CN115253618B - Vortex tube with porous material liquid discharge structure and gas-liquid separation method thereof - Google Patents
Vortex tube with porous material liquid discharge structure and gas-liquid separation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a vortex tube with a porous material liquid discharge structure and a gas-liquid separation method thereof, wherein the vortex tube comprises the following components: the whirl takes place room, vortex tube body and flowing back structure, flowing back structure includes: the vortex tube with the porous material liquid discharging structure and the gas-liquid separation method thereof have the advantages of simple structure, easiness in realization, good gas-liquid separation effect and high wet component removal rate in particular.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of moisture-containing gas dehydration, in particular to a vortex tube with a porous material liquid discharge structure and a gas-liquid separation method thereof.
Background
The natural gas is used as a clean energy source, carbon dioxide generated during combustion is less than other fossil fuels, and the natural gas hardly contains harmful substances such as dust, sulfur and the like, meets the requirements of low carbon emission and environmental protection, and is gradually and widely applied as a clean energy source. However, natural gas contains a large amount of steam after being extracted, and water contained in the natural gas can cause a plurality of dangers, such as reducing the heat value of the natural gas and the conveying capacity of a natural gas pipeline, water can even be separated out in the pipeline or equipment to form accumulated liquid, so that the flow pressure drop is increased, and a pit shaft, a valve, a pipeline and equipment can be blocked when corrosion of the pipeline is accelerated and serious; in addition, the action of water with acid gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc. can lead to corrosion of pipes and equipment. Thus, dehydration of natural gas before it enters the transfer line is a key element in natural gas processing.
The traditional natural gas dehydration method mainly comprises a temperature reduction method, a solvent absorption method, a solid adsorption method and a membrane separation method. The temperature drop method is mainly realized by a throttle valve and a turbine expander, and has the advantages of simple structure, lower cost, larger energy loss and poor stability because of moving parts; the solvent absorption method has the defects of complex process flow, high system price, difficult solvent recovery and the like; the solid adsorption method has the advantages of more equipment, larger device and high cost and operation cost; the membrane separation method has the advantages of simple process flow, no secondary pollution, high separation efficiency and low energy consumption, but is only suitable for the conditions of pure natural gas inflow and smaller flow, and has relatively limited use conditions.
Besides the method, the supersonic separator and the vortex tube realize the liquid condensation and gas-liquid separation processes by utilizing two functions of cooling and rotational flow, and the two devices have the advantages of single pressure driving, no moving parts, no maintenance, low investment cost and the like, and have attracted wide attention in the field of gas dehydration in recent years.
Wherein the supersonic separator is typically comprised of a laval nozzle, a cyclone separator and a diffuser. After entering the throat of the nozzle, the moisture is further accelerated in the diverging section, the pressure continues to increase along with the decrease of the temperature, then condensation occurs, the phase change is caused, then a liquid film is formed on the wall surface due to the centrifugal force, and the liquid film is discharged from the annular space at the periphery of the main pipeline to the liquid collecting chamber.
Different from a cooling mechanism and a rotational flow generating method of the supersonic separator, as shown in fig. 1, the vortex tube utilizes a unique energy separation effect, high-pressure gas enters the vortex tube through the tangential nozzle to form strong rotational flow during operation, and temperature reduction is generated at a cold end due to the energy separation effect, so that two airflows with different temperatures, namely cold and hot, are finally formed to flow out from outlets at two ends of the cold and hot respectively. In the process, the vapor in the wet gas is condensed when meeting cold to form small liquid drops, and the small liquid drops are thrown to the wall surface under the action of centrifugal force and then discharged through a liquid outlet on the wall surface. However, at present, most of the existing liquid discharge structures of the vortex tube adopt a mode of forming an annular space by opening the wall surface of the main tube wall, and a large amount of gas and discharged liquid enter a liquid discharge port through the annular space during working, so that the gas loss is definitely increased, the gas-liquid separation efficiency is reduced, and meanwhile, the gas-liquid separation is additionally carried out on the liquid discharge port to recover the lost gas, so that equipment is complicated; in addition, the change of the wall surface structure can influence the flow field in the pipeline, so that the gas-liquid separation effect of the device is reduced.
