CN113441665B - Forging method and application of low-direction-sensitivity 7xxx series aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Forging method and application of low-direction-sensitivity 7xxx series aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN113441665B CN113441665B CN202110724559.9A CN202110724559A CN113441665B CN 113441665 B CN113441665 B CN 113441665B CN 202110724559 A CN202110724559 A CN 202110724559A CN 113441665 B CN113441665 B CN 113441665B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of metal material processing, and relates to a forging method and application of a low-direction-sensitivity 7xxx series aluminum alloy. The forging method comprises the combination of medium-temperature forging, differential-temperature forging and hot forging. The invention provides a forging method for reducing the directional sensitivity of a 7xxx series aluminum alloy forging, which can ensure that the alloy obtains a large amount of fine grains in the high direction, improve the rheological property of the center part of the forging, improve the isotropic uniformity of a thick plate, improve the comprehensive property and reduce the directional sensitivity of the forging. The process designed by the invention is particularly suitable for manufacturing aluminum alloy materials with large and thick section specifications of more than 90 mm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal material processing, and relates to a forging method and application of a low-direction-sensitivity 7xxx series aluminum alloy.
Background
The 7xxx series high-strength aluminum alloy is widely used in the fields of aerospace, war industry, transportation and the like. In order to meet the weight reduction requirement, the integral manufacture of large-thick-section 7xxx series aluminum alloy forgings for supporting large-scale complex parts is urgently required, the large-thick-section 7xxx series aluminum alloy forgings generally adopt a high-temperature forging process, dead zones are easy to exist, namely the rheological property of the central part is insufficient, and sufficient deformation cannot be generated in the forging process, so that the alloy forgings have strong directional sensitivity, mainly expressed by the elongation anisotropy index exceeding 50%, the fracture toughness difference in different directions is more than 30%, and the high-directional stress corrosion performance is obviously lower than that in other directions, the advantages of longitudinal performance and transverse performance are limited in the design, and the improvement of the comprehensive weight reduction benefit is limited.
And (3) searching and finding: in the prior art, a precedent that the high-directional performance of the aluminum alloy is improved by singly adopting a warm forging or differential temperature forging method exists, but the technical process cannot meet the increasing material performance requirement and does not contribute to the reduction of the directional sensitivity of the 7-series aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a forging method and application for reducing the direction sensitivity of a 7xxx series aluminum alloy forging, so that the anisotropy of the performance caused by insufficient recrystallization process and insufficient rheological property of a dead zone in the forging process of the 7xxx series aluminum alloy is avoided, and the direction sensitivity of the forging is reduced.
The process designed by the invention is particularly suitable for manufacturing aluminum alloy materials with the large-thickness section specification and the thickness of more than 90 mm.
The invention discloses a forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7xxx series aluminum alloy, which adopts a forging method combining medium-temperature forging, differential-temperature forging and hot forging to regulate and control the forging structure, wherein the forging method comprises the following steps:
step one forge piece heating and heat preservation
Heating the blank to A ℃, preserving heat until the temperature difference between the core and the surface of the blank is less than 5 ℃, then cooling to B ℃, preserving heat at B ℃ to ensure that the temperature difference between the core and the surface of the blank is less than 5 ℃, and obtaining a part to be forged;
the value of A is 440-480, preferably 455-465; the value of B is 320-360, preferably 335-345;
step two intermediate temperature forging
Performing medium-temperature forging on the piece to be forged; controlling the initial forging temperature to be B ℃ during medium-temperature forging, and forging the forged piece from 200mm to 130 mm; obtaining a No. 1 intermediate forging;
heating and heat preservation after medium-temperature forging in step three
Heating the No. 1 intermediate forging obtained in the step two to C ℃, and preserving heat until the temperature difference between the core and the surface is less than 5 ℃; obtaining a No. 2 intermediate forging; the value of C is 440-480, preferably 455-465;
step four hot forging and differential temperature forging
Carrying out hot forging and differential temperature forging treatment on the No. 2 intermediate forging obtained in the step three; the hot forging and differential temperature forging treatment comprises the following steps: hot forging is started at C ℃; spraying a coolant on the surface of the forging piece in the hot forging process until the surface temperature reaches D ℃, wherein the temperature of the center of the forging piece is higher than that of the surface of the forging piece; the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to D ℃; after the forging, air cooling is carried out; obtaining a product; the value of D is 360-400, preferably 375-385.
The invention relates to a forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7xxx series aluminum alloy, wherein the heat preservation time at A ℃ is 1.5-2.5 h. For oversized parts, the holding time at this temperature can be extended appropriately.
