CN114769477A - Low-cost high-quality preparation method of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging - Google Patents
Low-cost high-quality preparation method of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium alloy forging, and particularly discloses a low-cost high-quality preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging pieceβForging at the 2 nd heating time at the temperature of (30-50) DEG C, cooling the forging material by water immediately, and heating the blank to TβCooling to room temperature after heat preservation at 50-80 ℃, and finally putting the blank at TβForging and forming at a temperature of (30-50) DEG C for 3-5 times. Compared with the prior art, the forging process has the advantages that the forging number is greatly reduced, the forging period and the cost are obviously reduced, and the process controllability is further enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium alloy forging, in particular to a low-cost high-quality preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging.
Background
The titanium alloy has the characteristics of high specific strength, high toughness, excellent corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, marine clothing, military clothing and the like. The traditional titanium alloy material is processed due to excessive pursuit of refinement of the structure, the forging production period is long, and the forging piece is usually produced by adopting quasi-beta forging or beta forging, the forging window is extremely narrow, and the forging piece yield is low; for example, for military aviation titanium alloy, repeated upsetting-pulling forging is usually required for at least more than ten times from ingot casting to forging, then drawing to rough is carried out, and then quasi-beta forging is adopted to obtain the final forging, so that the production period is long, the process control difficulty is high, the quasi-beta forging process window is extremely narrow, the requirement on equipment is high, and the process control difficulty and the production cost are further increased.
The prior authorization publication No. CN110205571A discloses a preparation method of a TC18 titanium alloy large-size bar, which comprises the following specific steps: 1) high-temperature forging: firstly, cogging forging, heating for 1 heating number of upsetting forging with the heating coefficient of 0.65-0.80, returning hot materials after forging with the total forging ratio of 1.70-2.00, performing 1 heating number of upsetting forging, returning hot materials after forging for 60-120 min, and performing 1 heating number of upsetting forging to obtain a beta structure with the grain size of 5-20 mm; 2) low-temperature forging and high-temperature forging: forging at a low temperature below the beta transformation point temperature, wherein the heating coefficient is 0.65-0.80, the heating number is an upsetting and drawing process, the total forging ratio is 1.6-2.0, and hot material returning is carried out after forging; forging at high temperature above the beta transformation point temperature, wherein the heating coefficient is 0.5, the total forging ratio is 1.2-1.5, and cooling by air after slow pressing at constant speed to obtain a uniform and fine beta structure with the grain size of 1-2 mm. 3) Low-temperature forging: and forging at a low temperature below the beta transformation point temperature again, wherein the single-fire deformation is less than 30 percent, the cumulative forging ratio is 3-4, returning the hot material to the furnace for heat preservation, and cooling in air after forging to the size of a finished product. Although the process can reduce the forging number to a certain extent compared with the traditional process, the static recrystallization energy storage provided by the hot material remelting process used in the low-temperature forging and the high-temperature forging is limited, the single-phase region forging is required after the heating is finished, the beta grains are further refined through dynamic recrystallization during the single-phase region forging, the uniformity of the forging deformation is not favorable for controlling the uniformity of the beta structure, in addition, the cogging forging number of the process is still more, the size of the beta grains is refined to 1-2 mm before the final low-temperature forging, and the size of the excessively fine beta grains causes that the conventional forging is difficult to realize better toughness matching during the production of subsequent forgings, so the quasi-beta forging with higher control difficulty is adopted during the production of the forgings.
Therefore, how to design a simple and reliable short-flow process enables a titanium alloy forging product to rapidly realize uniform structure, excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and stable and controllable production process by adopting less forging fire number, and has important significance for further popularization and application of titanium alloy materials.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a low-cost high-quality preparation method of a high-toughness titanium alloy forging, the method can realize the optimal toughness matching by adopting two-phase region forging on the finished product forging, the forging heat number can be greatly reduced, the process control difficulty is obviously reduced, and the quality stability of the forging is obviously enhanced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the low-cost high-quality preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging is characterized in that a titanium alloy ingot is subjected to 1 st fire cogging forging at 1100-1150 ℃, and then TβForging at the 2 nd heating time at the temperature of (30-50) DEG C, cooling the forging material by water immediately, and heating the blank to TβCooling to room temperature after heat preservation at 50-80 deg.C, and placing the blank at TβForging and forming at (-30-50) deg.C for 3-5 times.