On this basis, in order to achieve better gas-liquid separation capacity, the position of the annular space, the drainage structure and the separation gap distance are all very important design parameters in the vortex tube. For example, if the separation gap is too short, it may result in liquid not being discharged in time; however, if the separation gap is too long, a large amount of gas is discharged from the annular space together with the liquid, resulting in deterioration of performance, and additional recovery treatment of the discharged gas is required. However, in fact, the streak of liquid in the tube is a series of spiral lines and cannot occupy the whole annular space due to the rotation effect, so that no matter how short the separation gap is, a considerable part of gas can leak out through the annular space, which not only causes a great deal of leakage of gas and reduces the gas-liquid separation effect, but also causes the design of the liquid discharge structure of the vortex tube to be limited.
Therefore, for the good design of the vortex tube type gas dehydration separator, the liquid yield of the liquid collecting chamber is high, and the gas yield is low, which is one of the main design targets.
Disclosure of Invention
The application designs a novel vortex tube with a porous material liquid discharge structure and a gas-liquid separation method thereof to replace the existing annular space type liquid discharge structure, reduce gas leakage and achieve better gas-liquid separation effect.
In order to solve the above problems, the present application discloses a vortex tube with a porous material liquid discharge structure, comprising:
the swirl generating chamber is provided with a tangential air inlet;
a vortex tube body in communication with the vortex generation chamber;
a liquid discharge structure;
two ends of the vortex tube body are respectively provided with a cold end outlet and a hot end outlet, dry gas generated after dehydration of the vortex tube is respectively discharged through the cold end outlet and the hot end outlet, and liquid generated after dehydration is discharged through the liquid discharge structure;
the liquid discharge structure includes:
the porous material tube is arranged on the vortex tube and forms one section of the vortex tube, a plurality of porous structures with liquid absorbing capacity are arranged on the tube wall of the porous material tube, the porous structures are communicated with the inner wall and the outer wall of the porous material tube, liquid drops obtained by condensation in the vortex tube are sucked into the porous structures in the porous material tube by utilizing capillary force, and liquid is discharged by means of pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material tube, so that gas-liquid separation is realized.
Further, the pores in the porous structure are open pores which are communicated with each other.
Further, the aperture of the open pores is 0.1-100 um.
Further, the porosity of the porous material pipe is 35% -55%, and the aperture of the open pores is 5-15 mu m.
Further, the porous material tube is prepared by one or more of 3D printing metal, sintered metal, foamed ceramic or foamed plastic.
Further, the length of the porous material pipe is 1 to 3 times of the inner diameter of the porous material pipe; the wall thickness of the porous material pipe is 0.05-0.3 times of the inner diameter of the porous material pipe.
Further, the liquid discharge structure of the vortex tube further comprises:
and the liquid storage cavity is arranged around the periphery of the porous material pipe.
Further, the liquid discharge structure of the vortex tube further comprises:
the liquid discharge pipe is communicated with the liquid storage cavity and used for discharging liquid in the liquid storage cavity;
and the back pressure regulating valve is arranged at the outer side of the porous material pipe and is used for regulating the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material pipe.
Further, the vortex tube body comprises:
the cold end pipe and the hot end pipe are oppositely arranged at two ends of the vortex tube, one end of the cold end pipe forms a cold end outlet, and one end of the hot end pipe forms a hot end outlet;
the liquid draining structure is arranged between the rotational flow generating chamber and the hot end pipe and/or between the rotational flow generating chamber and the cold end pipe.
A gas-liquid separation method for the vortex tube described above, comprising the steps of:
s1, high-pressure wet gas enters a rotational flow generating chamber along a tangential direction through an air inlet, and rotational flow is formed in the rotational flow generating chamber;
s2, enabling the rotational flow in the rotational flow generation chamber to enter a vortex tube body, reducing the temperature of gas at a condensation section in the vortex tube body, condensing to generate liquid drops, enabling the liquid drops to reach the inner wall surface of a porous material tube under the action of centrifugal force, and enabling the liquid drops to be absorbed by the porous material tube and enter pores in the porous material tube;
s3, under the action of the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material pipe, the liquid in the pore is discharged into a liquid storage cavity;
s4, discharging the liquid collected in the liquid storage cavity through a liquid discharge pipe, and discharging the dry gas separated out of the water vapor through a cold end outlet and a hot end outlet.
