CN103667824A - Ultrahigh-intensity, low-quenching sensitivity and weldable aluminum alloy, production technology and section bar processing method - Google Patents
Ultrahigh-intensity, low-quenching sensitivity and weldable aluminum alloy, production technology and section bar processing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrahigh-intensity, low-quenching sensitivity and weldable aluminum alloy, a production technology and a section bar processing method, wherein the aluminum alloy contains the following elements by weight: 0.15-0.22% of Ce, 0.9-1.4% of Mg, 2.5-3.0% of Zn, 0.35-0.8% of Cu, 0.8-1.2% of Si, 0.15-0.30% of Mn, 0.13-0.20% of Zr, 0.08-0.12% of Ti, and the balance being Al, wherein a sum of contents of Ti and Zr is not less than 0.25%, and a content of Fe is not more than 0.5%. Ce rare earth element introduced in order to optimize casting crystallization structure of the alloy, and generates a CeCu compound with Cu in order to supercool and refining an alloy crystallisation process and enhance crystal boundary, thereby preventing increase of welding crack sensitivity of aluminum because of Cu in a solid solution. Because of containing Si and Cu elements and optimization combination of a plurality of strengthening phase, the tensile strength of the alloy can reach more than 400MPa, and because of low Cu and Mn content and no Cr, the alloy quenching sensitivity is low, thereby making sure small dimension tolerance deformation of the section bar after extruding and quenching.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aluminum alloy materials technical field, specifically, relate to a kind of superstrength, low, the welding aluminium alloy of quenching sensitive and production technique and section bar working method.
Background technology
At present, both at home and abroad for structural element, as the aluminium alloy extrusions of truck, trailer, container, mine car, skeleton, cross bar, corner post, lateral column and strap stiffener all requires to have high strength and higher fracture toughness property, and can weld.7 series mostly, Al-Mg-Zn alloy and Al-Mg-Zn-Cu alloy, and 6 6066 alloys in series etc. be main aluminum alloy materials, the former is represented as 7005 alloys, and it is low that it has quenching sensitive, and resistance to deformation is moderate, within the scope of extrusion coefficient, easily extruding, production efficiency high, but due to MgZn
2and Al
2mg
3zn
3as the limitation of strengthening phase, the Kang La Qiang Du≤370MPa of its T6 state, unit elongation δ≤10%, cannot be as reaching automobile with containing the requirement of manganese steel crossbeam Kang La Qiang Du≤450MPa, Al-Mg-Zn-Cu alloy be represented as 7075 alloys, it is with MgZn
2, Al
2mg
3zn
3, Al
2cuMg is as strengthening phase, its Kang La Qiang Du≤568MPa, unit elongation δ≤14%, although alloy has high strength, high-elongation and high temperature resistant, but its welding crack sensibility is large, the mechanical property of weld seam and tensile stress corrosion cracking poor performance, so it is widely used on aircraft industry and aircraft structure mainly with riveting method.And 7075 alloys, to quenching, require high especially, its quenching shift time after solution heat treatment necessary≤15 seconds, otherwise can cause saturated solid solution to decompose, so must process with special quenching furnance, cause production efficiency extremely low, use range is restricted.And 6066 alloys, because its Cu, Mn content approach 1%, cause its quenching sensitive high, corrosion-resistant poor with welding property, be not easy to promote production and application.
Due to above reason, now both at home and abroad insider is extensively exploring a kind of more than Kang La Qiang Du≤400MPa against corrosion of having, can weld, the aluminum alloy materials of resistance to extruding, using and replace iron and steel as many-sided structural parts such as automotive frames, thereby reach effect energy-conservation, that reduce discharging, this is the weight due to the every reduction by 10% of automobile, just can reduce by 6% fuel oil consumption.
And the welding of existing registered and easy extrusion molding both at home and abroad, alloy that tensile strength approaches 400MPa only have two classes, a class: in the Al-Mg-Si alloy of 6 series, take 6066 as representative, its composition is (weight percentage) Si:09-1.8; Mg:08-1.4, Cu:0.7-1.2; Mn:0.6-1.1, its T6 state, the Kang La Qiang Du≤395MPa under room temperature, fracture toughness property δ≤12%, because it is high containing Cu amount, the welding of alloy and poor corrosion resistance.In order to improve performance, in alloy, also added a large amount of Mn elements as grain refining and weave construction activator, but Mn adds, improved greatly the quenching sensitive of alloy, the cooling alloy that makes of rapid quenching can only push simple, the symmetrical section bar in cross section, when pushing the section bar of asymmetrical shape, rapid quenching makes section bar cooling strain rapidly, and tolerance of dimension is difficult to guarantee in desired scope, causes production efficiency not high, production cost is high, promotes the use of difficulty.
