CN115261745A - 一种高强度马氏体时效不锈钢及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高强度马氏体时效不锈钢及其制备方法,其成分的质量百分含量为:Cr 11.0%~13.0%,Ni 9.0%~11.0%,Mo 2.0%~5.0%,Cu 1.0%~2.0%,Ti 0.5%~1.2%,Al≤0.5%,Si≤0.5%,Mn≤0.5%,V≤0.2%,Nb≤0.2%,W≤0.1%,C≤0.02%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。本不锈钢采用提高关键强化元素Ti含量,以及加入少量的V、Nb、W等元素,它们起到了细化晶粒尺寸、净化晶界的作用,共同实现材料强度的提高。本不锈钢以Fe‑Cr‑Ni为基体,以Mo、Cu、Ti、Al、Si、Mn、V、Nb、W为强化元素,具有抗拉强度高、时效处理后的抗拉强度高的特点,适用于做鱼钩、医用缝合针等丝材产品。本发明方法拉拔所得丝材的抗拉强度在2050~2210MPa,丝材时效处理后的抗拉强度在2630~2810MPa。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种不锈钢及其制备方法,尤其是一种高强度马氏体时效不锈钢及其制备方法。
背景技术
马氏体时效不锈钢是由固溶强化、相变强化和时效强化效应叠加而强化的高强度不锈钢,它的发展一方面是因为沉淀硬化不锈钢的某些性能较差或热处理工艺复杂而亟待改进,另一方面是受到了马氏体时效钢合金化的原理以及良好的综合性能的启发。马氏体时效不锈钢不仅具有马氏体时效钢优良的强、度性能,还具有不锈钢较好的耐腐蚀性能;同时,它的加工性能和焊接性能好、弹性优异、热稳定性良好,热处理工艺简单,因而在国内外得到了广泛的应用和发展。
马氏体时效不锈钢中的合金元素按其作用主要有三类,一类是使钢具有不锈性和耐腐蚀性能的元素,如Cr;一类是形成金属间强化相的强化元素,如Ni、Mo、Cu、Ti、Al等;另一类是平衡组织以保证钢中尽量少的残余奥氏体或δ-铁素体的元素,如Ni、Mn、Co等。但是在某些特殊领域的应用中,例如海钓的鱼钩和医疗缝合针,材料的强度仍需进一步的提高。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种超高强度马氏体时效不锈钢;本发明还提供了一种高强度马氏体时效不锈钢的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采取的成分的质量百分含量为:Cr 11.0%~13.0%,Ni 9.0%~11.0%,Mo 2.0%~5.0%,Cu 1.0%~2.0%,Ti 0.5%~1.2%,Al≤0.5%,Si≤0.5%,Mn≤0.5%,V≤0.2%,Nb≤0.2%,W≤0.1%,C≤0.02%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
优先的,所述成分中:Ti 1.0%~1.2%,1.1%≤Ti+Al≤1.5%。所述不锈钢制备过程包括电渣重熔工序;所述电渣重熔工序所采用的预熔渣主料成分为:CaO 21.5wt%~22wt%、Al2O3 20.8wt%~21.2wt%、MgO 2.8wt%~3wt%、TiO2 2.2wt%~2.5wt%,余量为CaF2,并添加有上述预熔渣主料重量5.5~6.5%的TiO2、2.5~3.0%的MgO和2.5~3.0%的Al粒。
优先的,所述成分中:V 0.1%~0.2wt%,Nb 0.1%~0.2wt%,W 0.05%~0.1wt%,0.35wt%≤V+Nb+W≤0.45wt%。
本发明方法包括熔炼、电渣重融、锻造、轧制、拉拔加工和时效处理工序;
所述拉拔加工工序:拉拔前将盘条加热到1050~1100℃,保温0.5~1.0h后水冷,再将盘条拉拔成丝材;
所述时效处理工序:所述丝材加热到450~475℃,保温2h及以上。
