CN114769477B - Low-cost high-quality preparation method of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging - Google Patents
Low-cost high-quality preparation method of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN114769477B CN114769477B CN202111354246.5A CN202111354246A CN114769477B CN 114769477 B CN114769477 B CN 114769477B CN 202111354246 A CN202111354246 A CN 202111354246A CN 114769477 B CN114769477 B CN 114769477B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium alloy forging, and particularly discloses a low-cost high-quality preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging, which comprises the steps of performing 1 st firing cogging forging on a titanium alloy cast ingot at 1100-1150 ℃, and then performing T-shaped cogging forging on the titanium alloy cast ingot β Forging at 30-50 deg.C for 2 nd time, immediately cooling with water, and heating to T β Heat preservation is carried out at the temperature of plus (50-80) DEG C, then cooling is carried out to room temperature, and finally the blank is subjected to T β The forging forming is carried out for 3-5 times at the temperature of 30-50 ℃. Compared with the prior art, the forging firing time is greatly reduced, the forging period and the cost are obviously reduced, and the process controllability is further enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium alloy forging, in particular to a low-cost high-quality preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging.
Background
The titanium alloy has the characteristics of high specific strength, high toughness, excellent corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, sea wear, soldiers and the like. The traditional titanium alloy material processing is too pursuing the refinement of the structure, the forging production period is long, the forging is usually produced by adopting quasi beta forging or beta forging, the forging window is extremely narrow, and the forging yield is low; for example, the military aviation titanium alloy is required to be repeatedly upsetted and pulled from an ingot to a forging through at least ten times of fire, then is subjected to drawing and barreling, and then is subjected to quasi-beta forging to obtain a final forging, so that the production period is long, the process control difficulty is high, the quasi-beta forging process window is extremely narrow, the requirement on equipment is high, and the process control difficulty and the production cost are further increased.
The prior authorization bulletin No. CN110205571A discloses a preparation method of a TC18 titanium alloy large-size bar, which comprises the following specific steps: 1) High-temperature forging: firstly, cogging and forging, heating and forging by upsetting and pulling for 1 time, wherein the heating coefficient is 0.65-0.80, hot material and furnace returning are carried out after forging, the total forging ratio is 1.70-2.00, upsetting and pulling for 1 time are carried out after forging, furnace returning and heating time is 60-120 min, the forging ratio is 1.70-2.00, and beta structure with the grain size of 5-20 mm is obtained after upsetting and pulling for 1 time; 2) Low temperature forging + high temperature forging: forging at a low temperature below the beta phase transition point temperature, wherein the heating coefficient is 0.65-0.80, the firing time is a upsetting and pulling process, the total forging ratio is 1.6-2.0, and returning hot materials to the furnace after forging; forging at a high temperature above the beta transformation point temperature, wherein the heating coefficient is 0.5, the total forging ratio is 1.2-1.5, and air cooling is performed after uniform slow pressure to obtain uniform and fine beta structure with the grain size of 1-2 mm. 3) Forging at low temperature: forging at low temperature below beta phase transition point temperature, wherein single-firing deformation is less than 30%, accumulated forging ratio is 3-4, returning hot materials to the furnace for heat preservation, and air cooling after forging to the size of a finished product. The process can reduce forging heat to a certain extent compared with the traditional process, but the static recrystallization energy storage provided by the hot material furnace returning process is limited in low-temperature forging and high-temperature forging, single-phase zone forging is further needed after heating, and beta grains are further refined through dynamic recrystallization during single-phase zone forging, but the nonuniformity of forging deformation is unfavorable for controlling the uniformity of beta tissues, in addition, the cogging forging heat of the process is still more, the beta grain size is refined to 1-2 mm before entering the last low-temperature forging, and the superfine beta grain size causes difficult realization of better toughness matching during subsequent forging production by using the conventional forging, so that the accurate beta forging with larger control difficulty has to be adopted during forging production.
Therefore, how to design a simple and reliable short-flow process, the titanium alloy forging product can rapidly realize uniform structure, excellent comprehensive mechanical property and stable and controllable production process by adopting less forging heat, and has important significance for further popularization and application of the titanium alloy material.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a low-cost high-quality preparation method of a high-strength and toughness titanium alloy forging piece.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a low-cost high-quality preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging is characterized in that a titanium alloy cast ingot is subjected to 1 st firing cogging forging at 1100-1150 ℃ and then subjected to T β Forging at 30-50 deg.C for 2 nd time, immediately cooling with water, and heating to T β Heat preservation is carried out at the temperature of plus (50-80) DEG C, then cooling is carried out to room temperature, and finally the blank is subjected to T β Forging and forming at 30-50 deg.c for 3-5 times.
