CN115253618A - Vortex tube with porous material liquid drainage structure and gas-liquid separation method thereof - Google Patents
Vortex tube with porous material liquid drainage structure and gas-liquid separation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a vortex tube with a porous material liquid discharge structure and a gas-liquid separation method thereof, wherein the vortex tube comprises: room, vortex tube body and flowing back structure take place for the whirl, flowing back structure includes: the vortex tube with the porous material liquid drainage structure and the gas-liquid separation method thereof have the advantages of simple structure, easiness in realization, good gas-liquid separation effect and particularly high wet component removal rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dehydration of moisture-containing gas, in particular to a vortex tube with a porous material liquid drainage structure and a gas-liquid separation method thereof.
Background
Natural gas is used as a clean energy, carbon dioxide generated during combustion is less than that of other fossil fuels, and the natural gas hardly contains harmful substances such as dust, sulfur and the like, and meets the requirements of less carbon emission and environmental protection, so that the natural gas is gradually and widely used as the clean energy. However, the natural gas contains a large amount of water vapor after being produced, and the water contained in the natural gas causes many dangers, such as reduction of the heat value of the natural gas and the conveying capacity of a natural gas pipeline, separation of water even in a pipeline or equipment to form accumulated liquid, increase of flow pressure drop, acceleration of corrosion of the pipeline, and blockage of a shaft, a valve, a pipeline and equipment in severe cases; in addition, the action of water with acidic gases such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc. can cause corrosion of pipes and equipment. Therefore, dehydration of natural gas before it enters the pipeline is a key link in natural gas processing.
The traditional natural gas dehydration method mainly comprises a temperature drop method, a solvent absorption method, a solid adsorption method and a membrane separation method. The temperature reduction method is mainly realized by a throttle valve and a turbine expander, and although the method has a simple structure and low cost, the method has high energy loss and poor stability due to moving parts; the solvent absorption method has the defects of complex process flow, high system price, difficult solvent recovery and the like; the solid adsorption method needs more equipment, has larger device and high cost and running cost; although the membrane separation method has the advantages of simple process flow, no secondary pollution, high separation efficiency and low energy consumption, the membrane separation method is only suitable for the conditions of pure incoming natural gas flow and small flow, and the use working condition is limited.
In addition to the method, the supersonic separator and the vortex tube realize the liquid condensation and gas-liquid separation processes by utilizing two functions of cooling and cyclone, and the two devices have the advantages of single-pressure driving, no moving part, no maintenance, low investment cost and the like, and have attracted wide attention in the field of gas dehydration in recent years.
Among these, supersonic separators are generally composed of a laval nozzle, a cyclone separator and a diffuser. After moisture enters the nozzle throat, the speed is further increased in the divergent section, the pressure is continuously increased along with the reduction of the temperature, the condensation phenomenon is further generated, the phase state change is caused, then a liquid film is formed on the wall surface due to the centrifugal force, and then the liquid film is discharged to the liquid collecting chamber from the annular space at the periphery of the main pipeline.
Different from the cooling mechanism and the rotational flow generation method of the supersonic separator, as shown in fig. 1, the vortex tube utilizes the unique energy separation effect, when in work, high-pressure gas enters the vortex tube through the tangential nozzle to form strong rotational flow, and temperature drop is generated at the cold end due to the energy separation effect, and finally two streams of cold and hot gas flows with different temperatures are formed and flow out from outlets at the cold end and the hot end respectively. In the process, water vapor in the moisture-containing gas is condensed when being cooled to form small liquid drops, and the small liquid drops are thrown to the wall surface under the action of centrifugal force and then are discharged through a liquid discharge port on the wall surface. However, most of the prior liquid discharge structures of vortex tubes adopt a mode that an opening is formed on the wall surface of a main pipe wall to form an annular space, and a large amount of gas and discharged liquid enter a liquid discharge port through the annular space during working, so that gas loss is increased undoubtedly, and gas-liquid separation efficiency is reduced; in addition, the change of the wall surface structure can affect the flow field in the pipeline, and the gas-liquid separation effect of the device is reduced.
On the basis, in order to realize better gas-liquid separation capacity, the position of the annular space, the drainage structure and the separation gap distance are very important design parameters in the vortex tube. For example, if the separation gap is too short, it may result in the liquid not being expelled in a timely manner; however, if the separation gap is too long, a large amount of gas is also expelled from the annular space with the liquid, resulting in performance degradation and additional recovery of the expelled gas. However, in fact, because the rotating effect causes the liquid in the tube to have a series of helical lines and cannot occupy the whole annular space, no matter how short the separation gap is, a considerable part of the gas leaks out through the annular space, which not only causes a large amount of gas leakage and reduces the gas-liquid separation effect, but also causes many limitations on the liquid discharge structure design of the vortex tube.
