CN115226648A - Small-sized automatic animal behavior training system and training method - Google Patents
Small-sized automatic animal behavior training system and training method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115226648A CN115226648A CN202210842888.8A CN202210842888A CN115226648A CN 115226648 A CN115226648 A CN 115226648A CN 202210842888 A CN202210842888 A CN 202210842888A CN 115226648 A CN115226648 A CN 115226648A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K15/00—Devices for taming animals, e.g. nose-rings or hobbles; Devices for overturning animals in general; Training or exercising equipment; Covering boxes
- A01K15/02—Training or exercising equipment, e.g. mazes or labyrinths for animals ; Electric shock devices ; Toys specially adapted for animals
- A01K15/027—Exercising equipment, e.g. tread mills, carousels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
- A01K1/03—Housing for domestic or laboratory animals
- A01K1/031—Cages for laboratory animals; Cages for measuring metabolism of animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
- A01K1/035—Devices for use in keeping domestic animals, e.g. fittings in housings or dog beds
- A01K1/0356—Feeding or drinking devices associated with cages
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K7/00—Watering equipment for stock or game
- A01K7/02—Automatic devices ; Medication dispensers
- A01K7/06—Automatic devices ; Medication dispensers actuated by the animal
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a small-sized automatic animal behavior training system which comprises an animal feeding cage, wherein a grid is arranged above the animal feeding cage, one side of the grid is V-shaped, a training device is arranged in the animal feeding cage, and a microcontroller is arranged in the training device; visual stimulation presenting devices and behavior detection devices are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the central axis of the training device, the behavior detection devices are positioned below the visual stimulation presenting devices, and a drinking/rewarding device is arranged in the middle of the lower part of the training device; two drinking bottles are arranged in the V shape on one side of the grille, the water outlets of the drinking bottles are communicated with the drinking/rewarding device through water guide pipes, and electromagnetic valves are arranged between the water guide pipes and the drinking/rewarding device; the microcontroller is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve, the visual stimulation presenting device, the behavior detection device and the drinking/rewarding device. Can be applied to animals with certain primary operation behavior capability for behavior training.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal behavior training, and relates to an operational condition response training paradigm based on compression bar behavior as a response animal decision result, in particular to a small-sized automatic animal behavior training system and a method.
Background
Brain science research is called "the last frontier of human science" and one of its main research tasks is to elucidate the neural mechanisms of brain operations behind animal behaviors, so that animal behavioral experiments need to be developed in rodents or primates in the field of basic research of neuroscience. The development of new technologies such as optogenetic, miniscope calcium imaging, etc. in combination with rodent or primate behaviourology provides a convenient tool for revealing behavioural back-neural codes. However, since the conventional training animal learning the experimental behavior paradigm requires the scientific research personnel to observe constantly to ensure that the behavior training is smoothly performed and to transfer the untrained experimental animal to the experimental equipment in time, the conventional animal training method not only requires a lot of manpower, but also slows down the training and experimental process.
In the current rodent experiments, many behavioral training are reported on the behavior of the animal in compression or nasal contact, but the two seemingly simple behaviors themselves consume a lot of training time. Because the experimental animal stays in the rearing cage for most of the time, if a set of automatic animal behavior training system can be installed on the rearing cage so as to train the animal to execute a complete experimental paradigm, or the animal can learn the behaviors of nose touch, pressure bar and the like guided by primary signals, the training process is greatly accelerated, and the scientific research burden and the scientific research expenditure are reduced. On the one hand, however, animal performance training systems currently on the market often range from a dozen to hundreds of thousands, and even some performance equipment is expensive and burdensome for most research institutions and laboratories. On the other hand, the traditional animal behavior equipment is complex in structure, large in size and not suitable for being installed in a small animal rearing cage. Moreover, traditional animal equipment is constantly assisted by computer equipment and is difficult to install in multiple cages. Therefore, there is a need in the art to develop a low-cost, small-sized, automated animal behavior training system that does not require computer equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a small-sized automatic animal behavior training system and a training method.
