CN105886728A - Method for improving mechanical surface strengthening effect - Google Patents
Method for improving mechanical surface strengthening effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN105886728A CN105886728A CN201610291120.0A CN201610291120A CN105886728A CN 105886728 A CN105886728 A CN 105886728A CN 201610291120 A CN201610291120 A CN 201610291120A CN 105886728 A CN105886728 A CN 105886728A
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- mechanical enhancement
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
- C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2261/00—Machining or cutting being involved
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metal strengthening, in particular to a method for improving the mechanical surface strengthening effect. According to the method, before mechanical surface strengthening treatment is conducted, a certain surface structure is machined on the surface of a treated metal material. The method for improving the mechanical surface strengthening effect includes the steps that the surface structure is machined before mechanical surface strengthening treatment is conducted, a larger and deeper residual compressive stress layer can be generated on the treated surface through mechanical surface strengthening treatment; residual compressive stress with preset directivity can be generated on the treated surface through mechanical surface strengthening treatment; the residual compressive stress value of the topmost surface is increased, so that the mechanical surface strengthening effect is further enhanced; and the treated surface layer is more likely to generate severe plastic deformation and grain refinement, and an ultra-fine grain or a nanocrystal surface layer material is prepared conveniently.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal strengthening technical field, improve surface machinery in particular to one strong
The method changing effect.
Background technology
Common surface mechanical enhancement technology, such as shot peening strengthening, finish rolling hardening, cold extrusion strengthening, swashs
Light shock peening and ultrasonic impact strengthening etc. are widely used in engineering reality.These methods are with table
The mode of face plastic deformation introduces residual compressive stress on metal material top layer, makes material surface produce simultaneously
Crystal grain refinement, processing hardening, and change the crystallographic texture of skin-material, reached by these effects
Improve part fatigue crack-resistant performance, anti-stress corrosion performance and the purpose of wearability.Carrying out surface
Before mechanical enhancer processes, it is desirable to there is alap roughness on processed surface, typically should be not more than
Ra 3.2, in most cases may require that surface roughness is not more than Ra 1.6, even Ra 0.6.
Above surface mechanical enhancement technology has a following common feature:
One, being deformed by Hertz contact and limited, the degree of depth of the strengthening layer that can be generated by is less, as high-strength
The shot peening strengthening general maximum crushing stress degree of depth of steel is about 0.3mm.
Two, maximum residual stress is typically not in most surface, but at the subsurface of certain depth,
But fatigue crack often results from material surface.
Three, residual stress produced by standard machinery surface peening is each in the plane parallel with surface
To the same sex, but the working stress of actual parts and structure typically has directivity.
Four, due to the three-dimensional compressive stress effect of Hertz contact so that based on severe plastic deformation mechanism
Crystal grain refinement difficulty.
The strengthening effect that above feature makes general surface mechanical enhancer technology to reach is restricted, no
The potential of processed material can be given full play to.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the method improving surface mechanical enhancement effect, to solve existing skill
Technical problem present in art.
Provide a kind of method improving surface mechanical enhancement effect, the party in an embodiment of the present invention
Before method is for implementing surface mechanical enhancement process, certain in the surface preparation of metal to be treated material
Surface texture.
Further, described surface texture be have certain orientation and arrangement mode Z-Correct bump mapping Z-correct and
Pattern, or the Z-Correct bump mapping Z-correct of isotropism, random distribution and pattern.
Further, described Z-Correct bump mapping Z-correct and pattern are the waveform with peak valley difference in height and wavelength.
Further, the peak valley difference in height of described waveform is 1～80 micron.
Further, the wavelength of described waveform is 3～500 microns.
Further, described waveform be sinusoidal or cosine wave, sawtooth waveforms, inverted trapezoidal ripple, trapezoid ripple,
Double-trapezoidal wave, inverted arc type ripple and/or positive camber ripple.
Further, there is certain orientation and the described Z-Correct bump mapping Z-correct of arrangement mode and pattern for being flat
The straight ripple of row or parallel Qu Bowen.
