CN115255061A - Production process of aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section - Google Patents
Production process of aluminum alloy ultrahigh-strength bent section Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910001148 Al-Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/16—Auxiliary equipment, e.g. for heating or cooling of bends
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/16—Auxiliary equipment, e.g. for heating or cooling of bends
- B21D7/162—Heating equipment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种铝合金超高强度弯曲型材的生产工艺，涉及航空航天飞行器、高速列车、汽车等制造技术领域，工艺方法包括对铝合金坯料进行慢速加热和保温处理；对铝合金坯料进行双向差速热挤压和自然冷却，以获得弯曲型材；对弯曲型材进行强约束、离线固溶及淬火；对弯曲型材在室温下进行限定变形量的二次弯曲成形；对弯曲型材进行强约束和时效处理。本发明可解决现有技术难以兼顾铝合金型材的强度和弯曲成形能力的问题。The invention relates to a production process of an aluminum alloy ultra-high-strength bending profile, and relates to the manufacturing technical fields of aerospace vehicles, high-speed trains, automobiles and the like. Bidirectional differential hot extrusion and natural cooling to obtain curved profiles; strong confinement, off-line solution and quenching for curved profiles; secondary bending forming with limited deformation at room temperature; strong restraint for curved profiles and aging treatment. The invention can solve the problem that it is difficult to take into account both the strength and the bending formability of the aluminum alloy profile in the prior art.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及型材制造技术领域，具体涉及一种铝合金超高强度弯曲型材的生产工艺。The invention relates to the technical field of profile manufacturing, in particular to a production process of an aluminum alloy ultra-high-strength curved profile.
背景技术Background technique
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解，而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。The information disclosed in this background section is only intended to increase the understanding of the general background of the present invention, and is not necessarily taken as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those skilled in the art.
高强度铝合金(2系、7系及新型铝锂合金)型材在军用飞机、民用飞机、运载火箭等飞行器上的用量分别在15％、65％和70％以上，其结构形式主要包括板材、型材、模锻件、壁板等。具有特殊弧度要求的弯曲型材作为飞机机身长桁、框、缘条、加强肋条等骨架类构件，起到承力和满足飞机气动力外形的关键作用，而采用弯曲型材拼合的环框型材是运载火箭的重要骨架构件，具有支撑和强化箭体作用。High-strength aluminum alloy (2 series, 7 series and new aluminum-lithium alloy) profiles are used in military aircraft, civil aircraft, launch vehicles and other aircraft in the amount of 15%, 65% and 70%, respectively, and its structural forms mainly include plates, Profiles, die forgings, wall panels, etc. Curved profiles with special radian requirements are used as skeletal components such as aircraft fuselage trusses, frames, flanges, and reinforcing ribs, which play a key role in bearing force and meeting the aerodynamic shape of the aircraft. The important skeleton component of the launch vehicle has the function of supporting and strengthening the rocket body.
制约以铝锂合金外代表的高强度铝合金弯曲型材成形制造的主要矛盾点在于型材的强度和弯曲成形能力难以兼顾。具有超高强度(屈服强度600MPa以上)的铝合金型材在室温下进行弯曲成形时，其可弯曲程度极为有限，弯曲半径一般在1000mm以上，无法制造具有极小弯曲半径(弯曲半径小于型材横截面最大宽度的1/2，例如100mm以下)的产品。对铝合金型材加热可提高型材的弯曲程度，但加热会削弱甚至彻底消除型材的形变热处理强化效果，从而导致弯曲型材的强度大幅度下降，不再具有超高强度的力学性能优势。The main contradiction that restricts the forming and manufacturing of high-strength aluminum alloy bending profiles represented by aluminum-lithium alloys is that it is difficult to balance the strength and bending forming ability of profiles. When aluminum alloy profiles with ultra-high strength (yield strength above 600MPa) are bent and formed at room temperature, their bendability is extremely limited, and the bending radius is generally above 1000mm, so it is impossible to manufacture aluminum alloy profiles with extremely small bending radii (bending radius smaller than the cross-section of the profile) 1/2 of the maximum width, such as 100mm or less) products. Heating the aluminum alloy profile can increase the bending degree of the profile, but heating will weaken or even completely eliminate the strengthening effect of the deformation heat treatment of the profile, resulting in a significant decrease in the strength of the curved profile, which no longer has the advantage of ultra-high strength mechanical properties.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的局限性，本发明的目的是提供一种铝合金超高强度(屈服强度600MPa以上)弯曲型材的生产工艺。该生产工艺制备得到的弯曲型材具有超高强度，解决了现有技术中型材的强度和弯曲成形能力难以兼顾的技术问题。Aiming at the limitations of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a production process for aluminum alloy ultra-high strength (yield strength above 600MPa) curved profiles. The curved profile prepared by the production process has ultra-high strength, which solves the technical problem in the prior art that it is difficult to balance the strength and bending forming ability of the profile.
