CN115281197B - 一种蝇类引诱剂 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/002—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits
- A01N25/006—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits insecticidal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P19/00—Pest attractants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
本发明属于卫生害虫防治领域,公开了一种蝇类引诱剂,包括以下重量百分比的原料:红糖7‑10%,粪臭素0.005‑0.02%,诱虫烯0.02‑0.05%,酵母浸粉0.4‑1%,蝇蛆粉0.7‑1%,挥发助剂0.5‑1%,赋形剂1‑60%,防腐剂0‑0.05%,色素0‑0.3%,保湿剂0‑20%,其余为溶剂。本发明的蝇类引诱剂能够增加蝇类引诱数量、增强对雌蝇的吸引力,而且能够增加对花蝇和丽蝇的引诱,在提高蝇类引诱效果的同时扩大对性别、种类的覆盖,能够广泛适用于孳生地、人居环境等多种场合的蝇类引诱,适用于蝇类本底调查和生态学监测;作为引诱剂,与杀虫剂、粘蝇板(纸)配合使用还能够提高诱捕效果,达到有效防控、快速降低密度的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于卫生害虫防治领域,具有涉及一种蝇类引诱剂。
背景技术
苍蝇是一类重要卫生害虫,极易附着多种人类病原微生物,如霍乱弧菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌等。苍蝇喜欢在人畜粪尿、痰、呕吐物及尸体等处觅食,又常在人体、食物、餐饮具上停留,有边食、边吐、边拉的取食特点,在停落时也有搓足、刷身和振翅的习性,附着在它身上的病原体很快就污染食物和餐饮具。
苍蝇的成虫是活动能力最强的虫态,且是传播病原物的关键虫态。近年来,采用引诱剂防治成虫是世界灭蝇技术发展的主要研发趋势。如何制备强力的引诱剂是整个产品诱杀性能的关键。苍蝇的种类繁多,不同的环境中主要蝇类对诱蝇剂的趋性强弱有差异,如,引诱家蝇的引诱剂对饲养场的引诱效果下降。因此,需要开发一种对各种种类的苍蝇均具有高效引诱性能的引诱剂。
发明内容
针对目前蝇类引诱剂对不同种类苍蝇的引诱效果有差异的问题,本发明提供一种蝇类引诱剂,能够对绝大多数蝇类均有较好的引诱效果。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种蝇类引诱剂,包括以下重量百分比的原料:
红糖 7-10%,
粪臭素 0.005-0.02%,
诱虫烯 0.02-0.05%,
酵母浸粉 0.4-1%,
蝇蛆粉 0.7-1%,
挥发助剂 0.5-1%,
赋形剂 1-60%,
防腐剂 0-0.05%,
色素 0-0.3%,
保湿剂 0-20%,
其余为溶剂。
优选地,所述挥发助剂选自乙酸乙酯、乙醇、异丙醇中的一种或几种。
所述赋形剂是为了将蝇类引诱剂制备成一定形状而使用的惰性填充材料。优选地,所述赋形剂选自琼脂、卡拉胶、海藻糖、海藻酸钠、明胶、卡波姆、魔芋胶、刺豆槐胶、瓜儿豆胶、黄原胶、冷结胶中的一种或几种。
优选地,所述防腐剂可以选择山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠、尼泊金酯及其钠盐中的一种或几种。
优选地,所述保湿剂选自丙三醇、丙二醇、山梨醇中的一种或几种。
优选地,所述溶剂选自水、乙醇或缓冲液中的一种或几种。
