CN115255061A - Production process of aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section - Google Patents
Production process of aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section Download PDFInfo
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- CN115255061A CN115255061A CN202210847841.0A CN202210847841A CN115255061A CN 115255061 A CN115255061 A CN 115255061A CN 202210847841 A CN202210847841 A CN 202210847841A CN 115255061 A CN115255061 A CN 115255061A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/16—Auxiliary equipment, e.g. for heating or cooling of bends
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/16—Auxiliary equipment, e.g. for heating or cooling of bends
- B21D7/162—Heating equipment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a production process of an aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section, which relates to the technical field of manufacturing of aerospace aircrafts, high-speed trains, automobiles and the like, and the process method comprises the steps of carrying out slow heating and heat preservation treatment on an aluminum alloy blank; carrying out bidirectional differential hot extrusion and natural cooling on the aluminum alloy blank to obtain a bent section; carrying out strong restraint, off-line solid solution and quenching on the bent section; performing secondary bending forming of limiting deformation amount on the bent section at room temperature; and (4) carrying out strong constraint and aging treatment on the bent section. The invention can solve the problem that the strength and the bending forming capability of the aluminum alloy section are difficult to be considered in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of section bar manufacturing, in particular to a production process of an aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section bar.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The usage amount of the high-strength aluminum alloy (2 series, 7 series and novel aluminum lithium alloy) section on aircrafts such as military aircrafts, civil aircrafts, carrier rockets and the like is respectively more than 15%, 65% and 70%, and the structural form of the section mainly comprises plates, sections, die forgings, wall plates and the like. The curved section bar with special radian requirement is used as skeleton members of stringer, frame, edge strip and reinforcing rib of aircraft body, and can play the key role of bearing force and meeting aerodynamic configuration of aircraft, and the ring frame section bar spliced by adopting curved section bars is an important skeleton member of carrier rocket, and has the functions of supporting and reinforcing rocket body.
The main contradiction that restricts the forming and manufacturing of high-strength aluminum alloy bent sections represented by aluminum-lithium alloys is that the strength and bending forming ability of the sections are difficult to be compatible. Aluminum alloy profiles with ultra-high strength (yield strength above 600 MPa) have very limited bending at room temperature, typically bending radii above 1000mm, and do not allow for the production of products with very small bending radii (bending radii less than 1/2 of the maximum width of the profile cross-section, e.g. less than 100 mm). The bending degree of the section bar can be improved by heating the aluminum alloy section bar, but the heating can weaken and even thoroughly eliminate the thermomechanical treatment strengthening effect of the section bar, so that the strength of the bent section bar is greatly reduced, and the ultrahigh-strength mechanical property advantage is not provided any more.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the limitations of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a production process of an aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength (yield strength is more than 600 MPa) bent section. The bent section prepared by the production process has ultrahigh strength, and the technical problem that the strength and the bending forming capability of the section in the prior art are difficult to take into account is solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a production process of an ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy bent section, which comprises the following steps:
s1, slowly heating and insulating an aluminum alloy blank;
s2, performing bidirectional differential hot extrusion and natural cooling on the aluminum alloy blank obtained in the step S1 to obtain a bent section;
s3, carrying out strong restraint, off-line solid solution and quenching on the bent section obtained in the step S2;
s4, carrying out secondary bending forming with limited deformation amount on the bent section obtained in the step S3 at room temperature;
and S5, carrying out strong constraint and aging treatment on the bent section obtained in the step S4.
Further, the conditions of the slow heating and heat preservation treatment in the step S1 are as follows: heating to 480-500 deg.C at a heating rate of 0.5-1.0 deg.C/min, and holding for 8-24h.
