CN115217474A - Top-directional layered filling mining method for pre-protecting long anchor cable of thick and large broken ore body - Google Patents
Top-directional layered filling mining method for pre-protecting long anchor cable of thick and large broken ore body Download PDFInfo
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- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
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- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
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- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
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Abstract
The invention provides a top-up layered filling mining method for pre-protecting a long anchor cable of a thick and large broken ore body, belonging to the technical field of mining engineering. The method comprises the steps of firstly, dividing a vein into a middle section and a middle section, dividing the middle section into layers, and dividing a mineral block into a mineral chamber and a mineral pillar; secondly, arranging mining preparation engineering, and communicating ore bodies in the subsections through ore removal and mining to complete a ventilation slipping system so as to complete first-step stoping and filling; secondly, stoping the ore pillars, and carrying out long anchor rope support on the top of the stope in a layering manner, wherein the long anchor rope support layer of the ore pillars is used as the next subsection one-step stope; finally, the rest ore pillars are stoped in a layering way; and by parity of reasoning, the stoping of each middle section ore body is completed. The invention combines the long anchor cable pre-support and the upward layered filling mining method, adopts the distributed mining of the chamber and the ore pillars, exerts the advantages of large anchoring depth, large anchoring force, high bearing capacity and the like of the long anchor cable support, and improves the production efficiency and the construction safety of the stope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering, in particular to a top-up layered filling mining method for pre-protecting long anchor cables of thick and large broken ore bodies.
Background
With the increasing depletion of shallow resources in China, both coal mines and metal mines gradually extend to the deep parts, and the problems of high, high and low contents of coal and metal are faced. Especially for the ore body with extremely complex mechanical properties of thick, large, broken and the like rocks, after the ore body is influenced by excavation disturbance, the ore body is easy to damage and lose stability, and has larger potential safety hazard, which poses great threat to safety construction.
The mining of thick and large broken ore bodies is a difficult problem in the mining field, and because of the occurrence conditions of the ore bodies, rock drilling, ore removal, support and other factors, the safe and efficient mining of the ore bodies is difficult to realize. The main reasons for the difficulty in mining the thick and large crushed ore body include the following: (1) The ore body inclination is slow, and the bottom plate slope is little, and the ore that caves in and falls down on the footwall can not rely on the dead weight to emit completely, and the business turn over of trackless equipment such as scraper is also inconvenient, and partial ore is forced to be left over in the stope when stope ore removal, and the ore loss is serious. (2) ceiling management and maintenance difficulties. When the surrounding rock of the roof of the gently inclined thick ore body is broken, the roof of the stope needs to be supported in order to ensure the safety of mining operators. But because the ore body is thick and big, the existing equipment is difficult to be adequate for supporting work. And (3) difficult problem of arrangement of cutting engineering. When the ore body is mined, if the in-vein mining is adopted, although the amount of the waste rocks is small and the cost is controlled to a certain extent, trackless operation is difficult to realize in a stope, the production capacity is small, and the labor intensity of workers is high. When extra-vein mining is adopted, the production capacity is large, the efficiency is high, but the mining engineering quantity is large, and the mining cost of ore bodies is high. The room-pillar method and the open-field method are the main methods, but the problems of backward production equipment, low production efficiency, high loss and dilution and the like exist, and the safe and efficient mining of mines is restricted.