Further, described Z-Correct bump mapping Z-correct and the pattern of random distribution is surface micro-bulge or surface miniature carving
Trace.
Further, the mode that follow-up surface mechanical enhancement processes be shot peening strengthening, finish rolling hardening,
Ultrasonic impact strengthening, cold extrusion are strengthened and/or laser impact intensified.
Further, the processing mode of described surface texture is machining, blasting treatment, electric wire
Brush, Laser Processing and/or Ultrasonic machining.
The method improving surface mechanical enhancement effect that the present invention provides, is being carried out at surface mechanical enhancement
Certain surface texture is first processed so that using surface mechanical enhancement to process can be at processed table before reason
Face produces bigger and deeper residual compressive stress layer；Make to use surface mechanical enhancement to process can located
Reason surface produces the residual compressive stress with preset direction；Increase the residual compressive stress value of most surface,
Thus strengthen the effect of mechanical surface strengthening further；Make processed top layer more be easily generated violent plasticity to become
Shape and crystal grain refinement, conveniently prepare Ultra-fine Grained or nanocrystalline skin-material.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the specific embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, under
The accompanying drawing used required in detailed description of the invention or description of the prior art will be briefly described by face,
It should be evident that the accompanying drawing in describing below is some embodiments of the present invention, general for this area
From the point of view of logical technical staff, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain according to these accompanying drawings
Obtain other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the straight parallel corrugated surface structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the parallel bent corrugated surface structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the surface micro-bulge surface texture schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that the surface micro-indentation surface texture of the present invention is intended to；
Fig. 5 is surface texture and surface mechanical enhancement tool heads or pill contact-impact and produces plasticity change
The schematic diagram of shape；
Fig. 6 is residual stress distribution curve synoptic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the section wave sigmoid curves schematic diagram of surface texture.
Reference:
Wherein, 1: processed part or structure；2: surface texture；3: wavy curve；4: crest；
5: trough；6: surface texture is horizontal；7: surface texture is longitudinally；8: surface mechanical enhancement tool heads
Or pill；9: plastic deformation；10: the material surface of preparation of surfaces structure is through surface mechanical enhancement
The residual compressive stress curve produced after process；11: the material surface of green surface structure is through surface
The residual compressive stress curve that mechanical enhancer produces after processing；12: residual compressive stress face value；13: residual
Remaining maximum compressive；14: Valley Depth is poor；15: wavelength；16: waveform top rake；17: ripple
Shape back rake angle；18: sin/cos ripple；19: sawtooth waveforms；20: inverted trapezoidal ripple；21: trapezoid ripple；
22: double-trapezoidal wave；23: inverted arc type ripple；24: positive camber ripple.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme is clearly and completely described, it is clear that
Described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on this
Embodiment in bright, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise
Every other embodiment, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that term " " center ", " on ", D score, " left ",
Orientation or the position relationship of the instruction such as " right ", " vertically ", " level ", " interior ", " outward " are based on attached
Orientation shown in figure or position relationship, be for only for ease of description the present invention and simplify describe rather than
Instruction or the hint device of indication or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and
Operation, is therefore not considered as limiting the invention.
Additionally, term " first ", " second ", " the 3rd " are only used for describing purpose, and it is not understood that
For instruction or hint relative importance.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, art
Language " is installed ", " being connected ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, and connects, also for example, it may be fixing
Can be to removably connect, or be integrally connected；Can be to be mechanically connected, it is also possible to be electrical connection；
Can be to be joined directly together, it is also possible to be indirectly connected to by intermediary, can be two element internals
Connection.For the ordinary skill in the art, can understand that above-mentioned term is at this with concrete condition
Concrete meaning in invention.
The technical scheme is that before implementing surface mechanical enhancement process, at metal to be treated material
The surface preparation of material has certain orientation and arrangement mode or isotropism, the surface of random distribution
Structure 2, in surface mechanical enhancement subsequently, the surface texture of these preprocessings will alleviate Hertz contact three
To compressive stress, increase shear stress and shearing strain, make processed skin-material more be easily generated plastic deformation,
Thus produce bigger residual compressive stress, make maximum residual stress closer to surface, it is easier to because of play
Strong plastic deformation produces Ultra-fine Grained or nanocrystalline.
