CN113751522A - Reverse extrusion production process of automobile forging rod - Google Patents
Reverse extrusion production process of automobile forging rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN113751522A CN113751522A CN202111135215.0A CN202111135215A CN113751522A CN 113751522 A CN113751522 A CN 113751522A CN 202111135215 A CN202111135215 A CN 202111135215A CN 113751522 A CN113751522 A CN 113751522A
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/20—Making uncoated products by backward extrusion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0075—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rods of limited length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a reverse extrusion production process of an automobile forging rod, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy processing. The invention utilizes the working principle of a reverse extruder, reduces the breakthrough pressure of the bar material at the initial stage of extrusion and improves the length specification of the cast ingot, the skin metal of the cast ingot has no relative friction with the inner wall of an extrusion cylinder in the reverse extrusion process, the extruded cast ingot can be extruded and produced by adopting a long bar at high speed, and the thrust force of the bar material in the whole extrusion process is much smaller than that of the forward extrusion, so that the extrusion speed of the product under the same extrusion tonnage is 2 times that of the forward extrusion, the daily output of the product is also 2 times that of the forward extrusion, the low-power coarse crystal effect and the coarse crystal ring depth of the product can be improved to the thickness of less than or equal to 0.2mm from the thickness of 1.5mm of the forward extrusion by setting reasonable extrusion process parameters and process control, and the requirement that no coarse crystal exists on the surface of the product can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy processing, and relates to a reverse extrusion production process of an automobile forging rod.
Background
When the automobile forged rod product is produced by adopting a forward extrusion mode, the extrusion speed of the product cannot reach more than 5 m/min due to the extrusion process limitation and the product surface quality requirement, low-power coarse crystals easily appear on the product after quenching, the thickness of a forward extrusion coarse crystal ring is not more than 1.5mm, in the forward extrusion process, vertical pressure is generated between the surface of an ingot and the inner wall of an extrusion cylinder in the ingot upsetting process, relative movement between the surface metal of the ingot and the inner wall of the extrusion cylinder generates large reverse friction tensile stress in the breakthrough process, the friction tensile stress directly influences the breakthrough pressure of the product, the breakthrough pressure of the product at the head end of the extrusion initial stage is large, internal energy is stored at the head end, the extrusion internal energy can not reach an average value due to the fact that the extrusion initial speed of the product cannot reach the average value, the extrusion internal energy is converted into the driving force for growing metal internal crystal grains, and the low-power material sample of the section is subjected to high-temperature off-line solution treatment at the later stage, the metal with larger edge deformation amount has static recrystallization due to the increase of the internal distortion energy and the quenching temperature, the thickness of a coarse crystal ring of a low-power material sample after being washed by low-power alkaline corrosion is more than or equal to 1.5mm, the unqualified low-power coarse crystal can cause secondary rechecking of a product, secondary surface scratches can be caused in the sampling and sequence transferring processes of the product by the secondary rechecking, and scrapping can occur.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a reverse extrusion production process for an automobile forging rod, which improves the yield of products by utilizing the difference of the working principles of a reverse extruder and a forward extruder, reduces the depth of a coarse grain layer subjected to low-power quenching, and controls the thickness of a low-power coarse grain layer to meet the use requirements of customer forging.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a reverse extrusion production process of an automobile forging rod is characterized in that an aluminum alloy rod is processed by ingot casting in a reverse extrusion mode; the alloy composition of the ingot comprises the following components in parts by weight: si: 0.8-1.0%, Fe: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, 0.10 percent of Cu, Mn: 0.50-7.0%, Mg: 0.8% -1.0%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity in total, and the balance of Al.
Optionally, the specification of the ingot is 250mm phi, 600mm phi and 254mm phi, 1000mm phi.
Optionally, quenching is performed in a slow-cooling stepped water-surging manner after the backward extrusion.
Optionally, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is controlled to be 420 +/-20 ℃ in the backward extrusion process.
Optionally, the temperature of the mold is controlled to be 420 ± 20 ℃ during the backward extrusion process. .
Optionally, a split structure is used in the backward extrusion process, wherein the middle working band is separately arranged.
Optionally, the head temperature and the tail temperature of the ingot are controlled to be 420-.
Optionally, the extrusion speed is controlled to be 7 +/-1 m/min in the reverse extrusion process.