Therefore, the invention provides a long anchor cable pre-protection top upward layered filling mining method for thick and large broken ore bodies, and aims to solve the problems of high mining cost, low efficiency, high loss and dilution rate and the like of the thick and large broken ore bodies in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a long anchor cable pre-protection top-up layered filling mining method for thick and large broken ore bodies, combining a long anchor cable pre-support with an upward layered filling mining method, and stoping a stope and an ore pillar step by step to play the advantages of large anchoring depth, large anchoring force, high bearing capacity and the like of the long anchor cable support, thereby improving the production efficiency and the construction safety of a stope.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1: and (3) dividing ore blocks: the stope is arranged in a vertical ore body direction, a plurality of ore blocks are arranged in the stope and divided into ore rooms and ore pillars, the ore blocks are circularly arranged in the ore rooms, the ore pillars and the ore rooms, the ore bodies are divided into middle sections in the vertical direction, the stope is high in middle section, and the middle sections are divided and layered;
s2: and (3) mining preparation engineering: arranging a middle-section haulage roadway and a subsection haulage roadway on the footwall of the ore body, and excavating a stope connecting channel from the middle-section haulage roadway and each subsection haulage roadway to access the ore body; arranging a pedestrian ventilation raise, a drop shaft, a return air shaft, a sedimentation tank and the like to form a ventilation and slipping system;
s3: first-step extraction: stoping the chamber by adopting a mode of two-step stoping and one-step stoping, wherein the ore body is stoped layer by layer from bottom to top; drilling and blasting by adopting a drilling trolley and an air-leg rock drill; the ore is carried to a truck by a scraper, and the truck carries the ore to a drop shaft;
s4: filling: calibrating the closed positions of the plate walls (including two and three plate walls), the installation positions of the filling pipe frames, the false bottom lines and the construction positions of the shell expansion anchor rods; constructing an artificial false roof, firstly paving plastic cloth on a bottom plate, then paving a reinforcing mesh, constructing a shell-expanding anchor rod on the boundary of an ore body, welding reinforcing steel bars with the shell-expanding anchor rod, and after filling of a false bottom, reducing the concentration of a filling material by the residual filling height according to the actual condition and leaving a distance of a hollow roof;
s5: and a second step of stoping: stoping the bottom part of the second ore pillar in the structure of the chamber-the ore pillar-the chamber, constructing a long anchor cable vertically upwards to support the top plate and the upper part of the chamber after stoping, and the long anchor cable supporting layer of the ore pillar is used as the next subsection one-step stoping stope, and after the long anchor cable supporting is finished, stoping the ore room and the first ore pillar in the structure of the ore room, the ore pillar and the ore room are left to be layered according to the steps S3 to S4;
s6: thirdly, stoping: performing support layering on the remaining long anchor cables of the second ore pillar in the stope room-ore pillar-ore room structure according to the steps S3-S4;
s7: and repeating S3-S6 to finish the stoping operation of each middle section ore body.
Wherein, the layering height in S1 is 3-8 m, and the widths of the chamber and the pillar are both 5-10 m.
S3, in the first step, the number of continuous stoping layers of the stope room is not more than 5; in order to reduce the disturbance to the bottom filling body during blasting, the bottom hole is set at a safe distance of 0.5m from the lower filling body.
S4, laying a reinforcing mesh main rib below and laying an auxiliary rib above, wherein the lapping length of the reinforcing mesh main rib and the auxiliary rib is not less than 300mm, the welding length is not less than 100mm, and the main rib on the continuous side of the ore body is supported on the upper by 1.0m; the depth of the shell-expanding anchor rod for the boundary construction of the ore body is 1.0-2.0 m, the distance between the shell-expanding anchor rod and the bottom plate is 1.0-2.0 m, the welding length of the reinforcing steel bar and the shell-expanding anchor rod is not less than 100mm, and the empty top distance is 0.5-1.0 m.
The main reinforcement of the reinforcement mesh is perpendicular to the approach, and the auxiliary reinforcement is along the approach.
S5, the construction steps of the medium-length anchor cable support are as follows:
s51: determining parameters: determining parameters such as the diameter, the length, the breaking force, the support mesh degree and the like of the long anchor cable, and determining the proportion and the bonding strength of grouting slurry;
s52: knocking the upper and asking the top: before construction operation, a construction site is checked, a top plate and two sides of pumice stones are timely checked, and temporary support of pit wood and anchor rods is performed in advance before anchor cable support according to the stable condition of a stope;
s53: drilling: a down-the-hole drill is adopted for drilling, mine survey technicians use a total station to accurately position the drilling position before drilling (the drilling position is at the pre-construction position of the top plate anchor cable, namely a surrounding rock crushing area), the down-the-hole drill is required to prevent the drilling from inclining in the drilling process, in order to ensure that the long anchor cable is smoothly installed, the drilling depth is greater than the design depth, and the drilling diameter is greater than the diameter of the anchor cable;
s54: installing an anchor cable: before the anchor cable is installed, broken stones in the drilled hole are blown out by using a high-pressure air pipe, an operator sends the anchor cable bound with an exhaust pipe into the drilled hole, the exhaust pipe is used for exhausting air in the hole during grouting, and the anchor cable needs to be sent to the bottom of the hole; after the work is finished, sealing by using a sealing wooden plug;
s55: grouting: adding cement, fine sand and water into a stirring barrel according to a designed ratio, uniformly stirring, connecting a grouting pipe with a grouting machine, and testing the machine by using clear water before grouting; and (3) because the grouting time is longer, in order to prevent the grouting material from precipitating, the grouting material is stirred in the grouting process until the grouting material flows out of the exhaust pipe, the grouting machine is washed by clear water after grouting is finished, and the exposed grouting pipe is cut off to install the base plate and the anchorage device after maintenance is finished.