Above-mentioned surface texture 2 is to have certain orientation and the Z-Correct bump mapping Z-correct of arrangement mode and pattern, or
Isotropism, the Z-Correct bump mapping Z-correct of random distribution and pattern.Above-mentioned surface texture 2 has four kinds of ways of realization.
Wherein, the first is straight parallel corrugated surface structure, as shown in Figure 1.The second is parallel Qu Bowen
Surface texture, as shown in Figure 2.The third is surface micro-bulge surface texture, as shown in Figure 3.The
Four kinds is surface micro-indentation surface texture, as shown in Figure 4.
Above-mentioned Z-Correct bump mapping Z-correct and pattern are to have Valley Depth to differ from 14 and the waveform of wavelength 15.Peak valley is high
Degree difference is between 1～80 micron, and wavelength is between 3～500 microns.This waveform can be sinusoidal/remaining
String ripple 18, sawtooth waveforms 19, inverted trapezoidal ripple 20, trapezoid ripple 21, double-trapezoidal wave 22, inverted arc type ripple
23 and positive camber ripple 24, but it is not limited to above-mentioned waveform.
Above-mentioned surface micro-bulge surface texture and the Z-Correct bump mapping Z-correct of surface micro-indentation surface texture and pattern exist
Arrange and random distribution in isotropism on material surface.
Above-mentioned straight parallel ripple can make surface mechanical enhancement be produced with the surface texture 2 of parallel Qu Bowen
Plastic deformation there is the directivity relevant to surface texture 2, so that surface compress residual stresses has
The directivity preset.In surface texture longitudinally 7 residual compressive stress produced more than at surface texture horizontal 6
Produced residual compressive stress.
Above-mentioned surface texture 2 has certain wavy curve 3.Wavy curve 3 can have shown in Fig. 7
Waveform, such as sin/cos ripple 18, sawtooth waveforms 19, inverted trapezoidal ripple 20, trapezoid ripple 21, double trapezoid
Ripple 22, inverted arc type ripple 23 and positive camber ripple 24, but it is not limited to above-mentioned wavy curve.
Valley Depth between crest 4 and the trough 5 of above-mentioned wavy curve differ from 14 1～80 micron it
Between, the wavelength 15 of above-mentioned wavy curve is between 3～500 microns.
Above-mentioned surface texture 2 can use machining, Laser Processing, Ultrasonic machining, blasting treatment and electricity
Prepared by the machining tools such as dynamic wire brush and method.
The purpose of the present invention is realized by techniques below principle:
When mechanical enhancer tool heads or spherical pill produce contact-impact with processed smooth surface, because of
Hertz contact and the synergy of friction, the material below region immediately below is in three-dimensional compressive stress state,
This is unfavorable for making surface to be machined produce plastic deformation.As it is shown in figure 5, when processed Surface Machining has
During surface texture 2, surface mechanical enhancement tool heads or pill 8 by the crest 4 of first compressive surface structure,
Make the material at crest more easily produce detrusion, thus make the deviator of stress increase, three-dimensional compressive stress
Reduce, it is easier to produce plastic deformation 9.
When first surface mechanical enhancement tool heads or pill 8 extrude crest 4, trough 5 makes extruding become
Shape constraint on reduces, and is therefore easier to make surface to be machined produce plastic deformation.
When surface mechanical enhancement tool heads or pill 8 produce contact-impact with surface to be machined, with surface
Structure horizontal 6 is compared, and surface texture longitudinally 7 effect of contractions to deforming are more weak, thus tie on surface
Structure longitudinally 7 can produce bigger plastic deformation and bigger residual compressive stress, so that surface residual pressure
Stress has default directivity.
