CN115226546B

CN115226546B - Prevention and control method for bactrocera dorsalis in northern area

Info

Publication number: CN115226546B
Application number: CN202210993465.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 翟浩; 王丹; 张琼; 李晓军; 王中堂; 王守乐; 杨芳媛
Original assignee: Shandong Institute of Pomology
Current assignee: Shandong Institute of Pomology
Priority date: 2022-08-18
Filing date: 2022-08-18
Publication date: 2024-06-07
Anticipated expiration: 2042-08-18
Also published as: CN115226546A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling bactrocera dorsalis in northern areas, which comprises the following steps that firstly, 1 trapping points are respectively arranged in the east, west, south, north and middle 5 directions in an orchard, and sex pheromone traps are hung at the height of 2/3 of a tree body; setting three trapping lines at equal intervals on the periphery of an orchard, wherein each trapping line is provided with trapping points in 8 directions of east, south, west, north, south, east, north, west and south outside the orchard, hanging degradable yellow plates or plastic bottles on the trapping points, and spraying insect physical trapping adhesives on the yellow plates or plastic bottles; and thirdly, uniformly spraying the prepared protein bait on the back of the leaves and the branches on the back and the shade surface of the fruit tree, wherein 15 points are formed in each mu of land, 20 milliliters are formed in each point, and the spraying is performed once every 10 days. The invention particularly utilizes the prevention and control in the orchard and the trapping outside the orchard to effectively trap and kill the internal bactrocera dorsalis while avoiding invasion of the external bactrocera dorsalis, thereby greatly improving the prevention and control effects.

Description

Prevention and control method for bactrocera dorsalis in northern area

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling bactrocera dorsalis in northern areas, and belongs to the technical field of pest control.

Background

In recent years, the fruit fly belongs to the genus diptera and is widely used in orchards such as northern apples, peaches, pears, jujubes, hawthorns, pomegranates and the like, the insects are hidden to be harmful, the insects lay eggs in the fruits, and the multi-headed larvae eat in the fruits, so that the fruits are eroded and fall in advance. The fruit fly has large quantity of occurrence, strong fertility and serious harm, and begins to burst into harm in 7 months in northern areas, which is an important factor for reducing the yield of middle-late maturing fruit trees and seriously endangers the healthy development of fruit tree industry. Because the fruit fly imago spawns on host fruits, the larvae eat pulp in the fruits and develop and grow, the disguise is a harmful feature, so that fruit farmers often neglect preventive control of the fruit fly, and after the damage of the young insect eating is found, the fruits lose economic value. On the other hand, the problem of fruit food safety has attracted extensive social attention, and the larval state (fruit maggot) of the fruit fly eaten by the fruit is extremely easy to cause the eating psychological obstacle and fear of consumers, therefore, once the fruit fly is burst and endangered in a large area, the fruit fly will cause destructive disasters to the fruit tree industry in the China and the North China-!

The occurrence of the northern bactrocera dorsalis is different from the southern part, the southern climate is suitable for the annual propagation of the bactrocera dorsalis, zhang Rui and the like report that in a dry and hot valley region in Yunnan, the number of the bactrocera dorsalis trapped by the bactrocera dorsalis trap is gradually increased from the middle ten days of 8 months, the insect population rapidly rises from the upper ten days of 9 months to the middle ten days of 11 months, the peak value is reached in the middle ten days of 11 months, the insect population is continuously reduced after 12 months, and the insect population is at a lower level until the insect population of 4 months in the next year. The generation of the bactrocera dorsalis is overlapped, the bactrocera dorsalis is propagated for 9-10 generations in year, and the bactrocera dorsalis has strong flightness and is loved out of a citrus orchard with no shading or little sunshine. In the north, through the monitoring in recent years, the adult fruit fly of citrus fruit is started to be trapped after 6 months of each year, but the number of the adult fruit fly is very small (two expressions, one can overwintere and one is carried by the transportation of fruit in the south), and the number of the fruit fly is increased to 7 and 8 months, so that the hazard is aggravated.

