CN112808788A - Extrusion processing method of automobile anti-collision beam - Google Patents
Extrusion processing method of automobile anti-collision beam Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 206010040844 Skin exfoliation Diseases 0.000 claims description 17
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- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 56
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 53
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile component processing, and particularly relates to an extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam. The preparation method comprises the steps of pretreatment, preheating, extrusion, quenching and post-treatment in sequence, wherein the preheating is step heating, the temperature of the first-stage heating is 300-550 ℃, the temperature of the second-stage heating is 460-550 ℃, an electric heating furnace or a gas preheating furnace is adopted for the first-stage heating, a permanent magnet heating furnace or a power frequency heating furnace is adopted for the second-stage heating, the temperature of the ingot holding barrel is set to be 250-450 ℃ in the extrusion process, and the temperature of the discharge port is 500-580 ℃. The invention adopts a graded heating method when preheating the aluminum bar, adopts different heating furnaces to heat at low temperature and then at high temperature, can ensure that the aluminum bar is heated uniformly, is beneficial to improving the mechanical property of the product and reducing the defects of the product, and simultaneously ensures that the aluminum alloy material is fully dissolved by controlling parameters such as the discharge temperature of extrusion, the advancing speed, the nitrogen content of die liquid and the like, so that the product has higher strength and mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile component processing, and particularly relates to an extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam.
Background
With the continuous development and progress of the automobile industry, the requirements on the economy, comfort and controllability of automobiles are higher and higher, and the light weight of automobile bodies also becomes an important target pursued in the automobile manufacturing field. The aluminum alloy material is the preferred structural member material for the light weight of the automobile because of the advantages of high specific strength, low cost, easy processing and the like.
The automobile anti-collision beam is an important component of an automobile protection device, can play a role in buffering when a vehicle collides, protects the vehicle and reduces the damage to a collided object. The automobile anti-collision beam is required to have certain strength and also have good impact resistance, shock absorption and energy absorption capacity, and the energy and impact force are absorbed in the collision process, so that the collision force can be uniformly dispersed, and the safety of an engine and other parts is protected. At present, the automobile anti-collision beam is prepared from an aluminum alloy material, and a large-tonnage extruder is generally used for processing. Although the conventional process can enable the aluminum alloy member to have higher hardness, the better mechanical property is still difficult to ensure, the extrusion process has more defects, defective products or waste products often occur, for example, the pretreatment process of the aluminum bar is unreasonable to cause the appearance of the product to be poor, the welding is poor to cause the material crushing performance to be unqualified, the extrusion process is unreasonable to cause the defects of the head shrinkage or tail light shrinkage of the section bar, and the quenching process is unreasonable to cause the deformation or the dimension and the strength of the product to be unqualified. The Chinese patent application with the publication number of CN111974973A adopts a mode of combining an aluminum alloy casting and foamed aluminum, so that the automobile anti-collision beam can smoothly transfer energy when in collision, and the overall shock absorption, energy absorption and impact resistance are improved.
Similarly, automobile components such as auxiliary frames, vehicle bottom longitudinal beams, cross beams, vehicle body reinforcements and impact-resistant parts have higher requirements on mechanical strength and bending performance. The existing process has many problems, which bring great trouble to the production of aluminum alloy automobile anti-collision beams and other automobile components, and are difficult to meet the requirements of related products on high quality, high strength and high elastic modulus.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a simple and efficient extrusion processing method of the automobile anti-collision beam, which obviously improves the mechanical property of the automobile anti-collision beam.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the extrusion processing method of the automobile anti-collision beam sequentially comprises pretreatment, preheating, extrusion, quenching and post-treatment, wherein the preheating is step heating, the temperature of the first-stage heating is 350 ℃ plus materials, and the temperature of the second-stage heating is 550 ℃ plus materials.