为了实现上述目的，本发明是通过如下的技术方案来实现：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
本发明提供一种超高强度铝合金弯曲型材的生产工艺，包括如下步骤：The invention provides a production process of ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy curved profiles, comprising the following steps:
S1、对铝合金坯料进行慢速加热和保温处理；S1. Slowly heating and heat-insulating the aluminum alloy billet;
S2、对步骤S1所得铝合金坯料进行双向差速热挤压和自然冷却，以获得弯曲型材；S2. Perform bidirectional differential speed hot extrusion and natural cooling on the aluminum alloy billet obtained in step S1 to obtain a curved profile;
S3、对步骤S2所得弯曲型材进行强约束、离线固溶及淬火；S3, performing strong restraint, off-line solid solution and quenching on the curved profile obtained in step S2;
S4、对步骤S3所得弯曲型材在室温下进行限定变形量的二次弯曲成形；S4, performing secondary bending forming with a limited amount of deformation on the curved profile obtained in step S3 at room temperature;
S5、对步骤S4所得弯曲型材进行强约束和时效处理。S5. Perform strong constraint and aging treatment on the curved profile obtained in step S4.
进一步的，步骤S1中慢速加热和保温处理的条件为：以0.5-1.0℃/min的加热速率加热至480-500℃，保温时间为8-24h。Further, the conditions for slow heating and heat preservation in step S1 are: heating to 480-500°C at a heating rate of 0.5-1.0°C/min, and heat preservation time of 8-24h.
进一步的，步骤S2中所述的双向差速热挤压是指采用两个挤压杆对加热后的坯料的两端分别施加不同的加载速度进行挤压使得挤出型材发生可控的弯曲变形，双向差速挤压的关键参数包括两个挤压杆的挤压速度V1和V2、坯料横截面面积Ab、弯曲型材横截面面积Ap，弯曲型材横截面外接圆直径Dp、挤压模具工作带最大长度L；其中两个挤压杆速度的和(V1+V2)需在[3/(Ab/Ap)]mm/s至[30/(Ab/Ap)]mm/s范围内；在此速度范围内通过改变(V1-V2)/V1的值调控弯曲型材的弯曲半径；挤压模具工作带最大长度L需小于弯曲型材横截面外接圆直径Dp的1/2。Further, the two-way differential hot extrusion described in step S2 refers to using two extrusion rods to apply different loading speeds to the two ends of the heated billet to extrude, so that the extruded profile will undergo controllable bending deformation , the key parameters of two-way differential extrusion include the extrusion speeds V 1 and V 2 of the two extrusion rods, the cross-sectional area of the billet A b , the cross-sectional area of the curved profile A p , the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the cross-section of the curved profile D p , The maximum length L of the working belt of the extrusion die; the sum of the speeds of the two extrusion rods (V 1 +V 2 ) needs to be between [3/(A b /A p )]mm/s to [30/(A b /A p )]mm/s range; within this speed range, adjust the bending radius of the curved profile by changing the value of (V 1 -V 2 )/V 1 ; the maximum length L of the working belt of the extrusion die must be less than the circumscribed section of the curved profile 1/2 of the circle diameter Dp .
进一步的，S2中所述双向差速热挤压的条件为：坯料温度385-475℃，挤压筒温度420-450℃，挤压模具预热温度450-500℃。Further, the conditions for bidirectional differential hot extrusion in S2 are: billet temperature 385-475°C, extrusion cylinder temperature 420-450°C, extrusion die preheating temperature 450-500°C.
