CN111876700B - Heat treatment process of powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet - Google Patents
Heat treatment process of powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet Download PDFInfo
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- CN111876700B CN111876700B CN202010514849.6A CN202010514849A CN111876700B CN 111876700 B CN111876700 B CN 111876700B CN 202010514849 A CN202010514849 A CN 202010514849A CN 111876700 B CN111876700 B CN 111876700B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
Abstract
The invention provides a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, which comprises the steps of pressing and forming aluminum alloy powder, sintering, annealing, cold rolling, intermediate annealing, finishing and heat treatment; the sintering is carried out in a vacuum hot pressing furnace; blank annealing is carried out on the sintered blank before cold rolling; the cold rolling is divided into two stages: in the first stage, when the cold rolling reduction is less than 60%, the stage adopts single-pass cold rolling with the reduction of less than 3% and intermediate annealing, so that the cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the total reduction of the plate reaches 60%. When the total rolling reduction of the cold rolling is more than 60 percent, the second stage is carried out, the stage adopts 3 times of cold rolling (the reduction of each time is less than 3 percent) + intermediate annealing, and thus, the 3 times of cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the plate strip reaches the target thickness. The heat treatment is to perform solid solution and aging treatment on plates with required thickness in a heat treatment furnace so as to meet the final use requirement. The tensile strength of the powder metallurgy 2A12 aluminum alloy obtained by the heat treatment process reaches about 540 MPa. The heat treatment process of the powder metallurgy 2A12 aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet has strong practicability and wide application range, and can obviously improve the mechanical property of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, belonging to the technical field of aluminum alloy.
Background
The invention is a process optimization and deepened research carried out on the basis of the previous work (a production method of an aluminum alloy sheet material CN 109317679B).
The aluminum alloy plate is an industrial building material and is used in various industries such as aviation, aerospace, automobile, mechanical manufacturing, ships, chemical industry and the like according to different materials.
At present, an aluminum alloy plate is a main one of aluminum alloy sections, and is also the one with the largest industrial consumption, and the production method comprises the steps of directly cold-casting the aluminum alloy into an ingot or continuously casting the aluminum alloy into a thick strip, then hot-rolling the thick strip into a plate with a preset thickness, then cold-rolling the plate to the final thickness by using a single process, and then carrying out a heat treatment process.
However, the aluminum alloy sheet produced by the above method has its own defects, such as poor uniformity of internal structure of the sheet, existence of defects of component segregation, inclusion and the like during casting, non-uniform residual stress, and poor processing formability, which makes the aluminum alloy sheet easily deformed during processing of parts during application, thereby affecting the quality and precision of the processed parts. In addition, the utilization rate of materials in the production process of the casting method is low, and the production process is long, so that the production cost of the aluminum alloy plate is high.
The aluminum alloy plate production method provided by the invention can eliminate the defects of the method.
Compared with the direct powder rolling method, the method has the advantages of simple and convenient process, more flexible and economic application, no defects of strip breakage or holes and the like which affect the production efficiency and the product quality, high strip quality, high strength and high density. Compared with a cast-rolling method, the aluminum alloy plate produced by rolling the powder sintered blank does not have the defects of influencing the product quality such as component segregation, inclusion and the like, and the density of the rolled plate is basically close to or equal to that of an as-cast material, and the strength is higher.
However, the material after cold rolling has internal stress, and is not suitable for industrial application. Post-treatment of materials is commonly used in the industry to relieve internal stresses in cold-deformed materials, stabilize structure and dimensions, improve mechanical properties, and the like. Among them, aging treatment is most common.
The aging treatment refers to a heat treatment process that the alloy workpiece is subjected to solution treatment, cold plastic deformation or casting, and then placed at a higher temperature or room temperature after forging, and the performance, shape and size of the alloy workpiece change along with the time. If the aging treatment process of heating the workpiece to a higher temperature and performing the aging treatment in a shorter time is adopted, the process is called artificial aging treatment. The aging phenomenon that occurs when the workpiece is left to stand at room temperature or under natural conditions for a long time is called natural aging treatment. The third mode is vibration aging, which gradually enters a use stage from the beginning of the 80 s, and the vibration aging treatment applies vibration with certain frequency to the workpiece to release internal stress of the workpiece under the conditions of no heating and no time consumption like natural aging, thereby achieving the purpose of aging.
Compared with the prior art, the artificial aging treatment method has the advantages of short period, high efficiency and easy realization. Therefore, in order to eliminate the internal stress of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, stabilize the structure and the size of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, improve the mechanical property and reach the standard of industrial application, the invention optimizes the cold-rolling process of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy on the basis of earlier work and develops the research on the heat treatment process of the cold-rolled sheet.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a heat treatment process for a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, which can effectively eliminate the internal stress of a cold-rolled material, stabilize the structure and size of the cold-rolled material, and improve the mechanical properties, thereby obtaining a high-performance powder metallurgy aluminum alloy material meeting the industrial application. The heat treatment process is simple, the application is more flexible and economic, the application range is wide, the comprehensive performance of the cold-rolled sheet can be obviously improved, and the high-quality aluminum alloy sheet can be rapidly produced in batches. On the basis of the previous research, the invention provides a method (relative to a rolling state) capable of synchronously improving the hardness, the strength and the elongation of a finished product.
