CN115213535B - Magnetic-assisted multistage resistance spot welding connection method for light metal and steel - Google Patents
Magnetic-assisted multistage resistance spot welding connection method for light metal and steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN115213535B CN115213535B CN202110422320.6A CN202110422320A CN115213535B CN 115213535 B CN115213535 B CN 115213535B CN 202110422320 A CN202110422320 A CN 202110422320A CN 115213535 B CN115213535 B CN 115213535B
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/36—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
A magnetically assisted multi-stage resistance spot welding method for connecting a light metal to steel, comprising: the invention introduces an external magnetic field source which takes a radial magnetic field as a main part on the basis of the traditional resistance spot welding process, and generates a cyclic tensile-compressive stress broken interface oxide film at a light metal/steel interface through the broken film treatment of multi-pulse current. The broken oxide film is driven by electromagnetic force stirring to be far away from the welding connection surface. The invention does not need a pre-welding oxide film removing procedure, obviously improves the mechanical property of the joint and realizes the high-performance spot welding connection of the light metal/steel dissimilar materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of welding, in particular to a magnetic-assisted multistage resistance spot welding connection method for light metal and steel, which is suitable for resistance spot welding connection of a light metal/steel double-layer plate and a multi-layer plate, and is also suitable for resistance spot welding connection of dissimilar materials of the double-layer plate or the multi-layer plate with a plating layer on the surface of the plate.
Background
Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) is currently the primary method of metal point joining under the weight reduction requirements of automotive bodies. However, the crystal structures of light metals and steel are different, and brittle intermetallic compounds (Intermetallic compounds, IMC) are extremely easily generated at the interface when the two metals are spot welded. The IMC has less independent slippage system, poor deformation coordination capability and easy dislocation accumulation. When the joint is loaded, if the IMC is thicker, cracks tend to initiate in the IMC layer, resulting in brittle fracture of the joint; the surface of the light metal is provided with a plurality of layers of water-containing discontinuous oxide films, the melting point is high, the heat conduction is poor, the oxide films on the light metal/steel joint surface can cause defects of slag inclusion, air holes and the like in the side molten core of the light metal in the welding process, in addition, the oxide film on the surface of the light metal has extremely high resistivity, the interface is easy to generate rapid heat in the electrifying process, the interface splash is caused, and the process stability and the joint performance are seriously influenced. In the actual production and manufacturing process, a manufacturer usually adopts a mechanical polishing or chemical washing method before welding to remove the oxide film on the surface of the light metal so as to eliminate the influence of the oxide film on the welding performance, but the method is difficult to meet the requirements of mass, fast beat, low cost and green production.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a magnetic-assisted multistage spot welding connection method for light metal and steel, which introduces an external magnetic field source mainly comprising a radial magnetic field on the basis of the traditional spot welding process and generates electromagnetic force by interaction with welding current. Crushing an oxide film of a light metal/steel interface under the action of cyclic tensile-compressive stress generated by multi-pulse current; the broken oxide film is driven by electromagnetic force stirring to be far away from the welding connection surface. The invention does not need a pre-welding oxide film removing procedure, can obviously improve the mechanical property of the joint and realize the high-performance spot welding connection of the light metal/steel dissimilar materials.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a magnetic-assisted multistage resistance spot welding connection method for light metal and steel, which comprises the following steps: preheating stage, broken film stage, growing up stage and stirring stage, wherein: in the preheating stage, the plate/electrode interface and the plate/plate interface form good contact through preheating current; the film breaking stage circularly heats/cools the plate through multi-pulse current, so that the light metal/steel interface oxide film is broken under the combined action of cyclic tensile-compressive stress and electrode force generated by thermal circulation; the heat input power of the light metal/steel interface is regulated through multi-pulse current in the growing stage, the excessive growth and splashing of the interface IMC are restrained, and the growth of nuggets on the light metal side along the diameter and thickness directions is promoted; the stirring stage generates electromagnetic force through the interaction of at least one pulse current and an external magnetic field source, oxide film fragments are dispersed and distributed in the melting core under the electromagnetic force stirring action, and simultaneously high-temperature metal fluid flows at a high speed under the stirring action, so that the diffusion of iron elements to the light metal side is accelerated, the melting core strength is increased, the iron atom concentration of a light metal/steel interface is reduced, and the growth rate of IMC is slowed down.