Therefore, for the good design of the vortex tube type gas dehydration separator, the liquid collection chamber has high liquid production and low gas production, which is one of the main design targets.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs a novel vortex tube with a porous material liquid drainage structure and a gas-liquid separation method thereof to replace the existing annular space type drainage structure, reduce gas leakage and achieve better gas-liquid separation effect.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a vortex tube having a porous material liquid discharge structure, comprising:
the rotational flow generating chamber is provided with a tangential air inlet;
a vortex tube body communicating with the vortex generation chamber;
a liquid discharge structure;
the two ends of the vortex tube body respectively form a cold end outlet and a hot end outlet, dry gas generated after dehydration of the vortex tube is discharged through the cold end outlet and the hot end outlet respectively, and liquid generated after dehydration is discharged through the liquid discharge structure;
the liquid discharge structure includes:
the vortex tube comprises a vortex tube and a porous material tube, wherein the porous material tube is arranged on the vortex tube and forms one section of the vortex tube, the tube wall of the porous material tube is provided with a plurality of porous structures with liquid absorption capacity, the porous structures are communicated with the inner wall and the outer wall of the porous material tube, the porous material tube absorbs liquid drops obtained by condensation in the vortex tube into the porous structures in the porous material tube by utilizing capillary force and discharges the liquid by means of pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material tube, and gas-liquid separation is realized.
Furthermore, the pores in the porous structure are open pores which are communicated with each other.
Furthermore, the aperture of the open pore is 0.1-100 um.
Furthermore, the porosity of the porous material pipe is 35% -55%, and the pore diameter of the open pore is 5-15 μm.
Further, the porous material pipe is prepared by one or more of 3D printing metal, sintered metal, foamed ceramic or foamed plastic.
Further, the length of the porous material pipe is 1-3 times of the inner diameter of the porous material pipe; the wall thickness of the porous material pipe is 0.05-0.3 times of the inner diameter of the porous material pipe.
Further, the liquid discharge structure of vortex tube still includes:
and the liquid storage cavity is arranged around the periphery of the porous material pipe.
Further, the liquid discharge structure of vortex tube still includes:
the liquid discharge pipe is communicated with the liquid storage cavity and is used for discharging liquid in the liquid storage cavity;
and the back pressure regulating valve is arranged on the outer side of the porous material pipe and is used for regulating the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material pipe.
Further, the vortex tube body includes:
the condenser comprises a condensation section, a cold end pipe and a hot end pipe, wherein the cold end pipe and the hot end pipe are oppositely arranged at two ends of the vortex pipe, one end of the cold end pipe forms a cold end outlet, and one end of the hot end pipe forms a hot end outlet;
the liquid discharge structure is arranged between the rotational flow generation chamber and the hot end pipe, and/or the liquid discharge structure is arranged between the rotational flow generation chamber and the cold end pipe.
A gas-liquid separation method for the above vortex tube, the gas-liquid separation method comprising the steps of:
s1, high-pressure moisture-containing gas enters a rotational flow generating chamber through a gas inlet along a tangential direction, and rotational flow is formed in the rotational flow generating chamber;
s2, enabling the rotational flow in the rotational flow generating chamber to enter a vortex tube body, reducing the temperature of gas at a condensation section in the vortex tube body, condensing to generate liquid drops, and enabling the liquid drops to reach the inner wall surface of the porous material tube under the action of centrifugal force, be absorbed by the porous material tube and enter pores in the porous material tube;
s3, discharging the liquid in the pores to a liquid storage cavity under the action of the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material pipe;
and S4, discharging the liquid collected in the liquid storage cavity through a liquid discharge pipe, and simultaneously discharging dry gas after water vapor is separated out through a cold end outlet and a hot end outlet.