Further, the low-cost high-quality preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging is realized by the following steps:
step 1: heating a titanium alloy ingot to 1100-1150 ℃, and carrying out 1 st-time cogging forging, wherein the total forging ratio of the cogging forging is controlled to be 4.0-6.0;
step 2: heating the blank obtained in the step 1 to TβPerforming 2 nd hot forging at the temperature of minus 30 to 50 ℃, controlling the hot forging ratio to be 1.5 to 3.0, and immediately cooling by water after forging;
and step 3: heating the blank obtained in the step 2 to TβTemperature is maintained at 50-80 deg.C under numerical controlPreparing the beta-beta; the heat preservation time = the minimum cross-sectional dimension of the blank material and the heat preservation coefficient, for example, □ 500 square blanks with the size of 500 x 1200mm, the heat preservation coefficient is 0.8-1.2, and then the heat preservation time is 500 x 0.8 min-500 x 1.2min, namely 400-600 min;
and 4, step 4: heating the blank obtained in the step 3 to TβForging and forming for 3-5 times at the temperature of (30-50) DEG C, and controlling the total forging ratio of the two-phase region to be 5.0-10.0 to obtain a finished product.
Further, in the step 2, the total forging time is not more than 8min, and the time from the end of forging to the time when the blank enters water is not more than 1 min.
Further, in the step 4, the forging time per fire is not more than 8min, the forging ratio per fire is not more than 2.5, and air cooling or hot material returning is adopted after forging per fire.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the finished product forging is forged in a two-phase region, so that excellent strength and toughness matching can be realized, the problems of narrow quasi-beta forging process window, high control difficulty and the like are avoided, and the quality stability of the forging is greatly improved;
2. the invention is carried out before forging in two-phase region at TβPrimary recrystallization annealing is carried out within the range of +/-50-80 ℃ without any deformation, so that the homogenization of the beta crystal grain size can be realized, the accurate control of the beta crystal grain size can be realized by controlling the static recrystallization temperature and the recrystallization time, and the structure and the performance stability of the forged piece are obviously improved;
3. compared with the prior art, the forging process has the advantages that the forging number is greatly reduced, the forging period and the cost are obviously reduced, and the process controllability is further enhanced. In the prior art, the structure is refined, and forging of a forge piece is more times; the invention mainly aims to realize the uniformity of the structure and the performance matching, the size of beta crystal grains is obviously larger than that of the traditional process, so that the total forging times from ingot casting to finished product forging pieces are only 6-8 times, and compared with the conventional dozens of twenty times, the forging times of the invention are greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison graph of the mechanical properties of forgings produced by the prior art and the technology of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a macroscopic macrostructure comparison diagram of a forged piece produced by the prior art and the technology of the invention, wherein (a) is a scheme I, and (b) is a scheme II;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the microstructure of forgings produced by the prior art and the technology of the invention, wherein (a) is a scheme one, and (b) is a scheme two.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. The following are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent or similar arrangement without departing from the spirit of the invention is intended to fall within the scope of the invention. And hereinafter: "□" refers to the height of a billet having a square cross-section and "Φ" refers to the diameter of a billet having a circular cross-section, herein "Tβ"refers to the phase transition point temperature.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging with low cost and high quality is realized by the following steps:
step 1: heating a titanium alloy ingot to 1100-1150 ℃, and carrying out 1 st-time cogging forging, wherein the total forging ratio of the cogging forging is controlled to be 4.0-6.0;
step 2: heating the blank obtained in the step 1 to TβPerforming 2 nd hot forging at the temperature of (30-50 ℃), controlling the hot forging ratio to be 1.5-3.0, immediately cooling with water after forging, wherein the total forging time is not more than 8min, and the time from the end of forging to the time when the blank is immersed in water is not more than 1 min;
and 3, step 3: heating the blank obtained in the step 2 to TβHeating to 50-80 ℃, controlling the heat preservation coefficient to be 0.8-1.2, and cooling to room temperature after the heat preservation is finished to obtain a uniform beta structure with the grain size of 5-8 mm;
the non-uniformity of forging deformation is objective, the traditional process uses a large amount of upsetting deformation in a single-phase region, the difference of deformation of different parts in the deformation process is large, even obvious deformation dead zones exist, and the difference of beta grain sizes of different parts is large (single-phase)The beta crystal grain size at the place with large deformation is smaller, and the beta crystal grain size at the place with small deformation is thicker), and finally, the mechanical property fluctuation of different parts of the forged piece is larger. To avoid this, the invention starts from T before forging in the two-phase region of the finished forgingβPrimary recrystallization annealing is carried out within the range of +/-50-80 ℃ without any deformation, the homogenization of the beta crystal grain size can be realized, the accurate control of the beta crystal grain size can be realized by controlling the static recrystallization temperature and the recrystallization time, and the structure and the performance stability of the forged piece are obviously improved finally.