优选地,所述色素选自黑色素、红色素和荧光黄颗粒中的一种或几种。
优选地,上述蝇类引诱剂还可以包括对蝇类有效的杀虫剂;如,呋虫胺、吡虫啉、残杀威、啶虫脒、甲基吡噁磷等。
上述蝇类引诱剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将赋形剂加入适量溶剂获得凝胶基质;
(2)将红糖、粪臭素、诱虫烯、酵母浸粉、蝇蛆粉和挥发助剂混合后,加入适量溶剂混合,选择性加入防腐剂、色素和保湿剂,补足溶剂混合成液料;
(3)将凝胶基质和液料混合均匀并成型,获得蝇类引诱剂。
本发明具有以下优点:
本发明的蝇类引诱剂能够增加蝇类引诱数量、增强对雌蝇的吸引力,而且能够增加对花蝇和丽蝇的引诱,在提高蝇类引诱效果的同时扩大对性别、种类的覆盖,能够广泛适用于孳生地、人居环境等多种场合的蝇类引诱,适用于蝇类本底调查和生态学监测;作为引诱剂,与杀虫剂、粘蝇板(纸)配合使用还能够提高诱捕效果,达到有效防控、快速降低密度的目的。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明不受下述实施例的限制。
实施例1 蝇类引诱剂的制备
按照以下配方分别配制蝇类引诱剂:
按照以下方法制备:
(1)将红糖、酵母浸粉和蝇蛆粉加入适量水,混合成料浆1;
(2)将粪臭素、诱虫烯、挥发助剂选择性加入乙醇剂混合成料浆2;
(3)在搅拌条件下将料浆2喷入料浆1中混合均匀,获得液料;
(4)将赋形剂加入适量溶剂,溶胀后调节pH或加热溶解,获得凝胶基质;
(5)将液料加入凝胶基质中搅拌,获得蝇类引诱剂。
对比例1 蝇类引诱剂的制备
按照以下配方和方法制备对比蝇类引诱剂:
(1)对比1:按照《全国病媒生物监测实施方案》,将红糖:食醋:水以质量比为1:1:1配制糖醋液;
(2)对比2:按照实施例1中配方1的配料,不同在于将酵母浸粉和蝇蛆粉以同比例的奶粉替代;
(3)对比3:按照实施例1中配方1的配料,不同在于将蝇蛆粉以同比例的鱼粉代替。
应用例1 蝇类引诱剂对蝇类的引诱效果
1. 引诱数量
将100只雌雄各半的羽化后3天-4天的家蝇成虫,雌雄各半。通过放虫孔释放进玻璃模拟现场(3.35米×3.35米×2.50米,容积约28立方米的密闭玻璃房)内,温度(26±1)℃;湿度60%±10%。待试虫恢复正常活动后,试验人员将分别盛有10g的实施例1制备的引诱剂、对比2-3引诱剂放置在模拟现场对角位置,另外一个对角位置放置对比1引诱剂;中间放置浸水的海绵块以提供水源。每隔半小时观察两个诱饵上的蝇数,并更换两个诱饵位置,连续观察5个小时,合计每个观察时间点的诱蝇数量,实验重复3次,按照以下公式计算诱蝇指数(AI):
。
表1 不同引诱剂引诱家蝇数量
由表1数据可知,各配方相比对比1的糖醋液,均能够提高对家蝇的引诱效果,表现为诱蝇数量和诱蝇指数的提高(F=366.79;P<0.001),其中,配方1诱蝇指数最高。添加荧光黄色素点的配方1在其他配料相同的情况下,比配方2的诱蝇指数高(F=8.552;P=0.001),说明荧光黄颗粒的加入能够增强引诱剂的引诱效果。通过比较配方1和对比2可知,酵母浸粉和蝇蛆粉的组合能够提高诱蝇数量(F=30.00;P<0.001)。通过比较配方1和对比3可知,相比鱼粉,蝇蛆粉的加入能够能够提高诱蝇数量(F=3.207;P=0.033)。
2. 对雌雄的引诱效果
取5个Y型嗅觉仪,随机编号。选取羽化后3天-4天的雌雄成蝇各1只,放入Y型管主臂中。试虫无异常后,在两测试臂末端,分别放入配方1和对比3的引诱剂各1g,5min后推动嗅觉仪中间隔板,使试虫可以随意进出各臂,每间隔0.5h观察试虫所在位置,连续观察5小时,每组累计观察10次。试验结束清洗并用酒精棉擦拭Y型嗅觉仪内壁,交换饵料放置臂后再进行下组试验。试验重复10次,每次重复均更换试虫,并翻转测试仪位置。
