CN115265684B - Reflection type flat flow channel with gradual change strip-shaped grating and flowmeter system - Google Patents
Reflection type flat flow channel with gradual change strip-shaped grating and flowmeter system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115265684B CN115265684B CN202210892825.3A CN202210892825A CN115265684B CN 115265684 B CN115265684 B CN 115265684B CN 202210892825 A CN202210892825 A CN 202210892825A CN 115265684 B CN115265684 B CN 115265684B
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/662—Constructional details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
Abstract
The invention discloses a reflection type flat flow channel with a gradual change strip-shaped grating and a flowmeter system, wherein the cross section of the flat flow channel is rectangular, and two ultrasonic sensors are distributed at the central position of one side wall of the flat flow channel in the up-down direction; the axes of the two ultrasonic sensors and the flow direction of the flat flow channel form included angles phi, the axis extension lines of the two ultrasonic sensors intersect on the other side wall, and the plane determined by the axes of the two ultrasonic sensors is perpendicular to the side wall; the flat runner is provided with a plurality of strip grids with gradually changed heights along the flow direction on the upper and lower inner wall surfaces, and the height of the strip grid closest to one side of the ultrasonic sensor is not less thanD is the effective radiation surface size of the ultrasonic sensor; the height of the strip-shaped grating gradually decreases along the direction away from the ultrasonic sensor. The invention can effectively solve the problem that the flat flow channel using the conventional strip-shaped grating cannot be applied to the reflection flow channel, and is beneficial to the accurate measurement of the gas flow rate of the flowmeter system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metering instruments, in particular to a reflection type flat flow channel with a gradual change strip-shaped grating and a flowmeter system.
Background
As people have a higher and higher degree of attention to the environment, natural gas is becoming a clean and environment-friendly green energy source, and the natural gas industry will develop rapidly in a long time in the future. In order to adapt to the development requirements of the natural gas industry, particularly the development requirements of gas companies on natural gas metering and pipe network transmission and distribution management, under the development background of informatization technology, ultrasonic gas flow meters have gradually played an increasing role in natural gas metering and transmission and distribution management.
At present, the domestic flowmeter applied to natural gas metering and delivery management is mainly a Roots meter and a turbine meter, and the two metering meters are mechanical metering meters, so that inherent weaknesses of the mechanical meters are difficult to get rid of, for example, the natural gas metering meters are high in quality requirement and easy to clamp, frequent in maintenance and high in maintenance cost, and meanwhile, along with the increase of the caliber of a natural gas delivery pipeline, the volume, the weight and the price of the two mechanical metering meters can be greatly increased, and the weaknesses seriously restrict the natural gas metering and pipe network delivery management to develop towards the directions of accuracy, stability, intelligence and high efficiency.
In order to overcome the disadvantages of mechanical metering devices, ultrasonic flow meters have been developed in the prior art. The current flowmeter flow channel design mainly comprises a flow channel with a circular cross section, and a flat flow channel with a rectangular cross section is also designed. Under the condition of a certain flow area, compared with a circular runner, the flat runner has smaller sizing size and can limit the size of a large vortex; meanwhile, under the condition of a certain flow, the Reynolds coefficient of the flattened runner fluid is higher, and the flattened runner fluid is easier to enter a turbulent flow area. The flat flow channels are thus stable to flow.
The chinese patent document with publication number CN105043474a discloses a novel flow channel structure for an ultrasonic flowmeter, which comprises a measuring flow channel body and two ultrasonic transducers, wherein the measuring flow channel body is a cuboid, and the two ultrasonic transducers are simultaneously arranged on the front side or the rear side of the measuring flow channel body in the horizontal direction.
Chinese patent publication No. CN110285861a discloses an ultrasonic flowmeter. The ultrasonic sensor comprises a fluid cavity, an ultrasonic sensor and a data acquisition and processing device; the fluid cavity is a through long pipe, and two ends of the pipe are compressed and deformed from a circular pipe to the center of the pipe to form a rectangular pipe; the ultrasonic sensor is arranged on the side wall of the rectangular pipeline in the fluid cavity and is in data connection with the data acquisition and processing device.