Further, the bidirectional differential thermal extrusion in step S2 is performed by applying different loading speeds to two ends of the heated blank by using two extrusion rods to extrude the heated blank at different speeds, so that the extruded profile is subjected to controllable bending deformation, and the key parameters of the bidirectional differential extrusion include extrusion speeds V of the two extrusion rods1And V2The cross-sectional area A of the billetbCross-sectional area A of curved profilepDiameter D of circumscribed circle of cross section of curved profilepThe maximum length L of the working belt of the extrusion die; in which the sum of the speeds of two extrusion rods (V)1+V2) Is required to be in [ 3/(A)b/Ap)]mm/s to [ 30/(A)b/Ap)]Within the range of mm/s; by varying (V) within this speed range1-V2)/V1Regulating the bending radius of the bent section; the maximum length L of the working band of the extrusion die is required to be less than the diameter D of the circumscribed circle of the cross section of the bent sectionp1/2 of (1).
Further, the conditions of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion in S2 are as follows: the blank temperature is 385-475 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 420-450 ℃, and the extrusion die preheating temperature is 450-500 ℃.
Further, in the bidirectional differential thermal extrusion in S2, the temperature of the profile extruded from the extruder is controlled to 500 ℃ or lower, and the extruded profile is naturally cooled to room temperature.
Further, the off-line solution and quenching conditions of S3 are as follows: keeping the temperature within the temperature range of 490-530 ℃ for 1.5-3h, immediately putting the mixture into room temperature water for quenching, wherein the quenching transfer time is not more than 5s.
Further, the strong constraint applied to the curved profile in S3 and S5 means that the curved profile is fixed by the clamping and limiting tool to constrain all degrees of freedom of the profile.
Further, the secondary bending forming in S4 is completed within 5 hours after the forming quenching, and the plastic deformation is controlled to be 2-6%.
Further, the aging treatment conditions in S5 are: the temperature is 150-170 ℃ and the time is 24-48h.
In another aspect of the invention, the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy bent section prepared by the production process is provided.
The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention are as follows:
the invention provides a production process method of bidirectional differential hot extrusion → solid solution, quenching → cold bending → aging, and the special process method mainly has the advantages of two aspects: firstly, through specific blank heat treatment and bidirectional differential hot extrusion process, not only can the section bar be prevented from generating hot cracks and crystal grains from growing up, but also the plastic deformation capacity of the aluminum alloy material can be greatly improved, and the bending degree of the section bar is obviously increased, so that the bent section bar with extremely small bending radius can be smoothly obtained. And secondly, through a special cold roll forming method (secondary bending forming), the residual stress after quenching can be effectively eliminated, the precision forming effect is realized on the bent section, and meanwhile, the deformation heat treatment strengthening effect of the bent section is fully exerted through regulating and controlling the deformation of the bending deformation. By adopting the whole process route and the specific limiting conditions of each process, the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy bent section with the yield strength of up to 600MPa and the bending radius of less than 1/2 of the maximum width of the section cross section can be produced.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The application of the principles of the present invention will now be described in detail.
As described in the background art, the main contradiction in the forming manufacture of high-strength aluminum alloy bent sections represented by aluminum-lithium alloys is that the strength and the bending formability of the sections are difficult to be compatible, making it difficult to obtain aluminum alloy bent sections having ultra-high strength and extremely small bending radii. Therefore, the invention provides a production process method of an aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a production process of an aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section by taking 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy as a raw material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, heating the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy blank to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.0 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 24 hours.
And S2, performing bidirectional differential hot extrusion and natural cooling on the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy blank obtained in the step S1 to obtain a bent section.
Specifically, the key parameters of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion comprise the extrusion speed V of two extrusion rods1And V2Cross-sectional area A of the billetbCross-sectional area A of curved profilepDiameter D of circumscribed circle of cross section of curved profilepThe maximum length L of the working belt of the extrusion die; in which the sum of the speeds of two extrusion rods (V)1+V2) Is [ 3/(A)b/Ap)]mm/s; in (V)1+V2) By changing (V) under defined conditions1-V2)/V1Regulating the bending radius of the bent section; the maximum length L of the working band of the extrusion die needs to be less than the diameter D of the circumscribed circle of the cross section of the bent sectionp1/2 of (1).
The conditions of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion are as follows: the blank temperature is 475 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 450 ℃, and the extrusion die preheating temperature is 500 ℃.