表2 不同引诱剂对雌蝇和雄蝇的引诱
由表2数据可知,配方1与对比3诱蝇比例为1.15:1,对比3诱捕雌蝇比例为31.18%,配方1诱捕雌蝇66.36%,表明配方1明显提高了诱捕雌蝇的效果。采用同样的方法将配方2-5的引诱剂与对比3进行试验,呈现了类似的结果:对比3对雌蝇的诱捕比例在30.02%-43.13%之间,而配方2-5对雌蝇的诱捕为68.13%-55.17%。这说明,蝇蛆粉能够提高引诱剂对雌性家蝇的引诱效果。
3. 取食量
将100只雌雄各半的羽化后3天-4天的家蝇成虫,雌雄各半,通过放虫孔释放进玻璃方箱(0.7m×0.7m×0.7m)内。待试虫恢复正常活动后,将分别盛有3g的实施例1制备的引诱剂、对比2引诱剂放置在模拟现场对角位置;中间放置浸水的海绵块以提供水源。24小时后,称取不同饵剂的重量,连续测量5次,每次间隔24小时。
将100只雌雄各半的羽化后3天-4天的家蝇成虫,雌雄各半。通过放虫孔释放进玻璃模拟现场(3.35米×3.35米×2.50米,容积约28立方米的密闭玻璃房)内,温度(26±1)℃;湿度60%±10%。待试虫恢复正常活动后,将分别盛有3g的实施例1制备的引诱剂、对比3引诱剂放置在模拟现场对角位置,另外一个对角位置放置对比2引诱剂;中间放置浸水的海绵块以提供水源。24小时后,称取不同饵剂的重量,连续测量5次,每次间隔24小时。整个试验重复3次。
表3 家蝇对不同引诱剂的取食量
由表3数据可知,在5个观察的时间点,家蝇取食配方1的量均高于对比2的量,累计取食量有明显差异(F=304.64;P<0.001)。
应用例2 蝇类引诱剂对不同蝇类的引诱效果
于济南市北郊垃圾场、居民区和公园3处分别进行现场试验:采用诱蝇笼法,在试验场所成环形放置8个诱蝇笼,每个诱蝇笼间距3米,分别使用不同的诱饵100g,笼间距≥50m。试验于2021年3-10月进行,每月中旬进行一次试验,09:00放笼,16:00收笼,将捕获蝇类带回实验室分类鉴定。
表4 蝇类引诱剂对不同蝇类的引诱效果(垃圾场)
表5 蝇类引诱剂对不同蝇类的引诱效果(居民区)
表6 蝇类引诱剂对不同蝇类的引诱效果(公园)
由表4-6可知:配方1-5比对比1、2诱捕更多蝇种,对丽蝇、花蝇的诱捕效果提高;配方1诱捕丽蝇和花蝇的比例是最高的。
Claims (4)
1.一种蝇类引诱剂,其特征在于,包括以下重量百分比的原料:
红糖 10%,
粪臭素 0.02%,
诱虫烯 0.05%,
酵母浸粉 1%,
蝇蛆粉 1%,
乙酸乙酯 1%,
琼脂 15%,
尼泊金甲酯钠 0.1%,
黑色色素 0.01%,
红色色素 0.02%,
荧光黄颗粒 0.01%,
丙三醇 5%,
乙醇 0.5%,
其余为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蝇类引诱剂,其特征在于,所述蝇类引诱剂还包括对蝇类有效的杀虫剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的蝇类引诱剂,其特征在于,杀虫剂选自呋虫胺、吡虫啉、残杀威、啶虫脒和甲基吡噁磷中的至少一种。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的蝇类引诱剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将琼脂加入适量水获得凝胶基质;
(2)将红糖、粪臭素、诱虫烯、酵母浸粉、蝇蛆粉和乙酸乙酯混合后,加入乙醇混合,加入尼泊金甲酯钠、黑色色素、红色色素、荧光黄颗粒和丙三醇,补足水混合成液料;
(3)将凝胶基质和液料混合均匀并成型,获得蝇类引诱剂。
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