CN115226648B - Small-sized automatic animal behavior training system and training method - Google Patents
Small-sized automatic animal behavior training system and training method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115226648B CN115226648B CN202210842888.8A CN202210842888A CN115226648B CN 115226648 B CN115226648 B CN 115226648B CN 202210842888 A CN202210842888 A CN 202210842888A CN 115226648 B CN115226648 B CN 115226648B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K15/00—Devices for taming animals, e.g. nose-rings or hobbles; Devices for overturning animals in general; Training or exercising equipment; Covering boxes
- A01K15/02—Training or exercising equipment, e.g. mazes or labyrinths for animals ; Electric shock devices ; Toys specially adapted for animals
- A01K15/027—Exercising equipment, e.g. tread mills, carousels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
- A01K1/03—Housing for domestic or laboratory animals
- A01K1/031—Cages for laboratory animals; Cages for measuring metabolism of animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
- A01K1/035—Devices for use in keeping domestic animals, e.g. fittings in housings or dog beds
- A01K1/0356—Feeding or drinking devices associated with cages
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K7/00—Watering equipment for stock or game
- A01K7/02—Automatic devices ; Medication dispensers
- A01K7/06—Automatic devices ; Medication dispensers actuated by the animal
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a small-sized automatic animal behavior training system, which comprises an animal raising cage, wherein a grid is arranged above the animal raising cage, one side of the grid is V-shaped, a training device is arranged in the animal raising cage, and a microcontroller is arranged in the training device; the left side and the right side of the central axis of the training device are respectively provided with a visual stimulus presentation device and a behavior detection device, the behavior detection device is positioned below the visual stimulus presentation device, and a drinking water/rewarding device is arranged in the middle of the lower part of the training device; two drinking water bottles are arranged in the V-shaped at one side of the grid, the water outlet of each drinking water bottle is communicated with a drinking water/rewarding device through a water guide pipe, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged between the water guide pipe and the drinking water/rewarding device; the microcontroller is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve, the visual stimulus presentation device, the behavior detection device and the drinking water/rewarding device. The method can be applied to animals with certain primary operation behavior capability for behavior training.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal behavior training, relates to an operational condition reaction training paradigm based on compression bar behaviors as reaction animal decision results, and particularly relates to a small-sized automatic animal behavior training system and method.
Background
Brain science research is called "the last leading edge of human science", one of its main research tasks is to elucidate the neural mechanisms of brain operations behind animal behaviors, and thus animal behavioural experiments in rodents or primates are required in the field of basic research of neuroscience. The development of new technologies such as optogenetics, miniscope calcium imaging, and the like, combined with rodent or primate behaviours, provides a convenient tool for revealing the behavioural dorsal nerve coding. However, since the conventional training animal learning experimental behavior patterns need to be observed by scientific researchers at all times to ensure that behavior training is smoothly performed and to timely transfer untrained experimental animals into experimental equipment, the conventional animal training method not only requires a great deal of manpower, but also slows down training and experimental progress.
In current rodent experiments, a lot of behaviors are trained by taking the behaviors of a compression bar or nose touch of animals as a reporting means, but the two behaviors which are seemingly simple consume a lot of training time. Because experimental animals are kept in the rearing cage for most of the time, if a set of automatic animal behavior training system can be installed on the rearing cage to train the animals to execute a complete experimental model, or the animal can learn the behaviors of nose touch, compression bar and the like guided by primary signals, the training process can be greatly accelerated, so that the scientific research burden and the scientific research expenditure are reduced. However, on one hand, animal behavior training systems in the market today are often tens to hundreds of thousands, even with millions of behavior facilities, making most scientific research institutions and laboratories unsustainable. On the other hand, the traditional animal behavior equipment has complex structure and large volume and is not suitable for being installed in a small animal raising cage. Moreover, conventional animal equipment requires computer equipment to assist at all times and is difficult to install in multiple feeder cages. Accordingly, there is a need in the art to develop a compact, inexpensive, automated animal behavioral training system that does not require computer equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a small-sized automatic animal behavior training system and a training method.