The electrode force, i.e. the force exerted by the welding gun on the sheet material, is preferably 1-10kN.
The preheating current, i.e. the current applied to the sheet by the welding controller, is preferably 1kA to 20kA.
The duration of the preheating current can be adjusted to zero by increasing the time or the quantity of the pulse current in the film breaking stage.
In the film breaking stage, the breaking of the oxide film is realized by adjusting the amplitude and the duty ratio of the multi-pulse current and applying the cyclic stress of cyclic expansion/contraction of the solid plate to be larger than the tensile strength of the oxide film, namely the plate/plate interface temperature T C Satisfy the following requirements Wherein: sigma (sigma) b Alpha (T) is the relation of the thermal expansion coefficient of the light metal along with the temperature change, E (T) is the relation of the Young modulus of the light metal along with the temperature change, T 0 Is ambient temperature.
The growing stage adjusts the amplitude and the duty ratio of the multi-pulse current to ensure that the diameter of the nugget reachesAnd simultaneously controlling not to generate splash phenomenon, wherein: t is the thickness of the light metal plate.
In the growing stage, if the thickness h of the nugget meets 0.45t < h <0.65t, electromagnetic force in the stirring stage can be generated by interaction of an induction magnetic field or an external magnetic field and current, wherein: t is the thickness of the light metal plate.
The pulse shape of the multi-pulse current is square wave, slope or the combination of the current waveforms.
The duty cycle of the multi-pulse current is preferably 50% -100%.
The stirring stage is continued until the stirring stage stops immediately after the splashing is generated.
The external magnetic field source acts preferentially on the stirring stage.
Technical effects
The invention solves the problems of excessive thickness of an IMC layer, defects of a light metal side nugget interface, interface splashing and the like faced by the prior light metal/steel resistance spot welding, introduces an external magnetic field source with a radial magnetic field as a main part, and regulates the shape of a joint through four stages of preheating, film breaking, long and large and stirring, so as to generate cyclic tensile-compressive stress to break interface oxides at a light metal/steel interface; the multi-pulse current in the growing stage is utilized to adjust the heat input power, control the growth rate of the IMC, and simultaneously avoid the excessively fast growth of the light metal side nugget caused by the excessively high heat input power, prevent the generation of splashing in the nugget growth process and promote the growth of the nugget in the diameter direction and the thickness direction; the electromagnetic force in the stirring stage is utilized to realize the dispersion distribution of oxide film fragments in the light metal side nuggets, the diffusion of iron atoms to the light metal side nuggets is accelerated, the nuggets are strengthened, meanwhile, the concentration of iron atoms at the light metal/steel interface is reduced, the growth rate of IMC is slowed down, and the quality of the joint is greatly improved. Compared with the traditional spot welding process, the invention solves the quality problem of welding spots caused by the interface oxide film in the light metal/steel welding process, and provides an enabling technology for mass, fast beat, low cost and green production of the mixed material vehicle body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a process flow of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of light metal side nugget growth and oxide film defect distribution.
In the figure: 1 a light metal plate, 2 a steel plate, 3 an interface continuous oxide film, 4 oxide film fragments, 5 a light metal side nugget and 6 an intermediate reaction compound (IMC);
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a welding process according to example 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the welding process of example 2.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In this example, the aluminum plate to be joined was 5754-O of 1.2mm, and the steel plate to be joined was low carbon steel of 2.0 mm.
