CN115284495A - Plastic garbage crushing equipment and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to plastic garbage crushing equipment and a method. The invention comprises a conveying screw, which comprises a screw body and spiral structures distributed on the screw body at intervals; the movable cutter component is arranged between the adjacent spiral structures and comprises a plurality of movable cutter heads which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screw body; the conveying screw is arranged in the machine barrel, the machine barrel is provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole, and the discharging hole is positioned at the lower side of the spiral structure; the static cutter component is arranged along the axial direction of the machine barrel and comprises a plurality of static cutter heads which are arranged along the axial direction of the inner wall of the machine barrel at intervals, and the dynamic cutter heads and the static cutter heads are alternately arranged; and the driving mechanism is used for driving the conveying screw to rotate. The invention can obtain plastic particles meeting the requirement of particle size by one-time feeding, thereby saving time and improving working efficiency.

Description

Equipment and method for crushing plastic waste

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of plastic waste recycling, in particular to a plastic waste crushing equipment and method.

Background technique

Plastic polymers are a major invention in modern society, with a wide variety, and the widespread use of plastic products has brought convenience to people's lives. At present, the plastic industry has become a pillar industry of my country's economy. With the increase of plastic production capacity, the composition has also undergone earth-shaking changes. The accumulation of large amounts of plastic waste also poses severe challenges to people. These wastes occupy cultivated land, pollute the environment, have a long degradation cycle, and cause a large waste of resources. We must pay attention to them.

The mechanical recycling of waste plastic regeneration includes sorting and recycling, sorting, crushing, cleaning, granulation, and injection molding/drawing, among which crushing is an important process of plastic collection. Plastic crushers are mainly used to crush various plastics for industrial use. The crushing quality of the crusher often determines the regeneration quality of plastic products. In the actual production process, the plastic crusher often drives the moving knife disc to rotate at high speed through the motor, and the high-speed rotation of the moving knife makes it form relative motion with the fixed knife, and then utilizes the relative movement between the moving knife and the fixed knife. The plastic crushing and shearing kerf caused by the gap will crush the large pieces of plastic, but the plastic crushers in the prior art have poor crushing effect, and the crushing rate is slow and the efficiency is low.

Contents of the invention

To this end, the present invention provides a plastic waste crushing equipment and method, which can efficiently and quickly crush waste plastics, with good crushing effect and high efficiency, and can obtain plastic particles meeting the particle size requirements through one-time feeding.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a plastic waste shredding equipment, including a frame, and the frame is provided with:

Conveying screw, which includes a screw body and helical structures distributed on the screw body at intervals;

A moving knife assembly, which is arranged between adjacent helical structures, and the moving knife assembly includes a plurality of moving knife heads arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screw body;

A machine barrel, the conveying screw is arranged in the machine barrel, the machine barrel is provided with a material inlet and a material outlet, and the material outlet is located on the lower side of the spiral structure;

A static knife assembly, which is arranged axially along the machine barrel, and the static knife assembly includes a plurality of static knife heads arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the inner wall of the machine barrel, and the moving knife heads are arranged alternately with the static knife heads;

The driving mechanism is used to drive the conveying screw to rotate.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism includes a reducer and a bearing seat connected to the frame, the reducer transmits power through the gear shaft and the helical gear, and one end of the screw body is set There is a spline connected with the output end of the reducer, and the other end of the screw body is rotatably connected to the bearing seat.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the barrel includes a front barrel, a middle barrel and a rear barrel connected in sequence, the feed inlet is arranged at the upper end of the front barrel, and the screw body is A feed screw is provided at the position below the feed port, the feed port is connected with a feed funnel, the discharge port is distributed on the lower wall of the middle cylinder, and a machine is installed at one end of the rear cylinder. barrel outlet, and the screw body is provided with a discharge screw on one side of the barrel outlet.

