CN105543742A - Heat treatment technique of thick-wall aluminum alloy hollow extruded section - Google Patents
Heat treatment technique of thick-wall aluminum alloy hollow extruded section Download PDFInfo
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- CN105543742A CN105543742A CN201610075102.9A CN201610075102A CN105543742A CN 105543742 A CN105543742 A CN 105543742A CN 201610075102 A CN201610075102 A CN 201610075102A CN 105543742 A CN105543742 A CN 105543742A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment technique of a thick-wall aluminum alloy hollow extruded section. After double-stage reinforced solution treatment is carried out on the aluminum alloy section, three-stage artificial aging is sequentially carried out. By adopting the double-stage reinforced solution treatment, part of soluble phases can be firstly dissolved, thereby lowering the stored energy of deformation of the alloy, eliminating most stress in the structure, and inhibiting the subsequent recrystallization and coarse crystal grains; and the second phase and insoluble phase in the structure are further dissolved, thereby enhancing the degree of supersaturation of the quenched alloy. The three-stage aging treatment is implemented by interrupting the traditional single-stage aging, so that the alloy has the structure characteristics of the dispersive and fine intracrystalline precipitated phase and the isolated and discontinuous grain boundary precipitated phase; and the three-stage aging treatment intercepts the intercrystalline corrosion channel and enhances the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Compared with the traditional technique, the technique provided by the invention enhances the strength of the aluminum alloy section by 15% or above on the premise of not lowering the plasticity, obviously improves the corrosion resistance, and is simple and easy to implement and convenient for industrial production. The technique is especially suitable for heat treatment reinforcement of aluminum alloy hollow extruded sections for rail transit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy, belong to aluminum alloy materials technical field of heat treatment, be specifically related to the thermal treatment process of a kind of Al – Zn – Mg system wrought aluminium alloy extruded section.
Background technology
Al – Zn – Mg system wrought aluminium alloy, because its intensity is high, plasticity is good, can weld and heat treatment reinforcement, thus be used to be squeezed into section bar, make the welded construction stressed member of high strength, high tenacity, as the draw beam, vehicle frame sleeper beam, large-scale heat exchanger component etc. of rail traffic vehicles.Physical culture bike, tennis racket and softball bat can also be made.Thus specification of quality is harsh.
Al – Zn – Mg system wrought aluminium alloy, though as a member in 7xxx line aluminium alloy extended familys, but the undercapacity because alloying level is lower eventually, and this to be alloy the same with this family other alloys, in wet environment or industrial gaseous waste, there is certain corrosion susceptibility.A very long time in the past, people mostly adopt traditional single-stage aging (T6 peak timeliness) alloy to heat-treat strengthening; Simultaneously in order to improve solidity to corrosion, using multistage aging instead and processing, but all can cause the decline of the intensity of alloy.Report in a large number complicated regression and re-ageing process (RRA, first carries out T6 process, after at high temperature carry out regression treatment, then carry out T6 process) under the prerequisite that can not decline in intensity, improve the solidity to corrosion of 7xxx line aluminium alloy.But regression treatment is not but because feature between high temperature, short time is suitable for the thermal treatment of large section, thick member in this system.In the document reported at present, have no associated hot treatment process and the intensity of the hollow extruded section of thick-wall aluminum alloy can be made to break through 400MPa, and still possess excellent ductility and solidity to corrosion.The over-all properties of the hollow extruded section of thick-wall aluminum alloy needs to be improved further.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for above-mentioned deficiency, provide the Multi-stage heat treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy, fully excavate and improve the potential that this is alloy.
The thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy of the present invention, comprises the steps:
The first step: hollow for thick-wall aluminum alloy extruded section is heated to 390 ~ 440 DEG C carry out one-level solid solution insulation after, continue to be warming up to 475 ~ 490 DEG C and carry out secondary solid solution insulation, come out of the stove, force be cooled to room temperature; Preferred one-level solid solubility temperature is 395-435 DEG C, and preferred one-level solid solubility temperature is 400-430 DEG C; Preferred secondary solid solubility temperature is 480-490 DEG C, and preferred secondary solid solubility temperature is 485-490 DEG C;
Second step: the section bar after the first step process is carried out three grades of artificial agings successively;
One-level artificial aging temperature 100 ~ 130 DEG C, preferred temperature is 105-125 DEG C, and preferred temperature is 110-120 DEG C; The type of cooling: force to be cooled to room temperature;
Secondary artificial aging temperature 50 ~ 80 DEG C, preferred temperature is 60-70 DEG C, and preferred temperature is 65-70 DEG C; The type of cooling: natural air cooling is to room temperature;
Three grades of artificial aging temperature 100 ~ 130 DEG C, preferred temperature is 105-125 DEG C, and preferred temperature is 110-120 DEG C; The type of cooling: natural air cooling is to room temperature.
The thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy of the present invention,
One-level solid solution soaking time 5 ~ 10h; Preferred soaking time is 5-9h, and preferred soaking time is 5-8h;
Secondary solid solution soaking time 1.5 ~ 2h; Preferred soaking time is 1.6-1.8h, and preferred soaking time is 1.7-1.8h;
One-level artificial aging soaking time 20 ~ 90min; Preferred soaking time is 30-90min, and preferred soaking time is 40-90min;
Secondary artificial aging soaking time 5 ~ 14 days; Preferred soaking time is 6-12 days, and preferred soaking time is 7-10 days;
Three grades of artificial aging soaking time 28 ~ 72h; Preferred soaking time is 30-60h, and preferred soaking time is 40-48h; .
The thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy of the present invention,
Pressure speed of cooling >=100 after secondary solid solution and after one-level artificial aging DEG C/min.
The thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy of the present invention,
Pressure speed of cooling after secondary solid solution and after one-level artificial aging is 100-120 DEG C/min.
The thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy of the present invention, described pressure cooling adopts air-cooled.
The thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy of the present invention, after secondary solid solution, controls section bar in 10 ~ 30s, enters pressure refrigerating work procedure; After one-level artificial aging, control section bar and enter pressure refrigerating work procedure at 20 ~ 60s.
The thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy of the present invention, the rate of heating of secondary solid solution is 50 ~ 80 DEG C/h; One-level artificial aging, secondary artificial aging, three grades of artificially aged rate of heating are 80 ~ 100 DEG C/h.
The thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy of the present invention, the wall thickness >=7.5mm of the hollow extruded section of described thick-wall aluminum alloy, the cross section of section bar is selected from the one in Polygons, circle, ellipse.
The thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy of the present invention, the wall thickness of the hollow extruded section of described thick-wall aluminum alloy is 7.5 ~ 18mm.
The thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy of the present invention, described heat treatment process carries out in order successively, can not exchange.
The thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy of the present invention, polishes to the hollow surface of extruded profiles of thick-wall aluminum alloy, removes zone of oxidation and the foul on surface, and with after organic solvent cleaning, carries out solution treatment.
The thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy of the present invention, the hollow extruded section of described thick-wall aluminum alloy comprises following component by percentage to the quality:
Zn3.5～3.8，
Mg1.2～1.5，
Cu0.08～0.10，
Fe0.06～0.10，
Si0.10～0.15，
Mn0.30～0.35，
Cr0.18～0.22，
Zr0.10～0.15，
Ti0.04～0.06，
V0.01 ~ 0.03, other impurity elements add up to≤0.20; Surplus is Al.
Mechanism of the present invention is as follows:
Present invention employs twin-stage strengthened solution, namely first carry out the insulation of for some time at lower than alloy recrystallization temperature, it is lyotropic phase both can to have dissolved a part, also can fall low-alloyed deformation energy, eliminate most tissues internal stress, suppress follow-up recrystallize and coarse grains; Then under a little less than the solidus temperature of alloy, carry out solid solution insulation, the second-phase in tissue and indissoluble phase can be dissolved further, improve the degree of supersaturation after alloy quenching.The present invention, at Stages of Aging, has been interrupted traditional single-stage aging system, under aging temp, has namely first carried out the preageing of short period, makes tissue prepare for follow-up timeliness, then (about 0.45 ~ 0.6T at a lower temperature
timeliness) carry out secondary ageing, owing to having higher condensate depression and separating out motivating force, the inner general precipitation of alloy is separated out, and nucleation site is more, size is more tiny, at the phase particle that the equal diffusion-precipitation of crystal boundary and intracrystalline is tiny, finally return to again single-stage aging system, the precipitated phase of intracrystalline is slowly grown up, precipitated phase on crystal boundary assembles alligatoring, alloy is finally made to have had both matrix precipitate disperse tiny, Grain Boundary Precipitates isolates, discontinuous tissue signature, thus block intergranular corrosion passage, improve the corrosion resistance nature of alloy, simultaneously because the intensity of alloy mainly contains the quantity of matrix precipitate, distribution and size impact, the impact of form on intensity of Grain Boundary Precipitates is less, the present invention is owing to adopting three-step aging technique, the preageing of front two-stage and the long-time timeliness of low temperature, the nucleation site of precipitated phase in alloy is increased, more strengthening phase can be formed after final timeliness, and for the formation of element (zinc element) limited amount of precipitated phase in alloy, nucleation site is increased, the strengthening phase size formed after can making final timeliness reduces, therefore the matrix precipitate quantity of final alloy is many, size is little, alloy can be made to have more high strength.The long-time aging technique of the second stage and the third stage in the present invention, be particularly suitable for the thermal treatment of heavy wall section bar, under normal circumstances, improve corrosive nature while will keeping high strength for 7xxx line aluminium alloy to need to adopt regression and re-ageing (RRA) thermal treatment, but the retrogression heat treatment process of high temperature, short time in RRA thermal treatment process, for heavy wall section bar, hot saturating and uneven shortcoming of being heated may be there is, therefore RRA heat treating regime is for existing defects heavy wall section bar, the long ag(e)ing process of the present invention, ensure that material each position homogeneous heating, better to the precipitation control of final strengthening phase.