The embodiment specifically comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 3, a radial magnetic field is applied to the plate level by a permanent magnet, specifically comprising four stages of multi-pulse current. A preheating stage, wherein the current is 6kA, and the time is 40ms; the film breaking stage comprises 10 pulse currents, the current is 7kA, and the heating and cooling time is 40ms and 25ms respectively; the growing stage comprises 6 pulse currents, the current is 13kA, and the heating and cooling time is 80ms and 15ms respectively; the stirring stage comprises 4 pulse currents with the current level of 14.5kA, and the heating and cooling time is respectively 80ms and 5ms. The welding process applied electrodes were 3500N and the applied magnetic field strength was 1.41T.
Through specific practical experiments, compared with the traditional aluminum steel resistance spot welding, the magnetic auxiliary aluminum steel spot welding joint obtained under the parameter setting has the advantages that the thickness of an intermediate reactant is reduced from 10 mu m to 5 mu m; the aluminum-steel interface has no oxide film defect; the magnetic auxiliary multi-stage welding spot tensile shear peak force 3800kN is capable of absorbing 1.55J by shearing, compared with the tensile shear performance of a traditional resistance spot welding joint, the tensile shear peak force is improved by 30%, the tensile shear energy is improved by 115%, and the fracture mode is changed from brittle fracture of an interface to fracture of a part of button.
The method solves the problem of the oxidation film of the welding interface of the aluminum alloy and the steel in the welding process, and breaks the oxidation film of the aluminum metal/steel interface under the action of cyclic tensile-compressive stress and electrode force generated by thermal cycle by using 10 pulse currents in the welding process through a preheating stage, a film breaking stage, a growing stage and a stirring stage; the electromagnetic stirring force drives the oxide film fragments to flow, so that the oxide film fragments are dispersed and distributed in the molten core, and the interface oxide film distribution is reduced. In addition, the high-temperature metal fluid flows at a high speed under the electromagnetic stirring effect, so that the diffusion of iron element to the light metal side is quickened, the nugget strength is increased, the iron atom concentration of an aluminum metal/steel interface is reduced, and the growth rate of IMC is slowed down.
Example 2
In this example, the aluminum plate to be joined was 6022 of 1.2mm, and the steel plate to be joined was low carbon steel of 2.0 mm. As shown in fig. 4, the welding specification used contains four phases of multi-pulse current. A preheating stage, wherein the current is 8kA, and the time is 40ms; the film breaking stage comprises 8 pulse currents, the current is 9kA, and the heating and cooling time is 40ms and 15ms respectively; the growing stage comprises 10 pulse currents, the current is 15.5kA, and the heating time and the cooling time are respectively 80ms and 5ms; the stirring stage comprises 6 pulse currents with the current level of 16.5kA, and the heating and cooling time is 80ms and 20ms respectively. The welding process applied electrode was 4000N.
The problem of an aluminum alloy and steel welding interface oxide film is solved in the welding process, and the aluminum metal/steel interface oxide film is broken under the action of cyclic tensile-compressive stress and electrode force generated by thermal cycle by using 8 pulse currents in the welding process; under the electromagnetic stirring action, the oxide film fragments are driven to flow, so that the oxide film fragments are dispersed and distributed in the molten core, and the interface oxide film distribution is reduced. In addition, the high-temperature metal fluid flows at a high speed under the electromagnetic stirring effect, so that the diffusion of iron element to the light metal side is quickened, the nugget strength is increased, the iron atom concentration of an aluminum metal/steel interface is reduced, and the growth rate of IMC is slowed down.