Furthermore, the low-cost high-quality preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging is realized by the following steps:
step 1: heating the titanium alloy cast ingot to 1100-1150 ℃, and performing cogging forging for the 1 st firing time, wherein the total forging ratio of the cogging forging is controlled to be 4.0-6.0;
step 2: heating the blank obtained in the step 1 to T β Forging at 30-50 deg.c for the 2 nd time, controlling the forging ratio to 1.5-3.0, and water cooling immediately after forging;
step 3: heating the blank obtained in the step 2 to T β Performing heat preservation at a temperature of plus (50-80) DEG C, controlling the heat preservation coefficient to be 0.8-1.2, and performing air cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished to obtain a uniform beta structure with the grain size of 5-8 mm; the heat preservation time=the minimum cross section dimension of the blank is equal to the heat preservation coefficient, for example, the heat preservation coefficient is 0.8-1.2 for a square billet of ≡500×1200mm, and then the heat preservation time is 500×0.8 min-500×1.2min, namely 400-600 min;
step 4: heating the blank obtained in the step 3 to T β And (3) forging and forming at 30-50 ℃ for 3-5 times, wherein the total forging ratio of the two-phase region is controlled to be 5.0-10.0, and a finished product is obtained.
Further, in the step 2, the total forging time is not more than 8min, and the time from the end of forging to the blank water-in is not more than 1min.
In step 4, the forging time is not more than 8min each time, the forging ratio is not more than 2.5 each time, and air cooling or hot material returning is adopted after each time of forging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the finished forging provided by the invention can realize excellent toughness matching through two-phase zone forging, so that the problems of narrow window, high control difficulty and the like of a quasi beta forging process are avoided, and the stability of the quality of the forging is greatly improved;
2. the invention is characterized in that before forging in a two-phase zone, the forging is performed in T β The primary recrystallization annealing is carried out within the range of plus (50-80) DEG C without any deformation, so that not only can the homogenization of the beta grain size be realized, but also the precise control of the beta grain size can be realized by controlling the static recrystallization temperature and the recrystallization time, and finally the structure and the performance stability of the forging piece are obviously improved;
3. compared with the prior art, the forging firing time is greatly reduced, the forging period and the cost are obviously reduced, and the process controllability is further enhanced. The existing technology is to pursue the refinement of the structure, and forging fires of forgings are more; the invention mainly aims to realize the uniformity of the structure and the performance matching property, and the size of beta grains is obviously larger than that of the traditional process, so that the total forging fire from cast ingot to finished forging only needs 6-8 fires, and compared with the traditional forging fire of dozens of times and twenty times, the forging fire of the invention is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing mechanical properties of forging produced by the prior art and the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing macroscopic macroscopical microstructure comparison of a forging produced by the prior art and the technique of the present invention, wherein (a) is scheme one and (b) is scheme two;
FIG. 3 is a comparative drawing of the microstructure of a forging produced by the prior art and the present technology, wherein (a) is scheme one and (b) is scheme two.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. The following are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present inventionIs provided. Any identical or similar solution without departing from the inventive concept shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. And hereinafter: "≡" refers to the height of a blank having a square cross section, "Φ" refers to the diameter of a blank having a circular cross section, herein "T β "refers to the phase transition point temperature.