进一步的，S2中双向差速热挤压时，从挤压机挤出的型材的温度控制在500℃以下，挤出型材自然冷却至室温。Further, during bidirectional differential speed hot extrusion in S2, the temperature of the profile extruded from the extruder is controlled below 500° C., and the extruded profile is naturally cooled to room temperature.
进一步的，S3所述离线固溶和淬火的条件为：490-530℃温度范围内保温1.5-3h固溶处理后立即放入室温水中进行淬火，淬火转移时间不超过5s。Further, the off-line solid solution and quenching conditions described in S3 are: heat preservation at 490-530° C. for 1.5-3 hours for solid solution treatment, and immediately put into room temperature water for quenching, and the quenching transfer time does not exceed 5 s.
进一步的，S3和S5中所述的对弯曲型材施加的强约束，是指通过夹持和限位工具对弯曲型材进行固定，以约束型材的所有自由度。Furthermore, the strong constraints imposed on the curved profile mentioned in S3 and S5 refer to fixing the curved profile by clamping and limiting tools to constrain all degrees of freedom of the profile.
进一步的，S4中所述二次弯曲成形在成形淬火后5h内完成，塑性变形量控制在2％-6％。Further, the secondary bending in S4 is completed within 5 hours after forming and quenching, and the amount of plastic deformation is controlled at 2%-6%.
进一步的，S5中所述时效处理的条件为：温度150-170℃，时间24-48h。Further, the aging treatment conditions in S5 are: temperature 150-170°C, time 24-48h.
本发明的另一方面，提供上述生产工艺制备得到的超高强度铝合金弯曲型材。Another aspect of the present invention provides the ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy curved profile prepared by the above-mentioned production process.
上述本发明的实施例的有益效果如下：The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are as follows:
本发明提出“双向差速热挤压→固溶、淬火→冷弯→时效”的生产工艺方法，这种特殊的工艺方法主要有两个方面的优点：一是通过特定的坯料热处理和双向差速热挤压工艺，既可以避免型材发生热裂和晶粒长大，又可以大幅度提升铝合金材料的塑性变形能力，显著增加型材的可弯曲程度，从而顺利获得具有极小弯曲半径的弯曲型材。二是通过特殊的冷弯成形方法(二次弯曲成形)，既可以有效消除淬火后中的残余应力，又对弯曲型材起到精密化成形作用，同时通过调控弯曲变形的变形量还充分发挥了弯曲型材的形变热处理强化效果。采用本发明的整体工艺路线和具体每个工艺的限定条件，可生产屈服强度高达600MPa且弯曲半径小于型材横截面最大宽度的1/2的超高强度铝合金弯曲型材。The present invention proposes a production process method of "two-way differential hot extrusion → solid solution, quenching → cold bending → aging". This special process method has two advantages: one is through specific billet heat treatment and bidirectional The rapid hot extrusion process can not only avoid thermal cracking and grain growth of the profile, but also greatly improve the plastic deformation capacity of the aluminum alloy material, significantly increase the bendability of the profile, and thus smoothly obtain a bend with a very small bending radius profiles. Second, the special cold bending forming method (secondary bending forming) can not only effectively eliminate the residual stress after quenching, but also play a role in precise forming of curved profiles. Strengthening effect of thermomechanical treatment of curved profiles. By adopting the overall process route of the present invention and specific limiting conditions of each process, it is possible to produce ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy curved profiles with a yield strength up to 600 MPa and a bending radius smaller than 1/2 of the maximum width of the profile cross section.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
应该指出，以下详细说明都是示例性的，旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本发明使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
面对本发明的应用原理作详细的描述。The application principle of the present invention will be described in detail.
正如背景技术所介绍的，以铝锂合金为代表的高强度铝合金弯曲型材成形制造的主要矛盾点在于型材的强度和弯曲成形能力难以兼顾，使得获得具有超高强度且极小弯曲半径的铝合金弯曲型材成为困难。为此，本发明提供一种铝合金超高强度弯曲型材的生产工艺方法。As introduced in the background technology, the main contradiction in the forming and manufacturing of high-strength aluminum alloy bending profiles represented by aluminum-lithium alloys is that it is difficult to balance the strength and bending forming ability of the profiles, making it possible to obtain aluminum alloys with ultra-high strength and extremely small bending radius. Alloy bending profiles become difficult. For this reason, the invention provides a production process method of an aluminum alloy ultra-high-strength curved profile.