Wherein, the diameter of the long anchor cable in S51 is 15-30 mm, the breaking force is 120-450 kN, the single anchor cable is welded into the long anchor cable, and the length of the welding position is not less than 0.5m.
The bonding strength (28 d) of the grouting material is judged to be not less than 5.0MPa according to field experience. If the triangular area of the upper disc is large, in order to avoid unnecessary waste, the length of the long anchor cable is gradually reduced in the triangular area, and the length of the long anchor cable penetrating through the upper disc and breaking is not less than 3.0m.
S54, reserving a long anchor cable hole, an exhaust pipe hole and a grouting pipe hole in the sealing wooden plug, wherein the exhaust pipe is a polyvinyl chloride pipe with the diameter of phi 5-10 mm and extends out of the exhaust pipe hole by 300-500 mm;
s55, the grouting pipe extends into the grouting pipe hole for 300-500 mm, and the length of the sealing wood plug is 250-300 mm;
and the curing time of the grouting material in S55 is not less than 72h.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method has high construction safety, and the long anchor cable support has the characteristics of large anchoring depth, large anchoring force, high bearing capacity and the like, and can also apply prestress to play a role in actively supporting the surrounding rock. The stability of the stope roof is improved, so that the stope route specification is enlarged, and the stope production efficiency is improved. And (2) layered mining can be well adapted to the form change of ore bodies. In addition, the length of the long anchor cable can be adjusted according to the actual condition of the mine, and the flexibility is high. (3) By arranging the transverse and vertical reinforcing meshes and the shell-expanding anchor rods, the structural integrity of the false roof is enhanced, so that the cement content in the filling slurry is reduced, the filling cost can be greatly reduced due to the reduction of the cement content, the improvement of the filling quality is beneficial to the recovery of ore bodies and bottom columns, and the dilution loss of ores is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a top-up cut-and-fill mining method for pre-protecting a long anchor cable of a thick and large crushed ore body according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the roof-up cut-and-fill mining method of the present invention with pre-protected long anchor cables for thick and large crushed ore bodies;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a long anchor cable support construction;
fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the closure cork.
Wherein: 1-middle section transportation roadway; 2-stope connecting road; 3-a filling body; 4-ore; 5-long anchor cable; 6-ore body; 7-subsection haulage roadway; 8-pass shaft; 9-stirring barrel; 10-grouting machine; 11-grouting pipe; 12-an exhaust pipe; 13-sealing wooden plugs; 14-grouting material; 15-grouting pipe holes; 16-exhaust pipe holes; 17-long anchor cable holes.
Detailed Description
To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a top-up layered filling mining method for pre-protecting a long anchor cable of a thick and large broken ore body.