The invention relates to a forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7xxx series aluminum alloy, wherein the heat preservation time at the temperature of B ℃ is 1.5h-2.5 h. For oversized parts, the holding time at this temperature can be suitably extended.
The invention relates to a forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7xxx series aluminum alloy, wherein the heat preservation time at the temperature of C is 1.5h-2.5 h. For oversized parts, the holding time at this temperature can be suitably extended.
Preferably, the invention provides a forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7xxx series aluminum alloy,
in the first step, the blank is heated to 460 ℃, and is kept warm for 2h, and then is put to 340 ℃, and is kept warm for 2 h;
in the second step, the initial forging temperature of medium-temperature forging is 340 ℃, and the forging is forged to 130mm from 200 mm;
in the third step, the forging is carried out at the middle temperature, then the temperature is heated to 460 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours;
in the fourth step, the forging temperature at the beginning of hot forging is 460 ℃, the forging piece is forged to 90mm from 130mm, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the forging piece are sprayed with coolant in the hot forging process until the surface temperature reaches 380 ℃, so that the temperature of the central part is relatively high, the finish forging temperature is not lower than 380 ℃, and air cooling is carried out after the forging is finished; carrying out heat treatment and aging treatment on the product to obtain a finished product in a T6 state or a finished product in a T74 state; the heat treatment parameters are heat preservation for 1.5h-2.5h at 460 ℃ -480 ℃, and water quenching; the T6 aging system is to keep the temperature at 110-130 ℃ for 30-38 h; the T74 aging system is to keep the temperature at 110-130 ℃ for 4-10 h, then to heat to 150-170 ℃ and keep the temperature for 8-12 h.
The invention relates to a forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7xxx series aluminum alloy; when the forged object is 7085 aluminum alloy, aging by T6 after forging; obtaining a product;
the difference between the tensile strength of the product in any two directions of the L direction, the LT direction and the ST direction is less than or equal to 5 MPa;
the difference between the yield strengths of the products in any two directions of the L direction, the LT direction and the ST direction is less than or equal to 10 MPa;
the difference of the elongation rates of the products in any two directions of L, LT and ST is less than or equal to 3.5 percent.
The invention relates to a forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7xxx series aluminum alloy; when the forged object is 7085 aluminum alloy, aging by T6 after forging; obtaining a product; after C ring stress corrosion, only slight cracks exist; the conditions of the C ring stress corrosion are as follows: the pressure is 290MPa, and the time is 20 d.
The invention relates to a forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7xxx series aluminum alloy; when the forged object is 7A85 aluminum alloy, aging by T6 after forging; obtaining a product;
the difference between the tensile strengths of the products in any two directions of L, LT and ST is less than or equal to 20 MPa;
the difference between the yield strengths of the products in any two directions of the L direction, the LT direction and the ST direction is less than or equal to 12 MPa;
the difference of the elongation rates of the products in any two directions of the L direction, the LT direction and the ST direction is less than or equal to 2 percent.
The invention relates to a forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7xxx series aluminum alloy; when the forged object is 7A85 aluminum alloy, aging by T6 after forging; obtaining a product; after C ring stress corrosion, only slight cracks exist; the conditions of the C ring stress corrosion are as follows: the pressure is 290MPa, and the time is 20 d.
The invention relates to a forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7xxx series aluminum alloy; when the forged object is 7085 aluminum alloy, aging by T74 after forging; obtaining a product;
the difference between the tensile strengths of the products in any two directions of L, LT and ST is less than or equal to 20 MPa;
the difference between the yield strengths of the products in any two directions of the L direction, the LT direction and the ST direction is less than or equal to 12 MPa;
the difference of the elongation rates of the products in any two directions of the L direction, the LT direction and the ST direction is less than or equal to 4 percent.
The invention relates to a forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7xxx series aluminum alloy; when the forged object is 7085 aluminum alloy, aging by T74 after forging; obtaining a product; after C ring stress corrosion, no crack exists; the conditions of the C ring stress corrosion are as follows: the pressure is 290MPa, and the time is 20 d.