In order to realize the task, the invention adopts the following technical solution:
a small-sized automatic animal behavior training system comprises an animal rearing cage with a grid, wherein one side of the grid is V-shaped, and is characterized in that a training device is arranged in the animal rearing cage, and a microcontroller is arranged in the training device; visual stimulation presenting devices and behavior detection devices are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the central axis of the training device, the behavior detection devices are positioned below the visual stimulation presenting devices, and a drinking/rewarding device is arranged in the middle of the lower part of the training device; two drinking water bottles are arranged in the V-shaped part on one side of the grille, the water outlets of the drinking water bottles are communicated with the drinking water/rewarding device through water guide pipes, and electromagnetic valves are arranged between the water guide pipes and the drinking water/rewarding device; the microcontroller is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve, the visual stimulation presenting device, the behavior detection device and the drinking/rewarding device.
According to the invention, the visual stimulus presentation means selects a white/yellow/green LED; the behavior detection device selects an infrared induction switch, a lever switch or a nose touch device.
In particular, the drinking/rewarding device is a metal drinking spout.
Further, the training device main part selects PLA polylactic acid fiber material 3D to print and makes, can adjust the device overall arrangement at will as required.
Preferably, the drinking/rewarding device is 1-3 cm high from the ground at the bottom of the rearing cage.
The drinking bottles are respectively filled with liquids with different tastes.
The method for training the mouse compression bar by the small-sized automatic animal behavior training system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: putting the mice in an animal feeding cage for compression bar behavior training, and respectively filling sweet water and distilled water in drinking bottles;
s2: after the accumulated times of the pressure lever of the mouse is more than m times or the electromagnetic valve of the distilled water drinking bottle is controlled to be closed for more than n hours, the electromagnetic valve is opened, and the mouse can freely drink water from the metal drinking nozzle;
s3: an adaptation process comprising:
(a) Controlling an electromagnetic valve of the distilled water drinking bottle to be always in an open state;
(b) If the mouse touches any lever, the electromagnetic valve of the sugar water bottle is controlled to be opened for 120 seconds;
(c) Determining whether the mouse licks water, if not, manually dropping sugar water reward at the metal drinking mouth and guiding the mouse to the metal drinking mouth; repeating the steps (a-b); if the mouse licks water, entering the step S4;
s4: a learning process comprising:
(a) Randomly giving a visual stimulus 1 or a stimulus 2 to the mice for 60-120 seconds by a visual stimulus presentation device; then stopping the administration of the visual stimulus for 5-10 seconds;
(b) Determining whether the mouse is pressed; if the mouse presses the lever on one side of the visual stimulation presenting device within 60-120 seconds of the visual stimulation, the visual stimulation is closed, and the electromagnetic valve of the sugar water bottle is opened for 120 seconds; and performing step (c); if the mouse is not depressed, closing the visual stimulus for 5-10 seconds, and performing step (d);
(c) Determining the accumulated pressing rod times, and if the accumulated pressing rod times are more than m times, opening the electromagnetic valve of the distilled water bottle for 24-n hours to finish the training of the day; and (d) if the accumulated pressing rod times are not more than m times, performing step (d).
(d) Determining the accumulated closing time of an electromagnetic valve of the distilled water bottle, and if the accumulated closing time does not reach n hours, performing the step (a); if the accumulated closing time reaches n hours, opening the electromagnetic valve of the distilled water bottle for 24-n hours, and ending the training of the day;
wherein n is a positive number of 2 to 12, preferably a positive number of 4 to 8; m is a positive integer of 20 to 150, preferably 50 to 100.
The invention discloses a small-sized automatic animal behavior training system which is technically characterized in that a visual guidance operability reflex paradigm based on reinforcement learning is adopted by utilizing the foraging characteristic of an animal fond of sugar water, and when the animal makes an expected behavior response according to visual stimulation (pressing a lever on one side of the visual stimulation, but not limited to the lever pressing behavior, such as the nose touching behavior), a microcontroller controls an electromagnetic valve to give the animal a sugar water reward. Each auxiliary device is automatically controlled by a microcontroller, and behavior training without human participation is realized. Meanwhile, when the animals cannot perform expected number of behavior reactions or obtain certain rewards in the training of the day, the system automatically opens the electromagnetic valve of the distilled water bottle in the remaining time, so that the animals cannot obtain any drinking water in one day due to the fact that the animals cannot successfully learn, and the welfare of the animals is ensured. In addition, the system is small in size, does not depend on computer equipment, can be conveniently fixed on the grids of the rearing cage, does not need to change the rearing cage, and therefore the rearing cage can be continuously used for rearing other animals, and behavior training and animal rearing cost are greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a small-sized automated animal behavior training system of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic view of the drink/reward device connected to a drinking bottle.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the exercise device.