The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
s1: dividing ore blocks: the mining method is characterized in that the stope is arranged in a vertical ore body trend manner, ore blocks are arranged in the stope, and the ore blocks are divided into ore rooms and ore pillars (the common ore rooms and the ore pillars are given by combining a specific mining method, a ore removal mode, an ore lean loss index and a safety index of a mine);
s2: and (3) mining preparation engineering: arranging a middle-section transportation roadway and a subsection transportation roadway on the ore body footwall (each subsection transportation roadway mainly plays a role in connection, one end of each subsection transportation roadway is used for being connected with the middle-section transportation roadway, the other end of each subsection transportation roadway is connected with a stope connecting channel, and a caving mine is applied to the middle-section transportation roadway from the stope through the roadway; arranging a pedestrian ventilation patio, a drop shaft, a return air shaft and a sedimentation tank to form a ventilation and slipping system;
s3: first-step extraction: stoping the chamber by adopting a mode of two-step stoping and one-step stoping, as shown in fig. 1, stoping 1# and 4# chambers, and stoping ore bodies layer by layer from bottom to top; drilling and blasting by adopting a drilling trolley and an air-leg rock drill; the caving ore is carried by a scraper to a truck, and the truck carries the ore to a chute 8;
s4: filling: calibrating the closed position of the plate wall, the setting position of the filling pipe, the false bottom line and the construction position of the shell expansion anchor rod; constructing an artificial false roof, firstly paving plastic cloth on a bottom plate, then paving a reinforcing mesh, constructing a shell-expanding anchor rod on the boundary of an ore body, welding reinforcing steel bars with the shell-expanding anchor rod, and leaving a distance of a hollow roof in the residual filling height after filling of a false bottom;
the closed position of the plate wall is arranged at one end of a stope connecting road, namely an inlet at the bottom of a goaf; the filling pipe is arranged on the filling pipe support and is specifically fixed on one side of the filling return airway at the height of 1.3 m; the false bottom line is a straight line which is calibrated by the filling height required to be reached when the filling false bottom is finally formed, in the method, the filling false bottom is 1m, namely, the position 1m away from the bottom of a stope in the stope is a calibration position of the false top line; the shell expansion anchor rods are constructed at the boundary of the ore body, and the distance between the shell expansion anchor rods is 1m, the depth is 1m, and the distance between the shell expansion anchor rods and the bottom plate is 1 m;
s5: and a second step of stoping: stoping the bottom part layer of the second ore pillar in the stope room-ore pillar structure (namely 3# ore pillar in figure 1), constructing a long anchor cable vertically upwards to support the top plate and the upper part layer after stoping, taking the long anchor cable support layer of the ore pillar as the next subsection one-step stope, stoping the ore room and the first ore pillar residual layer in the stope room-ore pillar structure (namely 1#, 4# ore room and 2# ore pillar residual layer in figure 1) according to the steps of S3-S4 after the long anchor cable support is finished;
s6: thirdly, stoping: the remaining long anchor cables in the second ore pillar (namely the No. 3 ore pillar in the figure 1) in the stope room-ore pillar-ore room structure are supported and layered according to the steps S3 to S4;
s7: and repeating S3-S6 to finish the stoping operation of each middle section ore body.
The following description is given with reference to specific examples.
The specific mining method comprises the following steps:
s1: and (3) dividing ore blocks: the stopes are arranged in the vertical ore body trend, each stope is 100m long, and the height is the middle section height. Each stope is provided with 20 ore blocks, each ore block is divided into an ore room and an ore pillar, the width of each ore room and each ore pillar is 5.0m, the layering height is 3.8m, the filling height is 3.3m, and the top control height is 0.5m;
s2: and (3) mining preparation engineering: arranging a middle-section haulage roadway 1 (shown in figure 3) and a sectional haulage roadway 7 (with the section of 4.15m multiplied by 3.55 m) (shown in figure 4) on the footwall of the ore body, and excavating a stope connecting road 2 (with the section of 3.5m multiplied by 3.5 m) from the middle-section haulage roadway 1 and each sectional haulage roadway 7 to reach the ore body 6; arranging a pedestrian ventilation raise (the section is 1.5m multiplied by 1.5 m), a draw shaft 8 (phi 2.5 m), a return air shaft (phi 1.5 m), a sedimentation tank (the section is 3.5m multiplied by 3.5 m) and the like to form a ventilation and chute system;
