 4 through a second grey water inlet 401.
If the black water and the grey water are mixed and discharged, the sewage is introduced into the first anaerobic tank 1 through the first grey water inlet 101.
If the black water does not need to be treated, the grey water is introduced into the first anaerobic tank 1 through the first grey water inlet 101, or the grey water is introduced into the filtration tank 4 through the second grey water inlet 401. When the black water needs to be discharged after the subsequent toilet is modified, the black water can be introduced into the black water inlet 102.
The time of the sewage staying in the first anaerobic tank 1 is at least 4 days, so that the treatment effect is ensured.
In order to prevent impurities such as hair in domestic sewage from entering the treatment system and causing blockage, a hair collector and a Y-shaped filter can be arranged at the first grey water inlet 101 and the second grey water inlet 401.
The invention adopts the anaerobic and filtering treatment process, compared with the traditional treatment process, the device is simple, the treatment effect is good, the operation and maintenance cost is low, and the invention is suitable for distributed single-family residents in alpine rural areas. Through tests, the effluent quality of the invention meets the three-level standard of 'water pollutant emission standard of rural domestic sewage treatment facility' (DB 51/2626-2019) in Sichuan province, part of indexes can reach the second-level standard, and the effluent can be used for the absorption of peripheral farmlands and the like and can also reach the standard and be discharged into a receiving water body.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Rural sewage treatment plant of severe cold, its characterized in that: the anaerobic biological membrane bioreactor comprises a first anaerobic tank (1), a second anaerobic tank (2), a contact anaerobic biological membrane tank (3) and a filtering tank (4) which are prefabricated into a whole, wherein the first anaerobic tank (1), the second anaerobic tank (2), the contact anaerobic biological membrane tank (3) and the filtering tank (4) are communicated in sequence;
the inner cavities of the first anaerobic tank (1), the second anaerobic tank (2), the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank (3) and the filter tank (4) respectively comprise an empty cavity (5) positioned at the upper part and a treatment cavity (6) positioned at the lower part, and the treatment cavity (6) is positioned below a frozen soil layer (7);
the first anaerobic tank (1) is provided with a first grey water inlet (101) and a black water inlet (102), and the filter tank (4) is provided with a second grey water inlet (401).
2. The sewage treatment plant in the alpine rural areas of claim 1, characterized in that: the first grey water inlet (101) and the black water inlet (102) are communicated to the lower part of the treatment chamber (6) of the first anaerobic tank (1); a first overflow weir (103) is arranged at the upper part of the treatment cavity (6) of the first anaerobic tank (1), and the first overflow weir (103) is communicated to the lower part of the treatment cavity (6) of the second anaerobic tank (2) through a first communication pipe (104); a second overflow weir (105) is arranged at the upper part of the treatment cavity (6) of the second anaerobic tank (2), and the second overflow weir (105) is communicated to the lower part of the treatment cavity (6) of the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank (3) through a second communicating pipe (106); the upper part of the treatment cavity (6) of the contact anaerobic biomembrane pond (3) is provided with a third overflow weir (107), and the third overflow weir (107) is communicated with the upper part of the treatment cavity (6) of the filter pond (4).
3. The sewage treatment plant in the alpine rural areas of claim 2, characterized in that: a drip filter screen pipe (33) is arranged at the upper part of the treatment cavity (6) of the filter tank (4), and the third overflow weir (107) and the second ash water inlet (401) are both communicated with the drip filter screen pipe (33); the lower part of the dripping screen pipe (33) is provided with a plurality of dripping taper holes which are uniformly distributed.
4. The sewage treatment plant in the alpine countryside of claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the filter tank (4) is provided with a horizontal bearing layer (217), the bearing layer (217) is provided with a plurality of detachable modular filter materials (26), and two adjacent modular filter materials (26) are sealed through a sealing mechanism.