And Equations of The Second Kind: Al-Mg-Zn alloy, represent 7005 alloys, its composition is (weight percentage) Si :≤0.35; Mg:1-1.5; Zn:4.0-5.0; Cr:0.06-0.2; Ti:0.01-0.06; Zr:0.08-0.20, the easy extrusion molding of this alloy, quenching sensitive is not high yet, but the Kang La Qiang Du≤370MPa of T6 state, fracture toughness property δ≤10%, does not reach intensity more than 400Mpa.
To sum up analyze, this technology is to find out a kind of aluminium alloy assembly of optimization.Comprehensive 6066 and 7005, and the feature of 7075 alloys, reach superstrength, be Kang La Qiang Du≤400MPa, have again good fracture toughness property and resistance to corrosion, and welding property be good, the most important thing is to make alloy energy High-efficient Production, promote the use of, reduce quenching sensitive the quenching cooling rate of alloy is required lower than 6066 alloys, thereby guarantee the geometric accuracy of asymmetric section bar.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has overcome shortcoming of the prior art, a kind of superstrength, low, the welding aluminium alloy of quenching sensitive and production technique and section bar working method are provided, the mechanical property of existing Kang La Qiang Du≤400Pa, fracture toughness property δ >10%, corrosion-resistant, welding feature, have again in extruded section process, resistance to deformation is little simultaneously, and quenching sensitive is low, can realize the quenching mode of water smoke and air cooling way, can produce by high efficiency extruding.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of superstrength, low, the welding aluminium alloy of quenching sensitive, the weight fraction of various elements is: Ce:0.15-0.22%, Mg:0.9-1.4%, Zn:2.5-3.0%, Cu:0.35-0.8%, Si:0.8-1.2%, Mn:0.15-0.30%, Zr:0.13-0.20%, Ti:0.08-0.12%, Ti+Zr >=0.25% wherein, Fe≤0.5%, all the other are Al.
Further, the weight percentage of described various elements is Ce:0.2%, Mg:1%, and Zn:2.8%, Cu:0.7%, Si:1.0%, Mn:0.28%, Zr:0.17%, Ti:0.1%, all the other are Al.
Super superstrength, quenching sensitive are low, a production technique for welding aluminium alloy, comprise the steps:
(1) prepare raw material: according to the weight percentage of various elements, be: Ce:0.15-0.22%, Mg:0.9-1.4%, Zn:2.5-3.0%, Cu:0.35-0.8%, Si:0.8-1.2%, Mn:0.15-0.30%, Zr:0.13-0.20%, Ti:0.08-0.12%, Ti+Zr >=0.25% wherein, Fe≤0.5%, all the other are Al, take respectively aluminium silicon master alloy, industry one-level aluminium ingot, industry one-level copper ingot, industry one-level magnesium ingot, industry one-level zinc ingot metal, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium titanium master alloy, aluminium manganese master alloy, aluminium cerium master alloy and aluminium titanium boron wire are as raw material,
(2) melting: drop in smelting furnace together with the aluminium ingot weighing up, copper ingot, zinc ingot metal, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium titanium master alloy, aluminium silicon master alloy, aluminium manganese master alloy and aluminium cerium master alloy etc., after melting completely in stove, add zinc ingot metal, magnesium ingot, after zinc ingot metal and magnesium ingot fusing, the nitrogen of then take in pressure bottle sprays into refining agent in as power to stove, and after the slagging-off of refining for the first time, composition analysis is carried out in sampling, adjustment reaches after requirement, the standing and interior fluid temperature of adjustment stove;
(3) casting: the melting liquid obtaining in step (2) is put into casting dish by flowing grain, aluminium titanium boron wire is fused in melting liquid, form TiAl in aluminum alloy melt
3and TiB
2the heterojunction crystal seed of primary crystal tissue carries out the outer grain refining of stove, is cast as the aluminium alloy cast rod of grain refining.
Further, in step (2), the amount that sprays into refining agent is 0.2kg/ ton aluminium.
Further, in step (3), aluminium titanium boron wire is Ti
5b
1, and consumption is 15kg/ ton aluminium.