本发明方法所述锻造工序:将铸锭加热到1150~1180℃,保温后锻造成棒料;所述锻造过程中进炉补温,终锻温度在850℃及以上。
本发明方法所述轧制工序:将棒料加热到1150~1180℃,保温后轧制成盘条;所述轧制过程中棒料温度≥950℃。
本发明方法所述电渣重熔工序所采用的预熔渣主料成分为:CaO 21.5wt%~22wt%、Al2O3 20.8wt%~21.2wt%、MgO 2.8wt%~3wt%、TiO2 2.2wt%~2.5wt%,余量为CaF2,并添加有上述预熔渣主料重量5.5~6.5%的TiO2、2.5~3.0%的MgO和2.5~3.0%的Al粒。
采用上述技术方案所产生的有益效果在于:本发明采用提高关键强化元素Ti含量,以及加入少量的V、Nb、W等元素,它们起到了细化晶粒尺寸、净化晶界的作用,共同实现材料强度的提高。本发明以Fe-Cr-Ni为基体,以Mo、Cu、Ti、Al、Si、Mn、V、Nb、W为强化元素,具有抗拉强度高、时效处理后的抗拉强度高的特点;适用于做鱼钩、医用缝合针等丝材产品,但是比该类产品的传统材料具有更优异的强度性能。
进一步的,采用上述成分范围的原因在于:Ti 1.0%~1.2wt%、Al≤0.5%且1.1wt%≤Ti+Al≤1.5wt%,在搭配上述预熔渣渣系进行电渣重熔冶炼,可以有效抑制烧Ti增Al的现象发生,使得关键强化元素Ti的成分符合要求。而V 0.1%~0.2wt%、Nb 0.1%~0.2wt%、W0.05%~0.1wt%、0.35wt%≤V+Nb+W≤0.45wt%的成分设置可以有效的细化晶粒以及形成尺寸合理的析出物,共同起到使材料强化的目的,含量过少会极大降低强化效果,而成分过高会明显降低加工性能,在后期拉拔加工中容易断裂。
本发明方法通过固溶处理,使强化元素完全溶入基体中;然后快速冷却,获得强化元素过饱和的马氏体组织;再进行时效处理,使沉淀硬化相从集体中析出以获得超高强度材料。本发明方法在轧制、拉拔和时效处理后的强度变化特点是:(1)轧制成盘条的抗拉强度在700~760MPa;(2)拉拔成丝材的抗拉强度在2050~2210MPa;(3)丝材时效处理后的抗拉强度在2630~2810MPa。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例1-8:本高强度马氏体时效不锈钢的制备方法包括熔炼、电渣重融、锻造、轧制、拉拔加工和时效处理工序;各工序工艺如下所述:
(1)备料:按成分组成准备各种原料,采用真空感应炉进行熔炼,首先将Fe、Cr、Ni原料装入真空感应炉中,将Mo、Cu、Si、Mn、V、Nb、W、C放入1号真空料斗中,将Ti、Al放入2号真空料斗中。各实施例马氏体时效不锈钢的成分见表1。
表1:各实施例马氏体时效不锈钢的成分(wt%)
表1中,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
(2)熔炼:全程保证真空度,待Fe、Cr、Ni原料完全熔化后加入1号真空料斗中的合金料,待再次完全熔化后加入2号真空料斗中的Ti、Al,待钢液均匀熔化后浇注成铸锭。
(3)电渣重融:将铸锭重融成圆铸锭,采用下述预熔渣;所述预熔渣由主料和辅料组成;所述预熔渣主料成分为:CaO 21.5wt%~22wt%、Al2O3 20.8wt%~21.2wt%、MgO 2.8wt%~3wt%、TiO2 2.2wt%~2.5wt%,余量为CaF2;所述预熔渣辅料为:主料重量5.5~6.5%的TiO2、主料重量2.5~3.0%的MgO和主料重量2.5~3.0%的Al粒。各实施例预熔渣的成分见表2。
表2:各实施例预熔渣的成分(wt)
所述表2中,主料的余量为CaF2。
(4)锻造:将铸锭加热到1150~1180℃,保温4小时及以上、最好保温4~6小时;然后进行锻造;中间进炉补温,补温时间为半小时及以上、最好补温0.5~1.0小时,保证终锻温度在850℃及以上;最终将铸锭锻造成一定规格的棒料,沿长度方向做倒角处理。各实施例锻造工序的工艺参数见表3。