The vortex tube with the porous material liquid discharge structure and the gas-liquid separation method thereof have the following advantages:
firstly, the liquid discharge structure of the vortex tube is realized by arranging the porous material tube in the vortex tube, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and easy realization;
secondly, the porous material tube sucks liquid drops obtained by condensation in the vortex tube into the porous structure in the porous material tube by utilizing capillary force, and discharges the liquid by means of pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material tube, so that gas and liquid are efficiently separated, the gas content in a liquid storage cavity can be greatly reduced, and equipment and operation complexity improvement caused by additional gas-liquid separation at a liquid outlet are avoided;
thirdly, the gas-liquid separation effect of the vortex tube has low dependence on the internal structure, the size and the like of the vortex tube, has less limitation, and can improve the design freedom of the vortex tube;
fourth, the vortex tube of the application utilizes the continuous porous material tube to realize gas-liquid separation, so that the wall structure is not obviously changed, the flow field in the pipeline is not obviously influenced, the gas-liquid separation effect of the device is further reduced, and the efficient and stable operation of the device is ensured;
fifthly, the vortex tube has no moving parts inside, so that the running stability of the vortex tube is ensured;
sixthly, the application does not need to add any chemical reagent, and the water vapor is condensed and separated out by means of the thermodynamic property of the device, thereby avoiding the formation of hydrate;
seventh, the vortex tube of the application controls the pressure in the liquid storage cavity through the back pressure regulating valve in the use process, so that the gas discharge can be effectively reduced.
In a word, the liquid discharging structure of the vortex tube, the vortex tube and the gas-liquid separation method have the advantages of simple structure, simplicity in design and processing, no moving parts, stable operation, lower cost, good gas-liquid separation effect and high wet component removal rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art vortex tube;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vortex tube according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a liquid discharge structure in a vortex tube according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another construction of a vortex tube according to the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a vortex tube according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a test piece according to the present application used in test example 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a test apparatus according to the present application for test example 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the vortex tube according to the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a process of condensing small droplets at a core of a vortex tube according to the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a vortex tube according to the present application during the draining process;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of a drainage process of the porous material pipe according to the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a porous material tube; 2. a liquid storage cavity; 201. a first reservoir; 202. a second reservoir; 203. a groove; 3. a liquid discharge pipe; 4. a back pressure regulating valve; 5. a swirl flow generation chamber; 6. an air inlet; 7. a condensing section; 8. a cold end tube; 801. a cold end outlet; 9. a hot end pipe; 901. a hot end outlet; 10. a hot side control valve; 11. a main pipeline viewing mirror; 12. cold end and liquid collecting cavity sight glass.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the application will be readily understood, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2 to 5, a liquid discharging structure with a porous material, comprising:
the porous material tube 1 is arranged on the vortex tube and forms one section of the vortex tube, a plurality of porous structures with liquid absorbing capacity are arranged on the tube wall of the porous material tube 1, the porous structures are communicated with the inner wall and the outer wall of the porous material tube 1, liquid drops obtained by condensation in the vortex tube are sucked into the porous structures in the porous material tube 1 by utilizing capillary force, and liquid is discharged by means of pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material tube 1, so that gas-liquid separation is realized.
As some embodiments of the present application, the pipe wall of the porous material pipe 1 is provided with a plurality of straight through holes which are communicated with the inner wall and the outer wall of the porous material pipe 1.
As some embodiments of the present application, the porous structure on the porous material pipe 1 is a foam porous structure.
Preferably, the porous structure on the porous material tube 1 is a porous structure with liquid absorbing capability, the pores in the porous structure are open pores which are mutually communicated, and the pore diameter of the open pores is 0.1-100 um.
Preferably, the porous material tube 1 is arranged at the liquid discharge section of the vortex tube.
The liquid discharge section of the vortex tube is a wall area or the downstream of the wall area, wherein the wall area is formed by condensing water vapor in wet gas contained in the vortex tube when the water vapor is cooled to form small liquid drops, and the small liquid drops are thrown to the wall area under the action of centrifugal force. As some embodiments of the present application, the liquid discharge section of the vortex tube of the present application is a section of area adjacent to both ends of the vortex generating chamber 5.
Further, the applicant studied pore diameters of 0.3 to 0.5 μm, 5 to 7 μm, 10 to 15 μm and 45 to 55 μm, respectively, and found that: when the pore diameter of the open pores is 5 to 7 μm, 10 to 15 μm, the water absorption capacity, and the gas-liquid separation capacity of the porous material tube 1 are significantly superior to those of other sizes, and therefore, the present application preferably has a pore diameter of 5 to 15 μm.
Still further, the porous material tube 1 is prepared by using one or more of 3D printed metal, sintered metal, foamed ceramic or foamed plastic.
The applicant adopts 316 stainless steel, copper, polyethylene etc. to prepare the porous material pipe 1 respectively, and through experimental comparison, it is found that: the water absorption phenomenon of 316 stainless steel is obviously superior to other materials, so that sintered metal is preferable as the material for preparing the porous material pipe 1.