Further, in step (3), casting equipment is vertical round casting rod casting machine, and casting temp is 720 ℃, and casting rod diameter is 250 millimeters, and casting speed is 100 millimeters of per minutes, coolant water temperature <60 ℃.
A kind of superstrength, quenching sensitive are low, the section bar working method of welding aluminium alloy, resulting aluminium alloy cast rod is carried out to 540 ℃ of anneal, be incubated air blast cooling in 5 hours, extrusion process: this aluminium alloy is heated to 490-520 ℃, die temperature is 450 ℃, extrusion machine ingot-containing tube temperature is 410 ℃, and extrusion speed is 20 ms/min, with water mist sprinkling, adds air blast cooling.
Further, according to the amount of tension of 0.3-0.5%, proofread and correct, enter artificial aging after sawing, artificial aging technique is 110 ℃ of insulations 8 hours, 8 hours secondary time effects of 180 ℃ of insulations.
Further, utilize the extrusion machine of 30MN, the thickness of extruded product is 10mm, and width is 300mm, the flute profile material of high 80mm.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, this alloy has been drawn the combination of 6066,7005 and 7075 alloys, makes to have multiple strengthening phase in alloy, makes alloy have superstrength more than 400Mpa.
2,, due to the effect of Ce rare earth, overcome containing high corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy and the poor defect of welding property of Cu.
3, due to the low Cu of this alloy, low Mn, without Cr element, has overcome the defect that must be out of shape by water logging mode, cannot reach dimensional precision because section bar quenching sensitive is high, and this alloy can improve the variation in production section bar cross section and have more usage space.
4, fall low content of Cu, crimp drag is declined, high-speed extrusion is produced becomes possibility, is convenient to promote the use of.
Embodiment
Below the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein, only for description and interpretation the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
A kind of superstrength of the present invention, low, the welding aluminium alloy of quenching sensitive, the weight percentage of various elements is: Ce:0.2%, Mg:1%, Zn:2.8%, Cu:0.7%, Si:1.1%, Mn:0.28%, Zr:0.17%, Ti:0.1%, Fe≤0.5%, all the other are Al.
7005 alloys are compared in this combination, are also to adopt MgZn
2and Al
2mg
3zn
3as strengthening phase, Zn content is 2.8%, has superfluous Mg and Si to form SiMg
2strengthening phase, also has the superfluous Si of part to make strengthening phase, compares 7075 alloys simultaneously and adds 0.7% Cu and Al to form Al
2the compounds such as CuMg are made strengthening phase.
Technical essential of the present invention is to have added rare earth element ce, and the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the surface tension in the time of can reducing alloy crystallization, forms the required power of critical size thereby reduced, and increases crystallization nuclei, and the effect of grain refining is to improve weave construction, puies forward heavy alloyed intensity, and Ce and Al generate the Al of disperse
3ce, generate the rare-earth compounds such as CeCu with Cu, they are mostly gathered between crystal boundary and crystal boundary, play a part strengthening crystal boundary, and can also inhibition of impurities compound at the harmful act of crystal boundary, thereby improve intensity, the present invention selects the mishmetal containing Ce, it is the mishmetal with lanthanum, Ce≤60% ， Lan≤30%.
2, Ce is high-melting-point element, and process of setting is gathered in the liquid phase in solid-liquid forward position, makes each composition crystallisation process of aluminium alloy occur that cold refinement was fine and close, makes the alloy profile of extruding in solution hardening, after timeliness thermal treatment, shows good mechanical property.
3, rare earth element is in fusion process and be oxidized, and the oxide compound of this rare earth element can replace Mn element, promotes alloy recrystallization temperature, has reduced alloy quenching susceptibility, prevents that alloy is because of the fast and issuable not recrystallize that quenches.
4, in this alloy, add Cu element, produce CuAl
2compound, the alloy strengthening effect after timeliness thermal treatment that has significantly improved, but the erosion resistance of its alloy and welding property have counter productive, so the present invention is controlled at Cu content below 0.8%.
5, Zn add with alloy in Mg form MgZn
2and Al
2mg
3zn
3strengthening phase, their content starts obviously to rise from the content 0.5% of Zn, considers that the resistance to deformation of extrusion process of production also can rise, and in order to improve extrusion coefficient, Zn content is controlled at below 3%.
6, in order to reduce quenching sensitive, prevent from that water logging is cooling to cause section bar geometrical dimension distortion, this alloy composition has adopted lower Mn element, and it stops alloy recrystallization process together with rare earth element ce.
