CN115284495A - Plastic garbage crushing equipment and method - Google Patents
Plastic garbage crushing equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115284495A CN115284495A CN202210788936.XA CN202210788936A CN115284495A CN 115284495 A CN115284495 A CN 115284495A CN 202210788936 A CN202210788936 A CN 202210788936A CN 115284495 A CN115284495 A CN 115284495A
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
- B29B2017/0424—Specific disintegrating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/044—Knives
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to plastic garbage crushing equipment and a method. The invention comprises a conveying screw, which comprises a screw body and spiral structures distributed on the screw body at intervals; the movable cutter component is arranged between the adjacent spiral structures and comprises a plurality of movable cutter heads which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screw body; the conveying screw is arranged in the machine barrel, the machine barrel is provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole, and the discharging hole is positioned at the lower side of the spiral structure; the static cutter component is arranged along the axial direction of the machine barrel and comprises a plurality of static cutter heads which are arranged along the axial direction of the inner wall of the machine barrel at intervals, and the dynamic cutter heads and the static cutter heads are alternately arranged; and the driving mechanism is used for driving the conveying screw to rotate. The invention can obtain plastic particles meeting the requirement of particle size by one-time feeding, thereby saving time and improving working efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plastic garbage recovery, in particular to plastic garbage crushing equipment and a method.
Background
The plastic polymer is a great invention in modern society, and is various, and the wide use of plastic products brings convenience to the life of people. At present, the plastic industry becomes the economic support industry of China, the components change day by day with the increase of the plastic capacity, and the large accumulation of plastic wastes also presents a serious challenge to people. The wastes occupy cultivated land, pollute environment, have long degradation period, cause a great amount of waste of resources, and people must pay attention to the wastes.
The mechanical recovery of waste plastics includes classified recovery, sorting, crushing, cleaning, granulating, injection molding/wire drawing, etc., wherein the crushing is an important process of plastic collection, the plastic crusher is mainly used for crushing various plastic plastics for industrial reproduction, and the crushing quality of the crusher often determines the regeneration quality of plastic products. In the actual production process, the plastic crusher often drives the movable cutter head to rotate at a high speed through the motor, the movable cutter rotates at a high speed to enable the movable cutter head and the fixed cutter to move relatively, and then a cut of plastic crushing and shearing caused by a gap formed by the relative movement between the movable cutter head and the fixed cutter is utilized to crush large plastic.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the plastic garbage crushing equipment and method provided by the invention can be used for efficiently and quickly crushing waste plastics, are good in crushing effect and high in efficiency, and can be used for obtaining plastic particles meeting the particle size requirement through one-time feeding.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a plastic garbage crushing device, which comprises a rack, wherein the rack is provided with:
the conveying screw comprises a screw body and spiral structures distributed on the screw body at intervals;
the movable cutter component is arranged between the adjacent spiral structures and comprises a plurality of movable cutter heads which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screw body;
the conveying screw is arranged in the machine barrel, the machine barrel is provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole, and the discharging hole is positioned at the lower side of the spiral structure;
the static cutter assembly is axially arranged along the machine barrel and comprises a plurality of static cutter heads axially arranged along the inner wall of the machine barrel at intervals, and the movable cutter heads and the static cutter heads are alternately arranged;
and the driving mechanism is used for driving the conveying screw to rotate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism includes a speed reducer and a bearing seat connected to the frame, the speed reducer transmits power by means of matching a gear shaft and a helical gear, one end of the screw body is provided with a spline connected to an output end of the speed reducer, and the other end of the screw body is rotatably connected to the bearing seat.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the barrel includes a front barrel, a middle barrel and a rear barrel which are connected in sequence, the feed port is disposed at an upper end of the front barrel, a feed screw is disposed on the screw body at a position below the feed port, the feed port is connected to a feed hopper, the discharge port is distributed on a lower end barrel wall of the middle barrel, a barrel outlet is disposed at one end of the rear barrel, and a discharge screw is disposed on the screw body at a position on one side of the barrel outlet.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the screw further includes a first support frame and a second support frame respectively disposed at two ends of the screw body, one end of the screw body passes through the first support frame, the other end of the screw body passes through the second support frame, and the screw body is rotatably connected to the first support frame and the second support frame.