Preferably, the porosity of the porous material tube 1 is 35% -55%.
Preferably, the length of the porous material pipe 1 is 1 to 3 times of the inner diameter thereof.
Preferably, the wall thickness of the porous material tube 1 is 0.05 to 0.3 times of the inner diameter thereof.
Preferably, the cross section of the porous material tube 1 is circular.
Further, the liquid discharge structure of the vortex tube further comprises:
a reservoir 2 disposed around the periphery of the tube 1 of porous material.
As some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the liquid storage cavity 2 is formed by a first liquid storage groove 201 and a second liquid storage groove 202 which are buckled together relatively, and the first liquid storage groove 201 and the second liquid storage groove 202 are connected through a flange; grooves 203 are formed in the first liquid storage tank 201 and the second liquid storage tank 202, and the porous material pipe 1 is installed in the first liquid storage tank 201 and the second liquid storage tank 202 through the grooves 203.
Preferably, a sealing gasket is provided at the connection between the groove 203 and the porous material tube 1 to form a sealing connection between the groove 203 and the porous material tube 1.
Further, the liquid discharge structure of the vortex tube further comprises:
and the liquid discharge pipe 3 is communicated with the liquid storage cavity 2 and is used for discharging liquid collected in the liquid storage cavity 2.
Further, the liquid discharge structure of the vortex tube further comprises:
and the back pressure regulating valve 4 is arranged on the outer side of the porous material pipe 1 and is used for regulating the air pressure on the outer side of the porous material pipe 1, and finally regulating the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material pipe 1.
As some embodiments of the present application, the back pressure regulating valve 4 may be installed on the liquid storage chamber 2 or the liquid discharge pipe 3.
Preferably, the back pressure regulating valve 4 is mounted on the drain pipe 3.
According to the liquid discharge structure of the vortex tube, liquid drops obtained by condensation in the vortex tube are sucked into the holes of the porous material tube 1 by means of capillary force of the porous material tube 1, and liquid is discharged by means of pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the porous material tube 1, so that the purpose of gas-liquid separation is achieved.
In addition, the liquid discharging structure of the vortex tube can reduce the gas loss by adjusting the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material tube 1.
The liquid discharge structure of the vortex tube has the advantages of simple structure, easy operation and small gas loss, and can be widely used in the dehydration process of natural gas and other wet gases.
Of course, the liquid discharge structure of the vortex tube can also be used for dehydration of other moisture-containing gases besides natural gas, such as methane, industrial tail gas and the like.
Example 2
A vortex tube having a porous material drainage structure, comprising:
a swirl flow generating chamber 5 on which a tangential air inlet 6 is provided,
a liquid discharge structure having the structure described in the above embodiment 1;
a vortex tube body in communication with the vortex generation chamber 5;
in addition, the two ends of the vortex tube body are respectively provided with a cold end outlet 801 and a hot end outlet 901, dry gas generated after dehydration of the vortex tube is respectively discharged through the cold end outlet 801 and the hot end outlet 901, and liquid generated after dehydration is discharged through the liquid discharge structure.
Further, the vortex tube body further comprises:
the condensing section 7 is a pipe section for generating liquid drops by condensation due to the fact that the temperature of gas in the vortex tube body is reduced, the cold end pipe 8 and the hot end pipe 9 are oppositely arranged at two ends of the vortex tube, a cold end outlet 801 is formed at one end of the cold end pipe 8, and a hot end outlet 901 is formed at one end of the hot end pipe 9.
As some embodiments of the application, the drain structure may be provided at a plurality of locations within the vortex tube, depending on the flow direction of the liquid within the tube.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the cyclone generating chamber 5, the condensation section 7 and the liquid draining structure are sequentially arranged and communicated with each other, that is, the liquid draining structure is arranged between the cyclone generating chamber 5 and the hot end pipe 9.
Of course, depending on the flow direction of the liquid in the tube, the drain structure may also be arranged between the swirl-generating chamber 5 and the cold-end tube 8 as shown in fig. 4.
In addition, for more complete collection of the liquid produced by condensation, the drainage structure may be provided between the swirl-generating chamber 5 and the hot-end pipe 9 and between the swirl-generating chamber 5 and the cold-end pipe 8, as shown in fig. 5.
Preferably, the liquid discharge structure is arranged between the swirl generating chamber 5 and the cold end pipe 8.