However, the ultrasonic signals have the problems of signal reflection and superposition in the flat flow channel, so that the flat flow channel has the problems of signal weakening, distortion and the like in practical application, and the application range of the flat flow channel is limited. For correlation type flow channels, the applicant designs a strip-shaped grating structure to solve the signal superposition problem, but the strip-shaped grating structure cannot be directly applied to reflection type flow channels.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a reflection type flat flow channel with a gradual change strip-shaped grating, which can effectively solve the problem that the flat flow channel using a conventional strip-shaped grating cannot be applied to the reflection type flow channel, and is beneficial to the accurate measurement of gas flow rate of a flowmeter system.
The cross section of the flat runner is rectangular, and the length L of the cross section is more than the height H; two ultrasonic sensors are distributed at the central position of one side wall in the up-down direction of the flat flow channel;
the axes of the two ultrasonic sensors and the flow direction of the flat flow channel form included angles phi, the axis extension lines of the two ultrasonic sensors intersect on the other side wall, and the plane determined by the axes of the two ultrasonic sensors is perpendicular to the side wall;
the flat runner is provided with a plurality of strip grids with gradually changed heights along the flow direction on the upper and lower inner wall surfaces, and the height of the strip grid closest to one side of the ultrasonic sensor is not less thanD is the effective radiation surface size of the ultrasonic sensor; the heights of the strip gratings are gradually reduced along the direction away from the ultrasonic sensor, so that the outer edges of all the strip gratings form the beam shape of the ultrasonic sensor.
The reflection type flat runner ensures sufficient signal propagation channels and larger signal reflection surfaces, simultaneously ensures that ultrasonic signals enter between adjacent strip grids as little as possible in the process of transmitting a sensor to an effective reflection surface, and forms reflection after entering between the adjacent strip grids in the process of transmitting the reflection surface to a receiving sensor but returns along the direction of entering the strip grids, so that superposition of the ultrasonic signals and target signals at a receiving end is finally weakened/eliminated.
Preferably, the flat runner is arranged on the upper and lower inner wall surfaces, the arrangement interval of two adjacent strip gratings is d, and the height difference of the two adjacent strip gratings is not less thanBeta is the included angle between the tangential line of the outer edge of the ultrasonic wave beam of the position where the strip-shaped grating is positioned and the horizontal plane.
Preferably, the ratio of the length L of the cross section to the height H is not less than 3.
Preferably, the included angle phi between the axes of the two ultrasonic sensors and the flow direction of the flat flow channel is 30-60 degrees.
The thickness t of the strip-shaped grating is smaller than half of the wavelength lambda of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic sensor, and the thickness t is used for preventing the ultrasonic signal from effectively reflecting at the top end of the strip-shaped grating to reach the ultrasonic sensor at the receiving end.
Alternatively, the top end of the bar grating is designed to prevent the ultrasonic signal from reaching the receiving end sensor after being reflected by the top of the grating.
Preferably, the length of the strip-shaped grating penetrates through the whole flat runner, the shape of the strip-shaped grating is rectangular, or other shapes such as a fold line shape, a wave shape and the like can be adopted, so long as the strip-shaped grating can effectively shield the reflected ultrasonic signals to prevent the reflected ultrasonic signals from reaching the receiving sensor.
Aiming at the situation that the target signal is reflected twice, the invention also provides another reflection type flat flow channel with a gradual change strip-shaped grating, wherein the cross section of the flat flow channel is rectangular, and the length L of the cross section is more than the height H; an ultrasonic sensor is respectively arranged at the central positions of the two side walls in the up-down direction of the flat flow channel;
the axes of the two ultrasonic sensors and the flow direction of the flat flow channel form included angles phi, the extension lines of the axes of the two ultrasonic sensors are parallel to each other, and the plane determined by the axes of the two ultrasonic sensors is perpendicular to the side wall; the axis extension line of one ultrasonic sensor is overlapped with the axis extension line of the other ultrasonic sensor after twice reflection of the two side walls;
dividing a flow passage between two ultrasonic sensors into 4/9 and 5/9 areas along the flow direction as boundary areas, and respectively arranging two sets of strip-shaped grids in front of and behind the boundary areas;
each set of strip-shaped grids comprises a plurality of strip-shaped grids with gradually changed heights, the strip-shaped grids are arranged on the upper inner wall surface and the lower inner wall surface of the flat runner respectively along the flow direction, and the height of the strip-shaped grid closest to one side corresponding to the ultrasonic sensor is not less thanD is the effective radiation surface size of the ultrasonic sensor; the heights of the strip gratings are gradually reduced along the direction away from the ultrasonic sensor, so that the outer edges of all the strip gratings form the beam shape of the ultrasonic sensor.