In one embodiment of the invention, the front cylinder, the middle cylinder and the rear cylinder are sequentially connected through flanges, the front cylinder is connected to the first support frame, and the rear cylinder is connected to the second support frame.
In an embodiment of the invention, the plastic particle feeder further comprises a material receiving assembly distributed on the lower side of the machine barrel, the material receiving assembly comprises a plastic particle screening net, a blanking channel and a material receiving box, the blanking channel is communicated with a discharge hole in the lower side end of the machine barrel, the plastic particle screening net is arranged at the discharge hole, the material receiving box is in clearance fit with the bottom end of the blanking channel, and the material receiving box is provided with a handle for drawing the material receiving box out of the blanking channel.
In an embodiment of the invention, the movable blade assembly further comprises a movable blade connecting plate, the movable blades are distributed at one side end of the movable blade connecting plate, the conveying screw further comprises a plurality of mounting grooves arranged along the circumferential direction of the screw body, and the movable blade connecting plate is connected to the mounting grooves.
In an embodiment of the invention, the static knife assembly further comprises a static knife connecting arc plate, the static knife heads are distributed on the static knife connecting arc plate, the static knife connecting arc plate is connected to the machine barrel and attached to the outer wall of the machine barrel, and the outer wall of the machine barrel is provided with a through hole for the static knife heads to pass through.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the movable blade is wedge-shaped, and the static blade is cuboid-shaped.
In an embodiment of the invention, a protective shell is further arranged outside the machine barrel, the protective shell is connected to the rack, and the top end and two side ends of the protective shell are provided with slots.
The invention also provides a crushing method using the equipment, which comprises the following steps:
s1: primarily sorting the household garbage recycled by the garbage recycling station, and sorting out plastic solid waste in the household garbage; preliminarily cleaning and disinfecting the selected plastic solid waste, and classifying the cleaned and disinfected waste plastics according to the types of processing materials; removing excessive moisture generated in the waste plastic cleaning process by adopting a microwave drying method or a blowing method, primarily crushing the plastic waste, and obtaining the waste plastic with the particle size within 10mm after primary crushing;
s2: and (3) putting the waste plastics obtained after primary crushing into the feed inlet, enabling the waste plastics to reach the position of the conveying screw rod through the feed inlet, and transmitting power to the conveying screw rod through the driving mechanism, wherein the rotating speed of the screw rod is 200r/min-700r/min: waste plastics are pushed to the positions of the movable cutter assembly and the static cutter assembly through a spiral structure on the screw body, the aperture of a plastic particle screening net at each discharge port is adjusted, and the aperture range is 0.05mm-10mm;
s3: the waste plastics are crushed by the shearing force generated by the movable cutter head and the static cutter head, and the plastic particles with the diameter smaller than the diameter of the plastic particle screening net enter the blanking channel through the plastic particle screening net at the discharge port and enter the blanking box through the blanking channel;
s4: plastic particles with the diameter larger than the diameter of the plastic particle screening net are continuously pushed to the positions of the next movable cutter assembly and the static cutter assembly through the spiral structure on the screw body, are crushed for the second time, and are screened for the second time through the plastic particle screening net at the upper end of the next blanking channel;
s5: sequentially pushing plastic particles which do not fall into the blanking channel until the positions of the last movable cutter component and the last static cutter component are subjected to plastic crushing;
s6: and taking out the plastic particles in each receiving box and recycling the plastic particles.
In one embodiment of the invention, the clearance between the movable cutter head and the static cutter head ranges from 0.05mm to 10mm.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the plastic garbage crushing device and method, plastics can be pushed forwards to the positions of the movable cutter assembly and the static cutter assembly through the spiral structure of the conveying screw rod to be crushed, plastic particles meeting the particle size requirement fall into the material receiving assembly, and plastic particles which do not meet the requirement are continuously crushed towards the positions of the next movable cutter assembly and the static cutter assembly under the pushing of the spiral structure until plastic particles meeting the particle size requirement are obtained. The invention only needs one-time feeding, omits the complex process of multiple times of feeding, has good crushing effect and high efficiency, can obtain plastic particles meeting the requirement of particle size through one-time feeding, saves time and improves working efficiency.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, reference is now made to the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the single-screw multi-stage domestic plastic garbage crushing apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of another angle of view of the single-screw multi-stage domestic plastic garbage crushing apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the conveying screw of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the barrel structure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the barrel and stationary knife assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the movable blade assembly and the stationary blade assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the receiving assembly of the present invention.