Further, a hot side control valve 10 is disposed in the hot side outlet 901, and the hot side control valve 10 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the hot side outlet 901.
Preferably, after the hot side outlet 901 is grooved and provided with a sealing ring, the hot side control valve 10 is installed, so as to realize the sealing connection between the hot side control valve 10 and the hot side outlet 901.
As some embodiments of the present application, the cold end pipe 8, the swirl generating chamber 5 and the condensation section 7 are connected by welding, riveting, screwing, flanges, etc.
Preferably, the cold end pipe 8, the cyclone generating chamber 5 and the condensing section 7 are connected by flanges.
As some embodiments of the present application, the condensation section 7 and the liquid storage cavity 2 are connected by welding, riveting, screwing, flanges, etc.
Preferably, the condensation section 7 and the liquid storage cavity 2 are in sealing connection in a welding mode.
As some embodiments of the present application, the hot end pipe 9 and the liquid storage cavity 2 are connected by welding, riveting, screwing, flanges, etc.
Preferably, the hot end pipe 9 and the liquid storage cavity 2 are in sealing connection in a welding mode.
Example 3
A gas-liquid separation method for the vortex tube of the above embodiment 2, comprising the steps of:
s1, high-pressure moisture-containing gas enters a rotational flow generation chamber 5 tangentially through an air inlet 6, and forms rotational flow in the rotational flow generation chamber 5;
s2, enabling the rotational flow in the rotational flow generation chamber 5 to enter a vortex tube main body, reducing the temperature of gas in a condensation section 7 in the vortex tube main body, generating liquid drops through condensation, enabling the liquid drops to reach the inner wall surface of the porous material tube 1 under the action of centrifugal force, and enabling the liquid drops to be absorbed by the porous material tube 1 and enter pores in the porous material tube 1 under the action of capillary action and pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material tube 1;
s3, under the action of the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material pipe 1, the liquid in the pores is discharged into the liquid storage cavity 2;
and S4, discharging the liquid collected in the liquid storage cavity 2 through the liquid discharge pipe 3, and simultaneously discharging the dry gas after water vapor is separated out through the cold end outlet 801 and the hot end outlet 901.
Further, in the step S3, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the porous material pipe 1 may be adjusted by the back pressure adjusting valve 4.
The working principle of the vortex tube and the gas-liquid separation method of the application is as follows:
the porous material tube 1 has good liquid absorption capability, when high-pressure moisture-containing gas is separated out from the liquid drops in the condensation section 7 due to the refrigeration effect, the liquid drops are thrown to the inner side wall surface of the condensation section 7 due to the centrifugal force, so that a liquid film is formed, and when the liquid film flows along with the airflow and passes through the porous material tube 1, the liquid film is absorbed by the pores in the porous material tube 1 due to the capillary action, and the liquid continuously fills the pores in the porous material tube 1. In this case, the gas near the liquid needs to overcome the resistance along the way caused by the micropores when flowing in the pores of the porous material tube 1, so that the porous material filled with the liquid can further obstruct the gas flowing in the porous material. Along with the gradual increase of the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material pipe 1, when the pressure difference is increased to overcome the capillary force of liquid, the gas can discharge the liquid in the porous material pipe 1 and collect the discharged liquid in the liquid storage cavity 2 outside the porous material pipe 1, so as to realize gas-liquid separation.
In an ideal state, in the working process of the vortex tube, on one hand, liquid is continuously absorbed by the porous material tube 1; on the other hand, the gas is discharged from the porous material tube 1 under the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material tube 1, so as to achieve the optimal gas-liquid separation effect.
Before the vortex tube is actually used, under the corresponding working conditions, differential pressure gauges are arranged at the inner and outer positions of the porous material tube 1, and the minimum internal and external differential pressure required by the liquid discharge of the porous material tube 1 is automatically measured and collected, for example, the internal and external differential pressure of the porous material tube 1 can be continuously increased from 0 through the back pressure regulating valve 4 until the liquid discharge phenomenon of the porous material tube 1 begins to appear.
In the actual use process, the collecting result of the differential pressure gauge can be fed back to the back pressure regulating valve 4, the back pressure regulating valve 4 can be automatically regulated to the measured minimum internal and external differential pressure position, and at the moment, the vortex tube can realize the optimal gas-liquid separation effect.