Optionally, the set value of the extrusion ratio range in the backward extrusion process is 10-20.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention mainly utilizes the backward extrusion technology to reduce the depth of the coarse crystal layer of the low-power quenching and control the thickness of the low-power coarse crystal to be less than or equal to 0.2 mm. The breakthrough pressure of the bar in the initial stage of extrusion is reduced, the length specification of the cast ingot is improved, the length of the cast ingot is increased from the original 700mm to the length of 1000mm, the yield of the product is greatly increased, the extrusion speed is also increased from the original forward extrusion of 4 m/min to 8 m/min, the daily output of the product is increased from 5 t/day to 10 t/day theoretically, the low-power qualification rate and the surface coarse grains are increased from the original less than or equal to 1.5mm to the high standard requirement that the existing surface has no coarse grains and the depth of the coarse grain layer is less than or equal to 0.2 mm. The extrusion forging rod product is controlled in multiple aspects such as adjusting proper extrusion tonnage, extrusion process parameters, extrusion equipment adjustment and the like by using a reverse extruder, so that no coarse crystal exists after the surface of a low-power material sample of the product is quenched, the low-power material sample is more resistant to high temperature treatment, the purposes of accelerating the speed and increasing the yield of the product are realized for a finished product, and a rich theoretical data basis is provided for the development of a subsequent new project.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the following examples are only illustrative of the basic idea of the present invention, and features in the following examples and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
The existing forward extrusion production of forged bar products has the product extrusion speed limited by multiple aspects of extrusion ingot specification, extrusion ingot temperature, extrusion speed and the like, in the forward extrusion process, equipment at the initial stage of extrusion is in a high-pressure breakthrough state, high breakthrough pressure generates huge internal energy to internal structure metal of the cast ingot, the flow rate deformation difference of edge and core metal is caused by the friction tension between the surface of the cast ingot and the inner wall of an extrusion cylinder, the flow rate difference under the high-temperature flow of the metal causes the depth of coarse crystal rings of a low-power material sample of a product to be more than or equal to 1.5mm after quenching, and the surface of the low-power material sample also has serious coarse grains of the surface skin, the coarse grains of the surface skin cause great obstruction to the process treatment and the part processing in the subsequent forging process, the low-power coarse grains of the product also cause the repeated inspection and quenching processes of the product, and the processes are double wastes of human resources and material resources.
The invention discloses a backward extrusion production process of an automobile forging rod, wherein the alloy components of an ingot casting are as follows: si: 0.8-1.0%, Fe: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, 0.10 percent of Cu, Mn: 0.50-7.0%, Mg: 0.8% -1.0%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of each, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of the total, and the balance of Al. The extruder is a 2000T reverse single-action extruder, and the extrusion specification of the cast ingot is phi 250mm multiplied by 600mm to phi 254mm multiplied by 1000 mm. The product quenching mode adopts a slow cooling water surge mode for quenching, the slow cooling is more favorable for reducing the friction heat and the internal energy storage generated in the extrusion production process of the high-speed extrusion process of the product and the working belt of the die, and the stepped quenching cooling mode is more favorable for reducing the deformation quantity of the edge of the product and releasing the internal energy storage.
In the backward extrusion process, the following process points are mainly controlled:
(1) temperature of the extrusion container: the temperature of the inner wall of the extrusion container is controlled to be 420 +/-20 ℃, although the inner wall of the extrusion container does not move relative to the skin metal of the cast ingot, the temperature of the inner wall can be in heat conduction with the skin of the cast ingot, the higher temperature of the inner wall of the extrusion container is easy to be adhered to the outer skin of the cast ingot, the surface quality of a product can be reduced together with the sample, the extrusion speed of the product is reduced, and the excessive temperature of the container influences the upsetting exhaust process of the cast ingot, so that gas cannot be smoothly discharged, and the defect of bubbles under the skin of the extruded product can be caused.
(2) Temperature of the die: the temperature is controlled to be 420 +/-20 ℃, the temperature of the low-temperature control die is also controlled to improve the surface quality of an extruded product, and because the flow velocity of the surface of the backward extrusion metal is small, the only deformation is the friction tension with a die working belt, the low-temperature die is beneficial to improving the surface quality of the product and the extrusion speed, effectively reducing the flow velocity difference between the metal at the center part and the metal at the edge part of the extruded product and improving the uniformity of the integral flow of the bar.