In the research and development process of the invention, the cold rolling process in earlier stage work is optimized, thereby further improving the cold rolling quality and efficiency of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy material, and the cold rolled sheet has no problems of edge crack and the like basically. However, the problem that is difficult to solve in the heat treatment process is how to avoid the plate from being over-burnt in the solution treatment process and how to obtain the optimal performance.
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, which comprises the following steps of; pressing and forming aluminum alloy powder, sintering, annealing, cold rolling, intermediate annealing, finishing and heat treating; the press forming is to put the aluminum alloy powder into a customized steel die and carry out the press forming under a single-column or four-column hydraulic press; the sintering is carried out in a vacuum hot pressing furnace; blank annealing is carried out on the sintered blank before cold rolling; the cold rolling is divided into two stages: in the first stage, when the cold rolling reduction is less than 60%, the single-pass cold rolling with the reduction less than 3% and intermediate annealing are adopted in the first stage, so that the cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the total reduction of the plate reaches 60%; when the total rolling reduction of the cold rolling is more than 60 percent, the second stage is carried out, 3 times of cold rolling and intermediate annealing are adopted in the second stage, the 3 times of cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the plate and strip reach the target thickness, and the rolling reduction of each time is less than 3 percent in the second stage of cold rolling; the total deformation of the aluminum alloy sheet after cold rolling is 61-90%; the heat treatment is to perform solid solution-aging treatment on the plate with the required thickness in a heat treatment furnace so as to meet the final use requirement;
the solution treatment temperature is 465-495 ℃, the solution time is 40-160min, and then the sample is taken out of the furnace and rapidly quenched in quenching oil or water; carrying out aging treatment after quenching;
the aging treatment temperature is 160-230 ℃, and the aging time is 6-36 hours.
The invention provides the following technical scheme (as shown in figure 2), and optimizes the cold rolling process on the basis of the previous research: the cold rolling is divided into two stages: in the first stage, when the cold rolling reduction is less than 60%, the single-pass cold rolling with the reduction less than 3% and intermediate annealing are adopted in the first stage, so that the cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the total reduction of the plate reaches 60%; when the total rolling reduction of the cold rolling is more than 60 percent, entering a second stage, wherein 3 times of cold rolling (the rolling reduction of each time is less than 3 percent) and intermediate annealing are adopted in the second stage, so that the 3 times of cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the plate and strip reach the target thickness, and the total deformation of the aluminum alloy plate after the cold rolling is 20-90 percent; subsequently, we heat-treated the samples having a cold rolling deformation of 80%. The invention provides a heat treatment scheme (as shown in figure 3), firstly, heating a plate to 465-495 ℃, preferably 485-495 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min in a heat treatment furnace (the temperature is strictly controlled at the stage, and then the temperature rise rate is adopted to prevent the occurrence of overburning), keeping the temperature for 40-160min, preferably 60-120min, and then quickly taking out the plate to be quenched in quenching oil or water, preferably quenching oil; after quenching, carrying out artificial aging treatment, heating the sample to 160-230 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, preferably 170-200 ℃, preserving heat for 6-36 hours, preferably 8-16 hours, and finally air-cooling to room temperature.
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet,
the powder is pressed and formed by adopting a single-column hydraulic press or a four-column hydraulic press;
the sintering is carried out by adopting a vacuum hot pressing furnace;
the cold rolling is finished by adopting a two-roller or four-roller rolling mill;
the heat treatment is artificial aging treatment and is carried out by adopting a heat treatment furnace.
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet,
the aluminum alloy sheet material for cold rolling is prepared into a green body by adopting aluminum alloy powder pressing forming, then the green body is sintered in a vacuum hot pressing furnace to prepare a sintered blank, the sintered blank is subjected to blank annealing to eliminate internal stress and defects, and then the sintered blank is subjected to cold rolling according to an optimized process, so that a heat treatment material is obtained.
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, which is an artificial aging treatment and comprises the steps of firstly heating the sheet to 475-; after quenching, carrying out artificial aging treatment, heating the sample to 160-230 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, preferably 170-200 ℃, preserving heat for 6-36 hours, preferably 8-16 hours, and finally air-cooling to room temperature.
In the laboratory, both the blank annealing and the intermediate annealing were carried out in a tube furnace. The tube furnace is filled with high-purity argon (99.999%) for protection. In industrial applications, all atmospheric furnaces can be used in the present invention.
