CN111438317A - Preparation method for forging and forming high-strength high-toughness β -type titanium alloy forging - Google Patents
Preparation method for forging and forming high-strength high-toughness β -type titanium alloy forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN111438317A CN111438317A CN202010127484.1A CN202010127484A CN111438317A CN 111438317 A CN111438317 A CN 111438317A CN 202010127484 A CN202010127484 A CN 202010127484A CN 111438317 A CN111438317 A CN 111438317A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method for forging and forming a near β type titanium alloy forged piece with high strength and high toughness, which comprises the steps of cogging and forging in a first β phase region, quasi- β forging, upsetting, drawing and thermal deformation, static annealing heat treatment, repeated upsetting, drawing and thermal deformation, finish forging, forming, water-cooling quenching, and solution aging treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of non-ferrous metal processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method for forging and forming a high-strength high-toughness β -close type titanium alloy forging.
Background
The nearly β type high-strength high-toughness titanium alloy has the characteristics of both the α + β type titanium alloy and the β type titanium alloy, has high strength, good toughness, fatigue resistance, better toughness matching, no obvious component segregation during processing, good hardenability and wider hot processing process range, and is particularly suitable for being applied to aviation parts such as fuselage frames, landing gears, connecting devices of wings and hangers and the like which bear huge stress.
The current conventional preparation method for forming the near β type titanium alloy forging comprises the steps of cogging above the phase transition temperature, repeatedly upsetting and drawing blanks in a two-phase region for multiple fire times, and finally forging and forming below the phase transition temperature, but the process generally cannot effectively inhibit the influence of initial tissue inheritance on the shape of the secondary α phase, has poor process stability, is difficult to obtain 539 homogeneous fine ternary tissues, causes the near 2 type titanium alloy forging to have poor plasticity and low fracture toughness and fatigue resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of making up the defects of the prior art and provides a preparation method for forging and forming a high-strength high-toughness near β type titanium alloy forging with simple process, strong operability and stable product quality.
The technical problem of the invention can be solved by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method for forging and forming a titanium alloy forging with high strength and high toughness approximate to β type comprises the following steps:
(1) β phase region cogging forging:
heating the nearly β type titanium alloy cast ingot to 200-300 ℃ above the phase transition temperature of β, preserving heat for 8-12 hours, repeatedly upsetting and drawing for 3 times by adopting a quick forging machine, controlling the total forging ratio to be 2.5-4.5, cooling to room temperature in air after forging, and carrying out surface grinding treatment;
(2) quasi β upset-draw hot deformation:
heating the blank processed in the step (1) to 5-10 ℃ above the phase transformation temperature of β ℃, and carrying out radial forging on a precision forging machine, wherein the forging ratio is controlled to be 5-8, and the finish forging temperature is not lower than 50 ℃ below the phase transformation temperature;
(3) static annealing heat treatment:
directly returning the blank processed in the step (2) to a furnace for annealing heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 30-50 ℃ below the phase transition temperature of β, and the heat preservation time is 45-60 minutes;
(4) repeated upsetting-drawing thermal deformation of near β forging:
carrying out upsetting-drawing forging on the blank obtained by annealing treatment in the step (3) on a fast forging machine for 2-4 times, wherein the forging ratio of each time is 1.4-2, and carrying out remelting, heating and heat preservation in the forging process;
(5) finish forging forming water-cooling quenching:
closing the die and performing finish forging on the blank obtained in the step (4) below the phase transition temperature, heating the obtained formed forging to 10 ℃ below the phase transition temperature, discharging from the furnace and pre-cooling to 30 ℃ below the phase transition temperature, and cooling in water to room temperature;
(6) solid solution aging treatment:
and (5) cooling the formed forging in the step (5) for 4-6 hours, and then carrying out solid solution aging treatment to finally obtain a finished product of the titanium alloy forging.
Further, the near β type titanium alloy ingot casting material in the step (1) is one of Ti-55531, Ti-7333 and Ti-1023.
Further, the forging speed of the finish forging machine in the step (2) in the radial forging process is less than or equal to 20mm/s, and the total forging time is less than 20 minutes.
Further, the heating temperature of the remelting heating and heat preservation in the forging process in the step (4) is 30-50 ℃ below the phase transition temperature, and the heat preservation time is 60-90 minutes.
Further, the finish forging temperature of the finish forging in the step (5) is 10-30 ℃ below the transformation temperature.
Further, the die is preheated to 400 ℃ before the finish forging in the step (5), the die forging deformation is controlled to be 25-35%, and the die forging speed is 5 mm/s.