In one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a first support frame and a second support frame respectively arranged at both ends of the screw body, one end of the screw body passes through the first support frame, and the other end of the screw body passes through the second support frame. Two support frames, the screw body is rotatably connected to the first support frame and the second support frame.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the front cylinder, the middle cylinder and the rear cylinder are sequentially connected by flanges, the front cylinder is connected to the first support frame, and the rear cylinder is connected to the second support frame.

In one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a material receiving assembly distributed on the lower side of the machine barrel, the material receiving assembly includes a plastic particle screen, a feeding channel and a material receiving box, and the feeding channel is communicated with the machine. The discharge port at the lower side of the barrel, the plastic granule screen is set at the discharge port, the receiving box is in clearance with the bottom end of the blanking channel, and the receiving box is equipped with a device for feeding the receiving box from the blanking channel Withdrawn handle.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the moving knife assembly further includes a moving knife connecting plate, the moving knife head is distributed on one side of the moving knife connecting plate, and the conveying screw further includes a plurality of installation slots, and the moving knife connecting plate is connected to the installation slots.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the static knife assembly further includes a static knife connecting arc plate, the static knife head is distributed on the static knife connecting arc plate, and the static knife connecting arc plate is connected to the barrel and is connected with the The outer wall of the machine barrel is bonded, and the outer wall of the machine barrel is provided with a perforation for the static knife head to pass through.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the movable cutter head is wedge-shaped, and the static cutter head is cuboid-shaped.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a protective shell is provided outside the machine barrel, the protective shell is connected to the machine frame, and slots are provided at the top and both sides of the protective shell.

The present invention also provides a crushing method using the device, comprising the steps of:

S1: Preliminary sorting of the domestic waste recovered by the garbage recycling station to select the plastic solid waste in the domestic waste; conduct preliminary cleaning and disinfection of the selected plastic solid waste, and the waste plastic after cleaning and disinfection is processed according to Classify the types of materials; use microwave drying method or purging method to remove excess water generated during the cleaning process of waste plastics, and carry out preliminary crushing of plastic wastes. After preliminary crushing, the particle size range of waste plastics is within 10mm;

S2: Put the waste plastic obtained after primary crushing into the feeding port, the waste plastic reaches the position of the conveying screw through the feeding port, and transmits power to the conveying screw through the driving mechanism, and the screw speed is 200r/min-700r/min: waste plastic Push it to the position of the moving knife assembly and the static knife assembly through the helical structure on the screw body, and adjust the aperture of the plastic particle screen at each outlet, and the aperture range is 0.05mm-10mm;

S3: The waste plastic is crushed by the shear force generated by the moving knife head and the static knife head, and the plastic particles smaller than the aperture of the plastic particle screen enter the blanking channel through the plastic particle screen at the discharge port, and enter through the blanking channel in the drop box;

S4: Plastic particles larger than the pore size of the plastic particle screening mesh continue to be pushed to the position of the next moving knife assembly and the static knife assembly through the helical structure on the screw body, and undergo secondary crushing, and then pass through the plastic particle screening at the upper end of the next blanking channel Network for secondary screening;

S5: Then push the plastic particles that have not fallen into the blanking channel in sequence until the final position of the moving knife assembly and the static knife assembly for plastic crushing;

S6: Taking out and recycling the plastic particles in each receiving box.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the gap between the movable cutter head and the static cutter head is in the range of 0.05mm-10mm.

The above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

According to the plastic waste crushing equipment and method of the present invention, the plastic can be pushed forward to the position of the moving knife assembly and the static knife assembly for crushing through the helical structure of the conveying screw, and the plastic particles that meet the particle size requirements fall into the material receiving assembly Under the push of the spiral structure, the plastic particles that do not meet the requirements continue to be pulverized at the position of the next moving knife assembly and the static knife assembly until plastic particles that meet the particle size requirements are obtained. The invention only needs one feeding, avoids the complex process of multiple feedings, has good crushing effect and high efficiency, can obtain plastic particles meeting the particle size requirements through one feeding, saves time and improves work efficiency.