In order to achieve the above task, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
the small-sized automatic animal behavior training system comprises an animal raising cage with a grid, wherein one side of the grid is V-shaped; the left side and the right side of the central axis of the training device are respectively provided with a visual stimulus presentation device and a behavior detection device, the behavior detection device is positioned below the visual stimulus presentation device, and a drinking water/rewarding device is arranged in the middle of the lower part of the training device; two drinking water bottles are arranged in the V-shaped at one side of the grid, the water outlet of each drinking water bottle is communicated with a drinking water/rewarding device through a water guide pipe, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged between the water guide pipe and the drinking water/rewarding device; the microcontroller is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve, the visual stimulus presentation device, the behavior detection device and the drinking water/rewarding device.
According to the invention, the visual stimulus presentation means select white/yellow/green LED light emitting diodes; the behavior detection device selects an infrared sensing switch, a lever switch or a nose touch device.
In particular, the drinking/rewarding device is a metallic drinking spout.
Further, the training device main body is made of PLA polylactic acid fiber materials through 3D printing, and the layout of the training device can be adjusted at will according to requirements.
Preferably, the height of the drinking/rewarding device is 1-3 cm from the ground of the bottom of the rearing cage.
The drinking bottles are respectively filled with liquid with different tastes.
The method for training the mouse compression bar by the small-sized automatic animal behavior training system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: putting the mice in an animal raising cage for compression bar behavior training, and respectively filling syrup and distilled water in a drinking bottle;
s2: after the accumulated times of the pressure lever of the mouse are more than m times or the electromagnetic valve of the distilled water drinking bottle is controlled to be closed for more than n hours, the electromagnetic valve is opened, and the mouse can drink water from the metal drinking nozzle freely;
s3: an adaptation process comprising:
(a) The electromagnetic valve for controlling the distilled water drinking bottle is always in an open state;
(b) If the mouse touches any lever, the electromagnetic valve of the sugar bottle is controlled to be opened for 120 seconds;
(c) Determining whether the mice lick water, if the mice do not lick water, manually dripping sugar water rewards at the metal drinking nozzle, and guiding the mice to the metal drinking nozzle; repeating the steps (a-b); if the mice lick water, entering a step S4;
s4: a learning process comprising:
(a) Randomly administering visual stimulus 1 or stimulus 2 to the mice by the visual stimulus presentation means for 60-120 seconds; stopping administration of visual stimulus for 5-10 seconds;
(b) Determining whether the mouse presses the rod; if the mouse presses the lever at one side of the visual stimulus presentation device within 60-120 seconds of visual stimulus, the visual stimulus is closed, and the electromagnetic valve of the syrup bottle is opened for 120 seconds; and performing step (c); if the mouse does not press the rod, turning off the visual stimulus for 5-10 seconds, and performing the step (d);
(c) Determining the accumulated compression bar times, if the accumulated compression bar times are more than m times, opening the solenoid valve of the distilled water bottle for 24-n hours, and ending the daily training; if the accumulated number of compression bars is not greater than m, then step (d) is performed.
(d) Determining the accumulated closing time of the electromagnetic valve of the distilled water bottle, and if the accumulated closing time does not reach n hours, performing the step (a); if the accumulated closing time reaches n hours, opening the solenoid valve of the distilled water bottle for 24-n hours, and ending the current day training;
wherein n is a positive number from 2 to 12, preferably a positive number from 4 to 8; m is a positive integer of 20 to 150, preferably 50 to 100.
The small-sized automatic animal behavior training system is technically characterized in that by utilizing the foraging characteristic of animals favoring sugar water, a visual guidance operation reflex paradigm based on reinforcement learning is adopted, and when the animals make expected behavior response according to visual stimulus (press a lever on one side of the visual stimulus, but not limited to press the lever, such as nose touch behavior), a microcontroller controls an electromagnetic valve to give sugar water rewards to the animals. Each auxiliary device is automatically controlled by the microcontroller, so that behavior training without artificial participation is realized. Meanwhile, when the animals cannot execute the expected number of behavioral reactions or obtain a certain rewarding in the daily training, the solenoid valve of the distilled water bottle is automatically opened by the system in the rest time, so that the animals are prevented from getting no drinking water in one day due to unsuccessful learning, and animal welfare is ensured. In addition, the system is small in size and does not depend on computer equipment, and can be conveniently fixed on the grille of the feeding cage without any change to the feeding cage, so that the feeding cage can be further used for feeding other animals, and the behavior training and animal feeding cost is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a small automated animal behavioral training system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a drinking/rewarding apparatus coupled to a drinking bottle.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the training device.
Fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a control system.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram for evaluating the behavior of an animal compression bar.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an animal compression behavior training flow.