The vortex tube with the porous material liquid discharge structure and the gas-liquid separation method thereof have the following advantages:
firstly, the vortex tube liquid discharge structure is realized by arranging the porous material tube in the vortex tube, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and easy realization;
secondly, the porous material tube sucks liquid drops obtained by condensation in the vortex tube into a porous structure in the porous material tube by utilizing capillary force, and discharges liquid by means of pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material tube, so that gas-liquid efficient separation is realized, the gas content in a liquid storage cavity can be greatly reduced, and the increase of equipment and operation complexity caused by additional gas-liquid separation at a liquid discharge port is avoided;
thirdly, the gas-liquid separation effect of the vortex tube has low dependence on the internal structure, the size and the like of the vortex tube and less limitation, and the design freedom of the vortex tube can be improved;
fourthly, the gas-liquid separation is realized by using continuous porous material tubes in the vortex tube, so that the wall surface structure is not obviously changed, the flow field in the pipeline is not obviously influenced, the gas-liquid separation effect of the device is further reduced, and the efficient and stable operation of the device is ensured;
fifthly, the vortex tube of the invention has no moving parts inside, thus ensuring the stability of the operation;
sixthly, no chemical reagent is needed to be added, and water vapor is condensed and separated out by means of the thermodynamic characteristics of the device, so that the formation of a hydrate is avoided;
seventh, this application vortex tube is through back pressure governing valve control stock solution chamber internal pressure in the use, can effectively reduce gas outgoing.
In a word, the liquid discharge structure of the vortex tube, the vortex tube and the gas-liquid separation method have the advantages of simple structure, simple design and processing, no moving part, stable operation, lower cost, good gas-liquid separation effect and high wet component removal rate in particular.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art vortex tube;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the vortex tube of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a liquid discharge structure in a vortex tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is another schematic view of the vortex tube of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the vortex tube of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a test piece used in test example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a test apparatus used in test example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the operating principle of the vortex tube of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the process of producing small droplets by condensation at the cold core of the vortex tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the vortex tube draining process of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of a drainage process of the porous material tube according to the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals:
1. a tube of porous material; 2. a liquid storage cavity; 201. a first reservoir; 202. a second reservoir; 203. a groove; 3. a liquid discharge pipe; 4. a back pressure regulating valve; 5. a swirling flow generating chamber; 6. an air inlet; 7. a condensing section; 8. a cold end pipe; 801. a cold end outlet; 9. a hot end tube; 901. a hot end outlet; 10. a hot end control valve; 11. a main pipeline sight glass; 12. cold end and collecting chamber sight glass.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2 to 5, a liquid discharge structure having a porous material, comprising:
the vortex tube comprises a porous material tube 1, wherein the porous material tube 1 is arranged on a vortex tube and forms one section of the vortex tube, a plurality of porous structures with liquid absorption capacity are arranged on the tube wall of the porous material tube 1, the porous structures are communicated with the inner wall and the outer wall of the porous material tube 1, liquid drops obtained by condensation in the vortex tube are absorbed into the porous structures in the porous material tube 1 through capillary force by the porous material tube 1, and liquid is discharged by means of pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material tube 1, so that gas and liquid separation is realized.
As some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of straight through holes communicating the inner wall and the outer wall of the porous material tube 1 are disposed on the tube wall of the porous material tube 1.
As some examples of the present application, the porous structure on the porous material tube 1 is a foam-like porous structure.
Preferably, the porous structure on the porous material tube 1 is a porous structure with liquid absorption capacity, the pores in the porous structure are open pores which are communicated with each other, and the pore diameter of the open pores is 0.1-100 um.
Preferably, the porous material tube 1 is arranged at a liquid discharge section of the vortex tube.
The liquid discharge section of the vortex tube is formed by condensing water vapor in moisture-containing gas in the vortex tube when the water vapor is cooled, and the small liquid drops are thrown to a wall surface area or the downstream of the wall surface area under the action of centrifugal force. As some embodiments of the present application, the liquid discharge section of the vortex tube is a section of area adjacent to both ends of the vortex generation chamber 5.
Further, the applicant has studied pore diameters of 0.3 to 0.5. Mu.m, 5 to 7 μm, 10 to 15 μm and 45 to 55 μm, respectively, and found that: when the pore diameter of the open pore is 5 to 7 μm and 10 to 15 μm, the water absorption capacity and the gas-liquid separation capacity of the porous material pipe 1 are significantly better than those of pores with other sizes, and therefore, the pore diameter of the open pore is preferably 5 to 15 μm.
Further, the porous material tube 1 is made of one or more of 3D printed metal, sintered metal, foamed ceramic or foamed plastic.