5. The sewage treatment plant in the alpine rural areas of claim 4, characterized in that: modularization filter material (26) are including being rectangular bodily form braced frame (21), braced frame's (21) top surface and underrun are sealed through permeable closure (23), braced frame's (21) four sides all seal through setting element (24), braced frame (21) inside is provided with filter material (22), sealing mechanism sets up at braced frame's (21) both sides face or top surface.
6. The sewage treatment plant in the alpine rural areas of claim 5, characterized in that: the two end faces of the supporting frame (21) are provided with sliding bosses (25) or sliding chutes, and the sliding bosses (25) or the sliding chutes are in sliding fit with the side walls of the filter tank (4) in the vertical direction.
7. The sewage treatment plant in the alpine countryside of claim 5, characterized in that: the sealing mechanism on one side face of the supporting frame (21) comprises a first elastic sealing gasket (27), a first sealing inclined plane (28) is arranged at the upper end of the first elastic sealing gasket (27), a first sealing block (210) is arranged at the lower end of the first elastic sealing gasket, a second sealing inclined plane (29) is arranged on the side wall of the first sealing block (210), and the first sealing inclined plane (28) and the second sealing inclined plane (29) are both upward;
the sealing mechanism of braced frame (21) another side includes second elastic sealing pad (211), the upper end of second elastic sealing pad (211) is provided with second sealed piece (212), the lateral wall of second sealed piece (212) is provided with third sealed inclined plane (213), the lower extreme of second elastic sealing pad (211) is provided with fourth sealed inclined plane (214), fourth sealed inclined plane (214) and third sealed inclined plane (213) are all down, just be provided with horizontally sealed axle (215) on fourth sealed inclined plane (214) and third sealed inclined plane (213).
8. The sewage treatment plant in the alpine rural areas of claim 1, characterized in that: and an active carbon fiber filler is suspended in the treatment cavity (6) of the contact anaerobic biomembrane pool (3).
9. The treatment method of the sewage treatment device in the alpine rural areas according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the method comprises the steps that a first anaerobic tank (1), a second anaerobic tank (2), a contact anaerobic biomembrane tank (3) and a filter tank (4) are prefabricated into a whole, then the whole is transported to residential areas of alpine rural areas and installed, and a treatment cavity (6) is ensured to be positioned below a frozen soil layer (7) after installation;
if the black water and the grey water are generated and are respectively discharged, the black water is introduced into the lower part of the treatment cavity (6) of the first anaerobic tank (1) through a black water inlet (102) and flows upwards, solid impurities in the black water are precipitated in the first anaerobic tank (1), and organic matters are decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms; when the sewage in the first anaerobic tank (1) reaches the first overflow weir (103), the sewage flows into the lower part of the treatment cavity (6) of the second anaerobic tank (2) from the first communicating pipe (104) and flows upwards, the solid impurities in the sewage are subjected to secondary sedimentation, and the organic matters are further decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms; when the sewage in the second anaerobic tank (2) reaches the second overflow weir (105), the sewage is led to the lower part of the treatment cavity (6) of the contact anaerobic biomembrane tank (3) from a second communicating pipe (106) and flows upwards, and organic matters in the sewage are further decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms; when the sewage in the contact anaerobic biomembrane pond (3) reaches the third overflow weir (107), the sewage enters the upper part of the treatment cavity (6) of the filter pond (4) and flows downwards, organic matters remained in the sewage are decomposed by microorganisms, and meanwhile, sludge in the sewage is filtered out and then discharged outwards; grey water is introduced into the filter tank (4) through a second grey water inlet (401);
if the black water and the grey water are mixed and discharged, the sewage is introduced into a first anaerobic tank (1) through a first grey water inlet (101);
if no treatment of the black water is required, the grey water is passed into the first anaerobic tank (1) via a first grey water inlet (101) or the grey water is passed into the filtration tank (4) via a second grey water inlet (401).
10. The process of claim 9, wherein: the sewage stays in the first anaerobic pool (1) for at least 4 days.
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