And 4, step 4: heating the blank obtained in the step 3 to TβForging and forming for 3-5 times at the temperature of (30-50) DEG C, and controlling the total forging ratio of the two-phase region to be 5.0-10.0 to obtain a finished product; forging at each time for not more than 8min, forging at each time for not more than 2.5, and air cooling or hot material returning after each forging;
when traditional titanium alloy forging production, because of forging the fire number too much, greatly lost the toughness of material, and in order to promote material toughness, forging finished product usually adopts accurate beta to forge production, be about to heat the material to T againβPreserving the temperature at 15-20 ℃. Because the quasi-beta forging is cross-phase region forging, the forging window is extremely narrow, the product quality is fluctuated even unqualified due to slight deviation in control, and the production control difficulty is extremely high (generally, more than II-type industrial electric furnaces are needed for quasi-beta heating, and a III-type process electric furnace is needed for conventional two-phase region forging). However, the invention adopts two-phase region forging when the finished product is forged, and effectively controls the forging ratio of the two-phase region, thereby accurately controlling the beta grain size and the alpha phase spheroidization rate, ensuring that the forge piece can realize excellent obdurability matching through the two-phase region forging production, and avoiding the problems of extremely narrow quasi-beta forging window, extremely high control difficulty and the like.
Specific comparative examples and examples are as follows:
materials: TC18, phase transition point: 872 ℃, and the size of the finished product forging piece: □ 300 multiplied by 400 multiplied by 1200mm, 1200mm is streamline direction, main equipment: 45MN rapid forging machine, II type industrial electric furnace and III type industrial electric furnace. The production schemes before and after the application of the invention are compared with the results of physicochemical detection as follows:
first, comparative example-forging method in the prior art (referred to as scheme one)
Obtaining a TC18 □ 300X 400X 1200mm specification forging piece through a 15-time forging process. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: heating a TC18 titanium alloy ingot to 1150 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace, and performing 1 st fire cogging forging by using a 45MN fast forging machine, wherein the total forging ratio of the cogging forging is 9.2;
step 2: heating the blank obtained in the step 1 to 1100-950 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace, and carrying out 2 nd-4 th-time upsetting-drawing forging by using a 45MN quick forging machine, wherein the forging ratio of each time is controlled within the range of 9.5-10.5;
and step 3: heating the blank obtained in the step 2 to 830 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace, and performing 5 th hot upsetting forging by using a 45MN quick forging machine, wherein the hot forging ratio is 1.7;
and 4, step 4: heating the blank obtained in the step 3 to 1000-950 ℃ by using a III-type electric furnace, and performing upset-draw forging 6-7 times by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the forging ratio of each time is controlled within the range of 5.0-7.5;
and 5: heating the blank obtained in the step 4 to 830 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace, and carrying out 8 th-11 th hot upsetting forging by using a 45MN quick forging machine, wherein the forging ratio of each hot forging is controlled within the range of 1.5-1.7;
and 6: heating the blank obtained in the step 5 to 830 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace, and carrying out 12 th-time drawing forging by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the fire forging ratio is 1.6;
and 7: heating the blank obtained in the step 6 to 830 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace, and carrying out 13 th-time drawing forging by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the fire forging ratio is 1.5;
and step 8: heating the blank obtained in the step 7 to 830 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace, and carrying out 14 th-time drawing forging by using a 45MN quick forging machine, wherein the fire forging ratio is 1.4;
and step 9: and (3) heating the blank obtained in the step (8) to 840 ℃ by using a II type electric furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating coefficient is 0.7, then heating to 885 ℃ for heat preservation, the heat preservation coefficient is 0.3, after the heat preservation is finished, quickly transferring the blank to a 45MN fast forging machine for 15 th-time drawing, shaping and forging, the hot forging ratio is 1.5, the forged size is □ 320 multiplied by 420 multiplied by 1300mm, air cooling to room temperature after forging, then carrying out double annealing according to the standard, mechanically adding the blank to a □ 300 multiplied by 400 multiplied by L mm finished product, and sampling from the end part for carrying out various physicochemical detections.