7, adding of Rare-Earth Ce, except can crystal grain thinning, have also reduced secondary intergranular distance, has reduced the bubble in alloy and has been mingled with, and improves the quality of material, makes this alloy material use field become more wide.
With Ce mishmetal, replace the Cr in 7005 alloys, Mn is as intergranular structure fining agent, Ti and Zr are as the modifying agent of grain structure, and reduction quenching sensitive, than 7005 alloys, there is higher intensity again, the effect of Ce mishmetal simultaneously, improve and overcome adding because of Cu element, increased intensity, but the defect of welding property and poor corrosion resistance, although the present invention does not reach the such superstrength of 7075 alloy, but can reach tensile strength more than 400MPa, also overcome the difficulty in 7075 alloy profile extrusion processes simultaneously, do not need Special quenching stove, multistage artificial aging repeatedly, can high efficiency penetration and promotion application.
Super superstrength, quenching sensitive are low, a production technique for welding aluminium alloy, comprise the steps:
(1) prepare raw material: according to the weight percentage of various elements, be: Ce:0.2%, Mg:1%, Zn:2.8%, Cu:0.7%, Si:1.1%, Mn:0.28%, Zr:0.17%, Ti:0.1%, Fe≤0.5%, all the other are Al, take respectively aluminium silicon master alloy, industrial one-level aluminium ingot, industrial one-level copper ingot, industrial one-level magnesium ingot, industrial one-level zinc ingot metal, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium titanium master alloy, aluminium manganese master alloy, aluminium cerium master alloy and aluminium titanium boron wire as raw material;
(2) melting: drop in smelting furnace together with the aluminium ingot weighing up, copper ingot, zinc ingot metal, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium titanium master alloy, aluminium silicon master alloy, aluminium manganese master alloy and aluminium cerium master alloy etc., after melting completely in stove, add zinc ingot metal, magnesium ingot, after zinc ingot metal and magnesium ingot fusing, the nitrogen of then take in pressure bottle sprays into refining agent in as power to stove, after the slagging-off of refining for the first time, composition analysis is carried out in sampling, adjustment reaches after requirement, standing and adjust fluid temperature in stove, the amount that sprays into refining agent is 0.2kg/ ton aluminium.
The object of refining is except inclusion and gas in aluminium liquid, plays the effect that purifies aluminium liquid, and another object is to change performance, form and the distribution of optimization and refining eutectic silicon, and refining temperature is 710-740 ℃, nitrogen pressure is 1.2-18Kg/cm
2, refining time is 25 minutes.
(3) casting: the melting liquid obtaining in step (2) is put into casting dish by flowing grain, aluminium titanium boron wire is fused in melting liquid, form TiAl in aluminum alloy melt
3and TiB
2the heterojunction crystal seed of primary crystal tissue carries out the outer grain refining of stove, is cast as the aluminium alloy cast rod of grain refining.Aluminium titanium boron wire is Ti
5b
1, and consumption is 15kg/ ton aluminium.Casting equipment is vertical round casting rod casting machine, and casting temp is 720 ℃, and casting rod diameter is 250 millimeters, and casting speed is 100 millimeters of per minutes, coolant water temperature <60 ℃.
A kind of superstrength, quenching sensitive are low, the section bar working method of welding aluminium alloy, to carry out 540 ℃ of anneal at resulting aluminium alloy cast rod, be incubated 5 hours, air blast cooling, extrusion process: aluminium alloy cast rod is heated to 490-520 ℃, and die temperature is 450 ℃, and extrusion machine ingot-containing tube temperature is 410 ℃, extrusion speed is 20 ms/min, with water mist sprinkling, adds air blast cooling.
According to the amount of tension of 0.3-0.5%, proofread and correct, enter artificial aging after sawing, artificial aging technique is 110 ℃ of insulations 8 hours, 8 hours secondary time effects of 180 ℃ of insulations.
Utilize the extrusion machine of 30MN, the thickness of extruded product is 10mm, and width is 300mm, the flute profile material of high 80mm.This section bar is detected through the WDW3100 type 100MN of Changchun section new production universal tensile testing machine, and tensile strength is 415MPa, and unit elongation is 10%.The aluminum products of this alloy extruding reach 9 grades through salt fog CASS test.