In practical application, the demarcation area may be provided with no grating or with transition gratings, i.e. two sets of strip gratings are connected by a plurality of transition gratings provided in the demarcation area.
The invention also provides a flowmeter system, which comprises a measuring flow channel, wherein the measuring flow channel consists of the reflection type flat flow channel with the gradual change strip-shaped grating; the measuring flow channel consists of a flat flow channel or is formed by stacking a plurality of flat flow channels.
The flowmeter system also comprises a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, and is used for completing the conversion from the gas working condition flow to the standard working condition flow.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can prevent the problem that the conventional strip-shaped grating cannot effectively shield the non-target signal which can reach the receiving sensor when being applied to the reflection type flow channel by utilizing the meticulously designed gradual change strip-shaped grating, and simultaneously can realize higher metering performance by virtue of the rectification function of the strip-shaped grating.
2. The invention reduces the influence of vortex on ultrasonic signals by means of the limitation of the smaller sizing size of the flat runner on the size of vortex in the runner; in addition, compared with correlation type, the reflection type acoustic path is larger, so that the accurate measurement of the micro flow is facilitated. The flowmeter system uses the flat flow channel, so that the metering precision and the metering capability for micro flow can be effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the problems with a conventional bar code design in a reflective channel design;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the problems associated with the application of an ultrasonic trap structure to a reflective flat flow channel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the problems of the shallow strip grid structure applied to the reflective flat flow channel;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the problem of abnormal superposition of ultrasonic signals when using a conventional bar grating;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure and parameters of a reflective flat runner using a graded strip grid;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flat flow channel using a graded strip grid;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of signal shielding of a progressive strip grille;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a superposition of three reflective flat flow channels with graded strip gratings.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, it being noted that the examples described below are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
As a theoretical basis, the principle of measuring the flow rate of gas using ultrasonic waves is briefly described as follows: the principle of measuring the gas flow by using ultrasonic waves is an ultrasonic time difference method, namely, the (forward flow) acceleration and the (backward flow) deceleration of a fluid to an ultrasonic signal are used, the medium flow velocity is calculated by respectively measuring the propagation time of ultrasonic waves in the forward flow direction and the backward flow direction and then utilizing the difference relation of the two directions, and finally the medium flow is obtained. That is, how to accurately identify the ultrasonic signal and accurately calculate the propagation time of the ultrasonic signal is a key whether the accurate measurement is possible; all factors affecting the stable propagation of the ultrasonic signal will affect the accuracy of the measurement.
For the correlation type sound channel, the conventional strip grating can be used for shielding, delaying, attenuating and shifting non-target signals, but the problem of abnormal signal superposition still exists in the reflection type sound channel design.
In the reflection type acoustic channel, as shown in fig. 1, each of the conventional strip gratings can be used as a reflection surface to reflect the stray ultrasonic signal to the receiving end sensor and form a superposition with the target signal. Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the problem existing when the ultrasonic trap structure is applied to the reflective flat flow channel, which can cause abnormal reflection and superposition of signals. Fig. 3 shows that the shallow strip grating structure has problems when applied to the reflective flat flow channel, which can cause abnormal reflection and superposition of signals.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of signal superposition when a conventional grid design is applied to a reflection type channel design. Wherein f 1 (t) is the target signal, f 2 (t)、f 3 (t)、f n And (t) is the signal (i.e., the signal propagating along the abnormal path in fig. 1) that reaches the receiving end after being reflected by the regular stripe-shaped grating design. Therefore, a plurality of signals along the abnormal path reach the receiving end and are overlapped with the target signal, so that the quality of the target signal is affected.
In theory, in the design of the ultrasonic trap structure, the depth of the strip-shaped grating can be infinitely increased, so that an ultrasonic black hole which can hardly escape an ultrasonic signal is formed, and the problems are solved, but the flat ratio of the flow channel is reduced, and then the flow state constraint capacity of the flat flow channel is reduced, so that the practical application is difficult.
In this regard, the invention provides a design method of a reflection type flat runner with a gradual change strip-shaped grating, which aims at solving the problems faced when the conventional strip-shaped grating design is applied to a reflection type sound channel.