(3) Die structure and working tape length: the die structure adopts a detachable structure, the middle working band part exists independently, the replacement is convenient, the extrusion speed of a reverse extrusion product is high, the abrasion of the die working band is relatively serious, the die working band needs to be repaired or replaced every time, the surface quality of a product is improved, the overall replacement of the die needs long time and needs to be completed by multiple persons, the temperature of the whole die can be reduced by long-time replacement of the die, the metal flow stability of an ingot and a die surface can be changed when the die is extruded again after being reduced, the flow of the whole metal tends to be uneven and the flow difference is large, the coarse grain condition of the product is easy to occur after low-time quenching, the die structure adopts a detachable structure, the effective length of the die working band is shortened as much as possible, and the optimal control is 6-8mm under the condition of not influencing the structural strength of the die, the stable molding of the product can be ensured, and the integral strength of the die can be ensured not to be damaged.
(4) And (3) extruding and ingot casting temperature: the heating temperature of the cast ingot during backward extrusion does not need to be too high, and the breakthrough pressure of the backward extrusion product is irrelevant to the length of the cast ingot, so the temperature of the cast ingot is in a heating mode opposite to the forward temperature, the temperature of the head end is controlled to be 440 ℃ plus materials, the temperature of the middle section is controlled to be 460 ℃ plus materials, the temperature of the tail end is controlled to be 440 ℃ plus materials due to the shortening of the length of the cast ingot, and the two sides are higher and the middle is lower, thereby being beneficial to upsetting and exhausting.
(5) Setting of extrusion speed: the forward extrusion is larger in metal deformation, but the backward extrusion metal is smaller in whole due to the extrusion driving force of the extruder, so that the extrusion speed can be increased and controlled to be 7 +/-1 m/min.
(6) Diameter of the extrusion-forged bar: the range of the rod diameter of the forged rod can be selectively controlled to produce by the extrusion ratio, and the range of the extrusion ratio can be set to be in the range of 10-20.
The difference between the working principle of the reverse extruder and the forward extruder is that the surface metal of the cast ingot and the inner wall of the extrusion cylinder have no relative friction in the reverse extrusion process, the extruded cast ingot can be extruded by adopting a long rod at a high speed, and the thrust of the rod in the whole extrusion process is much smaller than that of the forward extrusion, so that the extrusion speed of the product under the same extrusion tonnage is 2 times that of the forward extrusion by setting reasonable extrusion process parameters and process control, the daily output of the product is also 2 times that of the forward extrusion, the low-power coarse crystal effect and the coarse crystal ring depth of the product can be improved to be less than or equal to 0.2mm from the thickness of 1.5mm of the forward extrusion, the requirement that no coarse crystal exists on the surface of the product can be met, the surface of the forward extrusion product has larger coarse crystal, and the larger coarse crystal has great influence on the later forging processing of the product.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A reverse extrusion production process of an automobile forging rod is characterized in that an aluminum alloy rod is processed by ingot casting in a reverse extrusion mode; the alloy composition of the ingot comprises the following components in parts by weight: si: 0.8-1.0%, Fe: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, 0.10 percent of Cu, Mn: 0.50-7.0%, Mg: 0.8% -1.0%, Zn: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, Ti: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity in total, and the balance of Al.
2. The backward extrusion production process of the automobile forged rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ingot specification is 250mm x 600 mm-254 mm x 1000 mm.
3. The automotive forged bar backward extrusion production process of claim 1, wherein the backward extrusion is followed by quenching in a slow cooling stepwise water-gushing manner.
4. The backward extrusion process of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is controlled to be 420 ± 20 ℃ during the backward extrusion process.
5. The backward extrusion process of claim 1, wherein the die temperature is controlled to be 420 ± 20 ℃ during the backward extrusion process.
6. The backward extrusion process of claim 1, wherein the backward extrusion process is a split type structure in which the middle working band is separately provided.
7. The backward extrusion process of claim 1, wherein the head and tail temperatures of the ingot are controlled to 420-440 ℃ and the middle temperature is controlled to 440-460 ℃ during the backward extrusion process.
8. The backward extrusion process of claim 1, wherein the extrusion speed is controlled to be 7 ± 1m/min during the backward extrusion.
9. The backward extrusion process of claim 1, wherein the set value of the extrusion ratio during backward extrusion is in the range of 10 to 20.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111135215.0A CN113751522A (en) | 2021-09-27 | 2021-09-27 | Reverse extrusion production process of automobile forging rod |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111135215.0A CN113751522A (en) | 2021-09-27 | 2021-09-27 | Reverse extrusion production process of automobile forging rod |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113751522A true CN113751522A (en) | 2021-12-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111135215.0A Pending CN113751522A (en) | 2021-09-27 | 2021-09-27 | Reverse extrusion production process of automobile forging rod |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114310141A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-04-12 | 广东坚美铝型材厂（集团）有限公司 | Repairing method of solid bar extrusion die |
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2021
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Application publication date: 20211207 |