CN115261107A - 一种环保型全合成金属切削液及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种环保型全合成金属切削液及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115261107A
CN115261107A CN202210451238.0A CN202210451238A CN115261107A CN 115261107 A CN115261107 A CN 115261107A CN 202210451238 A CN202210451238 A CN 202210451238A CN 115261107 A CN115261107 A CN 115261107A
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CN115261107B (zh
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杨伟光
王伟松
唐福伟
翁国锋
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Zhejiang Huangma Technology Co Ltd
Zhejiang Lvkean Chemical Co Ltd
Zhejiang Huangma Shangyi New Material Co Ltd
Zhejiang Huangma Surfactant Research Institute Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Lvkean Chemical Co Ltd
Zhejiang Huangma Shangyi New Material Co Ltd
Zhejiang Huangma Surfactant Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种环保型全合成金属切削液及其制备方法。所述环保型全合成金属切削液由以下按质量百分比计的组分组成：有机酸10～15；醇胺10～25；醇胺衍生物0‑10；缓蚀剂1～5；杀菌剂0.5～3；消泡剂0.1～0.3；润湿剂0.2‑1；聚醚5‑20；余量的水。本发明的全合成切削液不含矿物油、亚硝酸钠、仲胺、氯、苯酚、甲醛、重金属等，绿色环保，具有优良的冷却性、润滑性、清洗性、防锈性、杀菌性，以及连续使用不变质不发臭，符合机械制造业、电子电器业、航空航天业对金属加工切削液绿色环保的高要求。

Description

一种环保型全合成金属切削液及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于有机化合物合成技术领域，具体涉及一种金属加工全合成切削液及其制备方法。
技术背景
金属切削液在切削加工过程中起着润滑、冷却、清洗和防锈的作用，从而减小摩擦，降低切削力和切削震动，提高刀具使用寿命和加工精度。金属切削液可分为油基金属切削液和水基金属切削液。水基切削液包括乳液切削液，半合成切削液和全合成切削液。
其中，全合成切削液兼有乳化切削液良好的润滑性和合成切削液清洗性好的特点，使用寿命长，广泛用于各类金属切削加工中。
但是目前的切削液主要成分为矿物油，生物降解性差，会长期滞留在水和土壤中。为了保障自然环境，以及保障工作环境健康安全，有必促使金属切削液朝着环保、节能、高效的方向发展，故开发绿色环保型的全合成切削液产品已成为一种大趋势。
发明内容
本发明的目在于提供一种绿色环保型的全合成金属切削液及其制备方法，以解决解决背景技术中提出的问题。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现：一种环保型全合成金属切削液，由以下按质量百分比计的组分组成：
有机酸10～15；
醇胺10～25；
醇胺衍生物0-10
缓蚀剂1～5；
杀菌剂0.5～3；
消泡剂0.1～0.3；
润湿剂0.2-1；
聚醚5-20；
余量的水。
作为优选，所述有机酸为一元酸、二元酸；所述一元酸为正辛酸、壬酸、癸酸中的一种或多种混合。
作为优选，所述二元酸为癸二酸、十一烷二酸中的一种或多种混合。
采用新型单羧酸、二元酸和三元酸同时复配防锈技术，酸会与醇胺在加热的条件下反应形成酰胺，常温反应形成羧酸铵盐，含N,P,S,Cl等元素的化合物有优秀的挤压性能，使得产品具有优异的防锈性能。
作为优选，所述醇胺为一乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺中的一种或多种混合，具有优异的pH调节能力和pH值稳定能力。