Chinese patent publication No. CN104121716B also discloses a vortex tube, which comprises: the vortex tube body, the vortex tube body is including the intake pipe that is equipped with the inlet channel, be equipped with cold junction tube and the hot junction tube that is equipped with the hot airflow channel of cold airflow channel, further, this patent still indicates: the inner wall of the expansion section of the cold air flow channel is provided with a plurality of through holes, meanwhile, the vortex tube body further comprises a return tube, one end of the return tube is communicated with the hot air flow channel in the hot end tube, and the other end of the return tube is communicated with the cold air flow channel of the cold end tube through the through holes in the expansion section of the cold air flow channel. When the vortex tube is used, part of heat flow of the hot end tube can be led to the cold end tube through the reflux tube, then enters the expansion section of the cold air flow channel through the through hole on the cold end tube, and under the action of the introduced part of heat flow, the temperature of the cold flow at the expansion section of the cold end tube is increased after being mixed with the heat flow, and the cold flow is not easy to freeze in the expansion section of the cold end tube, so that the freezing blockage of the cold end tube is effectively reduced and prevented.
Comparison finds that: the several through holes provided on the inner wall of the expansion section of the cold air flow channel disclosed in this patent are totally different from the working principle and technical effects achieved by the porous material tube 1 according to the present application, with substantial differences between the two.
The gas-liquid separation effect of the vortex tube according to the present application was studied by the following test examples:
test example 1
In order to study the gas-liquid separation effect of the vortex tube, the vortex tube with the structure shown in fig. 6 is prepared, and the separation performance and the dewatering capability of the vortex tube are studied by taking air as a working medium:
we have found that: during the gas-liquid separation process, almost all of the condensed water is formed at the cold end. Therefore, in this test example, as shown in fig. 6, a porous material pipe was provided as a drain structure only at a position near the cold end.
In the test, for observing and collecting condensed water, a cold end made of transparent quartz and a liquid collecting cavity sight glass 12 are arranged outside the porous material pipe, and a small water outlet is arranged on the liquid collecting cavity. In addition, a part of main pipe sight glass 11 is installed in the main pipe of the vortex tube to observe whether the main pipe has the formation of condensation water.
The test procedure was carried out using a test apparatus as shown in FIG. 7, in which compressed air was supplied from a screw compressor (rated flow rate of compressed air was 60Nm 3 And/h, maximum pressure of 0.8 MPa). In order to make the water content at the air inlet of the vortex tube higher, the drainage phenomenon of the porous material tube is more obvious, and an electric heating type air heater is adopted to raise the temperature of compressed air, so that the working temperature at the air inlet of the vortex tube is about 27-29 ℃.
When saturated moist air is used as a working medium in the test process, the air can be saturated and moist in the humidifier. In addition, in order to prevent liquid drops from entering the vortex tube from the humidifier, the gas state of the inlet is ensured, and a cyclone separator is adopted to treat compressed air after the humidifier. The pressure at the air inlet of the vortex tube is not more than 2bar, and the pressure is gauge pressure.
In the experimental process, saturated moist air is obtained after air sequentially passes through a compressor, an air heater, a humidifier and a cyclone separator.
In the test apparatus shown in fig. 5, the air may be passed through a compressor and an air heater in this order to obtain dry air.
The key parameters and conditions of the vortex tube used in test example 1 are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 key parameters and operating conditions of vortex tube
In order to evaluate the performance of the vortex tube during the test, the cold mass fraction epsilon of the vortex tube was first defined as the ratio of the cold outlet mass flow to the cold inlet mass flow. The mass fraction of the cooling in the study is in the range of 0.1-0.9.
The dew point is an important parameter in the dehydration of natural gas, and therefore, the dew point drop is one of the indicators for evaluating the dehydration performance, and is defined as the difference between the inlet dew point and the outlet dew point.
In view of the very small water content studied under the current operating conditions, the liquid level at the drain is in the order of tens of grams per hour, at which time it is very difficult to completely collect the liquid at the drain even with a condensate tank. Therefore, we adopt the water content reduction rateTo evaluate the dehydration performance of the detected vortex tube, wherein the water content reduction rate +.>The method can be used for preparing the composite material by:
in formula (I), d c 、d h The unit of the water content of the gas at the cold end outlet and the hot end outlet is g/kgapir; d, d in The water content of the air inlet of the vortex tube is g/kgapir;the water content of the cold end outlet is reduced; />The water content of the hot end outlet is reduced. The value of the moisture content in the application is determined according to the proposal of the world meteorological organization.