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, wherein the pressure for pressing and forming aluminum alloy powder is 200-600 MPa; the dwell time is 6-20 s.
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, wherein the thickness of a pressed compact obtained by pressing and forming aluminum alloy powder is 2-15 mm.
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, wherein the sintering temperature of a pressed compact is 535-625 ℃, and preferably 550-600 ℃; the green compact sintering pressure is 2-12MPa, preferably 8-10 MPa.
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, wherein a die cavity of a self-designed die for pressing is square, a formed pressed blank is square or cuboid (because a round blank is easy to crack due to local shearing force in the cold rolling process), and the thickness of the round blank is 2-15 mm.
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, which comprises the following two stages: in the first stage, when the cold rolling reduction is less than 60%, the single-pass cold rolling with the reduction less than 3% and intermediate annealing are adopted in the first stage, so that the cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the total reduction of the plate reaches 60%; when the total rolling reduction of the cold rolling is more than 60 percent, entering a second stage, wherein 3 times of cold rolling (the rolling reduction of each time is less than 3 percent) and intermediate annealing are adopted in the second stage, so that the 3 times of cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the plate and strip reach the target thickness, and the total deformation of the aluminum alloy plate after the cold rolling is 20-90 percent; .
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, wherein the intermediate annealing temperature is 330-450 ℃, preferably 390-420 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-150min, preferably 60-120min, and after the heat preservation is finished, the sheet is cooled to below 260 ℃ in a furnace at the speed of not more than 30 ℃/h and then taken out of the furnace for cooling.
The thickness of the finally obtained finished product of the cold-rolled sheet is 0.2-4.0 mm.
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, which comprises the following steps: heating the plate to 475-; after quenching, carrying out artificial aging treatment, heating the sample to 160-230 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, preferably 190 ℃ at a speed of 170-.
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, when the aluminum alloy powder is 2A12 aluminum alloy powder,
pressing and forming at the pressing pressure of 200-; then, under the vacuum condition, the pressure sintering is carried out for 60-180min at the temperature of 535- & ltSUB & gt and 625 ℃; firstly, annealing a sintered blank to eliminate internal stress and defects; in the process of cold rolling the sintered blank, the cold rolling is divided into two stages: in the first stage, when the cold rolling reduction is less than 60%, the single-pass cold rolling with the reduction less than 3% and intermediate annealing are adopted in the first stage, so that the cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the total reduction of the plate reaches 60%; when the total rolling reduction of the cold rolling is more than 60 percent, entering a second stage, wherein 3 times of cold rolling (the rolling reduction of each time is less than 3 percent) are adopted in the second stage plus intermediate annealing, and thus the 3 times of cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the plate and the strip reach the target thickness; the intermediate annealing system is 390 to 450 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1 to 3 hours; cooling to below 260 ℃ at a cooling speed of not more than 30 ℃/h after heat preservation, and then discharging from the furnace and air cooling; the total deformation of the aluminum alloy sheet after cold rolling is 20-90%; and then carrying out heat treatment on the cold-rolled sheet, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating the plate to 475-; after quenching, carrying out artificial aging treatment, heating the sample to 160-230 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, preferably 170-190 ℃, preserving heat for 6-36 hours, preferably 8-12 hours, and finally air-cooling to room temperature; obtaining a product with the thickness of 0.2-4.0 mm after heat treatment; the tensile strength of the product is 300-540 MPa, preferably 350-540 MPa, and more preferably 440-540 MPa.
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, wherein the granularity of 2A12 aluminum alloy powder is 200-500 meshes; the aluminum alloy powder is nearly spherical powder prepared by a water atomization method.
According to the heat treatment process of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, the yield of the optimized cold-rolling process reaches more than 98%.
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, wherein the tensile strength of a heat treatment sample, namely a cold-rolled sample, is more than or equal to 30 MPa.