Fig. 4 is a functional block diagram of a control system.
Figure 5 is the animal compression bar behavior judgment diagram.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the animal compression bar behavior training process.
The symbols in the figures represent: 1. training device, 2, animal rearing cage, 3, grid, 4, drinking water bottle, 5, drinking water/reward device, 6, aqueduct, 7, solenoid valve, 8, visual stimulation presentation device, 9, action detection device, 10, fixed layering, 11, microcontroller.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples.
Detailed Description
The animal behavior model has important significance for brain science and neuroscience research. However, current behavioral training devices are expensive and complex, require animals to be taken outside of cages for training and require some manual supervision, thus severely slowing the training process increasing experimental feeding and human input.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the small-sized automated animal behavior training system provided in this embodiment does not require a computer device (only a program needs to be written into a microprocessor), and includes an animal keeping cage 2 having a grid 3, one side of the grid 3 is V-shaped, a training device 1 is disposed in the animal keeping cage 2, and a microcontroller 11 is disposed in the training device 1; visual stimulation presenting devices 8 and behavior detection devices 9 are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of a central axis of the training device 1, the behavior detection devices 9 are positioned below the visual stimulation presenting devices 8, and a drinking/rewarding device 5 is arranged in the middle of the lower part of the training device 1; two drinking water bottles 4 are arranged in the V-shape at one side of the grille 3, the water outlets of the drinking water bottles 4 are communicated with a drinking water/rewarding device 5 through a water guide pipe 6, and an electromagnetic valve 7 is arranged between the water guide pipe 6 and the drinking water/rewarding device 5; the microcontroller 11 is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve 7, the visual stimulation presenting device 8, the behavior detection device 9 and the drinking/rewarding device 5. The primary behavior training of a large batch of animals in the rearing cage can be realized, and the development speed of related researches such as behavior science or neuroscience is accelerated.
The training device 1 is a cuboid capable of being fixed in a feeding cage and is made of PLA polylactic acid fiber materials through 3D printing. Is fixed on the grating 3 by a fixed batten 10. The training device 1 is positioned at one side of the drinking bottle 4, and the two visual stimulus presentation devices 8 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the central axis of the training device 1; two behavior detection means 9 are arranged below the visual stimulus presentation means 8. The visual stimulus presentation means 8 may be a white/yellow/green LED light emitting diode; the behavior detection means 9 may be an infrared-sensitive switch, a lever switch or a nose touch.
The drinking/rewarding device 5 is a metal drinking nozzle, and the height from the ground is 1-3 cm.
The automatic behavior training system for the small animals has the advantages of low cost, small size and no need of computer equipment, and can be used for performing behavior training on animals with primary behavior operation capability. The animal is, for example, a mouse. The automation of behavior training is realized, and the training process is accelerated. Animals are trained with minimal human intervention at low cost and primary behavioral training is rapidly achieved through this high throughput design because of its low cost to install in multiple cages at the same time. Has important significance for the mechanism research and the drug development of the nervous system diseases such as Parkinson disease, alzheimer disease, autism, post-traumatic stress disorder and the like related to learning, memory, sensory-motor transformation and the like.
The control principle of the microcontroller is shown in fig. 4, the microcontroller controls two visual stimulus presentation devices 8, receives signals of two behavior detection devices 9, controls the electromagnetic valves 7 of two drinking bottles, and respectively gives sugar water or distilled water according to the training process.
The method for training the mouse compression bar by the small-sized automatic animal behavior training system comprises the following steps:
s1: placing the mice in an animal feeding cage for performing compression bar behavior training, and respectively filling sweet water and distilled water in drinking bottles;
s2: after the accumulated pressing rod times of the mouse are more than m times or the electromagnetic valve of the distilled water drinking bottle is controlled to be closed for more than n hours, the electromagnetic valve is opened, and the mouse can freely drink water from the metal drinking nozzle;
s3: an adaptation process comprising:
(a) Controlling an electromagnetic valve of the distilled water drinking bottle to be always in an open state;
(b) If the mouse touches any lever, the electromagnetic valve of the sugar water bottle is controlled to be opened for 120 seconds;
(c) Determining whether the mouse licks water, if not, manually dropping sugar water reward at the metal drinking mouth and guiding the mouse to the metal drinking mouth; repeating the steps (a-b); if the mouse licks water, entering the step S4;
s4: a learning process comprising:
(a) Randomly giving a visual stimulus 1 or a stimulus 2 to the mice for 60-120 seconds by a visual stimulus presentation device; then stopping the administration of the visual stimulus for 5-10 seconds;
(b) Determining whether the mouse is pressed; if the mouse presses the lever on one side of the visual stimulation presenting device within 60-120 seconds of the visual stimulation, the visual stimulation is closed, and the electromagnetic valve of the sugar water bottle is opened for 120 seconds; and performing step (c); if the mouse is not depressed, closing the visual stimulus for 5-10 seconds, and performing step (d);
(c) Determining the accumulated pressing rod times, and if the accumulated pressing rod times are more than m times, opening the electromagnetic valve of the distilled water bottle for 24-n hours to finish the training of the day; and (d) if the accumulated pressing rod times are not more than m times.