Description reference numbers indicate: 100. a frame; 110. a safety barrier; 120. a safety door; 200. a protective shell; 210. grooving; 1. a conveying screw; 11. a screw body; 12. a helical structure; 13. a feed screw; 14. discharging spirally; 15. mounting grooves; 16. a spline; 2. a movable knife component; 21. a moving blade head; 22. a movable blade connecting plate; 3. a barrel; 31. a feed inlet; 32. a discharge port; 33. a front barrel; 34. a middle cylinder body; 35. a rear cylinder body; 351. a barrel outlet; 36. a feed hopper; 37. perforating; 38. a first support frame; 39. a second support frame; 4. a stationary knife assembly; 41. a static cutter head; 42. the static knife is connected with the arc plate; 5. a drive mechanism; 51. a speed reducer; 52. a bearing seat; 6. a material receiving assembly; 61. a blanking channel; 62. a receiving box; 63. a handle.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the plastic garbage crushing apparatus according to the present invention includes a frame 100, wherein the frame 100 is provided with:
the conveying screw rod 1 comprises a screw rod body 11 and spiral structures 12 distributed on the screw rod body 11 at intervals;
the movable knife component 2 is arranged between the adjacent spiral structures 12, and the movable knife component 2 comprises a plurality of movable knife heads 21 which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screw rod body 11;
the conveying screw 1 is arranged in the machine barrel 3, the machine barrel 3 is provided with a feeding hole 31 and a discharging hole 32, and the discharging hole 32 is positioned at the lower side of the spiral structure 12;
the static cutter assembly 4 is axially arranged along the machine barrel 3, the static cutter assembly 4 comprises a plurality of static cutter heads 41 axially arranged along the inner wall of the machine barrel 3 at intervals, the movable cutter heads 21 and the static cutter heads 41 are alternately arranged, and the movable cutter heads 21 and the static cutter heads 41 are in clearance fit;
and the driving mechanism 5 is used for driving the conveying screw rod 1 to rotate by the driving mechanism 5.
Specifically, the driving mechanism 5 includes a speed reducer 51 and a bearing seat 52 connected to the frame 100, the speed reducer 51 transmits power by means of matching a gear shaft and a helical gear, one end of the screw body 11 is provided with a spline connected to an output end of the speed reducer 51, and the other end of the screw body 11 is rotatably connected to the bearing seat 52.
Specifically, helical structure 12 thickens in proper order along the diameter of feeding direction, the propelling movement and the grinding of waste plastics of being convenient for adopt the sectional type design of material propelling movement and material cutting, can have the problem of avoiding plastics to take place the melting because of the continuous propelling movement of material in barrel 3.
Specifically, the machine barrel 3 comprises a front barrel 33, a middle barrel 34 and a rear barrel 35 which are connected through flanges in sequence, the feed port 31 is formed in the upper end of the front barrel 33, a feed screw 13 is arranged at the position, below the feed port 31, of the screw body 11, the feed port 31 is connected with a feed hopper 36, the discharge ports 32 are distributed in the lower end barrel wall of the middle barrel 34, a machine barrel outlet 351 is formed in one end of the rear barrel 35, and a discharge screw 14 is arranged at the position, on one side of the machine barrel outlet 351, of the screw body 11. Through the setting, the form that barrel 3 adopted a plurality of parts to connect, the later stage processing of being convenient for promotes 3 intensity of barrel.
Specifically, the feeding funnel 36 is fixed to the upper end of the barrel 3 by bolts, the upper end opening of the feeding funnel 36 is designed to be a frustum shape with a large upper part and a small lower part, the middle part of the feeding funnel 36 is a cuboid shape, and the lower end of the feeding funnel 36 is a cube or a cuboid matched with the surface of the barrel 3.