Principles and advantages
In the forging process, the forged forging piece is more uniform in structure and performance in all directions by adopting a mode of firstly medium-temperature forging, then hot forging and differential-temperature forging; secondly, the surface of the forging after the temperature is reduced in the hot forging process is still higher than D ℃ (preferably more than 380 ℃), and the surface is prevented from being excessively recrystallized in subsequent treatment to cause the performance reduction of the surface material. If the operation is not performed according to the sequence of the working procedures, the performance difference of the final product in each direction is influenced to a certain extent.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. the uniformity of the structure performance is improved through the recrystallization process; 2. the performance of the surface layer is not reduced while the performance of the core part is improved; 3. the deformation uniformity of each part of the material is improved, and the direction sensitivity of the final performance of the material is reduced; 4. the process combination operation is simple, can be realized in industrial production, and has production application value; 5. in addition to basic mechanics, reduced directional sensitivity, such as corrosion performance, especially high directional corrosion performance, may be better than other processes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a product obtained in comparative example 3 before C-ring stress corrosion;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the product obtained in example 3 before C-ring stress corrosion;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a product obtained in comparative example 3 after C-ring stress corrosion;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the product obtained in example 3 after C-ring stress etching.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given in conjunction with comparative examples and examples to further illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the room temperature tensile test, a relevant standard tensile sample is prepared by taking national standard GB/T228-2002 as a standard, a relevant three-point bending sample is prepared by taking GB/T21143-2014 as a standard in the fracture toughness test, and a C-shaped ring sample is prepared by taking HB 5259-83 as a standard in the C-shaped ring corrosion test.
Comparative example 1-1: the blank is 7085 aluminum alloy of 150X 200 mm. The blank is heated to 460 ℃ and is kept warm for 2h, then is subjected to multi-pass hot forging at 460 ℃ and is forged from 200mm to 90mm, and then is cooled in air.
Comparative examples 1 to 2: the blank is 7085 aluminum alloy of 150X 200 mm. Heating the blank to 460 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, then placing to 340 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, pre-forging at 340 ℃, and forging from 200mm to 130 mm; then the forging piece is heated to 460 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 2h, hot forging is carried out at 460 ℃, and the forging piece is forged from 200mm to 90mm, and then air cooling is carried out.
Example 1: the blank is 7085 aluminum alloy of 150X 200 mm. Heating the blank to 460 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, then placing to 340 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, and performing multi-pass pre-forging at 340 ℃ to forge from 200mm to 130 mm; and then heating the forge piece to 460 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, (dynamic recrystallization can occur but the forge piece does not grow, and the long forge piece needs longer time for preserving heat), carrying out hot forging at 460 ℃, forging and pressing from 130mm to 90mm, spraying cooling liquid on the upper surface and the lower surface in the hot forging process until the surface temperature reaches 380 ℃, and carrying out air cooling after forging.
Comparative example 2: the blank is 150X 200mm of 7A85 aluminum alloy. The blank is heated to 460 ℃ and is kept warm for 2h, and then is subjected to multi-pass hot forging at 460 ℃, and then is forged from 200mm to 90mm, and then is cooled in air.
Example 2: the blank is 150X 200mm of 7A85 aluminum alloy. Heating the blank to 460 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, then placing to 340 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, performing multi-pass pre-forging at 340 ℃, and forging and pressing from 200mm to 130 mm; and then heating the forge piece to 460 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, carrying out hot forging at 460 ℃, forging and pressing from 130mm to 90mm, spraying cooling liquid on the upper surface and the lower surface in the hot forging process until the surface temperature reaches 380 ℃, and carrying out air cooling after forging.
Comparative example 3: the blank is 7085 aluminum alloy of 150X 200 mm. The blank is heated to 460 ℃ and is kept warm for 2h, and then is subjected to multi-pass hot forging at 460 ℃, and then is forged from 200mm to 90mm, and then is cooled in air.
Example 3: the blank is 7085 aluminum alloy of 150X 200 mm. Heating the blank to 460 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, then placing to 340 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, and performing multi-pass pre-forging at 340 ℃ to forge from 200mm to 130 mm; and then heating the forge piece to 460 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, carrying out hot forging at 460 ℃, forging from 130mm to 90mm, spraying cooling liquid on the upper surface and the lower surface in the hot forging process until the surface temperature reaches 380 ℃, and carrying out air cooling after forging.