According to the search, the Chinese patent document CN111109306A discloses a method for preventing and controlling bactrocera dorsalis, which comprises the following steps: the fruit-shaped trapper is designed by using a yellow-green plate with virtual wavelength of 530-550 nanometers and is configured into an attractant and a trapping adhesive; coating trapping adhesive on the surface of the trapper, and throwing the attractant into the trapper through the holes; suspending the trapper filled with the attractant on the fruit trees for trapping operation; strengthening cultivation management in the orchard; according to the method, the fruit fly is trapped by using the attractant and the plant trapping components in the trapping adhesive, guava fruit volatile matters, banana fruit puree and the like of the plant components are applied to control the fruit fly, so that the harm of the fruit fly can be reduced, the yield and quality of fruits can be improved, the pollution to the environment can be reduced, and the fruit fly can be attracted from a visual angle by designing the fruit-shaped trapper by using the yellow-green plate with the virtual wavelength of 530-550 nanometers. The Chinese patent document CN110150009A discloses a method for comprehensively preventing and controlling Bactrocera dorsalis and psyllids in a Volvic citrus orchard, which comprises the following steps of physical prevention and control: surrounding the orchard with a net with the height of 4-5m, and arranging a circle of plant isolation protective belts outside the net; a protective frame is erected among fruit tree rows in an orchard, yellow or blue insect sticking plates are hung on the protective frame at intervals, insect trapping lamps are arranged above the protective frame, and traps containing sex attractant are further arranged on or below the protective frame; also comprises chemical prevention and control: spraying 50% phoxim 800-1000 times liquid on the ground in the larva stage and the soil emergence stage of the bactrocera minax, spraying mixed attractant on the orchard and the crowns of surrounding miscellaneous trees in the adult full-growing stage; in the general investigation period of yellow dragon disease and every new tip extraction period of Wo citrus, the preparation for preventing and controlling psyllid is sprayed on the leaf surface and leaf back of Wo citrus. The application comprehensively controls the bactrocera dorsalis and the psyllid by means of physical control, chemical control, biological control and the like, can effectively control two major deadly pests of the citrus, and ensures the yield and income increase of the citrus.

The technology and other prior art for controlling the bactrocera dorsalis take the bactrocera dorsalis in the south as a research object and a control object, the specific life habits of the bactrocera dorsalis in the north are not distinguished, and the disclosed schemes have better control effects on the bactrocera dorsalis in the south, but the effects are greatly reduced when the technology is applied to the control of the bactrocera dorsalis in the north. Therefore, the prevention and control strategy of the northern bactrocera dorsalis should be different from that of the southern part, so that the harm and outbreak of the northern bactrocera dorsalis can be better prevented.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a prevention and control method for the bactrocera dorsalis in northern areas, which is designed for the life habit of the bactrocera dorsalis in northern areas, combines the means of physical prevention, chemical prevention, biological prevention and control and the like, and mainly takes preventive prevention and control as a main part, and the prevention and control effect is far better than that of the prior art.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

A method for preventing and controlling bactrocera dorsalis in northern areas comprises the following steps:

Step one, real-time monitoring

In the last ten days of 5 months each year, 1 trapping point is respectively arranged in the east, west, south, north and middle 5 directions in an orchard, each trapping point is more than 50m away from the periphery of the orchard, the distance between every two adjacent trapping points is not less than 50m, a sex pheromone trapper is hung at the height of 2/3 of a tree body, and 1 sex pheromone attractant is replaced every 1 month;

step two, peripheral trapping

Three trapping lines are arranged at equal intervals at the periphery of an orchard from 7 months to 10 months each year to serve as isolation areas, trapping points are arranged at 8 positions outside the orchard, namely, east, south, west, north, south, east, north and west, of each trapping line, a degradable yellow plate or a plastic bottle is hung on the trapping points, and insect physical trapping agents are sprayed on the yellow plate or the plastic bottle;

Step three, fixed-point spraying and killing

And uniformly spraying the prepared protein bait on the back of the leaves and the branches on the back and the shade surface of the fruit tree in the isolation area and the orchard, wherein 15 points are formed in each mu of land, 20 milliliters are formed in each point, and the spraying is performed once every 10 days.