Second, example of forging method of the present invention (referred to as scheme two)
The high-quality low-cost TC18 □ 300 forging with the specification of 300X 400X 1200mm is obtained through a 6-time forging process. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: heating a TC18 titanium alloy ingot to 1150 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace, carrying out 1 st-time cogging forging by using a 45MN quick forging machine, wherein the total cogging forging ratio is 4.5, the forging time is 7min, and air-cooling to room temperature after forging;
and 2, step: heating the blank obtained in the step 1 to 835 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace, performing 2 nd-time forging by using a 45MN quick forging machine, wherein the heat forging ratio is 1.7, the forging time is 4min, immediately cooling by water after forging, and the time for transferring the forged blank to a water cooling tank is 55 s;
and step 3: heating the blank obtained in the step 2 to 930 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace for heat preservation, wherein the heat preservation coefficient is 1.0, and cooling the blank to room temperature after the heat preservation is finished;
and 4, step 4: heating the blank obtained in the step 3 to 835 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace, performing 3 rd heating 1-upsetting 1-drawing forging by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the heating forging ratio is 1.9, the forging time is 6min, and cooling the blank to room temperature after forging;
and 5: heating the blank obtained in the step 4 to 835 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace, carrying out 4 th-time drawing forging by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the heating forging ratio is 1.7, the forging time is 5min, and cooling the blank to room temperature after forging;
step 6: heating the blank obtained in the step 5 to 835 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace, carrying out 5 th-time drawing forging by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the heating forging ratio is 1.6, the forging time is 4min, and cooling the blank to room temperature after forging;
and 7: the billet obtained in step 6 was heated to 835 ℃ using a class iii electric furnace, subjected to the 6 th hot finish forging using a 45MN rapid forging machine with a hot forging ratio of 1.5 and a forging time of 4min and a forged size of □ 320 × 420 × 1300mm, air-cooled to room temperature after forging, and then subjected to double annealing as standard, mechanically added to a □ 300 × 400 × L mm finish, and sampled from the end for various physicochemical tests, and the results thereof as compared with those of scheme one (prior art) are shown in fig. 1-3.
Claims (4)
1. The low-cost high-quality preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging piece is characterized in that a titanium alloy ingot is subjected to 1 st fire cogging forging at 1100-1150 ℃, and then T is subjected to TβPerforming 2 nd-fire forging at the temperature of (30-50 ℃), immediately cooling with water after forging, and then heating the blank to TβCooling to room temperature after heat preservation at 50-80 ℃, and finally putting the blank at TβForging and forming at a temperature of (30 to 50) DEG C for 3 to 5 times.
2. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging with low cost and high quality as claimed in claim 1 is specifically realized by the following steps:
step 1: heating a titanium alloy ingot to 1100-1150 ℃, and carrying out 1 st-time cogging forging, wherein the total forging ratio of the cogging forging is controlled to be 4.0-6.0;
step 2: heating the blank obtained in the step 1 to TβPerforming 2 nd hot forging at the temperature of minus 30 to 50 ℃, controlling the hot forging ratio to be 1.5 to 3.0, and immediately cooling by water after forging;
and step 3: heating the blank obtained in the step 2 to TβHeating to 50-80 ℃, controlling the heat preservation coefficient to be 0.8-1.2, and air-cooling to room temperature after the heat preservation is finished to obtain a uniform beta structure with the grain size of 5-8 mm;
and 4, step 4: heating the blank obtained in the step 3 to TβForging and forming at the temperature of minus 30 to 50 ℃ for 3 to 5 times, and controlling the total forging ratio of the two-phase region to be 5.0 to 10.0 to obtain a finished product.
3. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging with low cost and high quality as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step 2, the total forging time is not more than 8min, and the time from the end of forging to the time when the blank enters water is not more than 1 min.
4. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2, the total forging time is not more than 8min, and the time from the end of forging to the time when the blank enters water is not more than 1 min.
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