作为优选，所述醇胺衍生物为三乙醇胺与硼酸90℃反应2h，得到的三乙醇胺硼酸酯衍生物。
所述聚醚为反式嵌段聚醚1720、反式嵌段聚醚1740、聚乙二醇单油酸酯(PEG400-MO)、聚乙二醇双油酸酯(PEG400-DO)、C8-C18脂肪醇聚醚(EO/PO比例可视情况调节)的一种或多种混合。水溶性聚醚是一类环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷交接的高分子化合物，这类聚醚在水中的溶解度随着温度变高而变小，当金属被刀具切削时，加工温度升高，聚醚的溶解度变小而析出，能起到在加工时润滑的作用。具体的，采用新型润滑剂(1740,1720聚醚，脂肪醇醚)和极压添加剂(聚合酯(PEG400-DO,PEG400-MO))复配技术，高分子量的聚合物酯和聚醚在切削加工过程中，摩擦生热导致聚醚和高分子合成酯中的部分酰胺基团，酯基断裂，从而吸附于磨刀与基材的表面降低磨刀与基材之间的的摩擦，起到润滑的作用，使得产品具有优异的润滑性、极压性，可以达到更好的润滑极压效果。
所述杀菌剂为双十烷基季铵盐(DEFQ)。所述DEFQ为不含卤素原子的阳离子杀菌剂，所用杀菌剂为有效成分50％的DEFQ。本发明的全合成切削液所用的杀菌剂为无卤素季铵盐。
所述缓蚀剂为苯骈三氮唑，1-羟基苯骈三氮唑，甲基苯骈三氮唑中的一种或多种混合物。缓蚀剂中的极性基团能在金属表面形成薄而牢固的油膜，阻止腐蚀介质与金属接触，保护金属不被锈蚀和腐蚀。
所述润湿剂为癸炔二醇醚、十二碳炔二醇醚、接枝硅油中的至少一种。使用炔醇双子聚醚(癸炔二醇醚、十二碳炔二醇醚)在利用其良好的渗透性和润湿性的同时，由于不饱和双键的刚性，因此可以与金属发挥极强的取向性，而避免空间位组的影响，增强全合成加工液对金属基材的吸附力，从而发挥优异的润滑、冷却、防锈性能，大大拓宽了全合成切削液的使用范围。
作为优选，所述水为去离子水。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点及有益效果：
1、采用复配技术，不同于传统工艺的需要脉冲搅拌或者均质以及配制过程可能存在反应步骤，只需要按投料顺序投料，然后搅拌混合均匀即可，制备方法简单，制备成本低，可控性高。
2、本发明的全合成切削液不含矿物油、亚硝酸钠、仲胺、氯、苯酚、甲醛、重金属等，只使用合成的聚醚及聚醚衍生物，产品绿色环保，系具有优良的冷却性、润滑性、清洗性、防锈性、杀菌性以及连续使用不变质不发臭的绿色环保型全合成水基切削液，符合机械制造业、电子电器业、航空航天业对金属加工切削液绿色环保的高要求。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一：
一种绿色环保型全合成切削液，其组份及其配比：
Figure BDA0003618706720000041
Figure BDA0003618706720000051
制备方法：先将上述配方中的一乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、有机酸(壬酸、新癸酸、癸二酸、十一烷基二酸)和部分水(水作为溶剂)，按比例加入到烧杯中，常温搅拌至均匀透明，然后加入剩余量的水、苯骈三氮唑、双十烷基季铵盐，常温搅拌至均匀透明，然后依次加入癸炔二醇聚醚和聚醚1740，聚醚1720、PEG400-DO和消泡剂，常温搅拌至均匀透明，全合成切削液。
实施例二：
一种绿色环保型全合成切削液，其组份及其配比：
Figure BDA0003618706720000052
Figure BDA0003618706720000061
制备方法：先将上述配方中的一乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、有机酸(壬酸、新癸酸、癸二酸、十一烷基二酸)和部分水(同实施例一，水作为溶剂)，按比例加入到烧杯中，常温搅拌至均匀透明，然后加入剩余量的水、1-羟基苯骈三氮唑、双十烷基季铵盐，常温搅拌至均匀透明，然后依次加入癸炔二醇聚醚和聚醚1740，1720、PEG 400-DO和消泡剂，常温搅拌至均匀透明，全合成切削液。
实施例三：
一种绿色环保型全合成切削液，其组份及其配比：
Figure BDA0003618706720000062
Figure BDA0003618706720000071