实施例1Example 1
以2195铝锂合金为原材料，本发明的实施例提供了一种铝合金超高强度弯曲型材的生产工艺，包括：Using 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy as the raw material, the embodiment of the present invention provides a production process for aluminum alloy ultra-high-strength curved profiles, including:
S1、以1.0℃/min的加热速率将2195铝锂合金坯料加热至500℃，保温时间为24h。S1. Heat the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy billet to 500°C at a heating rate of 1.0°C/min, and the holding time is 24h.
S2、对步骤S1所得2195铝锂合金坯料进行双向差速热挤压和自然冷却，以获得弯曲型材。S2. Perform bidirectional differential speed hot extrusion and natural cooling on the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy billet obtained in step S1 to obtain a curved profile.
具体地，所述的双向差速热挤压的关键参数包括两个挤压杆的挤压速度V1和V2、坯料横截面面积Ab、弯曲型材横截面面积Ap，弯曲型材横截面外接圆直径Dp、挤压模具工作带最大长度L；其中两个挤压杆速度的和(V1+V2)为[3/(Ab/Ap)]mm/s；在(V1+V2)的限定条件下通过改变(V1-V2)/V1的值调控弯曲型材的弯曲半径；挤压模具工作带最大长度L需小于弯曲型材横截面外接圆直径Dp的1/2。Specifically, the key parameters of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion include the extrusion speeds V 1 and V 2 of the two extrusion rods, the cross-sectional area of the billet A b , the cross-sectional area of the curved profile A p , the cross-sectional area of the curved profile The diameter of the circumscribed circle D p , the maximum length L of the working zone of the extrusion die; the sum of the speeds of the two extrusion rods (V 1 +V 2 ) is [3/(A b /A p )]mm/s; at (V 1 +V 2 ) under the limited condition of adjusting the bending radius of the curved profile by changing the value of (V 1 -V 2 )/V 1 ; the maximum length L of the working belt of the extrusion die must be less than the circumscribed circle diameter D p of the cross section of the curved profile 1/2.
双向差速热挤压的条件为：坯料温度475℃，挤压筒温度450℃，挤压模具预热温度500℃。The conditions for bidirectional differential hot extrusion are: billet temperature 475°C, extrusion cylinder temperature 450°C, extrusion die preheating temperature 500°C.
双向差速热挤压时，从挤压机挤出的型材的温度控制在500℃以下，挤出型材自然冷却至室温。During bi-directional differential hot extrusion, the temperature of the profile extruded from the extruder is controlled below 500°C, and the extruded profile is naturally cooled to room temperature.
S3、通过夹持和限位工具对挤出的弯曲型材进行固定，以约束型材的所有自由度，然后将其在530℃温度范围内保温1.5h固溶处理后立即放入室温水中进行淬火，淬火转移时间不超过5s。S3. Fix the extruded curved profile by clamping and limiting tools to constrain all degrees of freedom of the profile, and then keep it in the temperature range of 530°C for 1.5h for solution treatment and immediately put it into room temperature water for quenching. Quenching transfer time does not exceed 5s.
S4、在5h内将淬火后的弯曲型材在室温下进行二次弯曲成形，弯曲成形的塑性变形量控制在6％，以减小淬火过程造成的残余应力，实现弯曲型材的精密化成形，并使得型材产生定量的加工硬化效果。S4. Perform secondary bending on the quenched curved profile at room temperature within 5 hours, and control the plastic deformation of the curved shape at 6%, so as to reduce the residual stress caused by the quenching process and realize the precision forming of the curved profile, and The profile produces a quantitative work hardening effect.
S5、通过夹持和限位工具对挤出的弯曲型材进行固定，以约束型材的所有自由度，然后将弯曲型材进行时效处理，处理条件为温度170℃，时间24h，以进一步消除残余应力，并获得时效强化效果。S5. Fix the extruded curved profile by clamping and limiting tools to constrain all degrees of freedom of the profile, and then perform aging treatment on the curved profile under the conditions of temperature 170°C and time 24 hours to further eliminate residual stress. And get the effect of strengthening time.