表3:各实施例锻造工序的工艺参数
(5)轧制:将棒料加热到1150~1180℃并保温两小时及以上、最好保温2~3小时,保证轧制过程中温度≥950℃、最好为950~1000℃,将棒料轧成φ5.5~φ8mm的盘条;所得盘条的抗拉强度为700~760MPa。
(6)拉拔加工:拉拔前先对盘条做固溶处理,即将盘条加热到1050~1100℃保温0.5~1.0小时后水冷。随后道次拉拔率由大变小将盘条拉拔成φ0.4~0.5mm丝材;所得丝材的抗拉强度为2050~2210MPa。
(7)时效处理:将丝材加热到450~475℃并保温时间2h及以上、最好保温2~5小时,即可得到成品丝材;所得成品丝材的抗拉强度为2630~2810MPa。各实施例所述轧制至时效处理工序的工艺参数见表4;各实施例所得盘条和丝材的力学性能见表5。
表4:各实施例所述轧制至时效处理工序的工艺参数
表5:各实施例所得盘条和丝材的力学性能
Claims (8)
1.一种高强度马氏体时效不锈钢,其特征在于,其成分的质量百分含量为:Cr 11.0%~13.0%,Ni 9.0%~11.0%,Mo 2.0%~5.0%,Cu 1.0%~2.0%,Ti 0.5%~1.2%,Al≤0.5%,Si≤0.5%,Mn≤0.5%,V≤0.2%,Nb≤0.2%,W≤0.1%,C≤0.02%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强度马氏体时效不锈钢,其特征在于,所述成分中:Ti 1.0%~1.2%,1.1%≤Ti+Al≤1.5%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高强度马氏体时效不锈钢,其特征在于:所述不锈钢制备过程包括电渣重熔工序;所述电渣重熔工序所采用的预熔渣主料成分为:CaO 21.5wt%~22wt%、Al2O3 20.8wt%~21.2wt%、MgO 2.8wt%~3wt%、TiO2 2.2wt%~2.5wt%,余量为CaF2,并添加有上述预熔渣主料重量5.5~6.5%的TiO2、2.5~3.0%的MgO和2.5~3.0%的Al粒。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的高强度马氏体时效不锈钢,其特征在于,所述成分中:V0.1%~0.2wt%,Nb 0.1%~0.2wt%,W 0.05%~0.1wt%,0.35wt%≤V+Nb+W≤0.45wt%。
5.权利要求1-4任意一项所述高强度马氏体时效不锈钢的制备方法,其特征在于:其包括熔炼、电渣重融、锻造、轧制、拉拔加工和时效处理工序;
所述拉拔加工工序:拉拔前将盘条加热到1050~1100℃,保温0.5~1.0h后水冷,再将盘条拉拔成丝材;
所述时效处理工序:所述丝材加热到450~475℃,保温2h及以上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的高强度马氏体时效不锈钢的制备方法,其特征在于,所述锻造工序:将铸锭加热到1150~1180℃,保温后锻造成棒料;所述锻造过程中进炉补温,终锻温度在850℃及以上。
7.根据权利要求5所述的高强度马氏体时效不锈钢的制备方法,其特征在于,所述轧制工序:将棒料加热到1150~1180℃,保温后轧制成盘条;所述轧制过程中棒料温度≥950℃。
8.根据权利要求5、6或7所述的高强度马氏体时效不锈钢的制备方法,其特征在于,所述电渣重熔工序所采用的预熔渣主料成分为:CaO 21.5wt%~22wt%、Al2O3 20.8wt%~21.2wt%、MgO 2.8wt%~3wt%、TiO2 2.2wt%~2.5wt%,余量为CaF2,并添加有上述预熔渣主料重量5.5~6.5%的TiO2、2.5~3.0%的MgO和2.5~3.0%的Al粒。
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