In the bidirectional differential thermal extrusion, the temperature of the profile extruded from the extruder is controlled below 500 ℃, and the extruded profile is naturally cooled to room temperature.
And S3, fixing the extruded bent section through a clamping and limiting tool to restrain all degrees of freedom of the section, then carrying out heat preservation on the section within the temperature range of 530 ℃ for 1.5h, immediately putting the section into room-temperature water for quenching, and enabling the quenching transfer time not to exceed 5S.
And S4, carrying out secondary bending forming on the quenched bent section at room temperature within 5h, wherein the plastic deformation amount of the bending forming is controlled to be 6% so as to reduce the residual stress caused in the quenching process, realize the precision forming of the bent section and enable the section to generate a quantitative work hardening effect.
S5, fixing the extruded bent section through a clamping and limiting tool to restrain all degrees of freedom of the section, and then carrying out aging treatment on the bent section at the temperature of 170 ℃ for 24 hours to further eliminate residual stress and obtain an aging strengthening effect.
The production process method can be used for producing the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy bent section with ultrahigh strength and small residual stress, wherein the yield strength of the bent section is up to 600MPa, and the bending radius of the bent section is less than 1/2 of the maximum width of the section cross section.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a production process of an aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section by taking 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy as a raw material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, heating the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy blank to 480 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 8 hours.
And S2, performing bidirectional differential hot extrusion and natural cooling on the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy blank obtained in the step S1 to obtain a bent section.
Specifically, the key parameters of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion comprise the extrusion speed V of two extrusion rods1And V2The cross-sectional area A of the billetbCross-sectional area A of the curved profilepDiameter D of circumscribed circle of cross section of curved profilepThe maximum length L of the working belt of the extrusion die; in which the sum of the speeds of two extrusion rods (V)1+V2) Is [ 30/(A)b/Ap)]mm/s; in (V)1+V2) By changing (V) under the defined conditions of (C)1-V2)/V1Regulating the bending radius of the bent section; the maximum length L of the working band of the extrusion die is required to be less than the diameter D of the circumscribed circle of the cross section of the bent sectionp1/2 of (1).
The conditions of bidirectional differential hot extrusion are as follows: the billet temperature is 385 ℃, the extrusion cylinder temperature is 420 ℃, and the extrusion die preheating temperature is 450 ℃.
In the bidirectional differential thermal extrusion, the temperature of the section extruded from the extruder is controlled below 500 ℃, and the extruded section is naturally cooled to room temperature.
S3, fixing the extruded bent section through a clamping and limiting tool to restrain all degrees of freedom of the section, then preserving heat for 3 hours at the temperature of 490 ℃ for solution treatment, immediately putting the section into room-temperature water for quenching, and enabling the quenching transfer time to be not more than 5S.
And S4, carrying out secondary bending forming on the quenched bent section at room temperature within 5h, wherein the plastic deformation amount of the bending forming is controlled to be 2% so as to reduce the residual stress caused in the quenching process, realize the precise forming of the bent section and enable the section to generate a quantitative work hardening effect.
S5, fixing the extruded bent section through a clamping and limiting tool to restrain all degrees of freedom of the section, and then carrying out aging treatment on the bent section at the temperature of 150 ℃ for 48h to further eliminate residual stress and obtain an aging strengthening effect.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a production process of an aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section by taking 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy as a raw material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, heating the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy blank to 490 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.7 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 15 hours.
And S2, performing bidirectional differential hot extrusion and natural cooling on the 2195 aluminum lithium alloy blank obtained in the step S1 to obtain a bent section.
In particular, the key parameters of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion comprise the extrusion speed V of two extrusion rods1And V2Cross-sectional area A of the billetbCross-sectional area A of curved profilepDiameter D of circumscribed circle of cross section of curved profilepThe maximum length L of the working belt of the extrusion die; in which the sum of the speeds of two extrusion rods (V)1+V2) Is [ 15/(A)b/Ap)]mm/s; in (V)1+V2) By changing (V) under defined conditions1-V2)/V1Regulating the bending radius of the bent section; maximum length L of working band of extrusion dieIs required to be smaller than the diameter D of the circumscribed circle of the cross section of the bent sectionp1/2 of (1).