The aluminum steel spot welding joint obtained through the embodiment has the nugget penetration reaching 0.7mm, the maximum thickness of the intermediate reaction compound being 6 mu m, and the tensile and shear properties of the aluminum steel spot welding joint are improved by 30-60% and the energy absorption is improved by 80-100% compared with those of the traditional resistance spot welding joint.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) The cyclic heating and cooling generated by the multi-pulse current in the growing stage effectively inhibits the generation of splashing;
2) The metals at two sides of the joint expand and contract at high frequency, so that an oxide layer positioned at an aluminum-steel interface is crushed more fully, and meanwhile, under the action of an external magnetic field or an induction magnetic field, a tiny oxide film moves at high speed in molten metal of a weld core at the aluminum side, is far away from the aluminum-steel interface, so that the distribution of the oxide film at the interface of the weld core at the aluminum side is effectively reduced, and the negative influence of oxide film defects near the joint surface of the aluminum steel on the mechanical property of a welding spot is reduced;
3) The thickness of the intermediate reactant IMC layer is reduced by 4-5 mu m, and the interface brittleness failure risk of the joint is reduced;
4) The magnetic stirring effect in the welding process accelerates the diffusion of iron atoms, so that the hardness and strength of the aluminum side nuggets are increased;
5) The shearing and stripping performances of the welding spots are greatly improved, and the breaking mode of the welding spots is changed;
6) The pretreatment of the oxide film on the surface of the light metal is not needed before welding.
The foregoing embodiments may be partially modified in numerous ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the claims and not by the foregoing embodiments, and all such implementations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A magnetic assisted multi-stage resistance spot welding method for connecting a light metal and steel, comprising the steps of: preheating stage, broken film stage, growing up stage and stirring stage, wherein: in the preheating stage, the plate/electrode interface and the plate/plate interface form good contact through preheating current; the film breaking stage heats and cools the plate circularly by the multi-pulse current to break the light metal/steel interface oxide film under the combined action of the cyclic tensile-compressive stress and the electrode force generated by the thermal cycle; the heat input power of the light metal/steel interface is regulated through multi-pulse current in the growing stage, the excessive growth and splashing of the interface IMC are restrained, and the growth of nuggets on the light metal side along the diameter and thickness directions is promoted; the stirring stage generates electromagnetic force through the interaction of at least one pulse current and an external magnetic field source, oxide film fragments are dispersed and distributed in the nugget under the electromagnetic force stirring action, and simultaneously high-temperature metal fluid flows at a high speed under the stirring action, so that the diffusion of iron elements to the light metal side is accelerated, the nugget strength is increased, the iron atom concentration of a light metal/steel interface is reduced, and the growth rate of IMC is slowed down;
in the film breaking stage, the breaking of the oxide film is realized by adjusting the amplitude and the duty ratio of the multi-pulse current and applying the cyclic stress of cyclic expansion and contraction of the solid plate to be larger than the tensile strength of the oxide film, namely the temperature of the plate/plate interfaceSatisfy the following requirementsWherein: />Is the tensile strength of oxide film on the surface of light metal +.>Is the relation of the thermal expansion coefficient of light metal with the change of temperature, < ->Is the relation of Young's modulus of light metal along with temperature change>Is ambient temperature.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode force is applied to the sheet material by a welding gun, the electrode force being 1-10kN.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the preheating current is applied to the sheet material by the welding controller, and the preheating current is 1kA to 20kA.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the preheating current is adjusted to zero by increasing the time or the number of pulse currents in the film breaking stage.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the growing period is performed by adjusting the amplitude and duty cycle of the multi-pulse currentSo that the diameter of the nugget is reachedAnd simultaneously controlling not to generate splash phenomenon, wherein: t is the thickness of the light metal plate.
6. The method for resistance spot welding connection between a magnetically assisted multistage light metal and steel according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the growing stage is performed when the nugget thickness h satisfiesIn this case, the electromagnetic force can be generated by the interaction of an induced magnetic field or an external magnetic field with a current during the stirring phase, wherein: t is the thickness of the light metal plate.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the multi-pulse current has a duty cycle of 50% -100%.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the stirring phase is continued until immediately after the spatter is generated.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the external magnetic field source is applied to the stirring stage.
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| CN115213535A (en) | 2022-10-21 |
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