s3: first-step extraction: stoping 1# and 4# chambers by adopting a mode of two-step stoping and one-step stoping (as shown in figure 1), and stoping ore bodies layer by layer from bottom to top; drilling holes with the depth of 2.0-4.0 m and the diameter of 40-42 mm by adopting a drilling trolley and an air-leg rock drill. The distance of the cut holes is 0.45m, the inclination angle of blast holes is 68 degrees, and the number of the blast holes is 6. As shown in fig. 2, in order to reduce the disturbance of blasting to the bottom filling body 3, a safety distance of 0.5m is set between the bottom hole and the lower filling body 3, the distance between the bottom hole and the side hole is 0.6m, the distance between the side hole and the stope contour line is 0.2m, the distance between the side hole is 0.6m, the distance between the auxiliary holes is 0.6-0.8 m, the distance between the arch hole and the arch hole is 0.5m, the collapsed ore 4 is loaded into a pit card by a scraper, and the truck transports the ore 4 to a middle section chute 8;
s4: filling: after the stope is accepted, technicians mark the closed positions of the plate walls (including two or three plate walls), the position of the filling pipe support, the false bottom line and the construction position of the shell expansion anchor rod. The artificial false roof is constructed by firstly spreading plastic cloth on a bottom plate, then spreading a reinforcing mesh by using 12# reinforcing steel bars at a mesh size of 300mm multiplied by 300mm, wherein a main bar (vertical to the trend of an approach) is arranged below, an auxiliary bar (along the trend of the approach) is arranged above, the lap joint length of the reinforcing steel bars is not less than 300mm, the welding length is not less than 100mm, and the main bar at the continuous side of an ore body 6 is supported on a side for 1.0m. 6 border constructions of ore body rise the shell stock, rise the shell stock dark 1.0m, interval 1.0m, apart from the bottom plate height 1.0m, the reinforcing bar with rise shell stock welding length and be not less than 100mm, earlier with the sand-lime than 1:4 filling 1.0m false bottom with a filling body 3, and then mixing the mixture with a sand-lime ratio of 1: filling 20 filling bodies 3 for 1.8m, then filling 0.5m by using the filling bodies 3 with a sand-lime ratio of 1;
s5: and a second step of stoping: stoping the bottom part of the 3# ore pillar, vertically constructing a long anchor rope 5 upwards to support the top plate and the upper part of the pillar after stoping, taking the long anchor rope 5 support layer of the 3# ore pillar as a next subsection one-step stope, and stoping the 1# ore room, the 4# ore room and the 2# ore pillar according to the steps from S3 to S4 after the long anchor rope 5 support is finished;
as shown in fig. 5, the long anchor cable 5 support construction steps include:
s51: determining parameters: spiral steel with the diameter phi of 22mm is selected, the length of a long anchor cable 5 is 18m, the support mesh degree is 2.0m multiplied by 1.5m, the length of a single spiral steel is 5m, the spiral steel needs to be welded when the length of the long anchor cable 5 reaches 18m, 4 spiral steels with the length of 5m are subjected to steel structure welding, and the length of a welding part is 0.5m. Because the triangular area of the upper plate is large, in order to avoid unnecessary waste, the length of the long anchor cable 5 is gradually reduced within the range of 28m from the stope to the upper plate, and the situation that the anchor cable penetrates through the upper plate and is crushed by 3m is guaranteed. The cementing material of the grouting material 14 is 425# ordinary portland cement, and the aggregate is fine sand. The proportion of cement to sand is 1:3, the proportion of cement to water is 1:2.5, the bonding strength (28 d) is 5.3MPa;
s52: knocking the help and asking the top: before construction operation, the construction site is checked, a top plate and two sides of pumice stones are detected in time, and temporary pit timbering is performed before timbering by the long anchor cables 5 in advance;
s53: drilling: the drilling hole is a down-the-hole drill, mine surveying technicians use a total station to accurately position the drilling hole position before drilling, the down-the-hole drill is required to prevent the drilling hole from inclining in the drilling process, the diameter of the drilling hole is phi 50mm, and in order to ensure the smooth installation of the long anchor cable 5, the drilling depth is slightly larger than the designed hole depth;
s54: installing an anchor cable: before the long anchor cable 5 is installed, broken stones in the drilled hole need to be blown out by a high-pressure air pipe, the long anchor cable 5 is sent into the drilled hole by an operator, and the long anchor cable 5 needs to be sent to the bottom of the hole. During installation, an exhaust pipe 12 needs to be bound on the long anchor cable 5, the exhaust pipe 12 is used for exhausting air in the hole during grouting, the exhaust pipe 12 is a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe with the diameter of 8mm, and the exhaust pipe 12 extends out of the hole by 300mm. In addition, a grouting pipe 11 (phi 25 mm) needs to be arranged at the grouting pipe hole 15, and the grouting pipe 12 extends into the grouting pipe hole 15 by 300mm. After the work is finished, sealing the opening by using a special sealing wooden plug 13, wherein the sealing length is 280mm for ensuring the sealing effect; as shown in fig. 6, a long anchor cable hole 17, an exhaust pipe hole 16 and a grouting pipe hole 15 are reserved in the sealing wooden plug 13, the exhaust pipe is a polyvinyl chloride pipe with the diameter of phi 5-10 mm, and the exhaust pipe extends out of the exhaust pipe hole by 300-500 mm;