采用本发明的生产工艺方法，可生产屈服强度高达600MPa、弯曲半径小于型材横截面最大宽度的1/2的超高强度、残余应力小的2195铝锂合金弯曲型材。By adopting the production process method of the present invention, it is possible to produce 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy curved profiles with a yield strength as high as 600 MPa, a bending radius smaller than 1/2 of the maximum width of the profile cross-section, and ultra-high strength and small residual stress.
实施例2Example 2
以2195铝锂合金为原材料，本发明的实施例提供了一种铝合金超高强度弯曲型材的生产工艺，包括：Using 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy as the raw material, the embodiment of the present invention provides a production process for aluminum alloy ultra-high-strength curved profiles, including:
S1、以0.5℃/min的加热速率将2195铝锂合金坯料加热至480℃，保温时间为8h。S1. Heat the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy billet to 480°C at a heating rate of 0.5°C/min, and hold for 8 hours.
S2、对步骤S1所得2195铝锂合金坯料进行双向差速热挤压和自然冷却，以获得弯曲型材。S2. Perform bidirectional differential speed hot extrusion and natural cooling on the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy billet obtained in step S1 to obtain a curved profile.
具体地，所述的双向差速热挤压的关键参数包括两个挤压杆的挤压速度V1和V2、坯料横截面面积Ab、弯曲型材横截面面积Ap，弯曲型材横截面外接圆直径Dp、挤压模具工作带最大长度L；其中两个挤压杆速度的和(V1+V2)为[30/(Ab/Ap)]mm/s；在(V1+V2)的限定条件下通过改变(V1-V2)/V1的值调控弯曲型材的弯曲半径；挤压模具工作带最大长度L需小于弯曲型材横截面外接圆直径Dp的1/2。Specifically, the key parameters of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion include the extrusion speeds V 1 and V 2 of the two extrusion rods, the cross-sectional area of the billet A b , the cross-sectional area of the curved profile A p , the cross-sectional area of the curved profile The diameter of the circumscribed circle D p , the maximum length L of the working zone of the extrusion die; the sum of the speeds of the two extrusion rods (V 1 +V 2 ) is [30/(A b /A p )]mm/s; at (V 1 +V 2 ) under the limited condition of adjusting the bending radius of the curved profile by changing the value of (V 1 -V 2 )/V 1 ; the maximum length L of the working belt of the extrusion die must be less than the circumscribed circle diameter D p of the cross section of the curved profile 1/2.
双向差速热挤压的条件为：坯料温度385℃，挤压筒温度420℃，挤压模具预热温度450℃。The conditions for bidirectional differential hot extrusion are: billet temperature 385°C, extrusion barrel temperature 420°C, extrusion die preheating temperature 450°C.
双向差速热挤压时，从挤压机挤出的型材的温度控制在500℃以下，挤出型材自然冷却至室温。During bi-directional differential hot extrusion, the temperature of the profile extruded from the extruder is controlled below 500°C, and the extruded profile is naturally cooled to room temperature.
S3、通过夹持和限位工具对挤出的弯曲型材进行固定，以约束型材的所有自由度，然后将其在490℃温度范围内保温3h固溶处理后立即放入室温水中进行淬火，淬火转移时间不超过5s。S3. Fix the extruded curved profile by clamping and limiting tools to constrain all degrees of freedom of the profile, and then keep it in the temperature range of 490°C for 3 hours and put it into room temperature water for quenching immediately after solution treatment. The transfer time does not exceed 5s.
S4、在5h内将淬火后的弯曲型材在室温下进行二次弯曲成形，弯曲成形的塑性变形量控制在2％，以减小淬火过程造成的残余应力，实现弯曲型材的精密化成形，并使得型材产生定量的加工硬化效果。S4. Perform secondary bending on the quenched curved profile at room temperature within 5 hours, and control the plastic deformation of the curved shape at 2%, so as to reduce the residual stress caused by the quenching process and realize the precision forming of the curved profile, and The profile produces a quantitative work hardening effect.
S5、通过夹持和限位工具对挤出的弯曲型材进行固定，以约束型材的所有自由度，然后将弯曲型材进行时效处理，处理条件为温度150℃，时间48h，以进一步消除残余应力，并获得时效强化效果。S5. Fix the extruded curved profile by clamping and limiting tools to constrain all degrees of freedom of the profile, and then perform aging treatment on the curved profile under the conditions of temperature 150°C and time 48 hours to further eliminate residual stress. And get the effect of strengthening time.