Preferably, in the second step, the insect physical adhesion-inducing agent is a fruit odor attractant. The design has the advantages that fruit odor attractants such as guava fruit fly attractants are adopted, the attractants are different from sex attractants emitting female hormones to attract peripheral fruit flies to mate (the sex hormones are attracted in a range of 15-20 m), the attractants are fruit odor attractants (the attractants are attracted in a range of 5 m), the fruit flies entering the attraction range can be trapped, but the fruit flies in the outer area cannot be attracted to enter the trapping area, and the fruit flies at the periphery of an attractive orchard can be prevented from being migrated to the orchard while accurate attraction in a certain area is realized.

Preferably, in the second step, each trapping line encloses a rectangle, the trapping point of the second trapping line is located on the central axis of the adjacent trapping point of the first trapping line, and the trapping point of the third trapping line is located on the central axis of the adjacent trapping point of the second trapping line. The design has the advantages that the trapping points of the three trapping defense lines are staggered to form a tight protection network, the whole periphery protection has no dead angle, and the fruit flies at the periphery of the orchard are prevented from entering the orchard to the greatest extent.

Preferably, in the third step, the protein bait is prepared by mixing hydrolyzed vegetable soybean protein seasoning powder and water according to a mass ratio of 1:1 or 1:2.

Preferably, in the third step, the prepared protein bait is prepared by mixing protein bait, honey peach powder and 60g/L spinetoram suspending agent according to the mass ratio: juicy peach powder: 60g/L spinetoram suspension agent is 88:5:2 in mass ratio.

Preferably, in the third step, the prepared protein bait is sprayed on the back of the blade and the branch by using a pneumatic spray can, and the capacity of the spray can is 500ml or 1000ml.

Preferably, the method further comprises a step four of placing the prepared food attractant into a basin when the fruit fly is trapped by the sex pheromone trap in the orchard, hanging the food attractant at the position of 2/3 of the height of the fruit tree, placing 1 food attractant every 10 meters, and replacing 1 food attractant every 7-10 days.

Preferably, the food attractant is prepared from water, protein bait, honey peach powder: red date powder: the organic silicon is mixed according to the mass ratio of 85:10:1:1:2.

The invention has the technical characteristics and beneficial effects that:

1. The control method provided by the invention is designed for the occurrence rule of the bactrocera dorsalis in the north and the living habit of the bactrocera dorsalis per se, combines physical control, chemical control and biological control, can replace the traditional method, and can effectively prevent and control the outbreak of the bactrocera dorsalis in the north, and the control effect is greatly better than that of the traditional method.

2. The prevention and control method provided by the invention specifically utilizes the prevention and control in the orchard and the trapping outside the orchard, avoids invasion of the external bactrocera dorsalis, and simultaneously effectively traps and kills the internal bactrocera dorsalis, combines the inside and the outside, treats both the symptoms and root causes, greatly improves the prevention and control effect, and has obvious effect and obvious effect through experimental comparison.

Drawings

1-8 Are dynamic graphs of the occurrence of adult fruit fly in northern orchards 2012-2019;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the locations of trapping points located around the northern orchard;

In the figure: 1-first trapping line, 2-second trapping line, 3-third trapping line and 4-trapping point.

Detailed Description

The invention will now be further illustrated by way of example, but not by way of limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1:

Step one, real-time monitoring

In the last ten days of 5 months each year, 1 trapping point is respectively arranged in the east, west, south, north and middle 5 directions in an orchard, each trapping point is more than 50m away from the periphery of the orchard, the distance between every two adjacent trapping points is not less than 50m, a sex pheromone trapper is hung at the height of 2/3 of a tree body, and 1 sex pheromone attractant is replaced every 1 month; the trap is commercially available Bactrocera dorsalis trap.