The invention preheats the aluminum bar by adopting a graded heating mode, so that the aluminum bar is heated more uniformly during preheating. And the direct heating at high temperature can cause coarsening of crystal boundary, so that the eutectic body with low melting point is seriously damaged, the aluminum alloy material is deformed, and the mechanical property is sharply reduced. Therefore, the invention firstly preserves heat at a lower temperature and then raises the temperature to a higher temperature, thereby ensuring that the aluminum alloy material has better processing performance in extrusion and improving the strength and the anti-deformation capability of the product.
Preferably, in the extrusion method of the present invention, the preheating is performed by using two types of heating, i.e., an electric heating furnace, a gas preheating furnace, a permanent magnet heating furnace, and an intermediate frequency heating furnace.
Further preferably, in the extrusion processing method of the present invention, the primary heating is an electric heating furnace or a gas preheating furnace, and the secondary heating is a permanent magnet heating furnace or an intermediate frequency heating furnace.
Further preferably, in the extrusion processing method of the present invention, the time of the first heating is 1 to 3 hours, and the time of the second heating is 6 to 15 minutes.
The preheating temperature of the head and the tail of the aluminum bar can be ensured to be about 20-30 ℃ in phase difference by the permanent magnet heating furnace and the intermediate frequency heating furnace, so that the pressure in the subsequent extrusion process can be ensured to be more stable, and the defects of layering, peeling, poor welding and the like on the surface of an extruded product are avoided.
Preferably, the temperature of the ingot containing barrel is set to be 250-450 ℃ and the temperature of the discharge port is set to be 500-580 ℃ in the extrusion process.
Preferably, the extrusion head is advanced at a speed of 1.0 to 5.0mm/s in the extrusion process of the present invention.
In the process of extruding the aluminum alloy material, if the outlet temperature is too low, the solid solution of the material is insufficient, so that the strength, the elastic modulus and the deformation resistance of an extruded product are difficult to meet the requirements; if the outlet temperature is too high, eutectic with low melting point and coarsening and even re-melting of grain boundaries can occur, so that the microstructure of the alloy is damaged, and even the extruded product can be seriously deformed. And extrusion speed also can influence the performance of aluminum alloy material, if extrusion speed is too low, discharge gate temperature can not reach the requirement during extrusion, and extrusion speed is too high, can lead to discharge gate temperature also to be on the high side, easily causes the aluminum alloy overburning. Therefore, the temperature of the discharge port is set within the range of 500-580 ℃, so that the aluminum alloy material can be ensured to be fully dissolved in solution, and the overburning can be avoided.
Further preferably, in the extrusion process of the present invention, the mold is cooled with liquid nitrogen.
More preferably, in the invention, when the mold is cooled, the opening of the liquid nitrogen regulating valve is 20-40%.
Preferably, in the extrusion processing method of the present invention, the pretreatment is to perform a skin brushing, peeling or peeling treatment on the aluminum bar to remove skin impurities.
Preferably, in the extrusion method of the present invention, the quenching method is at least one of natural cooling, forced air cooling, water mist cooling, water cooling, and water through cooling.
Preferably, in the extrusion method of the present invention, the post-treatment is a treatment using a single-stage aging process or a multi-stage aging process.
The invention also aims to provide the automobile anti-collision beam prepared by the extrusion processing method, wherein the tensile strength of the automobile anti-collision beam is more than or equal to 260MPa, the yield strength of the automobile anti-collision beam is more than or equal to 240MPa, and the elongation percentage A of the automobile anti-collision beam is30≥15％。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the aluminum alloy material is pretreated and preheated before being extruded, so that the surface impurities and appearance defects of the product can be eliminated, and the qualification rate of the automobile anti-collision beam product is improved;
(2) according to the invention, a graded heating method is adopted when the aluminum bar is preheated, and different heating furnaces are adopted for heating at low temperature and then at high temperature, so that the aluminum bar can be uniformly heated, the mechanical property of the product can be improved, and the product defects can be reduced;
(3) the invention adopts the permanent magnet heating furnace or the intermediate frequency heating furnace for secondary heating, so that the head and the tail of the aluminum bar have temperature difference, and the stable pressure in the extrusion process is ensured;
(4) according to the invention, through controlling parameters such as the extrusion discharging temperature, the pushing speed, the nitrogen amount of the die liquid and the like, the aluminum alloy material is ensured to be fully dissolved, the aluminum alloy material has higher strength and mechanical property, and the influence of overburning on the alloy structure and performance is avoided;
(5) the automobile anti-collision beam product prepared by the method has excellent mechanical strength and bending performance, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 260MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 240MPa, and the elongation A30≥15％。
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of an impact beam product prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a partial view of an impact beam product made in comparative example 1;
fig. 3 is a partial view of an impact beam product prepared in comparative example 3.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described and illustrated by the following specific examples. The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are those commonly used in the art, and the methods used in the examples are those conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely to aid in the understanding of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention specifically.