(d) Determining the accumulated closing time of an electromagnetic valve of the distilled water bottle, and if the accumulated closing time does not reach n hours, performing the step (a); if the accumulated closing time reaches n hours, opening the electromagnetic valve of the distilled water bottle for 24-n hours, and ending the training of the day;
wherein n is a positive number of 2 to 12, preferably a positive number of 4 to 8; m is a positive integer of 20 to 150, preferably 50 to 100.
Referring to fig. 5 to 6, the experimental process of the automated behavior training system for small animals of this embodiment is briefly described as follows:
preparation of the experiment:
before starting, the control program and the parameters are programmed and programmed in advance into the microcontroller 11. The two drinking bottles 4 are each filled with distilled water and sugar water, and the solenoid valves 7 that control the drinking bottles 4 are both in a closed state. After the experiment begins, the microcontroller 11 sends an instruction to the visual stimulation presenting device 8, one of the left and right visual stimulation presenting devices 8 is randomly turned on, and the LED lamp prompts the beginning of the animal experiment.
And (3) behavior detection:
in the visual stimulation presentation period, if the experimental animal makes an expected behavior, namely presses the lever switch on one side of the turned-on LED lamp, the signal output end of the infrared induction switch transmits the information of the pressed lever switch to the signal input end of the microcontroller 11. Multiple presses of the right side (visual stimulus presentation side) lever switch will not affect reward feedback.
Reward and punishment:
after the information of the press lever switch is transmitted to the signal input end of the microcontroller 11, the microcontroller 11 sends an instruction to the electromagnetic valve 7 for controlling the syrup drinking bottle, the electromagnetic valve 7 is controlled to be opened, and the animals can quote the syrup as correct reward; if the animal does not respond to the expected behaviour, the microcontroller 11 does not open the solenoid valve 7 as a false penalty.
The method for training the mouse compression bar comprises the following steps:
the method aims to achieve the following purposes: the free-moving animal learns to selectively press the lever switch on the visual stimulus presentation side in accordance with the presentation of the visual stimulus to obtain a sweet water reward.
1. Before the experiment is started, the animal rearing cage 2 is taken, the training device 1 is fixed on a grid 3 of the animal rearing cage 2, and the mouse independently explores and is familiar with the training device 1; modifying an experiment program and each parameter according to the experiment design, and programming the program to the microcontroller 11; respectively injecting distilled water or sugar water into the drinking water bottles 4, wherein the sugar water is used as a reward in the experimental process, and the distilled water is the daily drinking water of the tested mice after the experiment is finished; the water output of the solenoid valve 7 was adjusted to ensure that the total water output for the 100 times opening of the solenoid valve 7 was approximately 1ml.
2. In the experiment, the test mice after 12 hours of water supply stoppage were placed in the animal rearing cage 2, and since the mice prefer sugar water to distilled water and the test mice are in a thirst state, the mice will be actively searched for a sugar water reward.
The microcontroller 11 is turned on to start training, and the microcontroller 11 randomly turns on an LED lamp in the visual stimulus presentation device 8 (white, yellow or green LEDs are used in this experiment because rodents are not sensitive to red), and prompts the tested mouse to press a lever switch on one side of the LED lamp lighting in the behavior detection device 9. If the tested mouse makes an expected behavior response (namely, the lever switch is pressed), the microcontroller 11 detects that the infrared induction switch of the behavior detection device 9 is turned on, the microcontroller 11 sends an instruction to turn on the electromagnetic valve 7, and the tested mouse can obtain sugar water reward from the reward device 5 (a drinking mouth) and then enters the next test; on the contrary, in the visual stimulation presenting period, if the animal does not make the expected behavior response, the electromagnetic valve 7 can not be opened, the animal can not obtain the reward, and the test is finished. The visual stimulus was turned off for a certain time before entering the next trial.