The applicant respectively adopts various materials such as 316 stainless steel, copper, polyethylene and the like to prepare the porous material pipe 1, and through experimental comparison, the following results are found: the water absorption phenomenon of 316 stainless steel is obviously better than that of other materials, so sintered metal is preferably used as the material for preparing the porous material pipe 1.
Preferably, the porosity of the porous material tube 1 is 35% to 55%.
Preferably, the length of the porous material tube 1 is 1 to 3 times its inner diameter.
Preferably, the wall thickness of the porous material tube 1 is 0.05 to 0.3 times of the inner diameter thereof.
Preferably, the cross section of the porous material tube 1 is circular ring-shaped.
Further, the liquid discharge structure of vortex tube still includes:
and the liquid storage cavity 2 is arranged around the periphery of the porous material pipe 1.
As some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the reservoir chamber 2 is formed by a first reservoir 201 and a second reservoir 202 that are relatively buckled together, and the first reservoir 201 and the second reservoir 202 are connected by a flange; a groove 203 is formed in the first reservoir 201 and the second reservoir 202, and the porous material tube 1 is mounted in the first reservoir 201 and the second reservoir 202 through the groove 203.
Preferably, a sealing gasket is provided at the junction of said groove 203 and the tube of porous material 1 to form a sealed connection of said groove 203 and the tube of porous material 1.
Further, the flowing back structure of vortex tube still includes:
and the liquid discharge pipe 3 is communicated with the liquid storage cavity 2 and is used for discharging the liquid collected in the liquid storage cavity 2.
Further, the liquid discharge structure of the vortex tube further comprises:
and the back pressure regulating valve 4 is arranged on the outer side of the porous material pipe 1 and is used for regulating the air pressure on the outer side of the porous material pipe 1, and finally regulating the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material pipe 1.
As some embodiments of the present application, the back pressure regulating valve 4 may be installed on the reservoir 2 or the drain pipe 3.
Preferably, the back pressure regulating valve 4 is mounted on the drain pipe 3.
This application flowing back structure of vortex tube is through the liquid drop that relies on porous material pipe 1 capillary force to obtain in with the vortex tube condensation in the hole of porous material pipe 1 to rely on the porous material pipe 1 inside and outside pressure difference to discharge liquid, reach the purpose of gas, liquid separation.
In addition, this application the flowing back structure of vortex tube can also reduce the gas loss volume through adjusting the pressure difference of inside and outside both sides of porous material pipe 1.
The liquid discharge structure of the vortex tube has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in operation and less gas loss amount, and can be widely applied to the dehydration process of moisture-containing gas such as natural gas.
Of course, the liquid discharge structure of the vortex tube can also be used for the dehydration process of other moisture-containing gases besides natural gas, such as methane, industrial tail gas and the like.
Example 2
A vortex tube with porous material drainage, comprising:
a rotational flow generating chamber 5, on which a tangential air inlet 6 is arranged,
a liquid discharge structure having the structure described in embodiment 1 above;
a vortex tube body communicating with the swirl generation chamber 5;
in addition, a cold end outlet 801 and a hot end outlet 901 are formed at two ends of the vortex tube body respectively, dry gas generated after dehydration of the vortex tube is discharged through the cold end outlet 801 and the hot end outlet 901 respectively, and liquid generated after dehydration is discharged through the liquid discharge structure.
Further, the vortex tube body further comprises:
the vortex tube comprises a condensation section 7, a cold end tube 8 and a hot end tube 9, wherein the condensation section 7 is a tube section in which the temperature of gas in the vortex tube body is reduced and liquid drops are generated by condensation, the cold end tube 8 and the hot end tube 9 are oppositely arranged at two ends of the vortex tube, a cold end outlet 801 is formed at one end of the cold end tube 8, and a hot end outlet 901 is formed at one end of the hot end tube 9.
As some embodiments of the present application, the drainage structure may be provided at multiple locations within the vortex tube, depending on the direction of flow of the liquid within the tube.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the swirling flow generating chamber 5, the condensing section 7 and the liquid discharge structure are sequentially arranged and communicated with each other, that is, the liquid discharge structure is arranged between the swirling flow generating chamber 5 and the hot end pipe 9.
Of course, the drainage structure may be disposed between the swirl chamber 5 and the cold-end pipe 8 as shown in fig. 4 according to the flow direction of the liquid in the pipe.
In addition, in order to collect the liquid generated by condensation more completely, the liquid discharge structure can be arranged between the rotational flow generation chamber 5 and the hot end pipe 9 and between the rotational flow generation chamber 5 and the cold end pipe 8 as shown in fig. 5.