Specifically, the screw rod further comprises a first support frame 38 and a second support frame 39 which are respectively arranged at two ends of the screw rod body 11, one end of the screw rod body 11 penetrates through the first support frame 38, the other end of the screw rod body 11 penetrates through the second support frame 39, the screw rod body 11 is rotatably connected to the first support frame 38 and the second support frame 39, the front barrel body 33, the middle barrel body 34 and the rear barrel body 35 are sequentially connected through flanges, the front barrel body 33 is connected to the first support frame 38, and the rear barrel body 35 is connected to the second support frame 39.
Specifically, still including distributing in the material receiving assembly 6 of barrel 3 downside, material receiving assembly 6 includes plastic granules screening net, blanking passageway 61 and connects material casket 62, blanking passageway 61 communicates in the discharge gate 32 of barrel 3 lower extreme, plastic granules screening net locates discharge gate 32, connect material casket 62 and blanking passageway 61 bottom clearance fit, connect material casket 62 to install and be used for receiving the handle 63 that material casket 62 took out from blanking passageway 61.
Specifically, a safety isolation plate 110 with heat dissipation holes is installed on one side of the rack 100 and is connected with the rack 100 through hinges, a safety door 120 is installed on the other side of the rack 100, a handle of the safety door 120 is installed on the safety door 120, and operation of workers is facilitated in the later period.
Specifically, move the knife tackle spare 2 and still include move the knife connecting plate 22, move knife head 21 and distribute in moving one side end of knife connecting plate 22, conveying screw 1 still includes a plurality of mounting grooves 15 along 11 circumference settings of screw rod, move knife connecting plate 22 and connect in mounting groove 15, mounting groove 15 be V type structure.
Specifically, quiet sword subassembly 4 still includes quiet sword and connects arc 42, quiet sword 41 distributes in quiet sword and connects arc 42, quiet sword 41 is the equidistance and distributes, quiet sword connect the arc 42 connect in barrel 3 and with the laminating of barrel 3 outer wall, the barrel 3 outer wall is equipped with the perforation 37 that is used for quiet sword 41 to pass.
Specifically, the movable tool bit 21 is wedge-shaped, and the static tool bit 41 is cuboid-shaped.
Specifically, the outer portion of the barrel 3 is further provided with a protective casing 200, the protective casing 200 is connected to the frame 100, and the top end and the two side ends of the protective casing 200 are both provided with slots 210. The slot 210 is used for heat dissipation and observation of the operation of the device.
The embodiment also provides a plastic crushing method using the equipment, which comprises the following steps:
s1: primarily sorting the household garbage recycled by the garbage recycling station, and sorting out plastic solid waste in the household garbage; preliminarily cleaning and disinfecting the selected plastic solid waste, and classifying the cleaned and disinfected waste plastics according to the types of processing materials; removing excessive moisture generated in the waste plastic cleaning process by adopting a microwave drying method or a blowing method, wherein in the embodiment, the microwave drying power range is 300-800 w, so that the moisture is prevented from corroding equipment and affecting the service life; performing primary crushing on wastes with larger volume in the plastic wastes to obtain waste plastics with the particle size range within 10mm;
s2: waste plastics obtained after primary crushing are put into a feed inlet 31, the waste plastics arrive at the position of a conveying screw rod 1 through the feed inlet 31, power is transmitted to the conveying screw rod 1 through a driving mechanism 5, the rotating speed of the screw rod 1 is 200r/min-700r/min, the waste plastics are pushed to the positions of a movable cutter component 2 and a static cutter component 4 through a spiral structure 12 on a screw rod body 11, the aperture of a plastic particle screening net at each discharge outlet 32 is adjusted, and the aperture range is 0.05mm-10mm;
s3: the waste plastics are crushed by the shearing force generated by the movable cutter head 21 and the static cutter head 41, and the plastic particles with the diameter smaller than the plastic particle screening mesh enter the blanking channel 61 through the plastic particle screening mesh at the discharge port 32 and enter the blanking box through the blanking channel 61;
s4: plastic particles larger than the aperture of the plastic particle screening net are continuously pushed to the positions of the next movable cutter component 2 and the static cutter component 4 through the spiral structure 12 on the screw body 11, are crushed for the second time, and are screened for the second time through the plastic particle screening net at the upper end of the next blanking channel 61;
s5: then, sequentially pushing plastic particles which do not fall into the blanking channel 61 until plastic crushing is carried out at the positions of the last movable cutter component 2 and the last static cutter component 4;
s6: the plastic granules in each receiving box 62 are taken out and recovered, and the plastic granules with different grain diameters are used for experimental research or industrial production.