The marks in the figures represent: 1. training device 2, animal feeding cage, 3, grid, 4, drinking bottle, 5, drinking water/rewarding device, 6, aqueduct, 7, solenoid valve, 8, visual stimulus presentation device, 9, behavior detection device, 10, fixed layering, 11, microcontroller.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Detailed Description
Animal behavior models are of great significance for brain and neuroscience research. However, the current behavior training device is expensive and complex, the animals need to be taken out of the raising cage for training, and a certain amount of manual supervision is needed, so that the experimental raising and the manual investment are increased by the serious slow-down training process.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the small-sized automated animal behavior training system provided in the present embodiment, which does not require a computer device (only requires writing a program into a microprocessor), includes an animal feeding cage 2 with a grid 3, one side of the grid 3 is V-shaped, a training device 1 is disposed in the animal feeding cage 2, and a microcontroller 11 is disposed in the training device 1; the left side and the right side of the central axis of the training device 1 are respectively provided with a visual stimulus presentation device 8 and a behavior detection device 9, the behavior detection device 9 is positioned below the visual stimulus presentation device 8, and a drinking water/rewarding device 5 is arranged in the middle of the lower part of the training device 1; two drinking bottles 4 are arranged in the V-shaped at one side of the grid 3, the water outlet of the drinking bottle 4 is communicated with a drinking/rewarding device 5 through a water guide pipe 6, and an electromagnetic valve 7 is arranged between the water guide pipe 6 and the drinking/rewarding device 5; the microcontroller 11 is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve 7, the visual stimulus presentation device 8, the behavior detection device 9 and the drinking water/rewarding device 5. The primary behavior training of animals in a large batch in the rearing cage can be realized, and the progress speed of related researches such as behavior science or neuroscience is accelerated.
The training device 1 is a cuboid which can be fixed in a rearing cage and is manufactured by 3D printing of PLA polylactic acid fiber materials. Is fixed on the grille 3 by a fixing batten 10. The training device 1 is positioned at one side of the drinking bottle 4, and two visual stimulus presentation devices 8 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the central axis of the training device 1; two behavior detection means 9 are arranged below the visual stimulus presentation means 8. The visual stimulus presentation means 8 may be white/yellow/green LED light emitting diodes; the behavior detection means 9 may be an infrared-sensitive switch, a lever switch or a nose-contact.
The drinking/rewarding device 5 is a metal drinking nozzle, and the height from the ground is 1-3 cm.
The automatic behavior training system for the small animals has low cost and small volume, does not need computer equipment, and can be used for performing behavior training on animals with primary behavior operation capability. The animal is, for example, a mouse. The automation of behavior training is realized, and the training process is quickened. Animals are trained with minimal human intervention at low cost and primary behavioral training is rapidly achieved by this high throughput design due to its low cost of being able to be mounted simultaneously to multiple feeder cages. Has important significance for elucidating the mechanism research and drug research of nervous system diseases such as Parkinson's disease, alzheimer's disease, autism, post-traumatic stress disorder and the like related to learning and memory, sensory-motor conversion and the like.
The control principle of the microcontroller is shown in fig. 4, and the microcontroller controls the two visual stimulus presentation devices 8, receives signals of the two behavior detection devices 9, controls the electromagnetic valves 7 of the two drinking bottles, and respectively gives syrup or distilled water according to the training process.
The method for training the mouse compression bar by the small-sized automatic animal behavior training system comprises the following steps of:
s1: putting the mice in an animal raising cage for compression bar behavior training, and respectively filling syrup and distilled water in a drinking bottle;
s2: after the accumulated times of the pressure lever of the mouse are more than m times or the electromagnetic valve of the distilled water drinking bottle is controlled to be closed for more than n hours, the electromagnetic valve is opened, and the mouse can drink water from the metal drinking nozzle freely;
s3: an adaptation process comprising:
(a) The electromagnetic valve for controlling the distilled water drinking bottle is always in an open state;
(b) If the mouse touches any lever, the electromagnetic valve of the sugar bottle is controlled to be opened for 120 seconds;
(c) Determining whether the mice lick water, if the mice do not lick water, manually dripping sugar water rewards at the metal drinking nozzle, and guiding the mice to the metal drinking nozzle; repeating the steps (a-b); if the mice lick water, entering a step S4;
s4: a learning process comprising:
(a) Randomly administering visual stimulus 1 or stimulus 2 to the mice by the visual stimulus presentation means for 60-120 seconds; stopping administration of visual stimulus for 5-10 seconds;
(b) Determining whether the mouse presses the rod; if the mouse presses the lever at one side of the visual stimulus presentation device within 60-120 seconds of visual stimulus, the visual stimulus is closed, and the electromagnetic valve of the syrup bottle is opened for 120 seconds; and performing step (c); if the mouse does not press the rod, turning off the visual stimulus for 5-10 seconds, and performing the step (d);
(c) Determining the accumulated compression bar times, if the accumulated compression bar times are more than m times, opening the solenoid valve of the distilled water bottle for 24-n hours, and ending the daily training; if the accumulated number of compression bars is not greater than m, then step (d) is performed.