Further, the solution aging treatment method of the forging in the step (6) comprises the following steps: the solution treatment method is that the temperature is kept for 2 to 4 hours at the temperature of 30 to 50 ℃ below the phase transition temperature, and then the mixture is cooled to the room temperature in the air; the aging treatment method is to keep the temperature for 4 to 7.5 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃ and 300 ℃ below the phase transition temperature and then cool the mixture to the room temperature in the air.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a preparation method for forging and forming a near β type titanium alloy forging with high strength and high toughness, which fully utilizes a microstructure evolution mechanism under high-temperature deformation of a near β type titanium alloy, performs primary radial quasi β forging after cogging forging, can quickly break β matrix phase coarse grains, refines the grain size through a non-continuous dynamic recrystallization structure behavior, effectively inhibits the interference effect of initial structure inheritance on secondary β phase morphology in a subsequent processing process, is matched with static annealing heat treatment after radial quasi β forging deformation, can fully refine the grain size through a sub-dynamic recrystallization behavior, promotes the structure uniformity, eliminates the influence of a deformation texture on the subsequent forging process, fully refines the grain size through continuous dynamic recrystallization and β phase behavior in repeated upsetting β forging below a phase transition temperature, is heated and quenched on the upper part of a (β + β) area after final forging, uniformly precipitates martensite phases β' and α ″, obtains a ternary mechanical phase material formed by primary spheroidization α, fine sheet spheroidization α and fine solid solution transition β phase, and can realize uniform solid solution mechanical phase conversion of the near 8236.
The invention provides a preparation method for forging and forming a near β type titanium alloy forged piece with high strength and high toughness, wherein the forged near β type titanium alloy forged piece has good mechanical property, high strong plasticity matching and stable and controllable quality, and can meet the urgent requirements of manufacturing a high-performance near β type titanium alloy forged piece in an aviation titanium alloy bearing member.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure view of a forged part prepared according to the first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a forged part prepared according to the second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure diagram of a forged part prepared according to the third embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described below based on preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
1) adopting Ti-55531 near β type titanium alloy cast ingot with phi 220 specification, wherein the phase change temperature of the cast ingot is 845 ℃, adopting a resistance furnace to heat the cast ingot to 1100 ℃ above the phase change temperature of β, preserving heat for 8 hours, then adopting a 3500-tonnage rapid forging machine to repeatedly upset and draw for 3 times in a β phase region, controlling the final forging temperature to be not lower than 850 ℃, controlling the total forging ratio to be 2.5, cooling to room temperature in air after forging, and carrying out surface grinding treatment to obtain a forging blank, wherein the section diameter of the forging blank is 200-220 mm.
2) Heating the forged blank obtained in the step 1) to 855 ℃ by using a resistance furnace, preserving heat for 2 hours, and radially forging on a precision forging machine with 600 tonnages, wherein the hammering frequency of a hammer head of the precision forging machine is 1200 seconds/minute, the forging speed is 20mm/s, the total forging time is 15 minutes, the total forging ratio is 6, and the finish forging temperature is not less than 815 ℃.
3) Directly putting the forging stock treated in the step 2) into a resistance furnace, and carrying out annealing heat treatment at 805 ℃ for 45 minutes.
4) And (3) carrying out upsetting-drawing forging on the blank obtained by the treatment of the step 3) on a fast forging machine for 2 times, wherein the forging ratio of each time is 1.6. And carrying out furnace returning heating and heat preservation between the two-fire forging process, wherein the furnace returning heating temperature is 815 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 90 minutes.
5) Preheating the blank obtained by the free forging in the step 4) to 835 ℃, preserving the temperature for 2 hours, discharging the blank out of a furnace for die forging, and preheating a die to 400 ℃ before die forging. Controlling the die forging deformation amount to be 25-35%, controlling the die forging speed to be 5mm/s, controlling the final forging temperature to be not lower than 790 ℃, heating the obtained formed forging to 835 ℃, discharging from the furnace, precooling to be below the phase transition temperature 815 ℃, and cooling in water to room temperature.
6) Heating the forged piece obtained in the step 5) to 815 ℃ in a resistance furnace for solution treatment, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, cooling the forged piece to room temperature in the air, then carrying out aging treatment at 580 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5.5 hours, and cooling the forged piece to room temperature in the air to obtain the finished product of the titanium alloy forged piece.
Example one properties of the titanium alloy forging produced are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1:
example two:
1) adopting Ti-7333 nearly β type titanium alloy cast ingot with phi 220 specification, wherein the phase transition temperature of the cast ingot is 855 ℃, heating the cast ingot to 1150 ℃ above the phase transition temperature of β by using a resistance furnace, preserving heat for 8 hours, then repeatedly upsetting-drawing 3 times in a β phase region by using a 3500-tonnage rapid forging machine, controlling the final forging temperature to be not lower than 860 ℃, controlling the total forging ratio to be 2.5, cooling to room temperature in air after forging, and carrying out surface grinding treatment to obtain a forging blank, wherein the section diameter of the forging blank is 220-250 mm.