Description of drawings

In order to make the content of the present invention more easily understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below according to specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the single-screw multi-stage domestic plastic waste crushing equipment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic view from another perspective of the single-screw multi-stage household plastic waste crushing equipment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the conveying screw of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the barrel of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the barrel and the static knife assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of cooperation between the movable knife assembly and the static knife assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the material receiving assembly of the present invention.

Explanation of reference signs in the manual: 100, frame; 110, safety isolation plate; 120, safety door; 200, protective shell; 210, slotting; 1, conveying screw; 11, screw body; 12, helical structure; 13, feeding Spiral; 14, discharge screw; 15, installation groove; 16, spline; 2, moving knife assembly; 21, moving knife head; 22, moving knife connecting plate; 3, machine barrel; 31, feed port; 32, Material outlet; 33, front cylinder; 34, middle cylinder; 35, rear cylinder; 351, barrel outlet; 36, feed funnel; 37, perforation; 38, first support frame; 39, second support Frame; 4. Static knife assembly; 41. Static knife head; 42. Static knife connecting arc plate; 5. Driving mechanism; 51. Reducer; 52. Bearing seat; , receiving box; 63, handle.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the examples given are not intended to limit the present invention.

Referring to Figures 1 to 7, a plastic waste crushing device of the present invention includes a frame 100, and the frame 100 is provided with:

Conveying screw 1, which includes a screw body 11 and helical structures 12 distributed on the screw body 11 at intervals;

A movable knife assembly 2, which is arranged between adjacent helical structures 12, said movable knife assembly 2 includes a plurality of movable knife heads 21 arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screw body 11;

Barrel 3, the conveying screw 1 is arranged in the barrel 3, the barrel 3 is provided with a feed port 31 and a discharge port 32, and the discharge port 32 is located on the lower side of the spiral structure 12;

Static knife assembly 4, which is arranged axially along the machine barrel 3, said static knife assembly 4 includes a plurality of static knife heads 41 arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the inner wall of the machine barrel 3, the moving knife head 21 and the static knife head 41 are alternately arranged, and the movable cutter head 21 and the static cutter head 41 are in clearance fit;

The driving mechanism 5 is used to drive the conveying screw 1 to rotate.

Specifically, the drive mechanism 5 includes a reducer 51 and a bearing seat 52 connected to the frame 100, the reducer 51 transmits power through a gear shaft and a helical gear, and one end of the screw body 11 is provided with The spline connected to the output end of the reducer 51 , the other end of the screw body 11 is rotatably connected to the bearing seat 52 .

Specifically, the diameter of the spiral structure 12 along the feeding direction is thickened successively, which facilitates the pushing and grinding of waste plastics, and adopts the segmented design of material pushing and material cutting, which can avoid the plastic in the barrel 3 due to the material The problem of melting occurs during continuous pushing.

Specifically, the barrel 3 includes a front barrel 33, a middle barrel 34 and a rear barrel 35 which are sequentially connected by flanges, the feed inlet 31 is arranged at the upper end of the front barrel 33, and the screw The body 11 is provided with a feed screw 13 at a position below the feed port 31, the feed port 31 is connected with a feed funnel 36, and the discharge port 32 is distributed on the lower wall of the middle cylinder 34. , one end of the rear barrel 35 is provided with a barrel outlet 351 , and the screw body 11 is provided with a discharge screw 14 at one side of the barrel outlet 351 . Through the above arrangement, the machine barrel 3 adopts the form of connecting multiple parts, which is convenient for post-processing and improves the strength of the machine barrel 3 .

Specifically, the feed funnel 36 is fixed to the upper end of the machine barrel 3 by bolts, and the upper port of the feed funnel 36 is designed as a prism with a large top and a small bottom, and the middle part of the feed funnel 36 is Cuboid shape, the lower end of described feeding funnel 36 is the cube or cuboid that cooperates with machine barrel 3 faces.

