CN115226715A - 一种引诱剂组合物在杀虫剂中的应用及杀虫剂 - Google Patents
一种引诱剂组合物在杀虫剂中的应用及杀虫剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115226715A CN115226715A CN202210868351.9A CN202210868351A CN115226715A CN 115226715 A CN115226715 A CN 115226715A CN 202210868351 A CN202210868351 A CN 202210868351A CN 115226715 A CN115226715 A CN 115226715A
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Classifications
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- A01N31/16—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system with two or more oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种引诱剂组合物在杀虫剂中的应用，所述引诱剂组合物包括单萜、倍半萜及其含氧衍生物、芳香族化合物和脂肪族化合物。本发明还提供了一种杀虫剂，所述杀虫剂包括上述引诱剂组合物和杀虫活性成分。本发明可诱导附近尚未接触到杀虫剂的个体以及新入侵种群与药膜有效接触，使灭杀更为彻底，从而解决环境中残留害虫再猖獗、灭效难以巩固的技术难题，同时也可减少杀虫剂使用量，降低除害成本，保护环境。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及害虫杀灭领域，具体涉及一种引诱剂组合物在杀虫剂中的应用及杀虫剂。
背景技术
植物精油及其有效成分因其作用方式独特，对害虫可表现出毒杀、熏蒸、驱避、引诱、抑制生长发育等生物活性，而且毒性低、不污染环境、不易产生抗药性，近年来在害虫防治中不断被开发应用。
在植物精油及其有效成分作为引诱剂应用方面，主要的应用模式是开发成各种类型的诱芯或诱饵，再以物理诱捕器、化学毒杀剂或是通过引诱害虫天敌寄生来杀灭害虫，特别是应用在农业和林业害虫的防治中，如专利“星天牛引诱剂”公开号CN 103766337 A、“一种柏树类蛀干害虫缓释引诱剂”公开号CN 103947693 A、“一种基于植物精油的稻虱缨小蜂引诱剂及其应用”公开号CN 105532762 A等，迄今尚未发现在杀虫剂，尤其是在喷洒型剂型中应用引诱性精油或其有效成分，的例子。
喷洒型杀虫剂作为害虫防治的重要手段，施药是否到位，是防治能否成功的重要原因，如果遗漏了害虫重要栖息地、药剂处理不彻底，害虫便会在很短的时间内再度猖獗，降低防治效果。而施药到位也就意味着施药范围应尽可能地覆盖害虫栖息、活动场所，客观上会造成药物过渡使用、扩大环境污染等一系列问题。
发明内容
试验证明，一些植物精油或其有效成分，如单萜、倍半萜及其含氧衍生物、芳香族化合物和脂肪族化合物，对害虫具引诱的功能，可以作为引诱剂，用于制备喷洒型杀虫剂；
本发明的目的是公开一种引诱剂组合物在杀虫剂中的应用及杀虫剂，用以克服害虫防治现有技术存在的缺陷，提高灭杀效果，降低杀虫剂使用量，减少环境污染。
本发明所述的一种引诱剂组合物在杀虫剂中的应用，具体为，所述引诱剂组合物的成分包括单萜、倍半萜及其含氧衍生物、芳香族化合物和脂肪族化合物中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述杀虫剂是喷洒型杀虫剂。
优选地，所述引诱剂组合物在所述杀虫剂中的重量百分比为0.05％-30％。
优选地，所述引诱剂组合物包括肉桂醛、胡椒酚、茴香醛、柠檬醛、香芹酮、桉叶醇、丁香酚、香叶醇、芳樟醇、紫苏醛、紫苏酸甲酯、罗勒烯、蒎烯、橙花醇、呋喃酮、香兰素、水杨酸甲酯、水杨酸戊酯、β月桂烯、香茅醇、甲基丁香酚、香芹酚和1-辛烯-3-醇中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述引诱剂组合物提取自唇形科、芸香科、樟科、菊科、伞形科、桃金娘科、松科、柏科、蔷薇科、木犀科、牻牛儿苗科、番荔枝科、马鞭草科、禾本科、安息香科、姜科、木兰科、胡椒科、杜鹃科、芸香科、伞形科、菊科、百合科、毛茛科、瑞香科、龙脑香科植物中的一种或多种。