As shown in fig. 5, the cross section of the flat flow channel is rectangular, the length of the rectangle is L, and the height is H; the two ultrasonic sensors are distributed at the central position of one side wall in the vertical direction, the axis extension lines of the two sensors SA and SB intersect on the other side wall, and the plane where the axes of the two sensors are located is vertical to the side wall; the included angles between the axes of the two sensors and the longitudinal (gas flow direction) axis of the flow channel are phi, and theoretically phi is not equal to 90 degrees; a strip grid is arranged on the upper and lower walls of the flow channel according to the following preferred principle:
a. the strip-shaped grids are distributed along the axial direction of the longitudinal direction (the fluid flow direction) of the runner;
b. the height of the strip-shaped grating is gradually changed, and the rule is that the closer to the sensor, the higher the height is;
c. the arrangement interval of the strip-shaped grids is d, the height of the current strip-shaped grid is h, and the included angle between the tangent line of the approximate outer edge of the ultrasonic sensor beam at the current grid and the plane where the sensor axis is positioned is beta, so that the height of the grid far away from the sensor in the two grids adjacent to the current sensor is not less thanThe height of the grating near the sensor is no greater than
d. The higher the highest grid height, the better, on the basis of ensuring that the target signal has enough transmission channels, the better can beWhere D is the sensor radiation surface size.
As shown in fig. 6, a schematic cross-sectional view of a flat flow channel using a graded strip grid is shown. The connecting line of the top end (the end far away from the runner wall) of the gradual change strip-shaped grating designed according to the principle is approximately coincided with the outer edge of the ultrasonic wave beam, so that ultrasonic signals can be prevented from entering the concave structure between the adjacent gratings when the ultrasonic signals propagate from the transmitting sensor to the reflecting surface as far as possible.
As shown in FIG. 7, when the ultrasonic signal propagates toward the receiving sensor after being reflected by the other side wall of the ultrasonic sensor, a part of the ultrasonic signal enters the concave structure formed by the adjacent strip-shaped grids and the runner wall, but the height of the grids near the receiving end is at least higher than that of the grids far from the receiving endThe ultrasonic signal obtained according to the geometric knowledge must be emitted along the incident direction and cannot be directly transmitted to the receiving sensor side.
It should also be noted that the top width t of the graded bar grating should be much smaller than the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave to prevent the ultrasonic wave from forming an effective reflection at the top of the grating; or the top end of the strip grating is designed into other shapes which cannot effectively reflect ultrasonic signals to the receiving end.
It should also be noted that the spacing d of the graded strip gratings should not be close to or even smaller than the ultrasonic wavelength, otherwise the reflection of the ultrasonic signal entering it by the adjacent gratings would be impaired or even disabled.
In addition, the length of the deep strip grating preferably penetrates through the whole flow channel to play a role in stabilizing flow state while solving the problems of signal reflection and superposition, but the length of the deep strip grating does not need to penetrate through the whole flow channel, so long as effective shielding of ultrasonic signals can be realized.
The shape of the strip-shaped grating is preferably a flat rectangular strip, but is not limited to this state, and may be any other shape such as a folded line shape, a wave shape, etc., as long as the reflected ultrasonic signal can be effectively shielded from reaching the receiving sensor.
The flat flow channels designed according to the flat flow channel design method are applied to a flowmeter system, and the number of the flow channels can be one or a plurality of flow channels so as to realize the working condition flow measurement of a gaseous medium;
the flowmeter system also comprises medium temperature and pressure acquisition for completing the conversion from the gas working condition flow to the standard condition flow.
As shown in fig. 8, a schematic superposition of three reflective flat flow channels with graded strip grids is shown. Note that, in the illustration, the three sets of sensors are all disposed on the same side, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the angles between the axes of the three sets of sensors and the longitudinal axis of the flow channel are not necessarily identical. Further, the width and height of the various flow channels need not be uniform.
In addition, in the reflective flow channel shown in the example, the target signal is reflected once, and the actual target signal may have multiple reflections. The basic principle to be followed at this time is: the closer to the sensor the higher the gradient grating and the larger the signal reflecting surface is ensured. In addition, the height and the interval of the gradual change grids are consistent with those of the design method in the primary reflection type flow channel, and the boundary area between two adjacent sets of strip grids can be provided with no grid or transition grids, namely the two sets of strip grids are connected through a plurality of transition grids arranged in the boundary area.