Preferably, the liquid discharge structure is arranged between the cyclone generation chamber 5 and the cold-end pipe 8.
Furthermore, a hot end control valve 10 is arranged in the hot end outlet 901, and the hot end control valve 10 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the hot end outlet 901.
Preferably, after a groove is formed in the hot end outlet 901 and a sealing ring is arranged, the hot end control valve 10 is installed to realize the sealing connection between the hot end control valve 10 and the hot end outlet 901.
As some embodiments of the present application, the cold-end pipe 8, the swirl generation chamber 5 and the condensation section 7 are connected by welding, riveting, screwing, flange, etc.
Preferably, the cold end pipe 8, the rotational flow generation chamber 5 and the condensation section 7 are connected by flanges.
As some embodiments of the present application, the condensation section 7 and the liquid storage cavity 2 are connected by welding, riveting, screwing, flange, etc.
Preferably, the condensation section 7 and the liquid storage cavity 2 are hermetically connected in a welding manner.
As some embodiments of the present application, the hot end pipe 9 and the liquid storage cavity 2 are connected by welding, riveting, screwing, flange or the like.
Preferably, the hot end pipe 9 and the liquid storage cavity 2 are hermetically connected in a welding mode.
Example 3
A gas-liquid separation method for the vortex tube described in embodiment 2 above, comprising the steps of:
s1, high-pressure moisture-containing gas enters a rotational flow generating chamber 5 through a gas inlet 6 along a tangential direction, and rotational flow is formed in the rotational flow generating chamber 5;
s2, enabling the rotational flow in the rotational flow generating chamber 5 to enter a main body of a rotational flow tube, reducing the temperature of gas in a condensation section 7 in the main body of the rotational flow tube, generating liquid drops through condensation, enabling the liquid drops to reach the inner wall surface of the porous material tube 1 under the action of centrifugal force, and enabling the liquid drops to be absorbed by the porous material tube 1 under the action of capillary action and the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material tube 1 and enter pores in the porous material tube 1;
s3, discharging the liquid in the pores to the liquid storage cavity 2 under the action of the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material pipe 1;
and S4, discharging the liquid collected in the liquid storage cavity 2 through the liquid discharge pipe 3, and simultaneously discharging the dry gas after water vapor is separated out through the cold end outlet 801 and the hot end outlet 901.
Further, in the step S3, the magnitude of the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the porous material tube 1 may be adjusted by the back pressure adjusting valve 4.
The working principle of the vortex tube and the gas-liquid separation method is as follows:
the porous material pipe 1 has good liquid absorption capacity, when high-pressure moisture-containing gas is separated out from the condensation section 7 due to refrigeration effect liquid drops, then due to the action of centrifugal force, the liquid drops are thrown to the inner side wall surface of the condensation section 7 to form a liquid film, the liquid film flows along with air flow and passes through the porous material pipe 1, due to capillary action, the liquid film is absorbed by pores in the porous material pipe 1, and the pores in the porous material pipe 1 are filled with the liquid continuously. At this time, the gas near the liquid needs to overcome the on-way resistance caused by the micropores when the gas circulates in the pores of the porous material tube 1, so that the porous material filled with the liquid can further hinder the gas from circulating in the porous material. Along with the gradual increase of the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material pipe 1, when the pressure difference is increased to overcome the capillary force of liquid, the gas can discharge the liquid in the porous material pipe 1, and the discharged liquid is collected in the liquid storage cavity 2 outside the porous material pipe 1, so that the gas-liquid separation is realized.
Ideally, in the working process of the vortex tube, on one hand, the liquid is continuously absorbed by the porous material tube 1; on the other hand, the gas can discharge the liquid out of the porous material tube 1 under the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the porous material tube 1, so as to achieve the best gas-liquid separation effect.
Before the vortex tube is actually used, the pressure difference meters are arranged at the inner and outer positions of the porous material tube 1 under corresponding working conditions, and the minimum inner and outer pressure difference required by the liquid drainage of the porous material tube 1 is automatically measured and collected, for example, the inner and outer pressure differences of the porous material tube 1 can be continuously increased from 0 through the back pressure regulating valve 4 until the liquid drainage phenomenon of the porous material tube 1 begins to appear.
In the actual use process, the acquisition result of the differential pressure gauge can be fed back to the back pressure regulating valve 4, and the back pressure regulating valve 4 is automatically regulated to the measured minimum inner and outer differential pressure positions, so that the vortex tube can realize the optimal gas-liquid separation effect.