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet, which comprises the following steps of when the aluminum alloy powder is spherical 2A12 aluminum alloy powder prepared by a water atomization method and with a particle size of 250-300 meshes;
pressing and forming at a pressing pressure of 400MPa to obtain a square or rectangular pressed blank with the thickness of 3 mm; then carrying out pressure sintering for 120min at 575 ℃ under the vacuum condition; after sintering under the pressure of 10MPa, blank annealing is carried out on the sintered blank, and the annealing temperature is 420 ℃; the heat preservation time is 60min, and after the heat preservation is finished, the furnace is cooled to below 260 ℃ at the speed of not more than 30 ℃/h and then is taken out of the furnace for cooling; and (3) cold rolling the annealed sintered blank on a two-roller or four-roller rolling mill, wherein the cold rolling process is divided into two stages: in the first stage, when the cold rolling reduction is less than 60%, the single-pass cold rolling with the reduction less than 3% and intermediate annealing are adopted in the first stage, and the cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the total reduction of the plate reaches 60%; the intermediate annealing temperature is 420 ℃; the single heat preservation time is 60min, and after the heat preservation is finished, the furnace is cooled to below 260 ℃ at the speed of not more than 30 ℃/h in the furnace, and then the furnace is taken out for cooling; when the total rolling reduction of the cold rolling is more than 60 percent, entering a second stage, wherein 3-pass cold rolling and intermediate annealing are adopted in the second stage, the second stage is alternately carried out according to the process of assisting 1-pass intermediate annealing after 3-pass cold rolling until the plate and strip reach the target thickness, and the rolling reduction of each pass in the second stage is less than 3 percent; the intermediate annealing process is consistent with the previous process; the total deformation of the aluminum alloy plate after cold rolling is 83.3 percent; the tensile strength of the cold-rolled sample is 303 MPa; then, carrying out heat treatment on the cold-rolled plate, wherein the heat treatment is to heat the plate to 495 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min in a heat treatment furnace, keep the temperature for 60min, then quickly take out the plate to be quenched in quenching oil, carry out artificial aging treatment after quenching is finished, heat the sample to 180 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, keep the temperature for 12 hours, and finally air-cool the sample to room temperature; the tensile strength of the product obtained after the heat treatment is 540MPa, and the elongation is 9.88%; the yield of the product is more than or equal to 99 percent.
When the raw material is 250-300 meshes of spherical 7055 aluminum alloy powder prepared by a water atomization method, the preparation method comprises the following steps: pressing and forming at a pressing pressure of 400MPa to obtain a square or rectangular pressed blank with the thickness of 3 mm; then carrying out pressure sintering for 120min at 575 ℃ under the vacuum condition; after sintering under the pressure of 10MPa, blank annealing is carried out on the sintered blank, and the annealing temperature is 420 ℃; the heat preservation time is 60min, and after the heat preservation is finished, the furnace is cooled to below 260 ℃ at the speed of not more than 30 ℃/h and then is taken out of the furnace for cooling; and (3) cold rolling the annealed sintered blank on a two-roller or four-roller rolling mill, wherein the cold rolling process is divided into two stages: in the first stage, when the cold rolling reduction is less than 60%, the single-pass cold rolling with the reduction less than 3% and intermediate annealing are adopted in the first stage, and the cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the total reduction of the plate reaches 60%; the intermediate annealing temperature is 440 ℃; the single heat preservation time is 90min, and after the heat preservation is finished, the furnace is cooled to below 260 ℃ at the speed of not more than 30 ℃/h in the furnace, and then the furnace is taken out for cooling; when the total rolling reduction of the cold rolling is more than 60 percent, entering a second stage, wherein 3-pass cold rolling and intermediate annealing are adopted in the second stage, the second stage is alternately carried out according to the process of assisting 1-pass intermediate annealing after 3-pass cold rolling until the plate and strip reach the target thickness, and the rolling reduction of each pass in the second stage is less than 3 percent; the intermediate annealing process is consistent with the previous process; the total deformation of the aluminum alloy plate after cold rolling is 83.3 percent; the tensile strength of the cold-rolled sample is 303 MPa; then, carrying out heat treatment on the cold-rolled plate, wherein the heat treatment is to place the plate in a heat treatment furnace to heat to 465 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min and preserve heat for 90min, then quickly take out the plate to quench in quenching oil, carry out artificial aging treatment after quenching is finished, heat the sample to 120 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, preserve heat for 24 hours, and finally air-cool the sample to room temperature; the tensile strength of the product obtained after heat treatment is 680MPa, the elongation is 8.88 percent, and the hardness is 131.53 HV; the yield of the product is more than or equal to 99 percent.
The heat treatment process for the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet has wide application range and strong operability, can obviously eliminate the internal stress of the cold-rolled sheet, stabilizes the structure and the size of the cold-rolled sheet and improves the mechanical property.
According to the invention, the cold rolling process is optimized on the basis of earlier-stage work, so that the yield of the product and the quality of the obtained finished product are greatly improved; in order to meet the application standard, the invention carries out heat treatment on the cold-rolled sheet by deepening the early-stage research process, obviously eliminates the internal stress of the cold-rolled sheet, stabilizes the structure and the size of the cold-rolled sheet and greatly improves the mechanical property. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the production method of the aluminum alloy sheet provided by the invention can be used for quickly and efficiently producing the high-quality aluminum alloy sheet, and has the advantages of simple and convenient process, flexible application, economy, high utilization rate of raw materials, low equipment requirement and few working procedures. The method can effectively improve the structural uniformity of the plate, and avoid the defects of component segregation, inclusion and the like, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the processing performance and the mechanical property of the finished plate. The tensile strength of the 0.2-4.0 mm 2A12 aluminum alloy sheet produced by the method is 300-540 MPa.