The invention provides an extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam, which specifically comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: performing leather brushing, peeling or peeling treatment on the aluminum bar to remove impurities on the surface of the aluminum bar, and avoiding the defects of poor appearance and the like caused by the impurities entering the product in the extrusion process;
preheating: the aluminum bar is heated in a grading way by two types of an electric heating furnace, a gas preheating furnace, a permanent magnet heating furnace and a medium-frequency heating furnace respectively, the temperature of primary heating is 300-350 ℃, the heating time is 1-3h, the temperature of secondary heating is 460-550 ℃, and the heating temperature is 6-15 min;
extruding: after the preheating is finished, putting the aluminum bar into an extruder for extrusion, setting the advancing speed of an extrusion head to be 1.0-5.0mm/s, the temperature of a ingot containing barrel to be 250-450 ℃, the temperature of a discharge port to be 500-580 ℃, introducing liquid nitrogen into a mold for cooling in the extrusion process, and adjusting the opening of a liquid nitrogen valve to be 20-40% to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
quenching: quenching and cooling the aluminum alloy section by one or more combination modes of natural cooling, strong wind cooling, water mist cooling, water cooling or water through cooling;
and (3) post-treatment: and carrying out single-stage aging or multi-stage aging treatment on the aluminum alloy section so as to enable the mechanical property of the product to meet the requirement.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam, which comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: peeling the aluminum bar to remove impurities on the surface of the aluminum bar;
preheating: firstly, placing an aluminum bar into a gas preheating furnace (Zhaoqing Kodao mechanical manufacturing limited company) to carry out primary heating, setting the heating temperature to be 320 ℃, and the heating time to be 2 hours, then placing the aluminum bar into an intermediate frequency heating furnace (OTTO JUNKER company) to carry out secondary heating, and adopting a step heating mode, setting the heating temperature of the head part of the aluminum bar to be 530-;
extruding: after the preheating is finished, putting the aluminum bar into an extruder for extrusion, setting the propelling speed of an extrusion head to be 2.8mm/s, the temperature of a ingot containing barrel to be 420 ℃, the temperature of a discharge port to be 560 ℃, introducing liquid nitrogen into a mold for cooling in the extrusion process, and adjusting the opening of a liquid nitrogen valve to be 30 percent to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
quenching: firstly, carrying out strong wind cooling on the aluminum alloy section at a cooling speed of 60 ℃/s, and then carrying out water penetration cooling at a cooling speed of 110 ℃/s;
and (3) post-treatment: and carrying out single-stage artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy section, and carrying out heat preservation for 7h at the temperature of 180-190 ℃ to obtain the automobile anti-collision beam product, as shown in figure 1.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam, which comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: peeling the aluminum bar to remove impurities on the surface of the aluminum bar;
preheating: firstly, placing an aluminum bar into a gas preheating furnace for primary heating, setting the heating temperature to be 350 ℃, and the heating time to be 2.5h, then placing the aluminum bar into a medium-frequency heating furnace for secondary heating, and adopting a step heating mode, setting the heating temperature of the head part of the aluminum bar to be 525-;
extruding: after the preheating is finished, putting the aluminum bar into an extruder for extrusion, setting the advancing speed of an extrusion head to be 2.8mm/s, the temperature of a ingot containing barrel to be 395 ℃, the temperature of a discharge port to be 550 ℃, introducing liquid nitrogen into a mold for cooling in the extrusion process, and adjusting the opening of a liquid nitrogen valve to be 30 percent to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
quenching: firstly, carrying out strong wind cooling on the aluminum alloy section at a cooling speed of 75 ℃/s, and then carrying out water penetration cooling at a cooling speed of 110 ℃/s;
