CN113787129B - Preparation method for improving comprehensive mechanical property of hard aluminum alloy sheet metal part - Google Patents
Preparation method for improving comprehensive mechanical property of hard aluminum alloy sheet metal part Download PDFInfo
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- CN113787129B CN113787129B CN202110961018.8A CN202110961018A CN113787129B CN 113787129 B CN113787129 B CN 113787129B CN 202110961018 A CN202110961018 A CN 202110961018A CN 113787129 B CN113787129 B CN 113787129B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
A preparation method for improving the comprehensive mechanical property of a hard aluminum alloy sheet metal part is characterized in that a sheet metal part semi-finished product is formed at normal temperature, the semi-finished product contains a supplement surface and a flange edge which are larger than the theoretical outline of the sheet metal part, and the surface of the semi-finished product is strengthened by cold machining; heating the semi-finished product after cold machining strengthening, and then carrying out thick extrusion on the semi-finished product in a hot state by adopting matched male die and female die; heating and solid dissolving the extruded semi-finished product, and then quenching and cooling; cutting the cooled semi-finished product according to the theoretical profile of the sheet metal part to obtain a finished sheet metal part; and (4) performing hot soft shaping on the finished sheet metal part.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a sheet metal manufacturing technology in the field of aircraft manufacturing, in particular to a preparation method suitable for improving comprehensive mechanical properties of a hard aluminum alloy sheet metal part.
Background
The hard aluminum alloy is the most widely used material for the sheet metal parts of the aircraft, and the hard aluminum alloy such as the domestic brand No. 2A12, the foreign brand No. 2024 and the like has the advantages of light weight, high strength, fatigue resistance, excellent plastic processing manufacturability, remarkable heat treatment strengthening effect and the like. The high-strength and high-plasticity duralumin alloy sheet metal part can greatly reduce the weight of the airplane, reduce the oil consumption and prolong the service life; therefore, the improvement of the comprehensive mechanical property of the hard aluminum alloy sheet metal part is very important for the economic and safe technical indexes of the airplane.
As is known, the conventional preparation methods of the aluminum alloy sheet metal part materials in China and China mainly comprise cold work hardening, shot peening strengthening, annealing and refining structures, quenching phase change strengthening and the like. The preparation methods all have the problem that the strength and plasticity index improvement are mutually contradictory, so that the strength or plasticity index of the material can be improved only by one method. In particular, hard aluminum sheet metal parts are generally directly heated to about 500 ℃ after deformation, quenched and rapidly cooled to improve the strength index. The main drawbacks are as follows: 1) the material tissue is easy to be over-burnt or form coarse-grained tissue after the material tissue stays at the high temperature of 500 ℃; 2) the sensitive temperature range of precipitation of the main strengthening phase Al2CuMg of the hard aluminum alloy is 300-400 ℃, and the excessive cooling speed is not beneficial to the full generation of the main strengthening phase Al2CuMg and causes deformation and even cracking of thin-wall sheet metal parts; therefore, the existing preparation technology has the defects that the strength and plasticity indexes are not fully exerted or the strength and plasticity index improvement are contradictory to each other.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to fully improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the hard aluminum alloy sheet metal part in the final use state and overcome the defects of over-burning of the structure, coarse grains, insufficient precipitation of a strengthening phase and the like in the prior art, the application aims to provide the preparation method for improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the hard aluminum alloy sheet metal part. Through the combination of full utilization of deformation, phase change and fine grain strengthening and toughening, the dual promotion of the strength and the plasticity index of the metal plate part in the use state is realized, and the comprehensive mechanical property index is remarkably promoted.
A preparation method for improving the comprehensive mechanical property of a hard aluminum alloy sheet metal part is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) forming a semi-finished product of the sheet metal part at normal temperature, wherein the semi-finished product contains a supplement surface and a flange edge which are larger than the theoretical outline of the sheet metal part, and cold machining and strengthening the surface of the semi-finished product; 2) heating the semi-finished product after cold machining strengthening, and then carrying out thick extrusion on the semi-finished product in a hot state by adopting matched male die and female die; 3) heating and solid dissolving the extruded semi-finished product, and then quenching and cooling; 4) cutting the cooled semi-finished product according to the theoretical profile of the sheet metal part to obtain a finished sheet metal part; 5) and performing hot soft shaping on the sheet metal part finished product.
Further, in the step 1), the surface of the semi-finished product is subjected to cold processing strengthening by adopting a metal shot peening process.
Further, in step 2), the semi-finished product is heated to 400 +/-10 ℃ and is subjected to thick extrusion in a hot state.