Drawings
The invention is explained in detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments which are illustrated in the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet designed by the invention;
FIG. 2 is an optimized process of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold rolling process designed by the invention;
FIG. 3 Heat treatment Process parameters for powder metallurgy 2A12 aluminum alloy cold rolled sheet of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the overall performance of samples of example 1 under different heat treatment process parameters;
FIG. 5 stress-strain curves for samples of example 1 under different heat treatment process parameters;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing stress-strain curves for samples of example 1 at different processing conditions;
FIG. 7 SEM images of the optimal thermal processing parameters for example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to specific examples to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention and to practice the same, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
In the invention, the yield is calculated in the following way; sample/total number of samples with no cracks present on the surface 100%.
Example 1:
preparing a 2A12 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 0.5 mm;
according to the production method, 250-300 mesh spherical 2A12 aluminum alloy powder (nearly spherical powder prepared by a water atomization method) produced by Changsha metal material company Limited is adopted as raw material powder (the chemical components of the powder meet the regulation of GB/T3190), the production flow of the plate is shown in figure 1, the powder is pressed and formed by a steel die to prepare a green blank (the thickness of the green blank is 3mm), the green blank is sintered in a high-vacuum precise vacuum hot-pressing furnace to prepare a cold-rolled plate raw material (the sintering temperature is 575 ℃, the time is 120min, and the pressure is 10MPa), the blank annealing is carried out on the sintered blank, and the annealing temperature is 420 ℃; the heat preservation time is 60min, and after the heat preservation is finished, the furnace is cooled to below 260 ℃ at the speed of not more than 30 ℃/h and then is taken out of the furnace for cooling;
in the cold rolling process, when the cold rolling reduction is less than 60%, single-pass cold rolling with the reduction less than 3% and intermediate annealing are adopted in the stage, so that the cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the total reduction of the plate reaches 60%; when the total rolling reduction of the cold rolling is more than 60 percent, entering a second stage, wherein 3 times of cold rolling (the rolling reduction of each time is less than 3 percent) are adopted in the second stage plus intermediate annealing, and thus the 3 times of cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the thickness of the plate strip reaches 0.5mm (the total deformation is 83.3 percent); the intermediate annealing system is 420 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1 h; cooling to below 260 ℃ at a cooling speed of not more than 30 ℃/h after heat preservation, and then discharging from the furnace and air cooling; then, finishing the plate to obtain a cold-rolled plate (the tensile strength of the cold-rolled plate is 303MPa, and the hardness of the cold-rolled plate is 94.2 HV); and then carrying out heat treatment on the cold-rolled plate, heating the plate to 495 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min in a heat treatment furnace, preserving heat for 60min, then quickly taking out the plate, quenching the plate in quenching oil, carrying out artificial aging treatment after quenching, heating the sample to 180 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 12 hours, and finally air-cooling to room temperature. The tensile strength of the product obtained after the heat treatment is 540MPa, the elongation is 9.88 percent, and the hardness is 129.47 HV.
The above experiment was repeated 100 times with a yield of 99%.
Other solutions were tried on the basis of the above-described example, in which other conditions were identical to those of example 1, with the following differences (see fig. 3):
the solid solution temperature is 495 ℃, the time is 40min, and oil quenching is carried out after solid solution; carrying out aging treatment after oil quenching; the aging treatment conditions are as follows:
| serial number | Aging temperature (. degree.C.) | Aging time (h) |
| 1 | 180 | 8 |
| 2 | 180 | 12 |
| 3 | 180 | 16 |
| 4 | 190 | 8 |
| 5 | 190 | 12 |
| 6 | 190 | 16 |
| 7 | 200 | 8 |
| 8 | 200 | 12 |
| 9 | 200 | 16 |
The results of the measurement of the obtained sample are shown in FIG. 4.
Example 2:
preparing a 2A12 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 1.0 mm;
the procedure was as in example 1 and was as detailed in the heat treatment of example 1 (total plate deformation 60%). The resulting sheet had a tensile strength of 420MPa, an elongation of 6.28% and a hardness of 123.06 HV.
The above experiment was repeated 100 times with a yield of 99%. It can be seen from examples 1 and 2 that the magnitude of the total deformation of the rolled sheet affects the tensile strength thereof.