Finally it should be noted that: these are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention; be not limited to the present invention; although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to embodiment; for a person skilled in the art; its technical scheme that still can record aforementioned each embodiment is modified; or part technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement; but within the spirit and principles in the present invention all; any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within protection scope of the present invention all should be included in.
Claims (8)
1. have low, the welding aluminium alloy of superstrength, quenching sensitive more than 400MPa, it is characterized in that, the weight percentage of various elements is: Ce:0.15-0.22%, Mg:0.9-1.4%, Zn:2.5-3.0%, Cu:0.35-0.8%, Si:0.8-1.2%, Mn:0.15-0.30%, Zr:0.13-0.20%, Ti:0.08-0.12%, wherein Ti+Zr >=0.25%, Fe≤0.5%, all the other are Al.
2. a kind of superstrength, low, the welding aluminium alloy of quenching sensitive according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the weight percentage of described various elements is Ce:0.2%, Mg:1%, Zn:2.8%, Cu:0.7%, Si:1.1%, Mn:0.28%, Zr:0.17%, Ti:0.1%, all the other are Al.
3. a production technique for low, the welding aluminium alloy of superstrength, quenching sensitive, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) prepare raw material: according to the weight percentage of various elements, be: Ce:0.15-0.22%, Mg:0.9-1.4%, Zn:2.5-3.0%, Cu:0.35-0.8%, Si:0.8-1.2%, Mn:0.15-0.30%, Zr:0.13-0.20%, Ti:0.08-0.12%, Ti+Zr >=0.25% wherein, Fe≤0.5%, all the other are Al, take respectively aluminium silicon master alloy, industry one-level aluminium ingot, industry one-level copper ingot, industry one-level magnesium ingot, industry one-level zinc ingot metal, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium titanium master alloy, aluminium manganese master alloy, aluminium cerium master alloy and aluminium titanium boron wire are as raw material,
(2) melting: drop in smelting furnace together with the aluminium ingot weighing up, copper ingot, zinc ingot metal, aluminium zirconium hardener, aluminium titanium master alloy, aluminium silicon master alloy, aluminium manganese master alloy and aluminium cerium master alloy etc., after melting completely in stove, add zinc ingot metal, magnesium ingot, after zinc ingot metal and magnesium ingot fusing, the nitrogen of then take in pressure bottle sprays into refining agent in as power to stove, and after the slagging-off of refining for the first time, composition analysis is carried out in sampling, adjustment reaches after requirement, the standing and interior fluid temperature of adjustment stove;
(3) casting: the melting liquid obtaining in step (2) is put into casting dish by flowing grain, aluminium titanium boron wire is fused in melting liquid, form TiAl in aluminum alloy melt
3and TiB
2the heterojunction crystal seed of primary crystal tissue carries out the outer grain refining of stove, is cast as the aluminium alloy cast rod of grain refining.
4. the production technique of low, the welding aluminium alloy of a kind of superstrength, quenching sensitive according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in step (2), the amount that sprays into refining agent is 0.2kg/ ton aluminium.
5. the production technique of low, the welding aluminium alloy of a kind of superstrength, quenching sensitive according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in step (3), aluminium titanium boron wire is Ti
5b
1, and consumption is 15kg/ ton aluminium.
6. the production technique of low, the welding aluminium alloy of a kind of superstrength, quenching sensitive according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in step (3), casting equipment is vertical round casting rod casting machine, casting temp is 720 ℃, casting rod diameter is 250 millimeters, and casting speed is 100 millimeters of per minutes, coolant water temperature <60 ℃.
7. the section bar working method of, welding aluminium alloy low according to a kind of superstrength described in claims 1 to 3 any one, quenching sensitive, it is characterized in that, 540 ℃ of homogeneous annealing temperatures, be incubated 5 hours, air blast cooling, extrusion process: this aluminium alloy is heated to 490-520 ℃, die temperature is 450 ℃, extrusion machine ingot-containing tube temperature is 410 ℃, and extrusion speed is 20 ms/min, with water mist sprinkling, adds pressure air blast quenching.
8. the section bar working method of low, the welding aluminium alloy of a kind of superstrength, quenching sensitive according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, according to the amount of tension of 0.3-0.5%, proofread and correct, after sawing, enter artificial aging, artificial aging technique is 110 ℃ of insulations 8 hours, 8 hours secondary time effects of 180 ℃ of insulations.
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| CN113755769B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2022-04-08 | 上海交通大学 | High-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material and heat treatment method |
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