Comparative example and example the final plate size after treatment was 330 x 200 x 90mm, the materials prepared in comparative example and example were heat treated to a T6 or T74 temper with the heat treatment process parameters of 470 ℃/2h and water quenched, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, example 2 all used a T6 aging schedule, aged at 120 ℃/34 h; comparative example 3 and example 3 both use a T74 aging schedule and perform a two stage aging at 120 ℃/7h +160 ℃/10 h. Three directional property pairs for materials prepared according to the conventional forging process and the inventive process are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the comparative examples and examples for performance in each direction
Claims (10)
1. A forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7xxx series aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the forging method combining medium-temperature forging, differential temperature forging and hot forging is adopted to regulate and control the structure of a forged piece, and the forging comprises the following steps:
step one forge piece heating and heat preservation
Heating the blank to A ℃, preserving heat until the temperature difference between the core and the surface of the blank is less than 5 ℃, then cooling to B ℃, preserving heat at B ℃ to ensure that the temperature difference between the core and the surface of the blank is less than 5 ℃, and obtaining a part to be forged;
the value of A is 440-480; the value of B is 320-360;
step two medium temperature forging
Carrying out medium-temperature forging on the piece to be forged; controlling the initial forging temperature to be B ℃ during medium-temperature forging, and forging the forged piece from 200mm to 130 mm; obtaining a No. 1 intermediate forging;
heating and heat preservation after medium-temperature forging in three steps
Heating the No. 1 intermediate forging obtained in the step two to C ℃, and preserving heat until the temperature difference between the core and the surface is less than 5 ℃; obtaining a No. 2 intermediate forging; the value of C is 440-480;
step four hot forging and differential temperature forging
Carrying out hot forging and differential temperature forging treatment on the No. 2 intermediate forging obtained in the step three; the hot forging and differential temperature forging treatment comprises the following steps: hot forging is started at C ℃; spraying a coolant on the surface of the forging piece in the hot forging process until the surface temperature reaches D ℃, wherein the temperature of the center of the forging piece is higher than that of the surface of the forging piece; the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to D ℃; air cooling is carried out after the forging is finished; obtaining a product; the value of D is 360-400.
2. The forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7 xxx-series aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heat preservation time at A ℃ is 1.5h-2.5 h.
3. The forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7 xxx-series aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heat preservation time at the temperature of B ℃ is 1.5h-2.5 h.
4. The forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7 xxx-series aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heat preservation time at the temperature of C is 1.5h-2.5 h.
5. The forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7 xxx-series aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in the first step, the blank is heated to 460 ℃, and is kept warm for 2h, and then is put to 340 ℃, and is kept warm for 2 h;
in the second step, the initial forging temperature of medium-temperature forging is 340 ℃, and the forging is forged to 130mm from 200 mm;
in the third step, the forging is carried out at the middle temperature, then the temperature is heated to 460 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours;
in the fourth step, the forging temperature of hot forging is 460 ℃, the forging is forged from 130mm to 90mm, and the upper surface and the lower surface are sprayed with coolant in the hot forging process until the surface temperature reaches 380 ℃, so that the temperature of the central part is relatively high, the finish forging temperature is not lower than 380 ℃, and air cooling is carried out after forging.
6. The forging method of a low-direction-sensitivity 7 xxx-series aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: carrying out heat treatment and aging treatment on the product to obtain a T6 state finished product or a T74 state finished product; the heat treatment parameters are heat preservation for 1.5h-2.5h at 460 ℃ -480 ℃, and water quenching; the T6 aging system is to keep the temperature at 110-130 ℃ for 30-38 h; the T74 aging system is to keep the temperature at 110-130 ℃ for 4-10 h, then to heat to 150-170 ℃ and keep the temperature for 8-12 h.
7. A method of forging a low orientation sensitivity 7 xxx-series aluminum alloy as claimed in any of claims 1-6, wherein: when the forged object is 7085 aluminum alloy, aging by T6 after forging; obtaining a product;
the difference between the tensile strengths of the products in any two directions of L, LT and ST is less than or equal to 5 MPa;
the difference between the yield strengths of the products in any two directions of the L direction, the LT direction and the ST direction is less than or equal to 10 MPa;
the difference of the elongation rates of the products in any two directions of L, LT and ST is less than or equal to 3.5 percent.
8. A method of forging a low-orientation-sensitivity 7 xxx-series aluminum alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, wherein: when the forged object is 7A85 aluminum alloy, aging the forged object by T6; obtaining a product;
the difference between the tensile strengths of the products in any two directions of L, LT and ST is less than or equal to 20 MPa;
the difference between the yield strengths of the products in any two directions of the L direction, the LT direction and the ST direction is less than or equal to 12 MPa;
the difference of the elongation rates of any two directions of the products L, LT and ST is less than or equal to 2 percent.
9. A method of forging a low-orientation-sensitivity 7 xxx-series aluminum alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, wherein: when the forged object is 7085 aluminum alloy, aging by T74 after forging; obtaining a product;
the difference between the tensile strengths of the products in any two directions of L, LT and ST is less than or equal to 20 MPa;
the difference between the yield strengths of the products in any two directions of the L direction, the LT direction and the ST direction is less than or equal to 12 MPa;
the difference of the elongation rates of the products in any two directions of the L direction, the LT direction and the ST direction is less than or equal to 4 percent.
10. Use of a forging process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in a low direction sensitivity 7 xxx-series aluminium alloy, in which: the method is suitable for manufacturing the aluminum alloy material with the large-thickness section specification and the thickness of more than 90 mm.
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