Chinese patent publication No. CN104121716B also discloses a vortex tube, which includes: vortex tube body, the vortex tube body is including the intake pipe that is equipped with inlet channel, the cold end pipe that is equipped with cold airflow channel and the hot end pipe that is equipped with hot airflow channel, and further, this patent still points out: the inner wall of the expansion section of the cold airflow channel is provided with a plurality of through holes, and the vortex tube body also comprises a return pipe, wherein one end of the return pipe is communicated with the hot airflow channel in the hot end tube, and the other end of the return pipe is communicated with the cold airflow channel of the cold end tube through the through holes on the expansion section of the cold airflow channel. When the vortex tube is used, partial heat flow of the hot end tube can be guided to the cold end tube through the return tube, then enters the cold air flow passage expansion section through the through hole in the cold end tube, and the temperature of the cold flow at the expansion section of the cold end tube is increased after the cold flow and the heat flow are mixed under the action of the introduced partial heat flow, so that the freezing and the blocking of the cold end tube are effectively reduced and prevented.
The comparison finds that: the plurality of through holes arranged on the inner wall of the expansion section of the cold airflow channel disclosed in the patent are completely different from the working principle and the realized technical effect of the porous material pipe 1, and the two through holes are substantially different from each other.
The gas-liquid separation effect of the vortex tube described in the present application was investigated by the following test examples:
test example 1
In order to research the gas-liquid separation effect of the vortex tube, the vortex tube with the structure shown in fig. 6 is prepared, and the separation performance and the dehydration capacity of the vortex tube are researched by taking air as a working medium:
we found that: in the vortex tube gas-liquid separation process, almost all condensed water is formed at the cold end. Therefore, in the present test example, as shown in fig. 6, the porous material pipe is provided as the drainage structure only at a position near the cold end.
During the test, in order to observe and collect the condensed water, the cold end made of transparent quartz and the liquid collecting cavity sight glass 12 are arranged outside the porous material pipe, and a small water outlet is arranged on the liquid storing cavity. In addition, a part of main pipeline sight glass 11 is arranged in the main pipeline of the vortex tube and is used for observing whether condensed water is formed in the main pipeline.
The test procedure was carried out using a test apparatus as shown in FIG. 7, in which compressed air was supplied by a screw compressor (rated flow of compressed air of 60 Nm) 3 H, maximum pressure 0.8 MPa). In order to make the water content at the air inlet of the vortex tube higher and make the drainage phenomenon of the porous material tube more obvious, an electric heating type air heater is adopted to increase the temperature of compressed air, so that the working temperature at the air inlet of the vortex tube is about 27-29 ℃.
When saturated humid air is needed as a working medium in the test process, the air can be saturated and humidified in the humidifier. In addition, in order to prevent liquid drops from entering the vortex tube from the humidifier and ensure the gas state of the inlet, a cyclone separator is adopted to treat the compressed air after the humidifier. The pressure at the vortex tube inlet does not exceed 2bar, and the pressure is gauge pressure as described herein.
In the experimental process, saturated humid air is obtained after air passes through the compressor, the air heater, the humidifier and the cyclone separator in sequence.
In the test apparatus shown in fig. 5, the air may be passed through a compressor and an air heater in this order to obtain dry air.
During the test, the key parameters and working conditions of the vortex tube used in the test example 1 are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 vortex tube Key parameters and operating conditions
In the course of the test, to evaluate the performance of the vortex tube, the cold mass fraction ε of the vortex tube was first defined as the ratio of the cold outlet mass flow to the cold inlet mass flow. The cold mass fraction range in this study was 0.1-0.9.
The dew point is an important parameter in the dehydration process of natural gas, so the dew point drop is one of indexes for evaluating the dehydration performance, and the dew point drop is defined as the difference value of the inlet dew point and the outlet dew point.
Considering that the moisture content studied under the current working conditions is very small, the liquid quantity of the discharge opening is in the order of tens of grams per hour, at which time it is very difficult to collect the liquid of the discharge opening completely even if a condensed water tank is used. Therefore, we adopt the water cut reduction rate
To evaluate the dehydration performance of the tested vortex tube, wherein the water content reduction rate
Can be obtained by:
in formula (I), d c 、d h The water content of the gas at the cold end outlet and the hot end outlet is g/kgair; d in The water content of the air inlet of the vortex tube is g/kgair;
the water content reduction rate of the cold end outlet;
the water content reduction rate of the hot end outlet. The value of the moisture content in this application is determined according to the recommendations of the world weather organization.