Specifically, the plastic waste can be cleaned by using a combination of cleaning agent, organic solvent or ultrasonic cleaning to remove pollutants in or on the surface of the plastic waste.
Specifically, the plastic waste is classified according to the types of processing materials, so that the classification of plastic particles at the later stage is facilitated, and the complex work of secondary classification is reduced.
In particular, high-temperature steam, ultraviolet rays or disinfectants and other modes are adopted when the plastic is disinfected, so that the infection sources of diseases are reduced.
Specifically, the drying method comprises mechanical extrusion dehydration and microwave drying, so that the influence of redundant water accumulated in the plastic on the normal operation of the equipment is avoided.
Specifically, the clearance between the movable cutter head 21 and the static cutter head 41 ranges from 0.05mm to 10mm.
In summary, according to the plastic waste crushing apparatus and method provided by the invention, plastic can be pushed forward to the positions of the moving blade assembly 2 and the static blade assembly 4 to be crushed through the spiral structure 12 of the conveying screw 1, plastic particles meeting the particle size requirement fall into the receiving assembly 6, and plastic particles not meeting the requirement are pushed by the spiral structure 12 to continue to be crushed towards the positions of the next moving blade assembly 2 and the static blade assembly 4 until plastic particles meeting the particle size requirement are obtained. The invention only needs one-time feeding, omits the complex process of multiple times of feeding, has good crushing effect and high efficiency, can obtain plastic particles meeting the requirement of particle size through one-time feeding, saves time and improves working efficiency.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a plastic refuse crushing apparatus, includes frame (100), its characterized in that is equipped with on frame (100):
the conveying screw (1) comprises a screw body (11) and spiral structures (12) distributed on the screw body (11) at intervals;
the movable knife component (2) is arranged between the adjacent spiral structures (12), and the movable knife component (2) comprises a plurality of movable knife heads (21) which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screw rod body (11);
the conveying screw (1) is arranged in the machine barrel (3), the machine barrel (3) is provided with a feeding hole (31) and a discharging hole (32), and the discharging hole (32) is positioned on the lower side of the spiral structure (12);
the static cutter component (4) is axially arranged along the machine barrel (3), the static cutter component (4) comprises a plurality of static cutter heads (41) which are axially arranged along the inner wall of the machine barrel (3) at intervals, and the movable cutter heads (21) and the static cutter heads (41) are alternately arranged;
the driving mechanism (5), driving mechanism (5) is including connecting in reduction gear (51) and bearing frame (52) of frame (100), reduction gear (51) transmit power through gear shaft and helical gear matched with mode, the one end of screw rod body (11) be equipped with spline (16) that the output of reduction gear (51) links to each other, the other end of screw rod body (11) rotates to be connected in bearing frame (52).
2. The plastic garbage crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the machine barrel (3) comprises a front barrel (33), a middle barrel (34) and a rear barrel (35) which are connected in sequence, the feed port (31) is formed in the upper end of the front barrel (33), a feed screw (13) is arranged on the screw body (11) below the feed port (31), the feed port (31) is connected with a feed hopper (36), the discharge ports (32) are distributed on the lower end barrel wall of the middle barrel (34), a machine barrel outlet (351) is formed in one end of the rear barrel (35), and a discharge screw (14) is arranged on the screw body (11) on one side of the machine barrel outlet (351).