and (3) post-treatment: and carrying out single-stage artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy section, and carrying out heat preservation for 7h at the temperature of 180-190 ℃ to obtain the automobile anti-collision beam product.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam, which comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: peeling the aluminum bar to remove impurities on the surface of the aluminum bar;
preheating: firstly, placing an aluminum bar into a gas preheating furnace for primary heating, setting the heating temperature to be 315 ℃, the heating time to be 3h, then placing the aluminum bar into a medium-frequency heating furnace for secondary heating, adopting a step heating mode, setting the heating temperature of the head part of the aluminum bar to be 525-;
extruding: after the preheating is finished, putting the aluminum bar into an extruder for extrusion, setting the advancing speed of an extrusion head to be 2.5mm/s, the temperature of a ingot containing barrel to be 395 ℃, the temperature of a discharge port to be 550 ℃, introducing liquid nitrogen into a mold for cooling in the extrusion process, and adjusting the opening of a liquid nitrogen valve to be 30 percent to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
quenching: firstly, carrying out strong wind cooling on the aluminum alloy section at a cooling speed of 55 ℃/s, and then carrying out water mist cooling at a cooling speed of 115 ℃/s;
and (3) post-treatment: and carrying out single-stage artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy section, and carrying out heat preservation for 6h at the temperature of 195-plus 205 ℃ to obtain the automobile anti-collision beam product.
Example 4
The embodiment provides an extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam, which comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: peeling the aluminum bar to remove impurities on the surface of the aluminum bar;
preheating: firstly, placing an aluminum bar into a gas preheating furnace for primary heating, setting the heating temperature to be 350 ℃ and the heating time to be 2h, then placing the aluminum bar into a permanent magnet heating furnace (EFFMAG company) for secondary heating, and adopting a step heating mode, setting the heating temperature of the head part of the aluminum bar to be 520-;
extruding: after the preheating is finished, putting the aluminum bar into an extruder for extrusion, setting the propelling speed of an extrusion head to be 3mm/s, the temperature of a ingot containing barrel to be 360 ℃, the temperature of a discharge port to be 520 ℃, introducing liquid nitrogen into a mold for cooling in the extrusion process, and adjusting the opening of a liquid nitrogen valve to be 30 percent to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
quenching: firstly, carrying out strong wind cooling on the aluminum alloy section at a cooling speed of 75 ℃/s, and then carrying out water penetration cooling at a cooling speed of 100 ℃/s;
and (3) post-treatment: and carrying out single-stage artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy section, and carrying out heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 200-210 ℃ to obtain the automobile anti-collision beam product.
Example 5
The embodiment provides an extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam, which comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: performing skin brushing treatment on the aluminum bar to remove skin impurities;
preheating: firstly, placing an aluminum bar into a gas preheating furnace for primary heating, setting the heating temperature to be 320 ℃, and the heating time to be 3h, then placing the aluminum bar into a medium-frequency heating furnace for secondary heating, and adopting a step heating mode, setting the heating temperature of the head part of the aluminum bar to be 530-;
extruding: after the preheating is finished, putting the aluminum bar into an extruder for extrusion, setting the propelling speed of an extrusion head to be 2.8mm/s, the temperature of a ingot containing barrel to be 420 ℃, the temperature of a discharge port to be 560 ℃, introducing liquid nitrogen into a mold for cooling in the extrusion process, and adjusting the opening of a liquid nitrogen valve to be 30 percent to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
quenching: cooling the aluminum alloy section with water at the cooling speed of 120 ℃/s;
and (3) post-treatment: and (3) performing multistage artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy section, firstly preserving heat at 155 ℃ for 4h, then preserving heat at 180 ℃ for 4h, and finally preserving heat at 205 ℃ for 6h to obtain the automobile anti-collision beam product.