Then, the total water cut reduction rate of the two outlets
Sum of
Comprises the following steps:
since the parameters determining the performance of the vortex tube were inlet pressure, temperature difference, mass flow, dew point drop and change in water cut, an uncertainty analysis was performed using these parameters. In vortex tube performance testing, the most important measurement devices are temperature, flow meters, pressure probes, and humidity sensors. These parameters were analyzed for uncertainty. According to the measurement result and the sensitivity value of the device, the maximum uncertainty values of the parameters are respectively +/-1.81% of pressure, +/-1.65% of mass flow, +/-1.72% of temperature difference, +/-2.32% of dew point drop and +/-2.64% of water content change. The uncertainty of each parameter is within an acceptable range.
Through the heat and mass transfer process of the detected vortex tube, the following are found: when the pressure of the air inlet is 2.0bar and epsilon =0.45, the dew point drop of the two outlets is 18.3 ℃, and the reduction rate of the total water content is 61.1 percent, which proves that the vortex tube taking the porous material tube 1 as the drainage part is a gas dehydration device with excellent gas-liquid separation effect.
That is, the vortex tube described in experimental example 1 achieved dehydration of moisture-containing gas and gas-liquid separation of the porous material tube 1, and dehumidified gas was obtained at the outlet. And by providing the porous material tube 1 as a water discharge part, the adverse effect of the water discharge process and the amount of gas discharged from the water discharge port can be minimized, compared to the conventional annular space water discharge part.
Based on the experimental example, through a series of unsteady numerical simulations and flow visualization, we propose the working principle of the vortex tube flow structure and energy separation process as shown in fig. 8 to 11:
first, as shown in fig. 8, energy is transferred uniformly through the reverse flow boundary from the inner layer to the outer periphery by periodic oscillation of large-scale precessing vortices; a cold core region is then formed around the tube shaft at the cold end.
On the basis, when the working medium is moisture-containing gas, the energy separation of the vortex tube must consider the phase change process. When the moist compressed gas is injected tangentially into the primary channel, as shown in figures 9 to 10, small droplets of condensed liquid appear in the cold core region due to refrigeration. Ideally, on the one hand, these condensed droplets are carried by the return flow to the cold end due to the axial counterpressure pressure gradient; on the other hand, small liquid drops collide and gather to form large liquid drops at the cold end, and then the large liquid drops are thrown to the outer layer by centrifugal force to form a liquid film appearing on the inner wall of the porous material pipe 1.
As shown in fig. 11, when the liquid film reaches the porous material tube 1, the liquid is rapidly absorbed by the porous material tube 1 due to the surface tension, and occupies the pores. However, for gases, flow resistance is encountered through the small pores of the porous material tube 1. When the force of the gas pressure difference between the cold end and the liquid collection chamber is greater than the force of the surface tension of the liquid, the gas pushes the liquid out of the pores of the porous material tube 1, forming a droplet splash as shown in fig. 9.
Ideally, if the condensate occupies all the pores of the porous material tube 1 at all times and the gas pressure difference is slightly higher than the liquid surface tension, the gas leakage of the porous material tube 1 can be kept to a minimum for a long period of time.
In summary, it is not difficult to obtain: the vortex tube with the porous material liquid drainage structure and the gas-liquid separation method thereof have the following advantages:
firstly, the vortex tube liquid discharge structure is realized by arranging the porous material tube in the vortex tube, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and easy realization;
secondly, the porous material tube sucks liquid drops obtained by condensation in the vortex tube into a porous structure in the porous material tube by utilizing capillary force, and discharges liquid by means of pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material tube, so that efficient gas-liquid separation is realized, the gas content in a liquid storage cavity can be greatly reduced, and the increase of equipment and operation complexity caused by extra gas-liquid separation at a liquid discharge port is avoided;
thirdly, the gas-liquid separation effect of the vortex tube has low dependence on the internal structure, the size and the like of the vortex tube and less limitation, and the design freedom of the vortex tube can be improved;
fourthly, the gas-liquid separation is realized by using continuous porous material tubes in the vortex tube, so that the wall surface structure is not obviously changed, the flow field in the pipeline is not obviously influenced, the gas-liquid separation effect of the device is further reduced, and the efficient and stable operation of the device is ensured;
fifthly, the vortex tube of the invention has no moving parts inside, thus ensuring the stability of the operation;
sixthly, no chemical reagent is needed to be added, and water vapor is condensed and separated out by means of the thermodynamic characteristics of the device, so that the formation of a hydrate is avoided;
seventh, this application vortex tube passes through back pressure governing valve control stock solution intracavity pressure in the use, can effectively reduce gas discharge.