3. The plastic garbage crushing device according to claim 1, further comprising a first support frame (38) and a second support frame (39) respectively disposed at two ends of the screw body (11), wherein one end of the screw body (11) passes through the first support frame (38), the other end of the screw body (11) passes through the second support frame (39), and the screw body (11) is rotatably connected to the first support frame (38) and the second support frame (39).
4. The plastic garbage crushing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the front cylinder (33), the middle cylinder (34) and the rear cylinder (35) are sequentially connected through flanges, the front cylinder (33) is connected to the first support frame (38), and the rear cylinder (35) is connected to the second support frame (39).
5. The plastic garbage crushing device according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a material receiving assembly (6) distributed on the lower side of the machine barrel (3), wherein the material receiving assembly (6) comprises a plastic particle screening net, a blanking channel (61) and a material receiving box (62), the blanking channel (61) is communicated with a discharge hole (32) in the lower side end of the machine barrel (3), the plastic particle screening net is arranged at the discharge hole (32), the material receiving box (62) is in clearance fit with the bottom end of the blanking channel (61), and a handle (63) for drawing the material receiving box (62) out of the blanking channel (61) is installed on the material receiving box (62).
6. The plastic garbage crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the movable cutter assembly (2) further comprises a movable cutter connecting plate (22), the movable cutter heads (21) are distributed at one side end of the movable cutter connecting plate (22), the conveying screw (1) further comprises a plurality of mounting grooves (15) arranged along the circumferential direction of the screw body (11), and the movable cutter connecting plate (22) is connected to the mounting grooves (15).
7. The plastic garbage crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the static knife assembly (4) further comprises a static knife connecting arc plate (42), the static knife heads (41) are distributed on the static knife connecting arc plate (42), the static knife connecting arc plate (42) is connected to the machine barrel (3) and attached to the outer wall of the machine barrel (3), and the outer wall of the machine barrel (3) is provided with through holes (37) for the static knife heads (41) to pass through.
8. The plastic garbage crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the movable cutter head (21) is wedge-shaped, and the static cutter head (41) is cuboid-shaped.
9. A crushing method using the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
s1: primarily sorting the household garbage recycled by the garbage recycling station, and sorting out plastic solid waste in the household garbage; preliminarily cleaning and disinfecting the selected plastic solid waste, and classifying the cleaned and disinfected waste plastic according to the types of processing materials; removing excessive moisture generated in the cleaning process of the waste plastics by adopting a microwave drying method or a blowing method, primarily crushing the plastic wastes, and obtaining the waste plastics with the particle size range within 10mm after primary crushing;
s2: waste plastics obtained after primary crushing are put into a feed inlet (31), the waste plastics arrive at the position of a conveying screw (1) through the feed inlet (31), power is transmitted to the conveying screw (1) through a driving mechanism (5), and the rotating speed of the screw (1) is 200r/min-700r/min: waste plastics are pushed to the positions of the movable cutter component (2) and the static cutter component (4) through a spiral structure (12) on the screw body (11), the aperture of a plastic particle screening net at each discharge port (32) is adjusted, and the aperture range is 0.05mm-10mm;
s3: waste plastics are crushed by shearing force generated by the movable cutter head (21) and the static cutter head (41), and plastic particles smaller than the diameter of the plastic particle screening net enter the blanking channel (61) through the plastic particle screening net at the discharge hole (32) and enter the blanking box through the blanking channel (61);
s4: plastic particles larger than the aperture of the plastic particle screening net are continuously pushed to the positions of the next movable cutter component (2) and the static cutter component (4) through the spiral structure (12) on the screw body (11) and are subjected to secondary crushing, and then secondary screening is performed through the plastic particle screening net at the upper end of the next blanking channel (61);
s5: then, plastic particles which do not fall into the blanking channel (61) are pushed in sequence until the positions of the last movable cutter component (2) and the static cutter component (4) are subjected to plastic crushing;
s6: the plastic granules in the respective receiving box (62) are removed and recovered.
10. A crushing method according to claim 9, wherein the clearance between the moving blade (21) and the static blade (41) is in the range of 0.05mm to 10mm.
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| CN115070998A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-09-20 | 青岛科技大学 | Sectional adjustable domestic plastic garbage continuous crushing equipment and method |
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