When smooth surface is by the contact-impact of tool heads or spherical pill, owing to being close to the material on surface
Plastic deformation is relatively small, and the residual compressive stress face value 12 that therefore can form most surface is less, does not adds
The residual compressive stress curve that the material surface of work surface texture produces after processing through surface mechanical enhancement
11, see Fig. 7, this anti-fatigue performance being unsuitable for playing material.And it is machined with the material of surface texture 2
Surface can make after processing through mechanical enhancer maximum plastic deformation closer to surface so that most surface
Residual compressive stress face value 12 increases, and residual compressive stress maximum 13, closer to surface, produces in figure
Preparation of surfaces structure material surface through surface mechanical enhancement process after produce residual compressive stress
Curve 10, so that the effect of mechanical surface strengthening strengthens.
When being machined with the material surface of surface texture 2 by the shock of tool heads or pill 8, crest
The contact stress at place is bigger than during smooth surface, thus is more easy to make material produce plastic deformation, thus strengthens
The effect of surface mechanical enhancement.
When being machined with the surface of surface texture 2 by the shock of tool heads or pill 8, at crest 4
Material attempt to be pressed into, and the material at trough 5 can be extruded to a certain extent, thus produces
" disappear peak load " effect, reduces or eliminates the initial roughness that surface texture is formed, see Fig. 6.
Owing to being machined with surface texture 2, processed skin-material is made to more easily produce severe plastic deformation 9,
Thus crystal grain refinement and drawing hardening effect produced by surface mechanical enhancement can be increased, it is more suitable for processing
Surface Ultra-fine Grained or nanorize layer.
Main advantages of the present invention are as follows:
Make to use surface mechanical enhancement to process and can produce bigger and deeper residual pressure on processed surface
Stressor layers.
Make to use surface mechanical enhancement to process and can have the residual of preset direction in the generation of processed surface
Overbottom pressure stress.
The residual compressive stress value of most surface can be increased, thus strengthen the effect of mechanical surface strengthening further.
Make processed top layer more be easily generated severe plastic deformation and crystal grain refinement, conveniently prepare Ultra-fine Grained or
Nanocrystalline skin-material.
Embodiment one
Utilize compressed air or centrifugal sand-blasting device, according to being reinforced the hardness of material and surface to be prepared
The Valley Depth of structure differs from 14, selects the abrasive materials such as corner angle steel sand, corundum or carborundum, and determines spray
Sand technological parameter.The pending position of part or structure is carried out the de-embroider process of oil removing, with adhesive tape, glue
The non-process position of part or structure is carried out covering protection by the materials such as cloth.Sand-blasting gun axle during blasting treatment
Line should be 60 °～80 ° of angles with piece surface, it is ensured that sandblasting coverage rate is uniform, it is to avoid overspray, to protect
Card obtains uniform prepared surface structure.Sandblasting uses compressed air to carry out pretreating surface after terminating
Dedusting goes to cut process, in order to avoid remaining abrasive particle in surface texture.Complete surface texture prefabricated after, to the greatest extent
Surface mechanical enhancement process is carried out, with anti-oxidation or corrosion in time that may be short.
It is relatively more suitable for the process to band large-scale metal structure by the method for sandblasting prepared surface structure, for
Miniature parts, such as axle class revolving meber, can operate after carrying out appropriate covering on lathe.
It addition, blasting method is suitable only for prepared surface micro-indentation or surface micro-bulge surface texture, this table
Face structure is isotropism surface texture.
Embodiment two
When using turning, milling or grinding prepared surface structure, can be in machine tool or numerical control
Carry out on lathe.First select according to the part material being reinforced or customize appropriate cutter, according to desire
Prepare the Valley Depth of surface texture differ from 14 and wavelength 15 determine feed speed.If processed surface
There is dirt, should first carry out the de-embroider process of oil removing.Complete surface texture prefabricated after, when the shortest
In carry out surface mechanical enhancement process, with anti-oxidation or corrosion.
For resisting fatigue intensive treatment, use the straight ripple of machine-tooled method Prefabricated parallel or parallel Qu Bowen
During surface texture, it should be noted that make the work principal direction of stress one of surface texture longitudinal 7 and processed part
Cause, to ensure more preferable subsequent reinforced effect.