Example 6
The embodiment provides an extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam, which comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: peeling the aluminum bar to remove impurities on the surface of the aluminum bar;
preheating: firstly, putting an aluminum bar into a gas preheating furnace for primary heating, setting the heating temperature to be 320 ℃, and the heating time to be 2 hours, then putting the aluminum bar into an electric heating furnace (EFFMAG company) for secondary heating, setting the heating temperature to be 465 ℃, and the heating time to be 6 minutes;
extruding: after the preheating is finished, putting the aluminum bar into an extruder for extrusion, setting the propelling speed of an extrusion head to be 2.8mm/s, the temperature of a ingot containing barrel to be 420 ℃, the temperature of a discharge port to be 560 ℃, introducing liquid nitrogen into a mold for cooling in the extrusion process, and adjusting the opening of a liquid nitrogen valve to be 30 percent to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
quenching: firstly, carrying out strong wind cooling on the aluminum alloy section at a cooling speed of 60 ℃/s, and then carrying out water penetration cooling at a cooling speed of 110 ℃/s;
and (3) post-treatment: and carrying out single-stage artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy section, and carrying out heat preservation for 7h at the temperature of 180-190 ℃ to obtain the automobile anti-collision beam product.
Example 7
The embodiment provides an extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam, which comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: peeling the aluminum bar to remove impurities on the surface of the aluminum bar;
preheating: firstly, placing an aluminum bar into a gas preheating furnace for primary heating, setting the heating temperature to be 320 ℃, the heating time to be 2 hours, then placing the aluminum bar into a medium-frequency heating furnace for secondary heating, adopting a step heating mode, setting the heating temperature of the head part of the aluminum bar to be 530-plus-one 535 ℃, the heating temperature of the tail part of the aluminum bar to be 480-plus-one 485 ℃, and setting the secondary heating time to be 6 minutes;
extruding: after the preheating is finished, putting the aluminum bar into an extruder for extrusion, setting the propelling speed of an extrusion head to be 2.8mm/s, the temperature of a ingot containing barrel to be 450 ℃, the temperature of a discharge port to be 590 ℃, introducing liquid nitrogen into a mold for cooling in the extrusion process, and adjusting the opening of a liquid nitrogen valve to be 30 percent to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
quenching: firstly, carrying out strong wind cooling on the aluminum alloy section at a cooling speed of 60 ℃/s, and then carrying out water penetration cooling at a cooling speed of 110 ℃/s;
and (3) post-treatment: and carrying out single-stage artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy section, and carrying out heat preservation for 7h at the temperature of 180-190 ℃ to obtain the automobile anti-collision beam product.
Example 8
The embodiment provides an extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam, which comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: peeling the aluminum bar to remove impurities on the surface of the aluminum bar;
preheating: firstly, placing an aluminum bar into a gas preheating furnace for primary heating, setting the heating temperature to be 320 ℃, the heating time to be 2 hours, then placing the aluminum bar into a medium-frequency heating furnace for secondary heating, adopting a step heating mode, setting the heating temperature of the head part of the aluminum bar to be 530-plus-one 535 ℃, the heating temperature of the tail part of the aluminum bar to be 480-plus-one 485 ℃, and setting the secondary heating time to be 6 minutes;
extruding: after the preheating is finished, putting the aluminum bar into an extruder for extrusion, setting the propelling speed of an extrusion head to be 2.8mm/s, the temperature of a ingot containing cylinder to be 250 ℃, the temperature of a discharge port to be 490 ℃, introducing liquid nitrogen into a mold for cooling in the extrusion process, and adjusting the opening of a liquid nitrogen valve to be 30 percent to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
quenching: firstly, carrying out strong wind cooling on the aluminum alloy section at a cooling speed of 60 ℃/s, and then carrying out water penetration cooling at a cooling speed of 110 ℃/s;