In a word, the vortex tube with the porous material liquid drainage structure and the gas-liquid separation method thereof have the advantages of simple structure, simple design and processing, no moving part, stable operation, lower cost, good gas-liquid separation effect and high wet component removal rate in particular.
Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A vortex tube having a porous material drainage structure, comprising:
a rotational flow generating chamber (5) which is provided with a tangential air inlet (6);
a vortex tube body communicating with the vortex generation chamber (5);
liquid discharge structure;
a cold end outlet (801) and a hot end outlet (901) are formed at two ends of the vortex tube body respectively, dry gas generated after dehydration of the vortex tube is discharged through the cold end outlet (801) and the hot end outlet (901) respectively, and liquid generated after dehydration is discharged through the liquid discharge structure;
it is characterized in that the liquid discharge structure comprises:
the vortex tube comprises a porous material tube (1) which is arranged on the vortex tube and forms one section of the vortex tube, wherein the tube wall of the porous material tube (1) is provided with a plurality of porous structures with liquid absorption capacity, the porous structures are communicated with the inner wall and the outer wall of the porous material tube (1), the porous material tube (1) absorbs liquid drops obtained by condensation in the vortex tube into the porous structures in the porous material tube (1) by utilizing capillary force, and discharges the liquid by means of pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material tube (1), so that gas and liquid separation is realized.
2. The vortex tube of claim 1 wherein the apertures in the pore structure are open interconnected pores.
3. The vortex tube of claim 2 wherein the open holes have a pore size of 0.1 to 100um.
4. Vortex tube according to claim 2, characterized in that the porosity of the porous material tube (1) is 35-55% and the pore size of the open pores is 5-15 μm.
5. Vortex tube according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that the porous material tube (1) is made of one or more of 3D printed metal, sintered metal, ceramic foam or plastic foam.
6. Vortex tube according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that the length of the porous material tube (1) is 1-3 times its inner diameter; the wall thickness of the porous material pipe (1) is 0.05-0.3 times of the inner diameter of the porous material pipe.
7. The vortex tube of claim 1, wherein the drain structure of the vortex tube further comprises:
a liquid storage cavity (2) arranged around the periphery of the porous material pipe (1).
8. The vortex tube of claim 7, wherein the drain structure of the vortex tube further comprises:
the liquid discharge pipe (3) is communicated with the liquid storage cavity (2) and is used for discharging liquid in the liquid storage cavity (2);
and the back pressure regulating valve (4) is arranged on the outer side of the porous material pipe (1) and is used for regulating the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material pipe (1).
9. The vortex tube of claim 8, wherein the vortex tube body comprises:
the condenser comprises a condensation section (7), a cold end pipe (8) and a hot end pipe (9), wherein the cold end pipe (8) and the hot end pipe (9) are oppositely arranged at two ends of the vortex tube, a cold end outlet (801) is formed at one end of the cold end pipe (8), and a hot end outlet (901) is formed at one end of the hot end pipe (9);
the liquid discharge structure is arranged between the rotational flow generation chamber (5) and the hot end pipe (9), and/or the liquid discharge structure is arranged between the rotational flow generation chamber (5) and the cold end pipe (8).
10. A gas-liquid separation method for use in the vortex tube according to any one of claims 8 to 9, the gas-liquid separation method comprising the steps of:
s1, high-pressure moisture-containing gas enters a rotational flow generating chamber through a gas inlet along a tangential direction, and rotational flow is formed in the rotational flow generating chamber;
s2, enabling the rotational flow in the rotational flow generating chamber to enter a vortex tube body, reducing the gas temperature at a condensation section in the vortex tube body, condensing to generate liquid drops, and enabling the liquid drops to reach the inner wall surface of the porous material tube under the action of centrifugal force, be absorbed by the porous material tube and enter pores in the porous material tube;
s3, discharging the liquid in the pores to a liquid storage cavity under the action of the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the porous material pipe;
and S4, discharging the liquid collected in the liquid storage cavity through a liquid discharge pipe, and simultaneously discharging the dry gas after water vapor is separated out through a cold end outlet and a hot end outlet.
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