The conditions of bidirectional differential hot extrusion are as follows: the blank temperature is 430 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 435 ℃, and the extrusion die preheating temperature is 480 ℃.
In the bidirectional differential thermal extrusion, the temperature of the section extruded from the extruder is controlled below 500 ℃, and the extruded section is naturally cooled to room temperature.
S3, fixing the extruded bent section through a clamping and limiting tool to restrain all degrees of freedom of the section, then preserving heat within the temperature range of 510 ℃ for 2 hours, immediately putting the section into room-temperature water for quenching, and enabling the quenching transfer time to be not more than 5S.
And S4, carrying out secondary bending forming on the quenched bent section at room temperature within 5h, wherein the plastic deformation amount of the bending forming is controlled to be 4% so as to reduce the residual stress caused in the quenching process, realize the precision forming of the bent section and enable the section to generate a quantitative work hardening effect.
S5, fixing the extruded bent section through a clamping and limiting tool to restrain all degrees of freedom of the section, and then carrying out aging treatment on the bent section at the temperature of 160 ℃ for 36 hours to further eliminate residual stress and obtain an aging strengthening effect.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The production process of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy bent section is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, carrying out slow heating and heat preservation treatment on an aluminum alloy blank;
s2, performing bidirectional differential hot extrusion and natural cooling on the aluminum alloy blank obtained in the step S1 to obtain a bent section;
s3, carrying out strong restraint, off-line solid solution and quenching on the bent section obtained in the step S2;
s4, carrying out secondary bending forming of limited deformation amount on the bent section obtained in the step S3 at room temperature;
and S5, carrying out strong constraint and aging treatment on the bent section obtained in the step S4.
2. The production process according to claim 1, wherein the conditions of the slow heating and holding treatment in step S1 are: heating to 480-500 deg.C at a heating rate of 0.5-1.0 deg.C/min, and holding for 8-24h.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the key parameters of the bidirectional differential thermal extrusion in step S2 include the extrusion speed V of the two extrusion rods1And V2Cross-sectional area A of the billetbCross-sectional area A of curved profilepDiameter D of circumscribed circle of cross section of curved profilepThe maximum length L of the working belt of the extrusion die; in which the sum of the speeds of two extrusion rods (V)1+V2) Is required to be in [ 3/(A)b/Ap)]mm/s to [ 30/(A)b/Ap)]In the range of mm/s; by varying (V) within this speed range1-V2)/V1Regulating the bending radius of the bent section; the maximum length L of the working band of the extrusion die is required to be less than the diameter D of the circumscribed circle of the cross section of the bent sectionp1/2 of (1).
4. The production process according to claim 1, wherein the conditions of the bidirectional differential thermal extrusion in step S2 are: the blank temperature is 385-475 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 420-450 ℃, and the extrusion die preheating temperature is 450-500 ℃.
5. The production process according to claim 1, wherein in the bidirectional differential thermal extrusion in step S2, the temperature of the profile extruded from the extruder is controlled to 500 ℃ or lower, and the extruded profile is naturally cooled to room temperature.
6. The production process according to claim 1, wherein the conditions of the off-line solutionizing and quenching in step S3 are: keeping the temperature within the temperature range of 490-530 ℃ for 1.5-3h, immediately putting the mixture into room temperature water for quenching, wherein the quenching transfer time is not more than 5s.
7. The process according to claim 1, wherein said strong constraint of the curved section bar in steps S3 and S5 is a fixing of the curved section bar by means of clamping and limiting tools, so as to constrain all the degrees of freedom of the section bar.
8. The production process according to claim 1, wherein the secondary bending in step S4 is completed within 5 hours after the forming quenching, and the amount of plastic deformation is controlled to 2% to 6%.
9. The production process according to claim 1, wherein the aging treatment conditions in step S5 are: the temperature is 150-170 ℃ and the time is 24-48h.
10. The ultra-high strength aluminum alloy bent section prepared by the production process according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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