本发明所述的杀虫剂，包括权利要求1-2所述的引诱剂组合物和杀虫活性成分。
优选地，所述杀虫剂还满足以下条件中的一种或多种：
①所述杀虫活性成分包括有机磷、拟除虫菊酯类、氨基甲酸酯类、有机氟类、昆虫生长调节剂、微生物源杀虫剂和植物源杀虫剂中的一种或多种；
②所述喷洒型杀虫剂还包括溶剂，所述溶剂选自醇类、酮类、醚类、脂肪酸酯、植物油或矿物油中的一种或多种；
③所述喷洒型杀虫剂还包括乳化剂，所述乳化剂选自阴离子表面活性剂或非离子表面活性剂中的一种或多种；
④所述喷洒型杀虫剂还包括分散剂，所述分散剂选自阴离子分散剂或非离子分散剂中的一种或多种；
⑤所述喷洒型杀虫剂还包括增稠剂，所述增稠剂选自非离子增稠剂和/或水溶性高分子；
⑥所述喷洒型杀虫剂还包括稳定剂，所述稳定剂选自溶剂类稳定剂、环氧化植物油及其衍生物、环氧化脂肪酸酯及其衍生物、防冻剂和pH调节剂中的一种或多种；
⑦所述喷洒型杀虫剂还包括消泡剂，所述消泡剂选自聚醚改性聚硅氧烷类、有机硅化合物、聚醚类中的一种或多种。
⑧所述引诱剂组合物的重量含量0.05％-30％；
⑨所述杀虫活性成分重量含量为0.01％-50％；
⑩所述杀虫剂为喷洒型杀虫剂。
优选地，所述的杀虫剂还满足以下条件：
所述乳化剂选自烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚类、烷基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚类、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚及类似物、烷基苯磺酸盐类、烷基磺酸盐类、脂肪醇硫酸盐类和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐类中的一种或多种；
和/或，所述分散剂选自烷基萘磺酸盐类、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物、木质素磺酸盐类、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯类、乙二胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚类中的一种或多种；
和/或，所述润湿剂选自烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚类、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚类、脂肪醇硫酸盐类、α-烯烃磺酸盐类、二烷基丁二酸酯磺酸盐类、脂肪酰胺N-甲基牛磺酸盐类中的一种或多种；
和/或，所述增稠剂选自纤维素类、聚丙烯酸类、天然胶及其改性物、无机高分子及其改性物中的一种或多种。
优选地，上述杀虫剂可以为以下三种配方剂型中的一种：
水乳剂，重量百分比的组分：
微乳剂，重量百分比的组分：
悬浮剂，重量百分比的组分：
本发明相比于现有技术的有益效果是：
1.更高效的害虫灭杀。将引诱性物质加入喷洒型等剂型的杀虫制剂，药物喷洒在物体表面后可诱导附近尚未接触到杀虫剂的个体以及新入侵种群与药膜有效接触，使灭杀更为彻底，从而解决环境中残留害虫再猖獗、灭效难以巩固的技术难题。
2.降低除害成本。杀虫剂中的引诱性物质提高灭杀效率，使得通过更少的杀虫剂使用量能够达到相同的灭虫效果，降低了灭虫的成本。
3.安全、环保。杀虫剂中的引诱剂物质作为植物精油的活性成分，可从植物中提取或化学合成，具备低毒、环境相容性好的优势。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。比例和百分比基于重量，除非特别说明。
实施例1
取10份丁香酚和0.5份氟氯氰菊酯，以5份丙酮溶解混合均匀，再加入10份十二烷基苯磺酸钙和15份壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚，搅拌混合成均质乳液；然后在搅拌条件下，缓慢加入由1.5份聚乙烯醇和58份去离子水组成的水溶液中，搅拌30min后制得氟氯氰菊酯·丁香酚水乳剂A。取0.5份氟氯氰菊酯，以丙酮2份溶解混合均匀，再加入5份十二烷基苯磺酸钙和5份壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚，搅拌混合成均质乳液；然后在搅拌条件下，缓慢加入由1.5份聚乙烯醇和86份去离子水组成的水溶液中，搅拌30min后制得氟氯氰菊酯水乳剂B。