(d) Determining the accumulated closing time of the electromagnetic valve of the distilled water bottle, and if the accumulated closing time does not reach n hours, performing the step (a); if the accumulated closing time reaches n hours, opening the solenoid valve of the distilled water bottle for 24-n hours, and ending the current day training;
wherein n is a positive number from 2 to 12, preferably a positive number from 4 to 8; m is a positive integer of 20 to 150, preferably 50 to 100.
Referring to fig. 5-6, the experimental procedure of the automated behavior training system for small animals of this example is briefly described as follows:
experiment preparation:
before starting, the control program and the parameters are programmed and programmed into the microcontroller 11 in advance. The two drinking water bottles 4 are filled with distilled water and syrup respectively, and the electromagnetic valves 7 controlling the drinking water bottles 4 are all in a closed state. After the experiment starts, the microcontroller 11 sends an instruction to the visual stimulus presentation device 8, one of the left and right visual stimulus presentation devices 8 is randomly turned on, and the LED lamp prompts the animal experiment to start.
And (3) behavior detection:
in the visual stimulus presentation period, if the experimental animal makes a desired action, namely presses the lever switch on one side of the turned-on LED lamp, the signal output end of the infrared induction switch transmits the information of pressing the lever switch to the signal input end of the microcontroller 11. Multiple presses of the correct side (visual stimulus presentation side) lever switch will not affect the reward feedback.
Prize and punish:
after the information of pressing the lever switch is transmitted to the signal input end of the microcontroller 11, the microcontroller 11 sends an instruction to the electromagnetic valve 7 for controlling the syrup drinking bottle, the electromagnetic valve 7 is controlled to be opened, and animals can quote syrup as correct rewards; if the animal does not react to the desired behavior, the microcontroller 11 does not open the solenoid valve 7 as a false penalty.
Method for training mouse compression bar:
the method aims at: the free movable zoology is enabled to selectively press the lever switch on the visual stimulus presentation side according to the visual stimulus presentation so as to obtain the syrup rewards.
1. Before starting an experiment, taking an animal raising cage 2, fixing a training device 1 on a grid 3 of the animal raising cage 2, and enabling a mouse to explore and familiarize with the training device 1 independently; modifying the experimental program and each parameter according to the experimental design, and programming the program to the microcontroller 11; distilled water or syrup is respectively injected into the water bottle 4, wherein the syrup is used as rewarding in the experimental process, and the distilled water is daily drinking water of the tested mice after the experimental process is finished; the water output of the solenoid valve 7 was adjusted to ensure that the total water output of the solenoid valve 7 was opened 100 times was about 1ml.
2. In the experiment, the mice tested after stopping drinking water for 12 hours were placed in the animal feeding cage 2, and the mice were actively searched for a sugar water reward because they prefer sugar water over distilled water mice and the mice were in a thirst state.
Starting the training of the microcontroller 11, the microcontroller 11 randomly starts an LED lamp in the visual stimulus presentation device 8 (as rodents are insensitive to red, white, yellow or green LEDs are adopted in the experiment), and prompts the tested mice to press a lever switch on one side of the LED lamp in the behavior detection device 9. If the tested mouse makes a desired behavior reaction (i.e. presses the lever switch), the microcontroller 11 detects that the infrared induction switch of the behavior detection device 9 is turned on, the microcontroller 11 sends an instruction, the electromagnetic valve 7 is turned on, and the tested mouse can acquire syrup rewards from the rewarding device 5 (the water drinking nozzle) and then enter the next test; conversely, during the visual stimulus presentation period, if the animal does not respond to the desired behavior, the solenoid valve 7 will not be opened, the animal will not be rewarded, and the test is ended. The visual stimulus is turned off for a certain period of time and then the next test is performed.