Specifically, it also includes a first support frame 38 and a second support frame 39 respectively arranged at two ends of the screw body 11, one end of the screw body 11 passes through the first support frame 38, and the other end of the screw body 11 passes through the second support frame. The support frame 39, the screw body 11 is rotatably connected to the first support frame 38 and the second support frame 39, the front cylinder body 33, the middle cylinder body 34 and the rear cylinder body 35 are sequentially connected by flanges, the The front cylinder 33 is connected to a first support frame 38 , and the rear cylinder 35 is connected to a second support frame 39 .

Specifically, it also includes a material receiving assembly 6 distributed on the lower side of the machine barrel 3, and the material receiving assembly 6 includes a plastic particle screen, a blanking channel 61 and a material receiving box 62, and the blanking channel 61 is communicated with the barrel 3 the discharge port 32 at the lower side, the plastic granule screen is located at the discharge port 32, the receiving box 62 is in clearance with the bottom end of the blanking channel 61, and the receiving box 62 is equipped with a 62 the handle 63 that is extracted from the discharge channel 61.

Specifically, one side of the frame 100 is equipped with a safety isolation plate 110 with cooling holes, which is hingedly connected with the frame 100, and a safety door 120 is installed on the other side of the frame 100, and a safety door 120 handle is installed on the safety door 120. It is convenient for the staff to operate.

Specifically, the moving knife assembly 2 also includes a moving knife connecting plate 22, and the moving knife head 21 is distributed on one side of the moving knife connecting plate 22. The conveying screw 1 also includes a A plurality of installation grooves 15, the moving knife connecting plate 22 is connected to the installation grooves 15, and the installation groove 15 has a V-shaped structure.

Specifically, the static knife assembly 4 also includes a static knife connecting arc plate 42, the static knife head 41 is distributed on the static knife connecting arc plate 42, the static knife heads 41 are equidistantly distributed, and the static knife connecting arc plate 42 is connected to the barrel 3 and attached to the outer wall of the barrel 3 , and the outer wall of the barrel 3 is provided with a perforation 37 for the static cutter head 41 to pass through.

Specifically, the movable cutter head 21 is wedge-shaped, and the static cutter head 41 is rectangular parallelepiped.

Specifically, a protective shell 200 is provided outside the machine barrel 3 , the protective shell 200 is connected to the frame 100 , and slots 210 are provided at the top and both sides of the protective shell 200 . The slot 210 is used for heat dissipation and observation of equipment operation.

The present embodiment also provides a plastic crushing method using the above-mentioned equipment, comprising the following steps:

S1: Preliminary sorting of the domestic waste recovered by the garbage recycling station to select the plastic solid waste in the domestic waste; conduct preliminary cleaning and disinfection of the selected plastic solid waste, and the waste plastic after cleaning and disinfection is processed according to Classify the types of materials; use microwave drying method or purging method to remove excess water generated during the cleaning process of waste plastics. In this embodiment, the power range of microwave drying is 300w-800w to prevent water from corroding the equipment. Affect the service life; carry out preliminary crushing on the larger waste in the plastic waste, and the particle size range of the waste plastic after the preliminary crushing is within 10mm;

S2: Put the waste plastic obtained after preliminary crushing into the feed port 31, the waste plastic reaches the position of the conveying screw 1 through the feed port 31, and transmits power to the conveying screw 1 through the driving mechanism 5, and the speed of the screw 1 is 200r/min- 700r/min waste plastics are pushed to the positions of the moving knife assembly 2 and the static knife assembly 4 through the helical structure 12 on the screw body 11, and the apertures of the plastic particle screens at 32 places of each outlet are adjusted, and the aperture ranges from 0.05mm to 10mm;

S3: The waste plastics are crushed by the shearing force generated by the moving knife head 21 and the static knife head 41, and the plastic particles smaller than the aperture of the plastic particle screen mesh enter the discharge channel 61 through the plastic particle screen mesh at the outlet 32, and pass through The blanking channel 61 enters the blanking box;

S4: Plastic particles larger than the pore size of the plastic particle screening mesh continue to be pushed to the position of the next moving knife assembly 2 and the static knife assembly 4 through the helical structure 12 on the screw body 11, and are crushed for the second time, and then pass through the next blanking channel 61 The plastic particle screen at the upper end is used for secondary screening;

S5: Then push the plastic particles that have not fallen into the blanking channel 61 in sequence until the final position of the moving knife assembly 2 and the static knife assembly 4 for plastic crushing;

S6: Take out and recycle the plastic particles in each receiving box 62, and use plastic particles of different particle sizes for experimental research or industrial production.