实施例3Example 3
以2195铝锂合金为原材料，本发明的实施例提供了一种铝合金超高强度弯曲型材的生产工艺，包括：Using 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy as the raw material, the embodiment of the present invention provides a production process for aluminum alloy ultra-high-strength curved profiles, including:
S1、以0.7℃/min的加热速率将2195铝锂合金坯料加热至490℃，保温时间为15h。S1. Heat the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy billet to 490°C at a heating rate of 0.7°C/min, and the holding time is 15h.
S2、对步骤S1所得2195铝锂合金坯料进行双向差速热挤压和自然冷却，以获得弯曲型材。S2. Perform bidirectional differential speed hot extrusion and natural cooling on the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy billet obtained in step S1 to obtain a curved profile.
具体地，所述的双向差速热挤压的关键参数包括两个挤压杆的挤压速度V1和V2、坯料横截面面积Ab、弯曲型材横截面面积Ap，弯曲型材横截面外接圆直径Dp、挤压模具工作带最大长度L；其中两个挤压杆速度的和(V1+V2)为[15/(Ab/Ap)]mm/s；在(V1+V2)的限定条件下通过改变(V1-V2)/V1的值调控弯曲型材的弯曲半径；挤压模具工作带最大长度L需小于弯曲型材横截面外接圆直径Dp的1/2。Specifically, the key parameters of the bidirectional differential hot extrusion include the extrusion speeds V 1 and V 2 of the two extrusion rods, the cross-sectional area of the billet A b , the cross-sectional area of the curved profile A p , the cross-sectional area of the curved profile The diameter of the circumscribed circle D p , the maximum length L of the working belt of the extrusion die; the sum of the speeds of the two extrusion rods (V 1 +V 2 ) is [15/(A b /A p )]mm/s; at (V 1 +V 2 ) under the limited condition of adjusting the bending radius of the curved profile by changing the value of (V 1 -V 2 )/V 1 ; the maximum length L of the working belt of the extrusion die must be less than the circumscribed circle diameter D p of the cross section of the curved profile 1/2.
双向差速热挤压的条件为：坯料温度430℃，挤压筒温度435℃，挤压模具预热温度480℃。The conditions for bidirectional differential hot extrusion are: billet temperature 430°C, extrusion barrel temperature 435°C, extrusion die preheating temperature 480°C.
双向差速热挤压时，从挤压机挤出的型材的温度控制在500℃以下，挤出型材自然冷却至室温。During bi-directional differential hot extrusion, the temperature of the profile extruded from the extruder is controlled below 500°C, and the extruded profile is naturally cooled to room temperature.
S3、通过夹持和限位工具对挤出的弯曲型材进行固定，以约束型材的所有自由度，然后将其在510℃温度范围内保温2h固溶处理后立即放入室温水中进行淬火，淬火转移时间不超过5s。S3. Fix the extruded curved profile by clamping and limiting tools to constrain all degrees of freedom of the profile, and then keep it in the temperature range of 510°C for 2 hours and put it into room temperature water for quenching immediately after solid solution treatment. The transfer time does not exceed 5s.
S4、在5h内将淬火后的弯曲型材在室温下进行二次弯曲成形，弯曲成形的塑性变形量控制在4％，以减小淬火过程造成的残余应力，实现弯曲型材的精密化成形，并使得型材产生定量的加工硬化效果。S4. Within 5 hours, the quenched curved profile is subjected to secondary bending at room temperature, and the plastic deformation of the curved shape is controlled at 4%, so as to reduce the residual stress caused by the quenching process and realize the precision forming of the curved profile, and The profile produces a quantitative work hardening effect.
S5、通过夹持和限位工具对挤出的弯曲型材进行固定，以约束型材的所有自由度，然后将弯曲型材进行时效处理，处理条件为温度160℃，时间36h，以进一步消除残余应力，并获得时效强化效果。S5. Fix the extruded curved profile by clamping and limiting tools to constrain all degrees of freedom of the profile, and then perform aging treatment on the curved profile. The treatment conditions are temperature 160°C and time 36h to further eliminate residual stress. And get the effect of strengthening time.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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