Compared with prior heat treatment technology, the present invention has features and beneficial effect:
1, enforcement of the present invention only needs conventional equipment for Heating Processing, and flow process is simple, safe and reliable, is applicable to process all kinds of heat-treatable strengthened type aluminium alloy deformable member;
2, the present invention can be regarded as a kind of novel three-step aging technique, has namely been interrupted traditional single-stage aging system, also has first timeliness, secondary ageing and timeliness three phases again;
3, compared with the RRA process of 7xxx line aluminium alloy, the timeliness of subordinate phase of the present invention overcomes the heat treated shortcoming of difficulty of large section, thick member due to the long feature of its low temperature, avoids the ununiformity of heart portion and surface structure after large section, thick member thermal treatment;
4, the most obvious beneficial effect of the present invention: the yield strength >=380MPa that can be made the hollow extruded section of thick-wall aluminum alloy by thermal treatment process of the present invention, tensile strength >=445MPa, unit elongation >=13.60%.Compared with prior heat treatment process, under the prerequisite that the present invention program does not reduce in plasticity, make the intensity of the hollow extruded section of thick-wall aluminum alloy improve more than 15%, and corrosion resistance nature also have clear improvement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is that the embodiment of the present invention and comparative example middle orbit traffic aluminum alloy hollow extruded section are along the normal temperature stretching σ-ε curve in the direction of extrusion.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the surface topography after comparative example middle orbit traffic aluminum alloy specimen of the present invention soaks 48h in Peeling Corrosion solution.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the surface topography after the embodiment of the present invention 3 middle orbit traffic aluminum alloy specimen soaks 48h in Peeling Corrosion solution.
Accompanying drawing 4 is thermal treatment process route map of the present invention.
In Fig. 1: numeral 1 represents comparative example, and 2 ~ 4 represent embodiment 1 ~ 3 respectively.
As seen from Figure 1, adopt thermal treatment process of the present invention that the intensity of track traffic aluminum alloy hollow extruded section can be made to improve more than 15%, and unit elongation also slightly rise.
As seen from Figure 2, the Peeling Corrosion susceptibility of this condition lower railway traffic aluminum alloy specimen is large, and corrosion class is EC+.
As seen from Figure 3, little compared with in comparative example of the Peeling Corrosion susceptibility of this condition lower railway traffic aluminum alloy specimen, corrosion class is EA.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described for embodiment given below; but can not be interpreted as it is limiting the scope of the invention; some nonessential improvement and adjustment that person skilled in art makes according to the invention described above content, still belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Comparative example and the traffic of embodiment middle orbit along mechanical property reference GB/T228.1-2010 standard " metal material stretching test room temperature test method " in the direction of extrusion, microcomputer controlled electronic universal testing machine carry out normal temperature tension test with aluminum alloy hollow extruded section; Peeling Corrosion test is carried out with reference to GB/T22639-2008 standard " the Peeling Corrosion test method of aluminium alloy converted products ".