2) Heating the forging stock obtained in the step 1) to 865 ℃ by adopting a resistance furnace, preserving heat for 2 hours, and radially forging on a 600-tonnage precision forging machine, wherein the hammering frequency of a hammer head of the precision forging machine is 1200 seconds/minute, the forging speed is 20mm/s, the total forging time is 15 minutes, the total forging ratio is 6, and the final forging temperature is not less than 825 ℃.
3) Directly putting the forging stock treated in the step 2) into a resistance furnace, and carrying out annealing heat treatment at 820 ℃ for 45 minutes.
4) And (3) carrying out upsetting-drawing forging on the blank obtained by the treatment of the step 3) on a fast forging machine for 2 times, wherein the forging ratio of each time is 1.6. And performing remelting heating and heat preservation in the middle of the two-fire forging process, wherein the remelting heating temperature is 820 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 90 minutes.
5) Preheating the blank obtained by the free forging in the step 4) to 845 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, discharging from a furnace for die forging, and preheating a die to 400 ℃ before die forging. Controlling the die forging deformation amount to be 25-35%, controlling the die forging speed to be 5mm/s, controlling the final forging temperature to be not lower than 805 ℃, heating the obtained formed forge piece to 845 ℃, discharging from the furnace, precooling to be 825 ℃ below the phase transition temperature, and cooling in water to room temperature.
6) Heating the forged piece obtained in the step 5) to 820 ℃ in a resistance furnace for solution treatment, carrying out heat preservation for 3 hours, then cooling in the air to room temperature, then carrying out aging treatment at 560 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 5.5 hours, and then cooling in the air to room temperature to obtain the finished product of the titanium alloy forged piece.
The properties of the titanium alloy forging produced in example two are shown in table 2 below.
Table 2:
example three:
1) adopting Ti-1023 approximate β type titanium alloy cast ingot with phi 260 specification, heating the cast ingot to 1050 ℃ above the β phase transition temperature by using a resistance furnace, preserving heat for 10 hours, then repeatedly upsetting-drawing 3 times in β phase region by using a 3500-tonnage rapid forging machine, controlling the final forging temperature to be not lower than 805 ℃, controlling the total forging ratio to be 4.5, cooling to room temperature in air after forging, and carrying out surface grinding treatment to obtain a forging blank, wherein the section diameter of the forging blank is 240-270 mm.
2) Heating the forging stock obtained in the step 1) to 815 ℃ by adopting a resistance furnace, preserving heat for 2 hours, and radially forging on a precision forging machine with 600 tonnages, wherein the hammering frequency of a hammer head of the precision forging machine is 1200 seconds/minute, the forging speed is 25mm/s, the total forging time is 12 minutes, the total forging ratio is 8, and the final forging temperature is not less than 785 ℃.
3) Directly putting the forging stock treated in the step 2) into a resistance furnace, and carrying out annealing heat treatment at 775 ℃ for 60 minutes.
4) And (4) carrying out upsetting forging on the blank obtained by the treatment of the step (3) for 2 times on a quick forging machine, wherein the forging ratio of each time is 2. And performing furnace returning heating and heat preservation in the middle of the two-fire forging process, wherein the furnace returning heating temperature is 775 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 75 minutes.
5) Preheating the blank obtained by the free forging in the step 4) to 795 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, discharging from a furnace for die forging, and preheating a die to 400 ℃ before die forging. Controlling the die forging deformation amount to be 25-35%, controlling the die forging speed to be 5mm/s, controlling the final forging temperature to be not lower than 775 ℃, heating the obtained formed forging to be 795 ℃, discharging from a furnace, pre-cooling to be lower than the phase transition temperature to be 775 ℃, and cooling in water to be room temperature.
6) Heating the forging in the step 5) to 755 ℃ in a resistance furnace for solution treatment, preserving heat for 2.5 hours, cooling in the air to room temperature, then carrying out aging treatment at 600 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, and cooling in the air to room temperature to obtain the finished product of the titanium alloy forging.
The properties of the titanium alloy forging produced in example three are shown in table 3 below.