s55: grouting: adding cement, fine sand and water into a stirring barrel 9 according to a designed ratio, screening out large sundries in the sand to prevent blocking of a grouting pipe before the fine sand is used, connecting a grouting pipe 11 with a grouting machine 10, selecting a UB-3C type grouting pump for the grouting machine 10, performing test run by using clean water before grouting, and starting grouting after the situation that no errors exist is confirmed. Because the grouting time is long, in order to prevent the grouting material 14 from precipitating, the grouting material 14 needs to be stirred in the grouting process until the exhaust pipe flows out of the grouting material 14. After grouting, washing the grouting machine 10 by using clear water to prevent the grouting machine 10 from being blocked after residual grouting material 14 in the pump is hardened, and cutting the exposed grouting pipe 11 after 72 hours to install a base plate and an anchorage device;
s6: thirdly, stoping: 3# ore pillars are stoped according to the steps S3-S4, and the remaining long anchor cables 5 are supported and layered; and repeating S3-S6 to finish the stoping operation of each middle section ore body 6.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A top-up layered filling mining method for pre-protecting a long anchor cable of a thick and large broken ore body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: and (3) dividing ore blocks: the stope is arranged in a vertical ore body direction, ore blocks are arranged in the stope and divided into ore rooms and ore pillars, the ore blocks are circularly arranged in the ore blocks according to the ore rooms, the ore pillars and the ore rooms, the ore bodies are divided into middle sections in the vertical direction, the stope height is the middle section height, and the middle sections are divided and layered;
s2: and (3) mining preparation engineering: arranging a middle-section haulage roadway and a subsection haulage roadway on the footwall of the ore body, and excavating a stope connecting channel from the middle-section haulage roadway and each subsection haulage roadway to access the ore body; arranging a pedestrian ventilation raise, a drop shaft, a return air shaft and a sedimentation tank to form a ventilation and slipping system;
s3: first-step extraction: stoping the chamber by adopting a mode of two-step stoping and one-step stoping, wherein the ore body is stoped layer by layer from bottom to top; drilling and blasting by adopting a drilling trolley and an air-leg rock drill; the ore is carried to a truck by a scraper, and the truck carries the ore to a drop shaft;
s4: filling: calibrating the closed position of the plate wall, the installation position of the filling pipe, the false bottom line and the construction position of the shell expansion anchor rod; constructing an artificial false roof, firstly paving plastic cloth on a bottom plate, then paving a reinforcing mesh, constructing a shell-expanding anchor rod on the boundary of an ore body, welding reinforcing steel bars with the shell-expanding anchor rod, and leaving a distance of a hollow roof in the residual filling height after filling of a false bottom;
s5: and a second step of stoping: stoping the bottom part of the second ore pillar in the structure of the chamber-the ore pillar-the chamber, constructing a long anchor cable vertically upwards to support the top plate and the upper part of the chamber after stoping, and the long anchor cable supporting layer of the ore pillar is used as the next subsection one-step stoping stope, and after the long anchor cable supporting is finished, stoping the ore room and the first ore pillar in the structure of the ore room, the ore pillar and the ore room are left to be layered according to the steps S3 to S4;
s6: thirdly, stoping: performing support layering on the remaining long anchor cables of the second ore pillar in the stope room-ore pillar-ore room structure according to the steps S3-S4;
s7: and repeating S3-S6 to finish the stoping operation of each middle section ore body.
2. The method for roof-up cut-and-fill mining of thick and large crushed ore bodies with long anchor cables according to claim 1, wherein the height of the middle cut in S1 is 3-8 m, and the widths of the chamber and the pillar are the same and are 5-10 m.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of continuous stoping strata of the first-step stope chamber in S3 does not exceed 5 strata; in order to reduce the disturbance to the bottom filling body during blasting, the bottom hole is set with a safety distance of 0.5m from the lower filling body.