The low-cost high-quality preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging provided by the invention is realized by the following steps:
step 1: heating the titanium alloy cast ingot to 1100-1150 ℃, and performing cogging forging for the 1 st firing time, wherein the total forging ratio of the cogging forging is controlled to be 4.0-6.0;
step 2: heating the blank obtained in the step 1 to T β Performing 2 nd forging at 30-50 ℃ and controlling the forging ratio of the 2 nd forging to be 1.5-3.0, immediately cooling the blank with water after forging, wherein the total forging time is not more than 8min, and the blank water-in time is not more than 1min after the forging is finished;
step 3: heating the blank obtained in the step 2 to T β Performing heat preservation at a temperature of plus (50-80) DEG C, controlling the heat preservation coefficient to be 0.8-1.2, and performing air cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished to obtain a uniform beta structure with the grain size of 5-8 mm;
the nonuniformity of forging deformation exists objectively, a large amount of upsetting deformation is used in a single-phase area by the traditional process, the deformation difference of different parts is large in the deformation process, even obvious deformation dead zones exist, the size difference of beta grains of different parts is large (the beta grains of the part with large deformation of the single-phase area are fine, and the beta grains of the part with small deformation are coarse), and finally the mechanical property fluctuation of the different parts of the forging is large. To avoid this, the present invention is carried out in a T-stage prior to forging into the two-phase region of the finished forging β The primary recrystallization annealing is carried out within the range of plus (50-80) DEG C without any deformation, so that not only can the uniformity of the beta grain size be realized, but also the precise control of the beta grain size can be realized by controlling the static recrystallization temperature and the recrystallization time, and finally the structure and the performance stability of the forging are obviously improved.
Step 4: heating the blank obtained in the step 3 to T β - (30-50) DEG C, inForging and forming for 3-5 times, wherein the total forging ratio of the two-phase region is controlled to be 5.0-10.0, and a finished product is obtained; the forging time is not more than 8min each time, the forging ratio is not more than 2.5 each time, and air cooling or hot material returning is adopted after each time of forging;
when the traditional titanium alloy forging is produced, the toughness of the material is greatly lost due to excessive forging fire, and in order to improve the toughness of the material, the forging of the finished product of the forging is generally produced by adopting quasi-beta forging, namely, the material is heated to T again β And (3) carrying out heat preservation at a temperature of between 15 and 20 ℃. Because the quasi-beta forging is a cross-phase zone forging, the forging window is extremely narrow, the quality of the product is fluctuated or even unqualified due to slight control deviation, and the production control difficulty is extremely high (generally, more than class II industrial electric furnaces are needed for quasi-beta heating, and class III process electric furnaces are needed for conventional two-phase zone forging). However, the invention adopts the two-phase zone forging during the forging of the finished product, and effectively controls the forging ratio of the two-phase zone, thereby precisely controlling the beta grain size and the alpha phase spheroidization rate, ensuring that the forging can realize excellent toughness matching through the two-phase zone forging production, and avoiding the problems of extremely narrow quasi beta forging window, extremely large control difficulty and the like.
Specific comparative examples and examples are as follows:
materials: TC18, phase transition point: 872 ℃, the size of the finished forging: in the flow direction, the flow direction is 300×400×1200mm, and the flow direction is 1200mm, and the main equipment is as follows: 45MN quick forging machine, II class industrial electric furnace and III class industrial electric furnace. The production scheme and the physicochemical detection result before and after the application of the invention are compared as follows:
1. comparative example-forging method in the prior art (referred to as scheme one)
And obtaining the TC18 ≡300×400×1200mm specification forging through a 15-fire forging process. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: heating a TC18 titanium alloy cast ingot to 1150 ℃ by using a III-type electric furnace, and performing first-firing cogging forging by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the total cogging forging ratio is 9.2;
step 2: heating the blank obtained in the step 1 to 1100-950 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace, and performing upsetting forging for the 2 nd-4 th fire by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the forging ratio of each fire is controlled to be 9.5-10.5;
step 3: heating the blank obtained in the step 2 to 830 ℃ by using a III-class electric furnace, the 45MN rapid forging machine is used for forging the forging in the upsetting and pulling process for the 5 th time, the firing ratio was 1.7;
step 4: heating the blank obtained in the step 3 to 1000-950 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace, and performing upsetting forging for 6-7 times by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the forging ratio of each time is controlled to be 5.0-7.5;
step 5: heating the blank obtained in the step 4 to 830 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace, and performing 8-11 times of upsetting forging by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the forging ratio of each time is controlled within a range of 1.5-1.7;
step 6: heating the blank obtained in the step 5 to 830 ℃ by using a III-type electric furnace, and performing 12 th hot drawing forging by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the hot forging ratio is 1.6;
step 7: heating the blank obtained in the step 6 to 830 ℃ by using a III-type electric furnace, and performing 13 th hot drawing forging by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the hot forging ratio is 1.5;
step 8: heating the blank obtained in the step 7 to 830 ℃ by using a III type electric furnace, and performing 14 th hot drawing forging by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the hot forging ratio is 1.4;
step 9: heating the blank obtained in the step 8 to 840 ℃ by using a type II electric furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating coefficient is 0.7, then heating to 885 ℃ for heat preservation, wherein the heat preservation coefficient is 0.3, rapidly transferring the blank to a 45MN rapid forging machine for 15 th hot drawing and shaping forging, wherein the hot forging ratio is 1.5, the size after forging is ≡320×420×1300mm, cooling to room temperature after forging, performing double annealing according to the standard, adding the blank to ≡300×400×L mm finished product, and sampling from the end part for each physical and chemical detection.