Then, the total water content of the two outlets is reducedSum->The method comprises the following steps:
uncertainty analysis was performed using the parameters that determine the performance of the vortex tube, as these parameters are inlet pressure, temperature differential, mass flow, dew point drop, and water cut. In vortex tube performance testing, the most important measurement devices are temperature, flow meters, pressure probes, and humidity sensors. Uncertainty analysis was performed on these parameters. The maximum uncertainty values of these parameters are pressure + -1.81%, mass flow + -1.65%, temperature difference + -1.72%, dew point fall + -2.32% and moisture content change + -2.64%, respectively, based on the measurement results and the sensitivity values of the device. Uncertainty for each parameter is within acceptable limits.
Through the detected heat and mass transfer process of the vortex tube, the following is found: when the inlet pressure was 2.0bar and epsilon=0.45, the dew point of the two outlets was reduced to 18.3 ℃ and the total water content was reduced to 61.1%, which proves that the vortex tube using the porous material tube 1 as the water discharge portion was a gas dehydration device excellent in gas-liquid separation effect.
That is, the vortex tube described in test example 1 achieves dehydration of the wet gas and gas-liquid separation of the porous material tube 1, and obtains the dehumidified gas at the outlet. And the porous material pipe 1 is provided as a drain member in comparison with the conventional annular space drain member, adverse effects of the drain process and the amount of gas discharged from the drain port can be minimized.
Based on the test example, through a series of unsteady numerical simulation and flow visualization, we propose the working principle of the vortex tube flow structure and the energy separation process as shown in fig. 8-11:
first, as shown in fig. 8, energy is transferred uniformly through the reverse flow boundary from the inner layer to the outer layer by periodic oscillation of large-scale precession vortex; a cold core region is then formed around the tube axis at the cold end.
On this basis, when the working medium is a wet gas, the phase change process must be considered for energy separation of the vortex tube. When moist compressed gas is injected tangentially into the primary channels, as shown in fig. 9-10, condensed droplets appear in the cold core area due to refrigeration. Ideally, on the one hand, these coagulated droplets are carried by the reentrant flow to the cold end due to the axial counter pressure gradient; on the other hand, the small droplets collide and gather to form large droplets at the cold end and then are thrown to the outer layer by centrifugal force to form a liquid film on the inner wall of the porous material tube 1.
As shown in fig. 11, when the liquid film reaches the porous material tube 1, the liquid is rapidly absorbed by the porous material tube 1 due to the surface tension and occupies the pores. However, for gases, flow resistance is encountered through the small pores of the porous material tube 1. When the force of the gas pressure differential between the cold end and the plenum is greater than the force of the liquid surface tension, the gas forces the liquid out of the pores of the porous material tube 1, forming a droplet splash as shown in fig. 9.
Ideally, if the condensate always occupies all the pores of the porous material tube 1 and the gas pressure difference is slightly higher than the liquid surface tension, the gas leakage of the porous material tube 1 can be kept to a minimum for a long period of time.
In summary, it is not difficult to obtain: the vortex tube with the porous material liquid discharge structure and the gas-liquid separation method thereof have the following advantages:
firstly, the liquid discharge structure of the vortex tube is realized by arranging the porous material tube in the vortex tube, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and easy realization;
secondly, the porous material tube sucks liquid drops obtained by condensation in the vortex tube into the porous structure in the porous material tube by utilizing capillary force, and discharges the liquid by means of pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material tube, so that gas and liquid are efficiently separated, the gas content in a liquid storage cavity can be greatly reduced, and equipment and operation complexity improvement caused by additional gas-liquid separation at a liquid outlet are avoided;
thirdly, the gas-liquid separation effect of the vortex tube has low dependence on the internal structure, the size and the like of the vortex tube, has less limitation, and can improve the design freedom of the vortex tube;
fourth, the vortex tube of the application utilizes the continuous porous material tube to realize gas-liquid separation, so that the wall structure is not obviously changed, the flow field in the pipeline is not obviously influenced, the gas-liquid separation effect of the device is further reduced, and the efficient and stable operation of the device is ensured;
fifthly, the vortex tube has no moving parts inside, so that the running stability of the vortex tube is ensured;
sixthly, the application does not need to add any chemical reagent, and the water vapor is condensed and separated out by means of the thermodynamic property of the device, thereby avoiding the formation of hydrate;
seventh, the vortex tube of the application controls the pressure in the liquid storage cavity through the back pressure regulating valve in the use process, so that the gas discharge can be effectively reduced.