Fig. 1-8 are dynamic graphs of the occurrence of fruit fly adults in 2012-2019 in some orchard in the northern Shandong province. From the figure, it can be seen that there is only one peak period in northern orchards for one year, namely from mid-late 8 months to late 10 months. After the adult bactrocera dorsalis is trapped in the middle ten days of 8 months, the trapping amount of the bactrocera dorsalis is continuously increased, and the trapping peak is reached in the middle and last ten days of 9 months. During the period from the middle ten days of 8 months to the last ten days of 10 months, only one trapping peak appears, which indicates that the bactrocera dorsalis rapidly breeds during the period, and the quantity is increased sharply, so that the generation algebra of the bactrocera dorsalis trapped by using the sex-inducing bottle alone cannot be accurately monitored. Through observing the ecological activities of the fruit flies in the orchards in northern areas, the rules of the fruit flies can be found, and the prevention and control strategies can be formulated in a targeted manner.

Step two, peripheral trapping

In the last 7 months of the year (before the fruit fly adults in the orchard appear according to the previous year monitoring result) to the last 10 months (when the fruit fly adults in the orchard are no longer trapped in the orchard according to the previous year monitoring result), three trapping defense lines are arranged at equal intervals at the periphery of the orchard to serve as isolation areas, trapping points are arranged in the 8 directions of east, south, west and north, southeast, northwest and southwest outside the orchard, and a degradable yellow plate or a plastic bottle is hung on the trapping points, and insect physical adhesion inducing agents are sprayed on the yellow plate or the plastic bottle; the physical adhesion attractant is fruit smell attractant, and mainly comprises natural viscose, plant perfume, solvent, propellant and the like, wherein the physical adhesion attractant for east insects produced and sold by Shandong agricultural technologies and technologies limited company is selected in the embodiment. The type of attractant is different from sex attractant which emits female sex hormone to attract peripheral bactrocera dorsalis to mate (the sex hormone attracting range is 15-20 m in radius), and the attractant is fruit smell attractant (the attracting range is 5m in radius), so that the bactrocera dorsalis entering the attracting range can be trapped, but the bactrocera dorsalis entering an external area can not be attracted, and the accurate attracting in a certain area can be realized.

The purpose of peripheral trapping is to trap the bactrocera dorsalis which is free near the isolation area under the condition that the adult bactrocera dorsalis which is more peripheral is not attracted to enter the isolation area, and isolate the bactrocera dorsalis at the periphery of the isolation area, so that the bactrocera dorsalis cannot enter an orchard. According to the first step, the earliest trapping quantity of the northern bactrocera dorsalis is extremely low, and the peripheral isolation trapping of the park is carried out in the period, so that the harm of the late bactrocera dorsalis in the outbreak period can be effectively reduced.

By utilizing the strong spawning tendency of female adults to yellow, the yellow board is added to trap female insects in spawning period, and by combining physical adhesion-inducing agents of east insects, the peripheral movable fruit flies can be naturally trapped and killed, so that the fruit flies are effectively isolated from entering a park. The effect is that the peripheral bactrocera dorsalis is not attracted to enter the isolation area, and the bactrocera dorsalis moving in the isolation area is continuously trapped and killed.

Step three, fixed-point spraying and killing

The prepared protein bait is poured into a 500ml or 1000ml pneumatic spray can, and the prepared protein bait is uniformly sprayed on the back of the leaves and the branches on the back and the shade surface of the fruit tree (avoiding rain wash), 15 points are formed in each mu of land, 20 ml are formed in each point, and the spraying is carried out once every 10 days.

The protein bait is prepared by mixing hydrolyzed plant soybean protein seasoning powder and water according to a mass ratio of 1:1. Then the protein bait and the honey peach powder and 60g/L spinetoram suspending agent are prepared according to the mass ratio: juicy peach powder: 60g/L spinetoram suspension agent is 88:5:2 in mass ratio.