2. Forging method example of the invention (referred to as scheme II)
The high-quality low-cost TC18 ∈300×400×1200mm specification forging is obtained through a 6-fire forging process. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: heating a TC18 titanium alloy cast ingot to 1150 ℃ by using a III-type electric furnace, performing cogging forging for the 1 st firing time by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the total forging ratio of cogging forging is 4.5, the forging time is 7min, and cooling to room temperature after forging;
step 2: heating the blank obtained in the step 1 to 835 ℃ by using a III type electric furnace, and performing 2 nd forging by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the forging ratio of the forging to the forging is 1.7, the forging time is 4min, water cooling is performed immediately after the forging, and the time for transferring the forged blank to a water cooling tank is 55s;
step 3: heating the blank obtained in the step 2 to 930 ℃ in an electric furnace by using a class III electric furnace for heat preservation, wherein the heat preservation coefficient is 1.0, and cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished;
step 4: heating the blank obtained in the step 3 to 835 ℃ by using a III-type electric furnace, and performing 3 rd forging by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the forging ratio of the firing is 1.9, the forging time is 6min, and then cooling to room temperature by air;
step 5: heating the blank obtained in the step 4 to 835 ℃ by using a class III electric furnace, and performing 4 th hot drawing forging by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the hot forging ratio is 1.7, the forging time is 5min, and air cooling to room temperature after forging;
step 6: heating the blank obtained in the step 5 to 835 ℃ by using a III type electric furnace, and performing 5 th hot drawing forging by using a 45MN rapid forging machine, wherein the hot forging ratio is 1.6, the forging time is 4min, and then air cooling to room temperature;
step 7: the blank obtained in step 6 was heated to 835℃using a class III electric furnace, and a 6 th forging was performed using a 45MN rapid forging machine, the forging ratio was 1.5, the forging time was 4min, the size after forging was ≡320×420×1300mm, the blank was air-cooled to room temperature after forging, and then subjected to double annealing according to the standard, and after machine addition was performed to ≡300×400×L mm finished products, and each physicochemical test was performed from the end samples, and the results compared with scheme one (prior art) were shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
Claims (2)
1. A low-cost high-quality preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging is characterized in that a titanium alloy cast ingot is subjected to cogging forging at 1100-1150 ℃ for the 1 st time, then is subjected to forging at T beta- (30-50) DEG C for the 2 nd time, immediately is subjected to water cooling after forging, then is heated to T beta+ (50-80) DEG C, is subjected to heat preservation, is cooled to room temperature, and finally is subjected to forging forming at T beta- (30-50) DEG C for the 3-5 times; the method is realized by the following steps:
step 1: heating the titanium alloy cast ingot to 1100-1150 ℃, and performing cogging forging at the 1 st firing time, wherein the total forging ratio of the cogging forging is controlled to be 4.0-6.0;
step 2: heating the blank obtained in the step 1 to Tbeta- (30-50) DEG C, performing 2 nd forging, controlling the forging ratio of the forging to be 1.5-3.0, and immediately cooling with water after forging;
step 3: heating the blank obtained in the step 2 to Tbeta+ (50-80) DEG C, carrying out heat preservation, controlling the heat preservation coefficient to be 0.8-1.2, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished to obtain a uniform beta structure with the grain size of 5-8 mm;
step 4: and (3) heating the blank obtained in the step (3) to Tbeta- (30-50) DEG C, performing 3-5 times of forging forming, and controlling the total forging ratio of the two-phase region to be 5.0-10.0 to obtain a finished product.
2. The method for producing high strength and toughness titanium alloy forgings with low cost and high quality according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the total forging time is not more than 8min, and the water-in time from the end of forging to the blank is not more than 1min.
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