Specifically, when cleaning plastic waste, a combination of cleaning agents, organic solvents, or ultrasonic cleaning can be used to remove pollutants inside or on the surface of waste plastics.

Specifically, plastic waste is classified according to the type of processing material to facilitate the classification of plastic particles in the later stage, and reduce the complicated work of secondary classification.

Specifically, high-temperature steam, ultraviolet light or disinfectants are used to sterilize plastics to reduce the source of disease infection.

Specifically, the drying method includes mechanical extrusion dehydration, microwave drying and natural drying, so as to avoid the excess moisture accumulated in the plastic from affecting the normal operation of the equipment.

Specifically, the gap between the movable cutter head 21 and the static cutter head 41 is in the range of 0.05mm-10mm.

In summary, the plastic waste crushing equipment and method of the present invention can push the plastic forward to the position of the moving knife assembly 2 and the static knife assembly 4 through the helical structure 12 of the conveying screw 1 for crushing, meeting the particle size requirements The plastic particles fall into the material receiving assembly 6, and the plastic particles that do not meet the requirements continue to be pulverized to the next moving knife assembly 2 and the static knife assembly 4 under the push of the spiral structure 12, until plastic particles that meet the particle size requirements are obtained. The invention only needs one feeding, avoids the complex process of multiple feedings, has good crushing effect and high efficiency, can obtain plastic particles meeting the particle size requirements through one feeding, saves time and improves work efficiency.

Finally, it should be noted that the above specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a plastic refuse crushing apparatus, includes frame (100), its characterized in that is equipped with on frame (100):

the conveying screw (1) comprises a screw body (11) and spiral structures (12) distributed on the screw body (11) at intervals;

the movable knife component (2) is arranged between the adjacent spiral structures (12), and the movable knife component (2) comprises a plurality of movable knife heads (21) which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screw rod body (11);

the conveying screw (1) is arranged in the machine barrel (3), the machine barrel (3) is provided with a feeding hole (31) and a discharging hole (32), and the discharging hole (32) is positioned on the lower side of the spiral structure (12);

the static cutter component (4) is axially arranged along the machine barrel (3), the static cutter component (4) comprises a plurality of static cutter heads (41) which are axially arranged along the inner wall of the machine barrel (3) at intervals, and the movable cutter heads (21) and the static cutter heads (41) are alternately arranged;

the driving mechanism (5), driving mechanism (5) is including connecting in reduction gear (51) and bearing frame (52) of frame (100), reduction gear (51) transmit power through gear shaft and helical gear matched with mode, the one end of screw rod body (11) be equipped with spline (16) that the output of reduction gear (51) links to each other, the other end of screw rod body (11) rotates to be connected in bearing frame (52).

2. The plastic garbage crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the machine barrel (3) comprises a front barrel (33), a middle barrel (34) and a rear barrel (35) which are connected in sequence, the feed port (31) is formed in the upper end of the front barrel (33), a feed screw (13) is arranged on the screw body (11) below the feed port (31), the feed port (31) is connected with a feed hopper (36), the discharge ports (32) are distributed on the lower end barrel wall of the middle barrel (34), a machine barrel outlet (351) is formed in one end of the rear barrel (35), and a discharge screw (14) is arranged on the screw body (11) on one side of the machine barrel outlet (351).