Further, in the step 2), before the semi-finished product is heated, the variable-thickness fire-resistant paint is coated on the outer surface of the semi-finished product, the thickness of the fire-resistant paint is gradually reduced from the supplement surface of the semi-finished product to the inner paint, and the variable-thickness fire-resistant paint coated on the outer surface of the semi-finished product is removed after the semi-finished product is cooled.
Further, in the step 3), when the semi-finished product is heated and solid-dissolved, the semi-finished product is preheated at the temperature of 350 +/-10 ℃ and then is subjected to heat preservation in a 494 +/-5 ℃ salt furnace.
Further, in the step 3), when the semi-finished product is quenched and cooled, the semi-finished product is firstly transferred from the ambient temperature of 494 +/-5 ℃ to the ambient temperature of 200 +/-10 ℃ in the salt furnace for pre-cooling, and then the pre-cooled semi-finished product is transferred to room-temperature water for cooling.
Further, in the step 5), before the hot soft shaping of the sheet metal part finished product, coating refractory paint with equal thickness on the outer surface of the sheet metal part finished product, then placing the sheet metal part finished product between a male die and a female die, and heating the sheet metal part finished product, the male die and the female die together to 220 +/-10 ℃ for hot soft shaping.
The beneficial effect of this application is:
1) according to the method, the material structure is in a high-energy state through deformation energy storage, so that recrystallization at a lower temperature before extrusion in a hot state is facilitated, the recrystallization nucleation rate of the structure is accelerated, and the refinement of the grain structure is facilitated;
2) according to the method, the hot state is applied to extrusion along the thickness direction, so that the dynamic recrystallization of the tissue is facilitated, the grains are refined again, the healing deformation generates micro cracks, and the tissue density of the material is improved.
3) According to the method, the semi-finished product is preheated, the heating efficiency of the quenching salt furnace can be greatly improved, the waiting time of high temperature before being close to 494 ℃ is reduced, and the coarse structure is avoided;
4) the semi-finished product is transferred from a quenching salt furnace with the high temperature of 494 +/-5 ℃ to a low-temperature salt furnace with the temperature of 200 +/-10 ℃; not only can prolong the precipitation time of the strengthening phase Al2CuMg, but also can reduce the deformation of the rapid cooling;
5) according to the application, the soft shaping is carried out at 220 +/-10 ℃, the deformation tissue is easily reserved by low-temperature thermal deformation, and the effects of phase change, deformation and fine grain composite reinforcement are fully utilized.
The present application is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a typical duralumin sheet metal part suitable for use in the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a semi-finished product of a duralumin alloy sheet metal part according to the present application.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of the semi-finished product of the hard aluminum alloy sheet metal part coated with the thickening refractory paint.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of the refractory paint coated on a finished product of a duralumin alloy sheet metal part.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of hot-state thickness extrusion of a semi-finished product of a duralumin alloy sheet metal part.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of shaping the finished product of the duralumin alloy sheet metal part in the thermal state.
The numbering in the figures illustrates: 1. sheet metal parts, 2, semi-finished products, 3, theoretical profile, 4, supplement surfaces, 5, flange edges, 6, outer surfaces, 7, variable-thickness fire-resistant paint, 8, equal-thickness fire-resistant paint, 9, male dies, 10, female dies and 11, finished products.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the duralumin alloy sheet metal part according to the present application, as shown in fig. 1, is a hemispherical thin-walled structure, and in order to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the duralumin alloy sheet metal part, according to the invention scheme of the present application, the sheet metal part 1 in fig. 1 is taken as an example, and the preparation process thereof is as follows:
step 1) forming a semi-finished product 2 of a sheet metal part 1 with a conventional thickness of 2.0mm at normal temperature, wherein the semi-finished product 2 comprises a supplement surface 4 and a flange edge 5 which are larger than a theoretical outline 3 of the sheet metal part 1, and performing cold machining strengthening on the surface of the semi-finished product 2 to enable a material structure to be in a high-energy state. Two additional points need to be explained: firstly, the surface cold processing strengthening of the semi-finished product 2 can adopt the processes of drop hammer impact, hammer knocking, metal shot blasting and the like, and the metal shot blasting process method is optimized for achieving better surface strengthening energy storage effect; and secondly, the higher the material structure energy after deformation energy storage is, the more easily the material structure is annealed and refined at low temperature.
And 2) heating the semi-finished product 2 after cold machining strengthening, and then closing the matched male die 9 and the female die 10 to perform thick extrusion on the semi-finished product 2 in a hot state. The operation method comprises the following steps: before the semi-finished product is heated, coating variable-thickness fire-resistant paint 7 on the outer surface 6 of the semi-finished product 2; heating the semi-finished product 2 to 400 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 60 +/-20 minutes, and performing thick extrusion in a hot state to dynamically recrystallize and refine grains; and finally, cooling the semi-finished product 2 at room temperature, removing the variable-thickness fire-resistant paint 7 coated on the outer surface 6, and finishing the annealing preparation process of the hot-state extrusion dynamic recrystallization refined grains.