In a word, the vortex tube with the porous material liquid discharge structure and the gas-liquid separation method thereof have the advantages of simple structure, simple design and processing, no moving parts, stable operation, lower cost, good gas-liquid separation effect, and particularly high wet component removal rate.
Although the present application is disclosed above, the present application is not limited thereto. In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, and the scope of the application should be assessed accordingly to that of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A vortex tube having a porous material drainage structure, comprising:
a swirl generating chamber (5) on which a tangential air inlet (6) is provided;
a vortex tube body which is communicated with the vortex generating chamber (5);
a liquid discharge structure;
two ends of the vortex tube body are respectively provided with a cold end outlet (801) and a hot end outlet (901), dry gas generated after dehydration of the vortex tube is respectively discharged through the cold end outlet (801) and the hot end outlet (901), and liquid generated after dehydration is discharged through the liquid discharge structure;
the liquid discharge structure is characterized by comprising:
the porous material pipe (1) is arranged on the vortex tube and forms one section of the vortex tube, a plurality of porous structures with liquid absorbing capacity are arranged on the pipe wall of the porous material pipe (1), the porous structures are communicated with the inner wall and the outer wall of the porous material pipe (1), liquid drops obtained by condensation in the vortex tube are sucked into the porous structures in the porous material pipe (1) by utilizing capillary force, and liquid is discharged by means of pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material pipe (1), so that gas-liquid separation is realized;
a liquid storage cavity (2) which is arranged around the periphery of the porous material pipe (1);
a liquid discharge pipe (3), wherein the liquid discharge pipe (3) is communicated with the liquid storage cavity (2) and is used for discharging liquid in the liquid storage cavity (2);
the back pressure regulating valve (4) is arranged on the liquid storage cavity (2) or the liquid discharge pipe (3) and is used for regulating the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material pipe (1);
differential pressure gauges are arranged at the inner and outer positions of the porous material pipe (1), and the minimum internal and external differential pressure required by liquid discharge of the porous material pipe (1) is automatically measured and collected;
in the actual use process, the acquisition result of the differential pressure gauge is fed back to the back pressure regulating valve (4), the back pressure regulating valve (4) is automatically regulated to the measured minimum internal and external differential pressure position, and at the moment, the vortex tube realizes the optimal gas-liquid separation effect.
2. The vortex tube of claim 1 wherein the apertures in the orifice-like structure are open pores that communicate with each other.
3. The vortex tube of claim 2, wherein the open pores have a pore size of 0.1-100 μm.
4. Swirl tube according to claim 2, characterized in that the porous material tube (1) has a porosity of 35-55% and the open pores have a pore size of 5-15 μm.
5. The vortex tube according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that the porous material tube (1) is manufactured with one or more of 3D printed metal, sintered metal, foamed ceramic or foamed plastic.
6. The vortex tube according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that the length of the porous material tube (1) is 1-3 times its inner diameter; the wall thickness of the porous material tube (1) is 0.05-0.3 times of the inner diameter of the porous material tube.
7. The vortex tube of claim 1, wherein the vortex tube body comprises:
the device comprises a condensation section (7), a cold end pipe (8) and a hot end pipe (9), wherein the cold end pipe (8) and the hot end pipe (9) are oppositely arranged at two ends of the vortex tube, a cold end outlet (801) is formed at one end part of the cold end pipe (8), and a hot end outlet (901) is formed at one end part of the hot end pipe (9);
the liquid draining structure is arranged between the rotational flow generating chamber (5) and the hot end pipe (9) and/or between the rotational flow generating chamber (5) and the cold end pipe (8).
8. A gas-liquid separation method, characterized in that the gas-liquid separation method is used for the vortex tube according to any one of the above claims 1 to 7, and the gas-liquid separation method comprises the steps of:
s1, high-pressure wet gas enters a rotational flow generating chamber along a tangential direction through an air inlet, and rotational flow is formed in the rotational flow generating chamber;
s2, enabling the rotational flow in the rotational flow generation chamber to enter the vortex tube body, reducing the temperature of gas at a condensation section in the vortex tube body, condensing to generate liquid drops, enabling the liquid drops to reach the inner wall surface of the porous material tube under the action of centrifugal force, and enabling the liquid drops to be absorbed by the porous material tube and enter pores in the porous material tube;
s3, under the action of the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material pipe, the liquid in the pore is discharged into a liquid storage cavity;
s4, discharging the liquid collected in the liquid storage cavity through a liquid discharge pipe, and discharging the dry gas separated out of the water vapor through a cold end outlet and a hot end outlet.
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