The foregoing embodiments have described in detail the technical solution and the advantages of the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention, and any modifications, additions and equivalents made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The reflection type flat runner with the gradual change strip-shaped grating is characterized in that the cross section of the flat runner is rectangular, and the length L of the cross section is more than the height H; two ultrasonic sensors are distributed at the central position of one side wall in the up-down direction of the flat flow channel;
the axes of the two ultrasonic sensors and the flow direction of the flat flow channel form included angles phi, the axis extension lines of the two ultrasonic sensors intersect on the other side wall, and the plane determined by the axes of the two ultrasonic sensors is perpendicular to the side wall;
the flat runner is provided with a plurality of strip grids with gradually changed heights along the flow direction on the upper and lower inner wall surfaces, and the height of the strip grid closest to one side of the ultrasonic sensor is not less thanD is the effective radiation surface size of the ultrasonic sensor; the heights of the strip gratings are gradually reduced along the direction away from the ultrasonic sensor, so that the outer edges of all the strip gratings form the beam shape of the ultrasonic sensor.
2. The reflection type flat flow passage with gradual change bar grating according to claim 1, wherein the flat flow passage has a distribution interval d between two adjacent bar gratings on the upper and lower inner wall surfaces, and the height difference between two adjacent bar gratings is not smaller thanBeta is the included angle between the tangential line of the outer edge of the ultrasonic wave beam of the position where the strip-shaped grating is positioned and the horizontal plane.
3. The reflective flat runner with graded strip grating according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the length L of the cross section to the height H is not less than 3.
4. The reflection type flat flow passage with the gradual change strip grating according to claim 1, wherein the included angle phi between the axes of the two ultrasonic sensors and the flow direction of the flat flow passage is 30-60 degrees.
5. The reflective flat runner with graded bar grating according to claim 1, wherein the thickness t of the bar grating is less than half the wavelength λ of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic sensor, for preventing the ultrasonic signal from being effectively reflected at the top end of the bar grating to reach the ultrasonic sensor at the receiving end.
6. The reflective flat runner with graded bar grating according to claim 1, wherein the length of the bar grating extends through the entire flat runner, and the shape of the bar grating is rectangular, polygonal or wavy.
7. The reflection type flat runner with the gradual change strip-shaped grating is characterized in that the cross section of the flat runner is rectangular, and the length L of the cross section is more than the height H; an ultrasonic sensor is respectively arranged at the central positions of the two side walls in the up-down direction of the flat flow channel;
the axes of the two ultrasonic sensors and the flow direction of the flat flow channel form included angles phi, the extension lines of the axes of the two ultrasonic sensors are parallel to each other, and the plane determined by the axes of the two ultrasonic sensors is perpendicular to the side wall; the axis extension line of one ultrasonic sensor is overlapped with the axis extension line of the other ultrasonic sensor after twice reflection of the two side walls;
dividing a flow passage between two ultrasonic sensors into 4/9 and 5/9 areas along the flow direction as boundary areas, and respectively arranging two sets of strip-shaped grids in front of and behind the boundary areas;
each set of strip-shaped grids comprises a plurality of strip-shaped grids with gradually changed heights, the strip-shaped grids are arranged on the upper inner wall surface and the lower inner wall surface of the flat runner respectively along the flow direction, and the height of the strip-shaped grid closest to one side corresponding to the ultrasonic sensor is not less thanD is the effective radiation surface size of the ultrasonic sensor; the heights of the strip gratings are gradually reduced along the direction away from the ultrasonic sensor, so that the outer edges of all the strip gratings form the beam shape of the ultrasonic sensor.
8. The reflective flat runner with graded strip grating according to claim 7, wherein the two sets of strip gratings are connected by a plurality of transition gratings arranged in the demarcation area.
9. A flowmeter system comprising a measuring flow channel, wherein the measuring flow channel is composed of the reflective flat flow channel with the gradual change strip-shaped grating according to any one of claims 1 to 8; the measuring flow channel consists of a flat flow channel or is formed by stacking a plurality of flat flow channels.
10. The flow meter system of claim 9, further comprising a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor for effecting a conversion of the gas condition flow rate to the standard condition flow rate.
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CN202210892825.3A CN115265684B (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2022-07-27 | Reflection type flat flow channel with gradual change strip-shaped grating and flowmeter system |
PCT/CN2023/098591 WO2024021879A1 (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2023-06-06 | Reflection-type flat flow channel with gradually changing strip-shaped grid cells, and flowmeter system |
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CN202210892825.3A CN115265684B (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2022-07-27 | Reflection type flat flow channel with gradual change strip-shaped grating and flowmeter system |
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WO2024021879A1 (en) | 2024-02-01 |
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