Comparative example:
Composition (wt.%) is by this comparative example: Zn3.5 ~ 3.8; Mg1.2 ~ 1.5; Cu0.08 ~ 0.10; Fe0.06 ~ 0.10; Si0.10 ~ 0.15; Mn0.30 ~ 0.35; Cr0.18 ~ 0.22; Zr0.10 ~ 0.15; Ti0.04 ~ 0.06; V0.01 ~ 0.03; Other impurity elements add up to≤0.20; Surplus is that the track traffic aluminum alloy hollow extruded section shove charge of Al is warming up to 470 DEG C of insulation 2h, and the heating-up time is 2h, then comes out of the stove, and strong wind cooling is to room temperature.Again at 120 DEG C of insulation 42h, the heating-up time is 1h, then comes out of the stove, natural air cooling.Cut tension specimen along profile extrusion direction, record the normal tensile property of alloy, and carry out Peeling Corrosion test.
As shown in 1# curve in Fig. 1, the yield strength of alloy is 382.8MPa, and tensile strength is 305.1MPa, and unit elongation is 13.9%; As shown in Figure 2, there is serious layering on alloy sample surface, and denudation degree is comparatively large, and grade is EC+.
Embodiment 1:
Composition (wt.%) is by the present embodiment: Zn3.5 ~ 3.8; Mg1.2 ~ 1.5; Cu0.08 ~ 0.10; Fe0.06 ~ 0.10; Si0.10 ~ 0.15; Mn0.30 ~ 0.35; Cr0.18 ~ 0.22; Zr0.10 ~ 0.15; Ti0.04 ~ 0.06; V0.01 ~ 0.03; Other impurity elements add up to≤0.20; Surplus is that the track traffic aluminum alloy hollow extruded section shove charge of Al is warming up to 430 DEG C of insulation 5h, and continue to be heated to 480 DEG C of insulation 2h, the heating-up time is 45min, then comes out of the stove, and strong wind cooling is to room temperature; After 120 DEG C of artificial aging 40min, strong wind cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature; 65 DEG C of artificial agings after 7 days, natural air cooling of coming out of the stove; Again at 120 DEG C of artificial aging 40h, the heating-up time is 1h10min, then comes out of the stove, natural air cooling.Cut tension specimen along profile extrusion direction, record the normal tensile property of alloy.
As shown in 2# curve in Fig. 1, the intensity of alloy has obvious rising, and plasticity also increases, and the yield strength of alloy is 381.4MPa, and tensile strength is 445.7MPa, and unit elongation is 15.2%, and Peeling Corrosion grade is EA.
Embodiment 2:
Composition (wt.%) is by the present embodiment: Zn3.5 ~ 3.8; Mg1.2 ~ 1.5; Cu0.08 ~ 0.10; Fe0.06 ~ 0.10; Si0.10 ~ 0.15; Mn0.30 ~ 0.35; Cr0.18 ~ 0.22; Zr0.10 ~ 0.15; Ti0.04 ~ 0.06; V0.01 ~ 0.03; Other impurity elements add up to≤0.20; Surplus is that the track traffic aluminum alloy hollow extruded section shove charge of Al is warming up to 420 DEG C of insulation 5h, and continue to be heated to 480 DEG C of insulation 2h, the heating-up time is 50min, then comes out of the stove, and strong wind cooling is to room temperature; After 115 DEG C of artificial aging 90min, strong wind cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature; 70 DEG C of artificial agings after 7 days, natural air cooling of coming out of the stove; Again at 115 DEG C of artificial aging 48h, the heating-up time is 1h, then comes out of the stove, natural air cooling.Cut tension specimen along profile extrusion direction, record the normal tensile property of alloy.
As shown in 3# curve in Fig. 1, the yield strength of alloy is 383.0MPa, and tensile strength is 453.0MPa, and unit elongation is 14.1%, and Peeling Corrosion grade is EA.
Embodiment 3:
Composition (wt.%) is by the present embodiment: Zn3.5 ~ 3.8; Mg1.2 ~ 1.5; Cu0.08 ~ 0.10; Fe0.06 ~ 0.10; Si0.10 ~ 0.15; Mn0.30 ~ 0.35; Cr0.18 ~ 0.22; Zr0.10 ~ 0.15; Ti0.04 ~ 0.06; V0.01 ~ 0.03; Other impurity elements add up to≤0.20; Surplus is that the track traffic aluminum alloy hollow extruded section shove charge of Al is warming up to 400 DEG C of insulation 8h, and continue to be heated to 490 DEG C of insulation 1.5h, the heating-up time is 1.5h, then comes out of the stove, and strong wind cooling is to room temperature; After 120 DEG C of artificial aging 60min, strong wind cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature; 65 DEG C of artificial agings after 10 days, natural air cooling of coming out of the stove; Again at 120 DEG C of artificial aging 42h, the heating-up time is 1h15min, then comes out of the stove, natural air cooling.Cut tension specimen along profile extrusion direction, record the normal tensile property of alloy, and carry out Peeling Corrosion test.