and (3) post-treatment: and carrying out single-stage artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy section, and carrying out heat preservation for 7h at the temperature of 180-190 ℃ to obtain the automobile anti-collision beam product.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides an extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam, which comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: peeling the aluminum bar to remove impurities on the surface of the aluminum bar;
extruding: putting the pretreated aluminum bar into an extruder for extrusion, setting the propelling speed of an extrusion head to be 2.8mm/s, the temperature of a ingot containing barrel to be 420 ℃, the temperature of a discharge port to be 560 ℃, introducing liquid nitrogen into a mold during extrusion for cooling, and adjusting the opening of a liquid nitrogen valve to be 30 percent to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
quenching: firstly, carrying out strong wind cooling on the aluminum alloy section at a cooling speed of 60 ℃/s, and then carrying out water penetration cooling at a cooling speed of 110 ℃/s;
and (3) post-treatment: and carrying out single-stage artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy section, and carrying out heat preservation for 7h at the temperature of 180-190 ℃ to obtain the automobile anti-collision beam product.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides an extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam, which comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: peeling the aluminum bar to remove impurities on the surface of the aluminum bar;
preheating: putting the pretreated aluminum bar into a gas preheating furnace for heating, wherein the heating temperature is set to be 320 ℃, and the heating time is 2 hours;
extruding: after the preheating is finished, putting the aluminum bar into an extruder for extrusion, setting the propelling speed of an extrusion head to be 2.8mm/s, the temperature of a ingot containing barrel to be 420 ℃, the temperature of a discharge port to be 560 ℃, introducing liquid nitrogen into a mold for cooling in the extrusion process, and adjusting the opening of a liquid nitrogen valve to be 30 percent to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
quenching: firstly, carrying out strong wind cooling on the aluminum alloy section at a cooling speed of 60 ℃/s, and then carrying out water penetration cooling at a cooling speed of 110 ℃/s;
and (3) post-treatment: and carrying out single-stage artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy section, and carrying out heat preservation for 7h at the temperature of 180-190 ℃ to obtain the automobile anti-collision beam product.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides an extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam, which comprises the following steps:
pretreatment: peeling the aluminum bar to remove impurities on the surface of the aluminum bar;
preheating: placing the pretreated aluminum bar into an intermediate frequency heating furnace for heating, and setting the heating temperature of the head part of the aluminum bar to 530-485-plus-one temperature and the secondary heating time to 6min in a step heating mode;
extruding: after the preheating is finished, putting the aluminum bar into an extruder for extrusion, setting the propelling speed of an extrusion head to be 2.8mm/s, the temperature of a ingot containing barrel to be 420 ℃, the temperature of a discharge port to be 560 ℃, introducing liquid nitrogen into a mold for cooling in the extrusion process, and adjusting the opening of a liquid nitrogen valve to be 30 percent to obtain an aluminum alloy section;
quenching: firstly, carrying out strong wind cooling on the aluminum alloy section at a cooling speed of 60 ℃/s, and then carrying out water penetration cooling at a cooling speed of 110 ℃/s;
and (3) post-treatment: and carrying out single-stage artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy section, and carrying out heat preservation for 7h at the temperature of 180-190 ℃ to obtain the automobile anti-collision beam product.
The automobile impact beam products prepared in examples 1-8 and comparative examples 1-3 were respectively subjected to performance tests, wherein the mechanical strength was tested according to the method specified in the GB/T228.1-2010 metal material tensile test, and the bending performance was tested according to the VDA 238-100 bending test standard, and the results are shown in tables 1-2.