Example 3;
preparing a 2A12 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 0.5 mm;
according to the production method, 250-300 mesh spherical 2A12 aluminum alloy powder (nearly spherical powder prepared by a water atomization method) produced by Changsha metal material company Limited is adopted as raw material powder (the chemical components of the powder meet the regulation of GB/T3190), the production flow of the plate is shown in figure 1, the powder is pressed and formed by a steel die to prepare a green blank (the thickness of the green blank is 3mm), the green blank is sintered in a high-vacuum precise vacuum hot-pressing furnace to prepare a cold-rolled plate raw material (the sintering temperature is 575 ℃, the time is 120min, and the pressure is 10MPa), the blank annealing is carried out on the sintered blank, and the annealing temperature is 420 ℃; the heat preservation time is 60min, and after the heat preservation is finished, the furnace is cooled to below 260 ℃ at the speed of not more than 30 ℃/h and then is taken out of the furnace for cooling;
in the cold rolling process, when the cold rolling reduction is less than 60%, single-pass cold rolling with the reduction less than 3% and intermediate annealing are adopted in the stage, so that the cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the total reduction of the plate reaches 60%; when the total rolling reduction of the cold rolling is more than 60 percent, entering a second stage, wherein 3 times of cold rolling (the rolling reduction of each time is less than 3 percent) are adopted in the second stage plus intermediate annealing, and thus the 3 times of cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the thickness of the plate strip reaches 0.5mm (the total deformation is 83.3 percent); the intermediate annealing system is 420 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1 h; cooling to below 260 ℃ at a cooling speed of not more than 30 ℃/h after heat preservation, and then discharging from the furnace and air cooling; then, finishing the plate to obtain a cold-rolled plate (the tensile strength of the cold-rolled plate is 303MPa, and the hardness of the cold-rolled plate is 129.47 HV); and then carrying out heat treatment on the cold-rolled plate, heating the plate to 475 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min in a heat treatment furnace, preserving heat for 60min, then quickly taking out the plate, quenching the plate in quenching oil, carrying out artificial aging treatment after quenching, heating the sample to 180 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 12 hours, and finally air-cooling to room temperature. The tensile strength of the product obtained after the heat treatment is 380MPa, the elongation is 10.3 percent, and the hardness is 100.26 HV.
The above experiment was repeated 100 times with a yield of 99%. It can be seen from examples 1 and 3 that the solution treatment regime affects the tensile strength.
Example 4
Preparing a 2A12 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 0.5 mm;
according to the production method, 250-300 mesh spherical 2A12 aluminum alloy powder (nearly spherical powder prepared by a water atomization method) produced by Changsha metal material company Limited is adopted as raw material powder (the chemical components of the powder meet the regulation of GB/T3190), the production flow of the plate is shown in figure 1, the powder is pressed and formed by a steel die to prepare a green blank (the thickness of the green blank is 3mm), the green blank is sintered in a high-vacuum precise vacuum hot-pressing furnace to prepare a cold-rolled plate raw material (the sintering temperature is 575 ℃, the time is 120min, and the pressure is 10MPa), the blank annealing is carried out on the sintered blank, and the annealing temperature is 420 ℃; the heat preservation time is 60min, and after the heat preservation is finished, the furnace is cooled to below 260 ℃ at the speed of not more than 30 ℃/h and then is taken out of the furnace for cooling;
in the cold rolling process, when the cold rolling reduction is less than 60%, single-pass cold rolling with the reduction less than 3% and intermediate annealing are adopted in the stage, so that the cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the total reduction of the plate reaches 60%; when the total rolling reduction of the cold rolling is more than 60 percent, entering a second stage, wherein 3 times of cold rolling (the rolling reduction of each time is less than 3 percent) are adopted in the second stage plus intermediate annealing, and thus the 3 times of cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the thickness of the plate strip reaches 0.5mm (the total deformation is 83.3 percent); the intermediate annealing system is 420 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1 h; cooling to below 260 ℃ at a cooling speed of not more than 30 ℃/h after heat preservation, and then discharging from the furnace and air cooling; then, finishing the plate to obtain a cold-rolled plate (the tensile strength of the cold-rolled plate is 303MPa, and the hardness of the cold-rolled plate is 129.47 HV); and then carrying out heat treatment on the cold-rolled plate, heating the plate to 495 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min in a heat treatment furnace, preserving heat for 60min, then quickly taking out the plate, quenching the plate in quenching oil, carrying out artificial aging treatment after quenching, heating the sample to 200 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 12 hours, and finally air-cooling to room temperature. The tensile strength of the product obtained after the heat treatment was 420MPa, the elongation was 9.21% and the hardness was 105.71 HV.
The above experiment was repeated 100 times with a yield of 98%. It can be seen from examples 1 and 4 that the artificial aging treatment regimen affects the tensile strength.
Example 5
The other conditions were the same as in example 1 except that:
heating the plate to 495 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min in a heat treatment furnace, preserving heat for 60min, then quickly taking out the plate, quenching the plate in water, carrying out artificial aging treatment after quenching, heating the sample to 180 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 12 hours, and finally air-cooling to room temperature. The resulting sheet had a tensile strength of 460MPa, an elongation of 12.52% and a hardness of 94.04 HV.
The above experiment was repeated 100 times with a yield of 98%. As can be seen from examples 1 and 5, the quenching schedule seriously affects the strength of the product.