Three additional points need to be explained: firstly, the painting thickness is gradually reduced from outside to inside, the painting thickness of the supplementary surface 4 is about 0.2 times of the material thickness, and the painting thickness of the part area is about 0.1 times of the material thickness; the purpose is that when the die is closed, the male die 9 and the female die 10 can seal materials in the supplementary surface 4 area to avoid the softening and outflow of metal, and the overall thickness direction extrusion effect is improved under the combined action of the paint layer and the die. Secondly, the metal is softened in a hot state, the volume of the metal and the paint layer is expanded, and the thick extrusion can heal cold deformation or micro cracks of raw materials, can break coarse crystal tissues, obviously refines crystal grains and improves the density. Thirdly, the male die 9 and the female die 10 are at room temperature during the thickness direction extrusion, thus improving the supercooling degree and accelerating the recrystallization nucleation rate during the annealing preparation process and being beneficial to refining crystal grains.
And 3) heating and solid dissolving the extruded semi-finished product 2, and quenching and cooling. When heating and solid dissolving, the semi-finished product 2 is preheated at 350 +/-10 ℃, and then is kept warm in a 494 +/-5 ℃ salt furnace, so that the strengthening alloy elements are dissolved. During quenching and cooling, the semi-finished product 2 is transferred from the ambient temperature of 494 +/-5 ℃ to the ambient temperature of 200 +/-10 ℃ in a salt furnace for pre-cooling, and then the pre-cooled semi-finished product 2 is transferred to room temperature water for cooling.
Three additional points need to be explained: firstly, the solid solution is heated and preheated at 350 +/-10 ℃, and one of the purposes is to shorten the temperature rise and heat preservation time of 494 +/-5 ℃ after the salt furnace is put into the furnace, and reduce the defects of coarse grain structure, oxidation and the like. Secondly, the heating and solid solution are carried out at 350 +/-10 ℃ for preheating, and the second purpose is to avoid the growth of crystal grains, and the temperature is at the lower limit of the recrystallization temperature, so that the preheating can be fully carried out and the growth of a preheating structure is reduced. Thirdly, pre-cooling in a salt furnace at 200 +/-10 ℃ for 3-5 minutes during quenching and cooling, so as to prolong the time of the precipitation sensitive temperature range of the main strengthening phase Al2CuMg at 300-400 ℃, and increase the quantity of the main strengthening phase Al2CuMg to further improve the strengthening effect.
And 4) cutting the cooled semi-finished product 2 according to the theoretical contour 3 of the sheet metal part 1 to remove the supplementary surface 4 and the flange edge 5, so as to obtain a finished product 11 of the sheet metal part 1.
And 5) performing hot soft shaping on the finished product 11 of the sheet metal part 1. The operation method comprises the following steps: before the hot soft shaping of the finished product 11 of the sheet metal part 1, coating 0.2 time of refractory paint 8 with the same thickness as the material thickness on the outer surface 6 of the finished product 11 of the sheet metal part, heating the finished product 11 of the sheet metal part together with a male die 9 and a female die 10 to 220 +/-10 ℃, closing the dies, and carrying out hot soft shaping, and keeping the pressure for 3-5 minutes.
It should be added that: firstly, in order to further improve the thickness direction extrusion deformation strengthening effect, the thickness of the refractory paint 8 with the same thickness coated on the outer surface 6 of the semi-finished product 2 is thicker, and is about 0.2 time of the thickness of the plate. And secondly, the shaping temperature is 220 +/-10 ℃, the age hardening is substantially accelerated by heating at low temperature, and meanwhile, the deformation structure is easily reserved by low-temperature hot extrusion, so that the secondary strengthening effect is improved.
Therefore, the sheet metal part 1 prepared in the steps 1) to 5) has the advantages that the grains are obviously refined and the plasticity index is improved mainly through the hot-state thickness direction extrusion, meanwhile, the quantity of the main strengthening phase Al2CuMg is increased through quenching and pre-cooling, the phase change strengthening effect is improved, and the deformed structure is retained for strengthening again through low-temperature thermal shaping. The combination of deformation, phase change and grain refining and toughening is fully utilized, the dual promotion of the strength or plasticity indexes of the metal plate part 1 in the use state is realized, and the comprehensive mechanical property indexes are remarkably promoted.