The attractive result of the protein bait is that the spot spraying mode is adopted:

TABLE 1 influence of different proportions of spinetoram on the trapping and killing effects of Bactrocera dorsalis by adding to protein bait

Note that: the spot spraying test point is positioned in a late-maturing peach garden, and the dosage of each plant is 50ml. The same lowercase letters in each column indicate that the difference is not significant, otherwise, the difference is significant at the level of P < 0.05.

Table 1 shows that the protein bait added with the spinetoram suspending agent with different proportions has obvious trapping and killing effect difference. When the additive amount is less than 1%, the protein bait has a lower trapping effect on the bactrocera dorsalis. The additive amount is 2.0-2.5% and the effect is optimal.

TABLE 2 comparison of the number of baits to kill Bactrocera dorsalis by dilution of protein baits at different fold

Table 2 shows that the differences between the trapping and killing effects of the different amounts of protein baits are significant. As the dilution factor increases, the trapping effect of the protein bait gradually decreases. The trapping effect of the stock solution and the dilution by 2 times is best, and the difference is not obvious. The effect is significantly reduced when diluted by 4 times.

TABLE 3 comparison of the number of baits to kill Bactrocera dorsalis with different formulations of protein baits

Note that: the spot spraying test point is positioned in a late-maturing peach garden, and the dosage of each plant is 50ml. The protein bait comprises the following components: water=1:1. The same lowercase letters in each column indicate that the difference is not significant, otherwise, the difference is significant at the level of P < 0.05.

Table 3 shows that the different protein bait formulations have remarkable trapping effect difference. The trapping and killing effect of the protein bait with the concentration of 2.5 percent of the juicy peach powder and the concentration of 2.5 percent of the red date powder is the best, which is higher than that of the protein bait with the concentration of 5 percent of the juicy peach powder and the concentration of 2.5 percent of the red date powder, but the difference is not obvious.

TABLE 4 comparison of the number of baits to kill Bactrocera dorsalis with different amounts of protein baits

Note that: the spot spraying test point is positioned in the late-maturing peach garden. The same lowercase letters in each column indicate that the difference is not significant, otherwise, the difference is significant at the level of P < 0.05.

Table 4 shows that the different dosage of protein bait formulations have remarkable trapping effect difference. The trapping effect of the use amount of 50ml and 60ml is optimal, and the difference is not obvious; the trapping effect of 20ml of the use amount is the lowest.

TABLE 5 comparison of the number of baits to kill Bactrocera dorsalis with protein baits of different periods

Note that: the spot spraying test point is positioned in the late-maturing peach garden. The addition amount of 60g/L spinetoram suspending agent in the protein bait is 2%, and the dosage of each plant is 50ml.

Table 5 shows that the amount of insect trapping by the protein bait increases with the number of days of trapping, and by the time of 6d, the amount of insect trapping does not increase. The protein bait has a duration of 6d.

Example 2:

A method for preventing and controlling Bactrocera dorsalis in northern areas comprises the following steps of: in the second step, each trapping line is enclosed into a rectangle, the trapping point of the second trapping line is positioned on the central axis (X/Y dotted line in figure 9, the same applies below) of the adjacent trapping point of the first trapping line, and the trapping point of the third trapping line is positioned on the central axis of the adjacent trapping point of the second trapping line. The trapping points of the three trapping defense lines are staggered to form a tight protection network, the whole periphery protection has no dead angle, and the fruit flies at the periphery of the orchard are prevented from entering the orchard to the greatest extent.

Example 3:

A method for preventing and controlling Bactrocera dorsalis in northern areas comprises the following steps of: in the third step, the protein bait is prepared by mixing hydrolyzed plant soybean protein seasoning powder and water according to a mass ratio of 1:2.

Example 4:

A method for preventing and controlling Bactrocera dorsalis in northern areas comprises the following steps of: the method further comprises the step four of placing the prepared food attractant into a basin when the fruit fly is trapped by the internal pheromone trap in the orchard, hanging the food attractant at the position of 2/3 of the height of the fruit tree, placing 1 food attractant every 10 meters, and replacing 1 food attractant every 7-10 days.