3. The experiment is carried out for 8 hours or the tested mice accumulate to make the correct compression bar action 100 times, and the training is finished on the present day. At this time, the electromagnetic valve 7 controlling the distilled water drinking bottle will be in a moderate open state on the present day to ensure daily drinking of the tested mice.
Claims (8)
1. A method for training a mouse compression bar by a small-sized automatic animal behavior training system adopts the small-sized automatic animal behavior training system to train the compression bar on the mouse; the small-sized automatic animal behavior training system comprises an animal raising cage (2) with a grid (3), wherein one side of the grid (3) is in a V shape, and the small-sized automatic animal behavior training system is characterized in that a training device (1) is arranged in the animal raising cage (2), and a microcontroller (11) is arranged in the training device (1); the left side and the right side of the central axis of the training device (1) are respectively provided with a visual stimulus presentation device (8) and a behavior detection device (9), the behavior detection device (9) is positioned below the visual stimulus presentation device (8), and a drinking water/rewarding device (5) is arranged in the middle of the lower part of the training device (1); two drinking bottles (4) are arranged in the V-shaped at one side of the grid (3), the water outlet of the drinking bottle (4) is communicated with a drinking water/rewarding device (5) through a water guide pipe (6), and an electromagnetic valve (7) is arranged between the water guide pipe (6) and the drinking water/rewarding device (5); the microcontroller (11) is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve (7), the visual stimulus presentation device (8), the behavior detection device (9) and the drinking water/rewarding device (5);
the method is characterized in that the mouse is trained by pressing rods according to the following steps:
s1: putting the mice in an animal raising cage for compression bar behavior training, and respectively filling syrup and distilled water in a drinking bottle;
s2: after the accumulated times of the pressure lever of the mouse are more than m times or the electromagnetic valve of the distilled water drinking bottle is controlled to be closed for more than n hours, the electromagnetic valve is opened, and the mouse can drink water from the metal drinking nozzle freely;
s3: an adaptation process comprising:
(a) The electromagnetic valve for controlling the distilled water drinking bottle is always in an open state;
(b) If the mouse touches any lever, the electromagnetic valve of the sugar bottle is controlled to be opened for 120 seconds;
(c) Determining whether the mice lick water, if the mice do not lick water, manually dripping sugar water rewards at the metal drinking nozzle, and guiding the mice to the metal drinking nozzle; repeating the steps (a-b); if the mice lick water, entering a step S4;
s4: a learning process comprising:
(a) Randomly administering visual stimulus 1 or stimulus 2 to the mice by the visual stimulus presentation means for 60-120 seconds; stopping administration of visual stimulus for 5-10 seconds;
(b) Determining whether the mouse presses the rod; if the mouse presses the lever at one side of the visual stimulus presentation device within 60-120 seconds of visual stimulus, the visual stimulus is closed, and the electromagnetic valve of the syrup bottle is opened for 120 seconds; and performing step (c); if the mouse does not press the rod, turning off the visual stimulus for 5-10 seconds, and performing the step (d);
(c) Determining the accumulated compression bar times, if the accumulated compression bar times are more than m times, opening the solenoid valve of the distilled water bottle for 24-n hours, and ending the daily training; if the accumulated number of times of pressing the rod is not more than m, carrying out the step (d);
(d) Determining the accumulated closing time of the electromagnetic valve of the distilled water bottle, and if the accumulated closing time does not reach n hours, performing the step (a); if the accumulated closing time reaches n hours, the solenoid valve of the distilled water bottle is opened for 24-n hours, and the current day training is finished.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the visual stimulus presentation means (8) select white/yellow/green LED light emitting diodes; the behavior detection device (9) selects an infrared induction switch, a lever switch or a nose touch device.
3. Method according to claim 1, wherein the drinking/rewarding means (5) is a metallic drinking spout.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the training device (1) is made by 3D printing of PLA polylactic acid fiber material.
5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the drinking/rewarding means (5) from the bottom of the feeder cage is 1-3 cm.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the two drinking bottles (4) each contain a liquid of a different taste.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein n is a positive number from 2 to 12 and m is a positive integer from 20 to 150.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein n is a positive number from 4 to 8 and m is a positive integer from 50 to 100.
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