4. The pre-protected roof upward cut-and-fill mining method for the thick and large crushed ore body and the long anchor cable according to claim 1, wherein in S4, a reinforcing mesh main rib is laid below, an auxiliary rib is laid above, the overlapping length of the reinforcing mesh main rib and the auxiliary rib is not less than 300mm, the welding length is not less than 100mm, and the main rib on the continuous side of the ore body is supported on a roof by 1.0m; the shell-expanding anchor rod is constructed at the boundary of an ore body, the depth is 1.0-2.0 m, the distance from the bottom plate is 1.0-2.0 m, the welding length of the reinforcing steel bar and the shell-expanding anchor rod is not less than 100mm, and the empty top distance is 0.5-1.0 m.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the mesh reinforcement main reinforcement is perpendicular to the approach path and the auxiliary reinforcement is along the approach path.
6. The long anchor cable pre-protection roof cut-and-fill mining method for thick and large crushed ore bodies according to claim 1, wherein the construction steps of the S5 medium-length anchor cable support are as follows:
s51: determining parameters: determining the diameter, the length, the breaking force and the support mesh degree of the long anchor cable, and determining the slurry proportion and the bonding strength of grouting;
s52: knocking the upper and asking the top: before construction operation, a construction site is checked, a top plate and two sides of pumice stones are timely checked, and temporary support of pit wood and anchor rods is performed in advance before anchor cable support according to the stable condition of a stope;
s53: drilling: a down-the-hole drill is adopted for drilling, mine survey technicians use a total station to accurately position the position of a drill hole before drilling, the down-the-hole drill is required to prevent the drill hole from inclining in the drilling process, the drilling depth is greater than the design depth, and the drilling diameter is greater than the diameter of an anchor cable;
s54: installing an anchor cable: before the anchor cable is installed, broken stones in the drill hole are blown out by a high-pressure air pipe, the anchor cable bound with the exhaust pipe is sent into the drill hole by an operator, and the anchor cable needs to be sent to the bottom of the hole; after the work is finished, sealing by using a sealing wooden plug;
s55: grouting: adding cement, fine sand and water into a stirring barrel according to a designed ratio, uniformly stirring, connecting a grouting pipe with a grouting machine, and testing the machine by using clear water before grouting; and stirring grouting materials in the grouting process until the grouting materials flow out of the exhaust pipe, flushing the grouting machine with clear water after grouting is finished, and cutting off the exposed grouting pipe to mount a base plate and an anchorage device after maintenance is finished.
7. The pre-protected roof upward cut-and-fill mining method for the thick and large crushed ore body long anchor cable according to claim 6, wherein the diameter of the long anchor cable in S51 is 15-30 mm, the breaking force is 120-450 kN, the single anchor cable is welded into the long anchor cable, and the length of the welding part is not less than 0.5m.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the long anchor cables are broken through the upper wall to a length of not less than 3.0m.
9. The long anchor cable pre-guard overhead cut-and-fill mining method for the thick and large crushed ore bodies according to claim 6, wherein in the step S54, a long anchor cable hole, an exhaust pipe hole and a grouting pipe hole are reserved in a sealing wooden plug, a polyvinyl chloride pipe with the diameter phi of 5-10 mm is adopted as an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe extends out of the exhaust pipe hole by 300-500 mm;
the S55 grouting pipe extends into the grouting pipe hole for 300-500 mm, and the length of the sealing wood plug is 250-300 mm;
and the curing time of the grouting material in the S55 is not less than 72h.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210846915.9A CN115217474B (en) | 2022-07-04 | Top-facing layered filling mining method for long anchor cable pre-protecting layer of thick and large crushed ore body |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210846915.9A CN115217474B (en) | 2022-07-04 | Top-facing layered filling mining method for long anchor cable pre-protecting layer of thick and large crushed ore body |
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| CN117418842A (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-01-19 | 凉山矿业股份有限公司 | Mining method applied to quasi-mechanized upward layered filling in vein of thin ore body |
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| WO2011079538A1 (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-07-07 | 河北邯邢矿冶设计院有限公司 | Method for stope-and-fill mining in sections |
| CN102337892A (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2012-02-01 | 长沙矿山研究院 | Upward access filling method |
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| WO2011079538A1 (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-07-07 | 河北邯邢矿冶设计院有限公司 | Method for stope-and-fill mining in sections |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117418842A (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-01-19 | 凉山矿业股份有限公司 | Mining method applied to quasi-mechanized upward layered filling in vein of thin ore body |
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