Example 6:
for example: preparing a 7055 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 0.5mm (the total deformation is 80%); (the elongation of the rolled sample was 4.02%, the strength was 482.4, and the hardness was 99.3HV)
The preparation process was identical to that of example 1 except that the intermediate annealing and heat treatment schedule were different. The temperature of the intermediate annealing is 440 ℃, and the time is 1.5 h; and (3) a heat treatment system: the solid solution temperature is 465 ℃, the oil quenching is carried out quickly after the heat preservation is carried out for 90min, then the aging treatment is carried out at 120 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 24 h; the resulting sheet had a tensile strength of 680MPa, an elongation of 5.89% and a hardness of 147.21 HV.
The above experiment was repeated 100 times with a yield of 99%.
Comparative example 1
Other condition parameters are consistent with those of the embodiment 1, except that the solid solution temperature is 505 ℃, and the result shows that the overburning phenomenon such as bulging and the like occurs on the surface of the plate, which seriously influences the structure and the performance of the material. The resulting product had a tensile strength of only 290MPa, an elongation of 6.34% and a hardness of 70.82 HV.
Comparative example 2
The other condition parameters are the same as those of the example 1, except that the ageing temperature is 280 ℃ and the ageing time is 48h, the result shows that the microstructure of the sample is seriously coarse, which indicates that the ageing temperature is too high, so that grains grow up, and the performance of the material is influenced. The tensile strength of the obtained product is only 308MPa, the elongation is 7.23 percent, and the hardness is 80.10 HV.
Claims (9)
1. A heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet is characterized by comprising the following steps; pressing and forming aluminum alloy powder, sintering, annealing, cold rolling, intermediate annealing, finishing and heat treating; the press forming is to put the aluminum alloy powder into a customized steel die and carry out the press forming under a single-column or four-column hydraulic press; the sintering is carried out in a vacuum hot pressing furnace; blank annealing is carried out on the sintered blank before cold rolling; the cold rolling is divided into two stages: in the first stage, when the cold rolling reduction is less than 60%, the single-pass cold rolling with the reduction less than 3% and intermediate annealing are adopted in the first stage, so that the cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the total reduction of the plate reaches 60%; when the total rolling reduction of the cold rolling is more than 60 percent, the second stage is carried out, 3 times of cold rolling and intermediate annealing are adopted in the second stage, the 3 times of cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the plate and strip reach the target thickness, and the rolling reduction of each time is less than 3 percent in the second stage of cold rolling; the total deformation of the aluminum alloy sheet after cold rolling is 61-90%; the heat treatment is to perform solid solution-aging treatment on the plate with the required thickness in a heat treatment furnace so as to meet the final use requirement; the aluminum alloy powder is 2A12 aluminum alloy powder;
the solution treatment temperature is 495 ℃, the solution time is 60min, and then a sample is taken out of the furnace and rapidly quenched in quenching oil; carrying out aging treatment after quenching; the aging treatment temperature is 180 ℃, and the aging time is 12 hours.
2. The heat treatment process of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size of the aluminum alloy powder is 10-150 microns.
3. The heat treatment process of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the pressure for pressing and forming the aluminum alloy powder is 200-600 MPa; the pressure maintaining time is 6-20 s;
the thickness of a pressed blank obtained by pressing and forming the aluminum alloy powder is 2-15 mm;
the shape of the pressed compact obtained by pressing and forming the aluminum alloy powder is square or rectangular.
4. The heat treatment process of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the sintering temperature of the pressed compact is 535-625 ℃;
the green compact sintering time is 60-180 minutes;
the green compact sintering pressure is 2-12 MPa.
5. The heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that;
annealing the sintered blank before rolling, wherein the annealing temperature is 350-450 ℃; the heat preservation time is 20-180min, and after the heat preservation is finished, the furnace is cooled to below 260 ℃ at the speed of not more than 30 ℃/h, and then the furnace is taken out for cooling.
6. The heat treatment process of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the cold rolling of the 2A12 aluminum alloy sintered blank is divided into two stages: in the first stage, when the cold rolling reduction is less than 60%, the single-pass cold rolling with the reduction less than 3% and intermediate annealing are adopted in the first stage, so that the cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the total reduction of the plate reaches 60%; when the total rolling reduction of the cold rolling is more than 60 percent, entering a second stage, wherein 3 times of cold rolling and intermediate annealing are adopted in the second stage, so that the 3 times of cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the plate and strip reach the target thickness, and the rolling reduction of each time is less than 3 percent in the second stage of cold rolling; the total deformation of the aluminum alloy sheet after cold rolling is 61-90%;
the intermediate annealing temperature is 330-450 ℃; the heat preservation time is 20-150min, and after the heat preservation is finished, the mixture is cooled to below 260 ℃ in a furnace at the speed of not more than 30 ℃/h and then is discharged from the furnace for cooling;
the final finished product thickness of the rolled plate is 0.2-4.0 mm.