3. The plastic garbage crushing device according to claim 1, further comprising a first support frame (38) and a second support frame (39) respectively disposed at two ends of the screw body (11), wherein one end of the screw body (11) passes through the first support frame (38), the other end of the screw body (11) passes through the second support frame (39), and the screw body (11) is rotatably connected to the first support frame (38) and the second support frame (39).

4. The plastic garbage crushing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the front cylinder (33), the middle cylinder (34) and the rear cylinder (35) are sequentially connected through flanges, the front cylinder (33) is connected to the first support frame (38), and the rear cylinder (35) is connected to the second support frame (39).

5. The plastic garbage crushing device according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a material receiving assembly (6) distributed on the lower side of the machine barrel (3), wherein the material receiving assembly (6) comprises a plastic particle screening net, a blanking channel (61) and a material receiving box (62), the blanking channel (61) is communicated with a discharge hole (32) in the lower side end of the machine barrel (3), the plastic particle screening net is arranged at the discharge hole (32), the material receiving box (62) is in clearance fit with the bottom end of the blanking channel (61), and a handle (63) for drawing the material receiving box (62) out of the blanking channel (61) is installed on the material receiving box (62).

6. The plastic garbage crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the movable cutter assembly (2) further comprises a movable cutter connecting plate (22), the movable cutter heads (21) are distributed at one side end of the movable cutter connecting plate (22), the conveying screw (1) further comprises a plurality of mounting grooves (15) arranged along the circumferential direction of the screw body (11), and the movable cutter connecting plate (22) is connected to the mounting grooves (15).

7. The plastic garbage crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the static knife assembly (4) further comprises a static knife connecting arc plate (42), the static knife heads (41) are distributed on the static knife connecting arc plate (42), the static knife connecting arc plate (42) is connected to the machine barrel (3) and attached to the outer wall of the machine barrel (3), and the outer wall of the machine barrel (3) is provided with through holes (37) for the static knife heads (41) to pass through.

8. The plastic garbage crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the movable cutter head (21) is wedge-shaped, and the static cutter head (41) is cuboid-shaped.

9. A crushing method using the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

s1: primarily sorting the household garbage recycled by the garbage recycling station, and sorting out plastic solid waste in the household garbage; preliminarily cleaning and disinfecting the selected plastic solid waste, and classifying the cleaned and disinfected waste plastic according to the types of processing materials; removing excessive moisture generated in the cleaning process of the waste plastics by adopting a microwave drying method or a blowing method, primarily crushing the plastic wastes, and obtaining the waste plastics with the particle size range within 10mm after primary crushing;

s2: waste plastics obtained after primary crushing are put into a feed inlet (31), the waste plastics arrive at the position of a conveying screw (1) through the feed inlet (31), power is transmitted to the conveying screw (1) through a driving mechanism (5), and the rotating speed of the screw (1) is 200r/min-700r/min: waste plastics are pushed to the positions of the movable cutter component (2) and the static cutter component (4) through a spiral structure (12) on the screw body (11), the aperture of a plastic particle screening net at each discharge port (32) is adjusted, and the aperture range is 0.05mm-10mm;

s3: waste plastics are crushed by shearing force generated by the movable cutter head (21) and the static cutter head (41), and plastic particles smaller than the diameter of the plastic particle screening net enter the blanking channel (61) through the plastic particle screening net at the discharge hole (32) and enter the blanking box through the blanking channel (61);

s4: plastic particles larger than the aperture of the plastic particle screening net are continuously pushed to the positions of the next movable cutter component (2) and the static cutter component (4) through the spiral structure (12) on the screw body (11) and are subjected to secondary crushing, and then secondary screening is performed through the plastic particle screening net at the upper end of the next blanking channel (61);

s5: then, plastic particles which do not fall into the blanking channel (61) are pushed in sequence until the positions of the last movable cutter component (2) and the static cutter component (4) are subjected to plastic crushing;

s6: the plastic granules in the respective receiving box (62) are removed and recovered.

10. A crushing method according to claim 9, wherein the clearance between the moving blade (21) and the static blade (41) is in the range of 0.05mm to 10mm.

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