实施例2
水乳剂灭蚊药效测试。将实施例1所制的水乳剂A与水乳剂B加水10倍稀释后均匀喷洒在600mm×400mm大小的粘胶板上，另设大小相同的丙酮液粘胶板为对照组，自然晾干后备用。药效测试在专用的模拟现场实验室(国家标准，容积28m3，高2.5m的房间)进行，将制备的水乳剂A胶板与水乳剂B胶板以胶带固定在实验室两面相对的墙壁中央位置，丙酮空白对照胶板相应地固定在另外两面墙壁中央。试验开始后从放虫孔引入白纹伊蚊100只，24小时后取出粘胶板，计数所粘蚊虫数并记录死亡数，以针拨虫体时，四肢无反应者认定为死亡。试验重复3次取平均值计，并计算校正死亡率，校正死亡率为(试验组死亡率-空白组平均死亡率)/试验组死亡率。结果见下表：
试验表明，氟氯氰菊酯·丁香酚水乳剂对蚊虫具较好的引诱性与灭杀效果；而单一配方的氟氯氰菊酯水乳剂仅有较好的灭杀效果，但不具引诱性。
实施例3
取10份茴香精油、0.5份溴氰菊酯、8份环己酮、25份烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物、10份烷基苯磺酸钠、5.5份聚乙二醇，一起加入反应釜，搅拌均匀后，加入41份去离子水，常温搅拌制得溴氰菊酯·茴香精油微乳剂C。取0.5份溴氰菊酯、2份环己酮、10份烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物、8份烷基苯磺酸钠、5.5份聚乙二醇，一起加入反应釜，搅拌均匀后，加入74份去离子水，常温搅拌制得溴氰菊酯微乳剂D。
实施例4
微乳剂灭蝇药效测试。将实施例3所制的微乳剂E与微乳剂F加水10倍稀释后均匀喷洒在600mm×400mm大小的粘胶板上，另设大小相同的丙酮液粘胶板为对照组，自然晾干后备用。药效测试方法同实施例2，试验开始后从放虫孔引入家蝇100只，24小时后取出粘胶板，计数所粘家蝇数并记录死亡数，以针拨虫体时，四肢无反应者认定为死亡。试验重复3次取平均值计，并计算校正死亡率，校正死亡率为(试验组死亡率-空白组平均死亡率)/试验组死亡率。结果见下表：
试验表明，溴氰菊酯·茴香精油微乳剂对家蝇具一定的引诱性；而单一配方的溴氰菊酯微乳剂仅有较好的灭杀效果，不具引诱性。
实施例5
取8份芳樟醇、40份残杀威、2份十二烷基苯磺酸钙、3份木质素磺酸磺酸钠、0.2份甲基羟乙基纤维素重量份、4.5份乙二醇、0.3份聚氧丙烯甘油醚、42份去离子水，将组分混匀后，于球磨机中球磨，得残杀威·芳樟醇悬浮剂E。取40份残杀威、2份十二烷基苯磺酸钙、3份木质素磺酸磺酸钠、0.2份甲基羟乙基纤维素、4.5份乙二醇、0.3份聚氧丙烯甘油醚、50份
去离子水，将组分混匀后，于球磨机中球磨，得残杀威悬浮剂F。
实施例6
悬浮剂灭蟑螂药效测试。将实施例5所制的悬浮剂E与悬浮剂F加水8倍稀释后均匀喷洒在600mm×400mm大小的粘胶板上，另设大小相同的丙酮液粘胶板为对照组，自然晾干后备用。药效测试方法同实施例2，试验开始后从放虫孔引入德国小蠊100只，24小时后取出粘胶板，计数所粘德国小蠊数并记录死亡数，以针拨虫体时，四肢无反应者认定为死亡。试验重复3次取平均值计，并计算校正死亡率，校正死亡率为(试验组死亡率-空白组平均死亡率)/试验组死亡率。结果见下表：
试验表明，残杀威·芳樟醇悬浮剂对德国小蠊具较好的引诱性与灭杀效果；而单一配方的残杀威悬浮剂仅有较好的灭杀效果，但不具引诱性。
除上述实施例外，本发明还可以有其他实施方式。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案，包括其他可湿性粉剂、悬浮乳剂、乳油等喷射型使用剂型均落在本发明要求的保护范围。
Claims (11)
1.一种引诱剂组合物在杀虫剂中的应用，其特征在于，所述引诱剂组合物的成分包括单萜、倍半萜及其含氧衍生物、芳香族化合物和脂肪族化合物中的一种或多种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述杀虫剂是喷洒型杀虫剂。
3.根据权利要求1-2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述引诱剂组合物在所述杀虫剂中的重量百分比为0.05％-30％。