制备方法：将上述配方中的一乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、有机酸(壬酸、新癸酸、癸二酸、十一烷基二酸)和部分水加入到烧杯中，常温搅拌至均匀透明，然后加入三乙醇胺衍生物、剩余量的水、苯骈三氮唑、双十烷基季铵盐，常温搅拌至均匀透明，然后依次加入接枝硅油和聚醚1740，1720、PEG 400-MO和消泡剂，常温搅拌至均匀透明，全合成切削液。
实施例四：
一种绿色环保型全合成切削液，其组份及其配比：
Figure BDA0003618706720000072
Figure BDA0003618706720000081
制备方法：先将上述配方中的一乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、有机酸(壬酸、新癸酸、癸二酸、十一烷基二酸)和部分水，加入到烧杯中，常温搅拌至均匀透明，然后加入剩余量的水、苯骈三氮唑、双十烷基季铵盐，常温搅拌至均匀透明，然后依次加入癸炔二醇聚醚和聚醚1740，1720、PEG 400-MO和消泡剂，常温搅拌至均匀透明，全合成切削液。
按照GB/T3142和GB/T6144的实验方法对实施例1-4的全合成金属切削液进行测试，检测结果如下表1所示。
表1
Figure BDA0003618706720000082
Figure BDA0003618706720000091
从表1可知，实施例1-4制备的全合成金属切削液具有优异的润滑极压性能，防锈，防腐蚀性能。采用二元酸与三元酸作为防锈剂，表现出良好的防锈性能，对比添加的PEG400-DO和PEG400-MO对聚醚全合成金属切削液的润滑性能，PEG400-DO有明显提升优势，具有更好的润滑效果，两个相对运动的接触面的产生的最大无卡咬负荷也最大，表明其有有效的降低摩擦，减小磨损的效果。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例应用于其它领域，但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (9)

1.一种环保型全合成金属切削液，其特征在于，由以下按质量百分比计的组分组成：
有机酸10～15；
醇胺10～25；
醇胺衍生物0-10
缓蚀剂1～5；
杀菌剂0.5～3；
消泡剂0.1～0.3；
润湿剂0.2-1；
聚醚5-20；
余量为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保型全合成金属切削液，其特征在于，所述有机酸为一元酸、二元酸；所述一元酸为正辛酸、壬酸、癸酸中的一种或多种混合；所述二元酸为癸二酸、十一烷二酸中的一种或多种混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环保型全合成金属切削液，其特征在于，所述醇胺为一乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺中的一种或多种混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环保型全合成金属切削液，其特征在于，所述醇胺衍生物为三乙醇胺与硼酸90℃反应2h，得到的三乙醇胺硼酸酯衍生物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的环保型全合成金属切削液，其特征在于，所述聚醚为反式嵌段聚醚1720、反式嵌段聚醚1740、聚乙二醇单油酸酯(PEG400-MO)、聚乙二醇双油酸酯(PEG400-DO)、C8-C18脂肪醇聚醚(EO/PO比例可视情况调节)的一种或多种混合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的环保型全合成金属切削液，其特征在于，所述杀菌剂为双十烷基季铵盐(DEFQ)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的环保型全合成金属切削液，其特征在于，所述缓蚀剂为苯骈三氮唑，1-羟基苯骈三氮唑，甲基苯骈三氮唑中一种或多种的混合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的环保型全合成金属切削液，其特征在于，所述润湿剂为癸炔二醇醚、十二碳炔二醇醚、接枝硅油中的至少一种。
9.一种用于制备权利要求1-8任一所述的环保型全合成金属切削液的方法，其特征在于：
先将配方量的醇胺、有机酸和部分水加入到烧杯中，常温搅拌至均匀透明，然后加入剩余量的水、缓蚀剂、杀菌剂，常温搅拌至均匀透明，然后依次加入润湿剂、聚醚和消泡剂，常温搅拌至均匀透明，全合成切削液。
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