As shown in 4# curve in Fig. 1, the yield strength of alloy is 389.7MPa, and tensile strength is 451.3MPa, and unit elongation is 13.6%; As shown in Figure 3, there is slight layering on alloy sample surface, and little compared with in comparative example of denudation degree, corrosion class is EA.
From the alloy property parameter that above embodiment obtains, the yield strength >=380MPa of the thick-wall aluminum alloy after process of the present invention, tensile strength >=445MPa, unit elongation >=13.60%, Peeling Corrosion test class is EA; The alloy yield strength of comparative example process is 382.8MPa, and tensile strength is 305.1MPa, and unit elongation is 13.9%, and Peeling Corrosion test class is EC+; Thermal treatment process of the present invention, compared with comparative example or prior art, adopts the thick-wall aluminum alloy after thermal treatment process process of the present invention, and under the prerequisite that plasticity does not reduce, intensity improves more than 15%, and Peeling Corrosion grade improves two ranks.
In content of the present invention and above-described embodiment, the concrete technology contents described is with existing technology.
The invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, content of the present invention all can be implemented and have described good result.
Claims (10)
1. a thermal treatment process for the hollow extruded section of thick-wall aluminum alloy, comprises the steps:
The first step: hollow for thick-wall aluminum alloy extruded section is heated to 390 ~ 440 DEG C carry out one-level solid solution insulation after, continue to be warming up to 475 ~ 490 DEG C and carry out secondary solid solution insulation, come out of the stove, force be cooled to room temperature;
Second step: the section bar after the first step process is carried out three grades of artificial agings successively;
One-level artificial aging temperature 100 ~ 130 DEG C; The type of cooling: force to be cooled to room temperature;
Secondary artificial aging temperature 50 ~ 80 DEG C; The type of cooling: natural air cooling is to room temperature;
Three grades of artificial aging temperature 100 ~ 130 DEG C; The type of cooling: natural air cooling is to room temperature.
2. the thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
One-level solid solution soaking time 5 ~ 10h;
Secondary solid solution soaking time 1.5 ~ 2h;
One-level artificial aging soaking time 20 ~ 90min;
Secondary artificial aging soaking time 5 ~ 14 days;
Three grades of artificial aging soaking time 28 ~ 72h.
3. the thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after secondary solid solution, controls section bar in 10 ~ 30s, enters pressure refrigerating work procedure; After one-level artificial aging, control section bar and enter pressure refrigerating work procedure at 20 ~ 60s.
4. the thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the rate of heating of secondary solid solution is 50 ~ 80 DEG C/h; One-level artificial aging, secondary artificial aging, three grades of artificially aged rate of heating are 80 ~ 100 DEG C/h.
5. the thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the wall thickness of the hollow extruded section of described thick-wall aluminum alloy is 7.5 ~ 18mm, and the cross section of section bar is selected from the one in Polygons, circle, ellipse.
6. the thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described heat treatment process carries out in order successively, can not exchange.
7. the thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the hollow extruded section of described thick-wall aluminum alloy comprises following component by percentage to the quality:
Zn3.5～3.8，
Mg1.2～1.5，
Cu0.08～0.10，
Fe0.06～0.10，
Si0.10～0.15，
Mn0.30～0.35，
Cr0.18～0.22，
Zr0.10～0.15，
Ti0.04～0.06，
V0.01 ~ 0.03, other impurity elements add up to≤0.20; Surplus is Al.
8. the thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy according to claim 1-7 any one, is characterized in that:
Pressure speed of cooling >=100 after secondary solid solution and after one-level artificial aging DEG C/min.
9. the thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy according to claim 8, is characterized in that: the pressure speed of cooling after secondary solid solution and after one-level artificial aging is 100-120 DEG C/min.
10. the thermal treatment process of the hollow extruded section of a kind of thick-wall aluminum alloy according to claim 9, is characterized in that: described pressure cooling adopts air-cooled.
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