4.一种权利要求1-2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述引诱剂组合物包括肉桂醛、胡椒酚、茴香醛、柠檬醛、香芹酮、桉叶醇、丁香酚、香叶醇、芳樟醇、紫苏醛、紫苏酸甲酯、罗勒烯、蒎烯、橙花醇、呋喃酮、香兰素、水杨酸甲酯、水杨酸戊酯、β月桂烯、香茅醇、甲基丁香酚、香芹酚和1-辛烯-3-醇中的一种或多种。
5.一种权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于，所述引诱剂组合物提取自唇形科、芸香科、樟科、菊科、伞形科、桃金娘科、松科、柏科、蔷薇科、木犀科、牻牛儿苗科、番荔枝科、马鞭草科、禾本科、安息香科、姜科、木兰科、胡椒科、杜鹃科、芸香科、伞形科、菊科、百合科、毛茛科、瑞香科、龙脑香科植物中的一种或多种。
6.一种权利要求1所述的杀虫剂，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-2所述的引诱剂组合物和杀虫活性成分。
7.根据权利要去6所述的杀虫剂，其特征在于，满足以下条件中的一种或多种：
①所述杀虫活性成分包括有机磷、拟除虫菊酯类、氨基甲酸酯类、有机氟类、昆虫生长调节剂、微生物源杀虫剂和植物源杀虫剂中的一种或多种；
②所述喷洒型杀虫剂还包括溶剂，所述溶剂选自醇类、酮类、醚类、脂肪酸酯、植物油或矿物油中的一种或多种；
③所述喷洒型杀虫剂还包括乳化剂，所述乳化剂选自阴离子表面活性剂或非离子表面活性剂中的一种或多种；
④所述喷洒型杀虫剂还包括分散剂，所述分散剂选自阴离子分散剂或非离子分散剂中的一种或多种；
⑤所述喷洒型杀虫剂还包括增稠剂，所述增稠剂选自非离子增稠剂和/或水溶性高分子；
⑥所述喷洒型杀虫剂还包括稳定剂，所述稳定剂选自溶剂类稳定剂、环氧化植物油及其衍生物、环氧化脂肪酸酯及其衍生物、防冻剂和pH调节剂中的一种或多种；
⑦所述喷洒型杀虫剂还包括消泡剂，所述消泡剂选自聚醚改性聚硅氧烷类、有机硅化合物、聚醚类中的一种或多种。
⑧所述引诱剂组合物的重量含量0.05％-30％；
⑨所述杀虫活性成分重量含量为0.01％-50％；
⑩所述杀虫剂为喷洒型杀虫剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的杀虫剂，其特征在于，
所述乳化剂选自烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚类、烷基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚类、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚及类似物、烷基苯磺酸盐类、烷基磺酸盐类、脂肪醇硫酸盐类和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐类中的一种或多种；
和/或，所述分散剂选自烷基萘磺酸盐类、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物、木质素磺酸盐类、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯类、乙二胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚类中的一种或多种；
和/或，所述润湿剂选自烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚类、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚类、脂肪醇硫酸盐类、α-烯烃磺酸盐类、二烷基丁二酸酯磺酸盐类、脂肪酰胺N-甲基牛磺酸盐类中的一种或多种；
和/或，所述增稠剂选自纤维素类、聚丙烯酸类、天然胶及其改性物、无机高分子及其改性物中的一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求7-8的杀虫剂，其特征在于，所述杀虫剂为水乳剂，包括如下重量百分比的组分：
10.根据权利要求7-8的杀虫剂，其特征在于，所述杀虫剂为微乳剂，
包括如下重量百分比的组分：
11.根据权利要求7-8的杀虫剂，其特征在于，所述杀虫剂为悬浮剂，
包括如下重量百分比的组分：
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