The application needs to supplement two aspects: firstly, the method is preferentially suitable for the sheet metal parts made of the second-series hard aluminum alloy (domestic brand No. 2A12 and foreign brand No. 2024), the purpose of improving the comprehensive mechanical property can be achieved by adopting a part of schemes of the fifth-series aluminum alloy to properly change parameters, and the purpose of improving the comprehensive mechanical property can be achieved by adjusting the parameters such as temperature, time and the like of the seventh-series aluminum alloy; therefore, the disclosure of the present application is not limited to the disclosure of the specification, and other similar methods for improving the comprehensive mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy should belong to the application range of the present application. Secondly, the heat treatment strengthening effect of the thin-wall structural part in the field is closely related to heating, cooling modes, material wall thickness and the like, and particularly the relationship between the wall thickness and the heat preservation time is the most close, so that the improvement of the comprehensive mechanical property is realized according to partial parameters of product adjustment when similar material engineering is applied, and the application range also belongs to the application range of the application.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method for improving the comprehensive mechanical property of a hard aluminum alloy sheet metal part is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) forming a semi-finished product of the sheet metal part at normal temperature, wherein the semi-finished product contains a supplement surface and a flange edge which are larger than the theoretical outline of the sheet metal part, and performing cold machining strengthening on the surface of the semi-finished product; 2) heating the semi-finished product subjected to cold machining strengthening to a hot state of 400 +/-10 ℃, and then performing thick extrusion on the semi-finished product in the hot state by adopting matched male die and female die; 3) heating and solid dissolving the extruded semi-finished product, and then quenching and cooling; 4) cutting the cooled semi-finished product according to the theoretical profile of the sheet metal part to obtain a finished sheet metal part; 5) and performing hot soft shaping on the sheet metal part finished product.
2. The preparation method for improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the duralumin alloy sheet metal part according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the surface of the semi-finished product is subjected to cold processing strengthening by a metal shot peening process.
3. The preparation method for improving the comprehensive mechanical properties of the duralumin alloy sheet metal part according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), before the semi-finished product is heated, the outer surface of the semi-finished product is coated with the variable-thickness fire-resistant paint, the thickness of the fire-resistant paint is gradually reduced from the supplement surface of the semi-finished product to the inner paint, and the variable-thickness fire-resistant paint coated on the outer surface of the semi-finished product is removed after the semi-finished product is cooled.
4. The preparation method for improving the comprehensive mechanical properties of the duralumin alloy sheet metal part as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3), when the semi-finished product is heated and dissolved, the semi-finished product is preheated at 350 ± 10 ℃ and then is subjected to heat preservation in a 494 ± 5 ℃ salt furnace.
5. The preparation method for improving the comprehensive mechanical properties of the duralumin alloy sheet metal part according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), when the semi-finished product is quenched and cooled, the semi-finished product is pre-cooled by transferring from 494 +/-5 ℃ of ambient temperature of a salt furnace to 200 +/-10 ℃ of ambient temperature of the salt furnace, and then the pre-cooled semi-finished product is transferred to room temperature water for cooling.
6. The preparation method for improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the duralumin alloy sheet metal part as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5), before the hot soft shaping of the sheet metal part finished product, the outer surface of the sheet metal part finished product is coated with refractory paint with the same thickness, then the sheet metal part finished product is placed between a male die and a female die, and the sheet metal part finished product, the male die and the female die are heated to 220 +/-10 ℃ for hot soft shaping.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105886728A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-08-24 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | Method for improving mechanical surface strengthening effect |
| CN108380722A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-08-10 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of hot press-formed method of lightweight car body of aluminum alloy component |
| CN108754121A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-06 | 江苏大学 | A kind of devices and methods therefor that hole wall laser peening Compound Extrusion is strengthened |
| CN109821951A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-05-31 | 苏州普热斯勒先进成型技术有限公司 | A kind of preparation method and device of corrosion-resistant drop stamping part |
| CN111098100A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-05 | 西安正航机械有限公司 | Aluminum alloy diving board and preparation method thereof |
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- 2021-08-20 CN CN202110961018.8A patent/CN113787129B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105886728A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-08-24 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | Method for improving mechanical surface strengthening effect |
| CN108380722A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-08-10 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of hot press-formed method of lightweight car body of aluminum alloy component |
| CN108754121A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-06 | 江苏大学 | A kind of devices and methods therefor that hole wall laser peening Compound Extrusion is strengthened |
| CN109821951A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-05-31 | 苏州普热斯勒先进成型技术有限公司 | A kind of preparation method and device of corrosion-resistant drop stamping part |
| CN111098100A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-05 | 西安正航机械有限公司 | Aluminum alloy diving board and preparation method thereof |
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