3. The experiment is carried out for 8 hours or the tested mice cumulatively make 100 times of correct compression bar behaviors, and the training is finished on the day. At this time, the solenoid valve 7 controlling the distilled water drinking bottle will be in a moderate open state on the day to ensure the daily drinking of the mouse under test.
Claims (9)
1. A small-sized automatic animal behavior training system comprises an animal rearing cage (2) with a grid (3), wherein one side of the grid (3) is V-shaped, and is characterized in that a training device (1) is arranged in the animal rearing cage (2), and a microcontroller (11) is arranged in the training device (1); visual stimulation presenting devices (8) and behavior detection devices (9) are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of a central axis of the training device (1), the behavior detection devices (9) are positioned below the visual stimulation presenting devices (8), and a drinking/rewarding device (5) is arranged in the middle of the lower part of the training device (1); two drinking bottles (4) are arranged in a V shape on one side of the grille (3), the water outlets of the drinking bottles (4) are communicated with a drinking/rewarding device (5) through water guide pipes (6), and electromagnetic valves (7) are arranged between the water guide pipes (6) and the drinking/rewarding device (5); the microcontroller (11) is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve (7), the visual stimulation presenting device (8), the behavior detection device (9) and the drinking/rewarding device (5).
2. The small automated animal behavior training system according to claim 1, characterized in that the visual stimulus presentation means (8) select white/yellow/green LED light emitting diodes; the behavior detection device (9) selects an infrared induction switch, a lever switch or a nose touch device.
3. The small automated animal behavior training system according to claim 1, characterized in that the drinking/rewarding device (5) is a metal drinking spout.
4. The small automated animal behavior training system according to claim 1, characterized in that the training device (1) is made of 3D printing of a PLA polylactic acid fiber material.
5. The automated behavior training system for small animals according to claim 1, characterized in that the drinking/rewarding device (5) has a height of 1-3 cm from the bottom of the rearing cage.
6. The small automated animal behavior training system according to claim 1, characterized in that the two drinking bottles (4) each contain a liquid of different taste.
7. The method for training a mouse strut of the small automated animal behavior training system of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1: putting the mice in an animal feeding cage for compression bar behavior training, and respectively filling sweet water and distilled water in drinking bottles;
s2: after the accumulated times of the pressure lever of the mouse is more than m times or the electromagnetic valve of the distilled water drinking bottle is controlled to be closed for more than n hours, the electromagnetic valve is opened, and the mouse can freely drink water from the metal drinking nozzle;
s3: an adaptation process comprising:
(a) Controlling an electromagnetic valve of the distilled water drinking bottle to be always in an open state;
(b) If the mouse touches any lever, the electromagnetic valve of the sugar water bottle is controlled to be opened for 120 seconds;
(c) Determining whether the mouse licks water, if not, manually dropping sugar water reward at the metal drinking mouth and guiding the mouse to the metal drinking mouth; repeating the steps (a-b); if the mouse licks water, entering the step S4;
s4: a learning process comprising:
(a) Randomly giving a visual stimulus 1 or a stimulus 2 to the mice for 60-120 seconds by a visual stimulus presentation device; then stopping the administration of the visual stimulus for 5-10 seconds;
(b) Determining whether the mouse is pressed; if the mouse presses the lever on one side of the visual stimulation presenting device within 60-120 seconds of the visual stimulation, the visual stimulation is closed, and the electromagnetic valve of the sugar water bottle is opened for 120 seconds; and performing step (c); if the mouse is not depressed, closing the visual stimulus for 5-10 seconds, and performing step (d);
(c) Determining the accumulated pressing rod times, and if the accumulated pressing rod times are more than m times, opening the electromagnetic valve of the distilled water bottle for 24-n hours to finish the training of the day; and (d) if the accumulated pressing rod times are not more than m times.
(d) Determining the accumulated closing time of an electromagnetic valve of the distilled water bottle, and if the accumulated closing time does not reach n hours, performing the step (a); and if the accumulated closing time reaches n hours, opening the electromagnetic valve of the distilled water bottle for 24-n hours, and finishing the training of the day.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein n is a positive number from 2 to 12 and m is a positive integer from 20 to 150.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein n is a positive number from 4 to 8 and m is a positive integer from 50 to 100.
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