7. The heat treatment process of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet according to claim 6, characterized in that: the granularity of the 2A12 aluminum alloy powder is 200-500 meshes; the powder particles are nearly spherical powder prepared by a water atomization method.
8. The heat treatment process of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet according to claim 7, characterized in that: when the aluminum alloy powder is spherical 2A12 aluminum alloy powder prepared by a water atomization method and with a mesh size of 250-300 meshes;
pressing and forming at a pressing pressure of 400MPa to obtain a square or rectangular pressed blank with the thickness of 3 mm; then carrying out pressure sintering for 120min at 575 ℃ under the vacuum condition; after sintering under the pressure of 10MPa, blank annealing is carried out on the sintered blank, and the annealing temperature is 420 ℃; the heat preservation time is 60min, and after the heat preservation is finished, the furnace is cooled to below 260 ℃ at the speed of not more than 30 ℃/h and then is taken out of the furnace for cooling; and (3) cold rolling the annealed sintered blank on a two-roller or four-roller rolling mill, wherein the cold rolling process is divided into two stages: in the first stage, when the cold rolling reduction is less than 60%, the single-pass cold rolling with the reduction less than 3% and intermediate annealing are adopted in the first stage, and the cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the total reduction of the plate reaches 60%; when the total rolling reduction of the cold rolling is more than 60 percent, entering a second stage, wherein 3-pass cold rolling and intermediate annealing are adopted in the second stage, the second stage is alternately carried out according to the process of assisting 1-pass intermediate annealing after 3-pass cold rolling until the plate and strip reach the target thickness, and the rolling reduction of each pass in the second stage is less than 3 percent;
the temperature of each intermediate annealing is 420 ℃; the single heat preservation time is 60min, and after the heat preservation is finished, the furnace is cooled to below 260 ℃ at the speed of not more than 30 ℃/h in the furnace, and then the furnace is taken out for cooling;
the total deformation of the aluminum alloy plate after cold rolling is 83.3 percent; the tensile strength of the cold-rolled sample is 303 MPa; then, carrying out heat treatment on the cold-rolled plate, wherein the heat treatment is to heat the plate to 495 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min in a heat treatment furnace, keep the temperature for 60min, then quickly take out the plate to be quenched in quenching oil, carry out artificial aging treatment after quenching is finished, heat the sample to 180 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, keep the temperature for 12 hours, and finally air-cool the sample to room temperature; the tensile strength of the product obtained after heat treatment is 540MPa, the elongation is 9.88 percent, and the hardness is 129.47 HV; the yield of the product is more than or equal to 99 percent.
9. A heat treatment process of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet is characterized in that: taking 250-300 meshes of spherical 7055 aluminum alloy powder prepared by a water atomization method as a raw material; pressing and forming at a pressing pressure of 400MPa to obtain a square or rectangular pressed blank with the thickness of 3 mm; then carrying out pressure sintering for 120min at 575 ℃ under the vacuum condition; after sintering under the pressure of 10MPa, blank annealing is carried out on the sintered blank, and the annealing temperature is 420 ℃; the heat preservation time is 60min, and after the heat preservation is finished, the furnace is cooled to below 260 ℃ at the speed of not more than 30 ℃/h and then is taken out of the furnace for cooling; and (3) cold rolling the annealed sintered blank on a two-roller or four-roller rolling mill, wherein the cold rolling process is divided into two stages: in the first stage, when the cold rolling reduction is less than 60%, the single-pass cold rolling with the reduction less than 3% and intermediate annealing are adopted in the first stage, and the cold rolling and the intermediate annealing are alternately carried out until the total reduction of the plate reaches 60%; when the total rolling reduction of the cold rolling is more than 60 percent, entering a second stage, wherein 3-pass cold rolling and intermediate annealing are adopted in the second stage, the second stage is alternately carried out according to the process of assisting 1-pass intermediate annealing after 3-pass cold rolling until the plate and strip reach the target thickness, and the rolling reduction of each pass in the second stage is less than 3 percent;
the intermediate annealing temperature is 440 ℃; the single heat preservation time is 90min, and after the heat preservation is finished, the furnace is cooled to below 260 ℃ at the speed of not more than 30 ℃/h in the furnace, and then the furnace is taken out for cooling;
the total deformation of the aluminum alloy plate after cold rolling is 83.3 percent; the tensile strength of the cold-rolled sample is 303 MPa; then, carrying out heat treatment on the cold-rolled plate, wherein the heat treatment is to place the plate in a heat treatment furnace to heat to 465 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min and preserve heat for 90min, then quickly take out the plate to quench in quenching oil, carry out artificial aging treatment after quenching is finished, heat the sample to 120 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, preserve heat for 24 hours, and finally air-cool the sample to room temperature; the tensile strength of the product obtained after heat treatment is 680MPa, the elongation is 8.01 percent, and the hardness is 131.53 HV; the yield of the product is more than or equal to 99 percent.
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