TABLE 1 results of mechanical Strength test of automobile impact beam products prepared in examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 3
TABLE 2 results of flexural Property test of automobile impact beam products obtained in examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 3
| Test items | Thickness (mm) | α(°) | αnorm(°) |
| Example 1 | 2.01 | 118 | 118 |
| Example 2 | 2.02 | 125 | 126 |
| Practice ofExample 3 | 2.03 | 126 | 127 |
| Example 4 | 2.02 | 122 | 123 |
| Example 5 | 2.00 | 126 | 126 |
| Example 6 | 2.01 | 116 | 115 |
| Example 7 | 1.97 | 113 | 115 |
| Example 8 | 2.03 | 116 | 114 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.98 | 106 | 109 |
| Comparative example 2 | 2.02 | 121 | 122 |
| Comparative example 3 | 2.00 | 107 | 108 |
From the results, the tensile strength of the automobile anti-collision beam prepared by the method is more than or equal to 260MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 240MPa, and the elongation A is30Not less than 15 percent. In the embodiment 7, due to too high temperature in the extrusion process of the aluminum alloy material, the overburning phenomenon occurs, the surface of the obtained product is blackened, the deformation phenomenon occurs, the strength and the elongation rate are greatly influenced, and the product can not be used after being scrapped; and the extrusion temperature of the embodiment 8 is lower, and the solid solution of the aluminum alloy material is insufficient, so that the strength and the bending property of the anti-collision beam product are obviously reduced. The preparation method of comparative example 1 does not perform preheating treatment, and the aluminum bar is directly put into an extruder, so that the obtained product has serious defects in appearance (as shown in figure 2), and the mechanical property does not meet the requirement; the preheating temperature of the comparative example 2 is low, secondary heating is not carried out, the difference with the extrusion temperature is large, and the pressure stability is difficult to ensure in the extrusion process, so that the mechanical strength of the product is influenced; comparative example 3 was directly subjected to high temperature preheating, and the profile also exhibited slight deformation and poor welding during extrusion (as shown in fig. 3), resulting in a decrease in yield strength and bending properties.
The above embodiment only exemplifies the extrusion preparation method of the anti-collision beam, and the method can also be used for preparing automobile components such as auxiliary frames, vehicle bottom longitudinal beams, cross beams, vehicle body reinforcements, impact-resistant parts and the like with higher requirements on mechanical properties and yield strength, and all can be regarded as similar or similar technical schemes of the invention.
The above embodiments are not exhaustive of the range of parameters of the claimed technical solutions of the present invention and the new technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement of single or multiple technical features in the technical solutions of the embodiments are also within the scope of the claimed technical solutions of the present invention, and if no specific description is given for all the parameters involved in the technical solutions of the present invention, there is no unique combination of the parameters with each other that is not replaceable.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention. The technical solutions similar or similar to the present invention can be obtained by those skilled in the art through equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation, and all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The extrusion processing method of the automobile anti-collision beam is characterized by sequentially comprising pretreatment, preheating, extrusion, quenching and post-treatment, wherein the preheating is step heating, the temperature of the first-stage heating is 300-350 ℃, and the temperature of the second-stage heating is 460-550 ℃.
2. The extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam according to claim 1, wherein the preheating is performed by two of an electric heating furnace, a gas preheating furnace, a permanent magnet heating furnace and a medium frequency heating furnace.
3. The extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam according to claim 2, characterized in that the primary heating is an electric heating furnace or a gas preheating furnace, and the secondary heating is a permanent magnet heating furnace or an intermediate frequency heating furnace.
4. The extrusion processing method for the automobile anti-collision beam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the ingot containing barrel is set to be 250-450 ℃ and the temperature of the discharge port is set to be 500-580 ℃ during the extrusion process.
5. The extrusion processing method of an automobile impact beam according to claim 1, wherein the advancing speed of the extrusion head during the extrusion process is 1.0-5.0 mm/s.
6. The extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam according to claim 1, wherein the pre-processing is to perform brushing, peeling or peeling treatment on the aluminum bar to remove skin impurities.
7. The extrusion processing method of an automobile anti-collision beam according to claim 1, wherein the quenching mode is at least one of natural cooling, strong wind cooling, water mist cooling, water cooling and water through cooling.
8. The extrusion processing method of an automobile impact beam according to claim 1, wherein the post-treatment is a single-stage aging or multi-stage aging process.
9. An automobile anti-collision beam, characterized in that the anti-collision beam is manufactured by the extrusion processing method of the automobile anti-collision beam according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the tensile strength of the automobile anti-collision beam is equal to or more than 260MPa, the yield strength of the automobile anti-collision beam is equal to or more than 240MPa, and the elongation of the automobile anti-collision beam is equal to or more than 15%.
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