The food attractant comprises water, protein bait, juicy peach powder: red date powder: the organic silicon is mixed according to the mass ratio of 85:10:1:1:2.

TABLE 6 influence of food attractant formulations and sex pheromones on the trapping effect of Bactrocera dorsalis

The results show that: the total annual trapping amount of the food attractant formula in the peach orchard and the apple orchard is 1552.34 heads/trap and 2180 heads/trap respectively, which is higher than the trapping amount of the fruit fly sex pheromone trap (1260.67 heads/trap and 1694.67 heads/trap). The most obvious food-intake inducing formula can trap a large amount of fruit fly female adults, wherein the annual trapping amount in peach orchards and apple orchards is 577.67 heads/trap and 761.33 heads/trap respectively, which is higher than the trapping amount (0 heads/trap and 0 heads/trap) of fruit fly sex pheromone trap.

The sex pheromone mainly utilizes the capability of the synthetic sex pheromone to trap or interfere male insects to locate female insects, monitors occurrence, traps and kills, and interferes mating, and the like, and has the advantages of simple operation, high efficiency, specificity, economy, no toxicity, no damage to natural enemies, difficult resistance generation, no environmental pollution and the like, but the female sex pheromone can only trap male insects and cannot trap female insects. The food attraction formula can be used for trapping male and female fruit flies of the bactrocera dorsalis simultaneously, and the application of the food attraction formula to trap the bactrocera dorsalis has obvious advantages in controlling the number of insect population of the next generation and preventing and controlling the whole body.

The above description is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling bactrocera dorsalis in northern areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:

Step one, real-time monitoring

step two, peripheral trapping

Three trapping lines are arranged at equal intervals at the periphery of an orchard from 7 months to 10 months each year to serve as isolation areas, trapping points are arranged at 8 positions outside the orchard, namely, east, south, west, north, southeast, northeast, northwest and southwest, the trapping points are hung on a degradable yellow plate or a plastic bottle, insect physical adhesion inducing agents are sprayed on the yellow plate or the plastic bottle, and fruit odor attractants are selected as the insect physical adhesion inducing agents;

Each trapping line is enclosed into a rectangle, the trapping point of the second trapping line is positioned on the central axis of the adjacent trapping point of the first trapping line, and the trapping point of the third trapping line is positioned on the central axis of the adjacent trapping point of the second trapping line;

Step three, fixed-point spraying and killing

Uniformly spraying the prepared protein bait on the back of the leaves and the branches on the back and the shade surface of the fruit tree in the isolation area and the orchard, wherein 15 points are formed in each mu of land, each point is 20 ml, and the spraying is performed once every 10 days;

Fourthly, when the fruit fly is trapped by the internal pheromone trap in the orchard, placing the prepared food attractant into a basin, hanging the food attractant at the position of 2/3 of the height of the fruit tree, placing 1 food attractant every 10 meters, placing the food attractant in an interlaced manner, and replacing the food attractant for 1 time every 7-10 days; the food attractant comprises the following components of water, protein bait, honey peach powder: red date powder: the organic silicon is mixed according to the mass ratio of 85:10:1:1:2.

2. The method for controlling bactrocera dorsalis in northern areas according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the protein bait is prepared by mixing hydrolyzed vegetable soy protein seasoning powder and water according to a mass ratio of 1:1 or 1:2.

3. The method for controlling bactrocera dorsalis in northern areas according to claim 2, wherein in the third step, the prepared protein bait is prepared by mixing protein bait, honey peach powder and 60g/L spinetoram suspending agent according to the mass ratio: juicy peach powder: 60g/L spinetoram suspension agent is 88:5:2 in mass ratio.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein in the third step, the prepared protein bait is sprayed on the back of the leaves and the branches by using a pneumatic spray can, and the capacity of the spray can is 500ml or 1000ml.