Embodiment three
For the irregular localized indentation protuberance position prepared surface structure on the hole wall of inner hole part or part
Time, motor wire brush can be used to realize.First select the hardest according to the part material being reinforced
The wire brush (wheel) of degree, steel wire diameter differs from 14 and wavelength according to the Valley Depth of surface texture to be prepared
15 determine.It should be noted that ensure the uniformity of prepared surface structure during operation.
In this way can be with the straight ripple of Prefabricated parallel, parallel bent corrugated surface structure, it is also possible to prefabricated
Isotropic surface micro-indentation or surface micro-bulge surface texture.On the directive surface of prefabricated tool
During structure, it should be noted that make surface texture longitudinal direction 7 consistent with the work principal direction of stress of processed part,
To ensure more preferable subsequent reinforced effect.
The method improving surface mechanical enhancement effect that the present invention provides, is being carried out at surface mechanical enhancement
Certain surface texture is first processed so that using surface mechanical enhancement to process can be at processed table before reason
Face produces bigger and deeper residual compressive stress layer；Make to use surface mechanical enhancement to process can located
Reason surface produces the residual compressive stress with preset direction；Increase the residual compressive stress value of most surface,
Thus strengthen the effect of mechanical surface strengthening further；Make processed top layer more be easily generated violent plasticity to become
Shape and crystal grain refinement, conveniently prepare Ultra-fine Grained or nanocrystalline skin-material.
Last it is noted that various embodiments above is only in order to illustrate technical scheme, rather than
It is limited；Although the present invention being described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments, this area
Those of ordinary skill is it is understood that the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments still can be entered by it
Row amendment, or the most some or all of technical characteristic is carried out equivalent；And these amendment or
Person replaces, and does not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (10)
1. the method improving surface mechanical enhancement effect, it is characterised in that implement surface machinery strong
Before change processes, the surface texture that surface preparation at metal to be treated material is certain.
The method improving surface mechanical enhancement effect the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Described surface texture is to have certain orientation and the Z-Correct bump mapping Z-correct of arrangement mode and pattern, or respectively to same
Property, the Z-Correct bump mapping Z-correct of random distribution and pattern.
The method improving surface mechanical enhancement effect the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
Described Z-Correct bump mapping Z-correct and pattern are the waveform with peak valley difference in height and wavelength.
The method improving surface mechanical enhancement effect the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
The peak valley difference in height of described waveform is 1～80 micron.
The method improving surface mechanical enhancement effect the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
The wavelength of described waveform is 3～500 microns.
The method improving surface mechanical enhancement effect the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
Described waveform is sine or cosine wave, sawtooth waveforms, inverted trapezoidal ripple, trapezoid ripple, double-trapezoidal wave, falls
Camber ripple and/or positive camber ripple.
The method improving surface mechanical enhancement effect the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
There is the certain orientation described Z-Correct bump mapping Z-correct with arrangement mode with pattern for being straight parallel ripple or parallel
Qu Bowen.
The method improving surface mechanical enhancement effect the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
The described Z-Correct bump mapping Z-correct of random distribution and pattern are surface micro-bulge or surface micro-indentation.
The method improving surface mechanical enhancement effect the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The mode that follow-up surface mechanical enhancement processes be shot peening strengthening, finish rolling hardening, ultrasonic impact strengthening,
Cold extrusion is strengthened and/or laser impact intensified.
10. according to the method improving surface mechanical enhancement effect described in any one of claim 1-9,
It is characterized in that, the processing mode of described surface texture be machining, blasting treatment, motor wire brush,
Laser Processing and/or Ultrasonic machining.
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| CN109097708B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2021-02-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for improving surface performance of single-phase high-entropy alloy |
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| CN113617988A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Uniform grain-refining treatment method for multi-point reciprocating deformation plate |
| CN113617988B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2022-05-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Uniform grain-refining treatment method for multi-point reciprocating deformation plate |
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Application publication date: 20160824 |