Table 3:
while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended to claim all such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method for forging and forming a β -type titanium alloy forging with high strength and high toughness is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) β phase region cogging forging:
heating the nearly β type titanium alloy cast ingot to 200-300 ℃ above the phase transition temperature of β, preserving heat for 8-12 hours, repeatedly upsetting and drawing for 3 times by adopting a quick forging machine, controlling the total forging ratio to be 2.5-4.5, cooling to room temperature in air after forging, and carrying out surface grinding treatment;
(2) quasi β upset-draw hot deformation:
heating the blank processed in the step (1) to 5-10 ℃ above the phase transformation temperature of β ℃, and carrying out radial forging on a precision forging machine, wherein the forging ratio is controlled to be 5-8, and the finish forging temperature is not lower than 50 ℃ below the phase transformation temperature;
(3) static annealing heat treatment:
directly returning the blank processed in the step (2) to a furnace for annealing heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 30-50 ℃ below the phase transition temperature of β, and the heat preservation time is 45-60 minutes;
(4) repeated upsetting-drawing thermal deformation of near β forging:
carrying out upsetting-drawing forging on the blank obtained by annealing treatment in the step (3) on a fast forging machine for 2-4 times, wherein the forging ratio of each time is 1.4-2, and carrying out remelting, heating and heat preservation in the forging process;
(5) finish forging forming water-cooling quenching:
closing the die and performing finish forging on the blank obtained in the step (4) below the phase transition temperature, heating the obtained formed forging to 10 ℃ below the phase transition temperature, discharging from the furnace and pre-cooling to 30 ℃ below the phase transition temperature, and cooling in water to room temperature;
(6) solid solution aging treatment:
and (5) cooling the formed forging in the step (5) for 4-6 hours, and then carrying out solid solution aging treatment to finally obtain a finished product of the titanium alloy forging.
2. The method for preparing the titanium alloy forging with high strength and toughness near β type according to claim 1, wherein the near β type titanium alloy ingot casting material in step (1) is one of Ti-55531, Ti-7333 and Ti-1023.
3. The method for preparing the titanium alloy forging with high strength and toughness near β type according to claim 1, wherein the forging speed of the radial forging process of the finish forging machine in step (2) is less than or equal to 20mm/s, and the total forging time is less than 20 minutes.
4. The method for preparing the titanium alloy forging with high strength and high toughness approximate to β type according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature for remelting, heating and heat preservation in the forging process in step (4) is 30-50 ℃ below the phase transition temperature, and the heat preservation time is 60-90 minutes.
5. The method for preparing the titanium alloy forging with high strength and high toughness approximate to β type according to claim 1, wherein the finish forging temperature of the finish forging in the step (5) is 10-30 ℃ below the phase transformation temperature.
6. The method for preparing the titanium alloy forging with high strength and high toughness approximate to β type according to claim 1, wherein the die is preheated to 400 ℃ before finish forging in step (5), the die forging deformation is controlled to be 25-35%, and the die forging speed is 5 mm/s.
7. The method for preparing the forged piece of the titanium alloy with high strength and high toughness near β type according to claim 1, wherein the solution treatment method of the forged piece in step (6) comprises the steps of keeping the temperature below the phase transition temperature by 30-50 ℃ for 2-4 hours, then cooling the forged piece in air to room temperature, and keeping the temperature below the phase transition temperature by 200-300 ℃ for 4-7.5 hours, then cooling the forged piece in air to room temperature.
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| CN112355214A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-12 | 湖南金天钛业科技有限公司 | Preparation method of large-size forging for heavy rocket binding support |
| CN112642976A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-13 | 太原理工大学 | Two-stage non-isothermal forging method for controlling titanium alloy beta forging texture |
| CN112899526A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-04 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Alpha + beta type two-phase titanium alloy for fan blade of aero-engine and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112642976B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-10-04 | 太原理工大学 | Two-stage non-isothermal forging method for controlling titanium alloy beta forging texture |
| CN112899526A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-04 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Alpha + beta type two-phase titanium alloy for fan blade of aero-engine and preparation method thereof |
| CN112899526B (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2022-04-29 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Alpha + beta type two-phase titanium alloy for fan blade of aero-engine and preparation method thereof |
| CN112974700A (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2021-06-18 | 西北工业大学 | Forming method for realizing grain refining of near-beta type titanium alloy thin-wall structural member structure |
| CN112974700B (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2022-07-26 | 西北工业大学 | Forming method for realizing grain refining of near-beta type titanium alloy thin-wall structural member structure |
| CN114769477A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-07-22 | 湖南金天钛业科技有限公司 | Low-cost high-quality preparation method of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging |
| CN114769477B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2023-08-18 | 湖南湘投金天钛业科技股份有限公司 | Low-cost high-quality preparation method of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy forging |
| CN115058673A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-09-16 | 湖南金天钛业科技有限公司 | Heat treatment method for regulating and controlling mechanical property matching and consistency of TC11 titanium alloy |
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